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Truttmann V, Schrenk F, Marini C, Palma M, Sanchez-Sanchez M, Rameshan C, Agostini G, Barrabés N. Structural evolution after oxidative pretreatment and CO oxidation of Au nanoclusters with different ligand shell composition: a view on the Au core. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3622-3628. [PMID: 36655719 PMCID: PMC9890638 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04498f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of supported monolayer protected Au nanoclusters is directly affected by their structural dynamics under pretreatment and reaction conditions. The effect of different types of ligands of Au clusters supported on CeO2 on their core structure evolution, under oxidative pretreatment and CO oxidation reaction, was investigated. X-ray absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies revealed that the clusters evolve to a similar core structure above 250 °C in all the cases, indicating the active role of the ligand-support interaction in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Truttmann
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU WienGetreidemarkt 9/165Vienna 1060Austria
| | - Florian Schrenk
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU WienGetreidemarkt 9/165Vienna 1060Austria,Chair of Physical Chemistry, Montanuniversität LeobenFranz-Josef-Straße 18Leoben 8700Austria
| | - Carlo Marini
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, Carrer de la Llum 2-26Cerdanyola del VallesBarcelona 08290Spain
| | - Mireia Palma
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU WienGetreidemarkt 9/166Vienna 1060Austria
| | - Maricruz Sanchez-Sanchez
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU WienGetreidemarkt 9/166Vienna 1060Austria
| | - Christoph Rameshan
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU WienGetreidemarkt 9/165Vienna 1060Austria,Chair of Physical Chemistry, Montanuniversität LeobenFranz-Josef-Straße 18Leoben 8700Austria
| | - Giovanni Agostini
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, Carrer de la Llum 2-26Cerdanyola del VallesBarcelona 08290Spain
| | - Noelia Barrabés
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU WienGetreidemarkt 9/165Vienna 1060Austria
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Adnan RH, Madridejos JML, Alotabi AS, Metha GF, Andersson GG. A Review of State of the Art in Phosphine Ligated Gold Clusters and Application in Catalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105692. [PMID: 35332703 PMCID: PMC9130904 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold clusters are highly desirable due to their well-defined structure which allows the study of structure-property relationships. In addition, they have potential in technological applications such as nanoscale catalysis. The structural, chemical, electronic, and optical properties of ligated gold clusters are strongly defined by the metal-ligand interaction and type of ligands. This critical feature renders gold-phosphine clusters unique and distinct from other ligand-protected gold clusters. The use of multidentate phosphines enables preparation of varying core sizes and exotic structures beyond regular polyhedrons. Weak gold-phosphorous (Au-P) bonding is advantageous for ligand exchange and removal for specific applications, such as catalysis, without agglomeration. The aim of this review is to provide a unified view of gold-phosphine clusters and to present an in-depth discussion on recent advances and key developments for these clusters. This review features the unique chemistry, structural, electronic, and optical properties of gold-phosphine clusters. Advanced characterization techniques, including synchrotron-based spectroscopy, have unraveled substantial effects of Au-P interaction on the composition-, structure-, and size-dependent properties. State-of-the-art theoretical calculations that reveal insights into experimental findings are also discussed. Finally, a discussion of the application of gold-phosphine clusters in catalysis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohul H. Adnan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCenter for Hydrogen EnergyUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)Johor Bahru81310Malaysia
| | | | - Abdulrahman S. Alotabi
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth Australia5042Australia
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of Science and Arts in BaljurashiAlbaha UniversityBaljurashi65655Saudi Arabia
| | - Gregory F. Metha
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia
| | - Gunther G. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth Australia5042Australia
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Vollath D, Fischer FD, Holec D. Surface energy of nanoparticles - influence of particle size and structure. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:2265-2276. [PMID: 30202695 PMCID: PMC6122122 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The surface energy, particularly for nanoparticles, is one of the most important quantities in understanding the thermodynamics of particles. Therefore, it is astonishing that there is still great uncertainty about its value. The uncertainty increases if one questions its dependence on particle size. Different approaches, such as classical thermodynamics calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and ab initio calculations, exist to predict this quantity. Generally, considerations based on classical thermodynamics lead to the prediction of decreasing values of the surface energy with decreasing particle size. This phenomenon is caused by the reduced number of next neighbors of surface atoms with decreasing particle size, a phenomenon that is partly compensated by the reduction of the binding energy between the atoms with decreasing particle size. Furthermore, this compensating effect may be expected by the formation of a disordered or quasi-liquid layer at the surface. The atomistic approach, based either on molecular dynamics simulations or ab initio calculations, generally leads to values with an opposite tendency. However, it is shown that this result is based on an insufficient definition of the particle size. A more realistic definition of the particle size is possible only by a detailed analysis of the electronic structure obtained from initio calculations. Except for minor variations caused by changes in the structure, only a minor dependence of the surface energy on the particle size is found. The main conclusion of this work is that surface energy values for the equivalent bulk materials should be used if detailed data for nanoparticles are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Holec
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing, Montanuniversität Leoben, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
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Vollath D, Holec D, Fischer FD. Au 55, a stable glassy cluster: results of ab initio calculations. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:2221-2229. [PMID: 29114449 PMCID: PMC5669225 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Structure and properties of small nanoparticles are still under discussion. Moreover, some thermodynamic properties and the structural behavior still remain partially unknown. One of the best investigated nanoparticles is the Au55 cluster, which has been analyzed experimentally and theoretically. However, up to now, the results of these studies are still inconsistent. Consequently, we have carried out the present ab initio study of the Au55 cluster, using up-to-date computational concepts, in order to clarify these issues. Our calculations have confirmed the experimental result that the thermodynamically most stable structure is not crystalline, but it is glassy. The non-crystalline structure of this cluster was validated by comparison of the coordination numbers with those of a crystalline cluster. It was found that, in contrast to bulk materials, glass formation is connected to an energy release that is close to the melting enthalpy of bulk gold. Additionally, the surface energy of this cluster was calculated using two different theoretical approaches resulting in values close to the surface energy for bulk gold. It shall be emphasized that it is now possible to give a confidence interval for the value of the surface energy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Holec
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing, Montanuniversität Leoben, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
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Toxic effects and biodistribution of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3011-3037. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chakraborty I, Pradeep T. Atomically Precise Clusters of Noble Metals: Emerging Link between Atoms and Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2017; 117:8208-8271. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1305] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indranath Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST
UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST
UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Liu J, Krishna KS, Losovyj YB, Chattopadhyay S, Lozova N, Miller JT, Spivey JJ, Kumar CSSR. Ligand-Stabilized and Atomically Precise Gold Nanocluster Catalysis: A Case Study for Correlating Fundamental Electronic Properties with Catalysis. Chemistry 2013; 19:10201-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Baker SH, Roy M, Thornton SC, Qureshi M, Binns C. Probing atomic structure in magnetic core/shell nanoparticles using synchrotron radiation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:385301. [PMID: 21386550 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/38/385301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Core/shell Fe/Cu and Fe/Au nanoparticles were prepared directly by deposition from the gas phase. A detailed study of the atomic structure in both the cores and shells of the nanoparticles was undertaken by means of extended absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. For Fe/Cu nanoparticles, a Cu shell ∼ 20 monolayers thick appears similar in structure to bulk Cu and is sufficient to cause the structure in the Fe core to switch from body centred cubic (bcc; as in bulk Fe) to face centred cubic. This is not the case for thinner Cu shells, 1-2 monolayers in thickness, in which there is a considerable contraction in nearest-neighbour interatomic distance as the shell structure changes to bcc. In Fe/Au nanoparticles, the crystal structure in the Fe core remains bcc for all Au thicknesses although there is some stretching of the lattice. In thin Au shells ∼ 2 monolayers thick, there is strong contraction in interatomic distances. There does not appear to be significant alloying at the Fe/Au interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Baker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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Baker SH, Roy M, Gurman SJ, Binns C. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure studies of the atomic structure of nanoparticles in different metallic matrices. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:183002. [PMID: 21825446 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/18/183002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It has been appreciated for some time that the novel properties of particles in the size range 1-10 nm are potentially exploitable in a range of applications. In order to ultimately produce commercial devices containing nanosized particles, it is necessary to develop controllable means of incorporating them into macroscopic samples. One way of doing this is to embed the nanoparticles in a matrix of a different material, by co-deposition for example, to form a nanocomposite film. The atomic structure of the embedded particles can be strongly influenced by the matrix. Since some of the key properties of materials, including magnetism, strongly depend on atomic structure, the ability to determine atomic structure in embedded nanoparticles is very important. This review focuses on nanoparticles, in particular magnetic nanoparticles, embedded in different metal matrices. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) provides an excellent means of probing atomic structure in nanocomposite materials, and an overview of this technique is given. Its application in probing catalytic metal clusters is described briefly, before giving an account of the use of EXAFS in determining atomic structure in magnetic nanocomposite films. In particular, we focus on cluster-assembled films comprised of Fe and Co nanosized particles embedded in various metal matrices, and show how the crystal structure of the particles can be changed by appropriate choice of the matrix material. The work discussed here demonstrates that combining the results of structural and magnetic measurements, as well as theoretical calculations, can play a significant part in tailoring the properties of new magnetic cluster-assembled materials.
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11
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Vanithakumari SC, Nanda KK. Phenomenological Predictions of Cohesive Energy and Structural Transition of Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2005; 110:1033-7. [PMID: 16471639 DOI: 10.1021/jp055617n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, it is shown that a liquid-drop model (LDM) can predict the size-dependent cohesive energy (SDCE) of large nanoparticles and clusters (particles with few atoms) quantitatively. The cohesive energy decreases linearly with the inverse of the particle size both for large nanoparticles and clusters though the slopes are different. This indicates that there are three different regions (I-III) of SDCE in the complete size range. Regions I and II represent the SDCE of large nanoparticles and clusters, respectively, while region II represents the intermediate region where the cohesive energy is almost size-independent. Different regions of SDCE correspond to different structures of nanoparticles, and structural transition associated with the particle size can easily be predicted from the SDCE. Analyzing the cohesive energy data on the basis of LDM, it is shown that the surface tension decreases with decreasing size for very small nanoparticles. The Tolman equation can account for the variation of surface tension by predicting the size dependency of the Tolman length.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Vanithakumari
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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12
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Schmid G, Corain B. Nanoparticulated Gold: Syntheses, Structures, Electronics, and Reactivities. Eur J Inorg Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Günter Schmid
- Universität Duisburg‐Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5−7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Benedetto Corain
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica ed Analitica, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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13
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XPS study of Au/TiO2 catalytic systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(00)80532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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14
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Rockenberger J, Tröger L, Kornowski A, Vossmeyer T, Eychmüller A, Feldhaus J, Weller H. EXAFS Studies on the Size Dependence of Structural and Dynamic Properties of CdS Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp963266u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Schmid G, Hess H. Differenz-Scanning-Kalorimetrische-Untersuchungen an gro�en �bergangsmetallclustern. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19956210706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pinto A, Pennisi AR, Faraci G, D'Agostino G, Mobilio S, Boscherini F. Evidence for truncated octahedral structures in supported gold clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:5315-5321. [PMID: 9979412 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.5315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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