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Abbrescia DI, La Piana G, Lofrumento NE. Malate-aspartate shuttle and exogenous NADH/cytochrome c electron transport pathway as two independent cytosolic reducing equivalent transfer systems. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 518:157-63. [PMID: 22239987 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells aerobic oxidation of glucose requires reducing equivalents produced in glycolytic phase to be channelled into the phosphorylating respiratory chain for the reduction of molecular oxygen. Data never presented before show that the oxidation rate of exogenous NADH supported by the malate-aspartate shuttle system (reconstituted in vitro with isolated liver mitochondria) is comparable to the rate obtained on activation of the cytosolic NADH/cytochrome c electron transport pathway. The activities of these two reducing equivalent transport systems are independent of each other and additive. NADH oxidation induced by the malate-aspartate shuttle is inhibited by aminooxyacetate and by rotenone and/or antimycin A, two inhibitors of the respiratory chain, while the NADH/cytochrome c system remains insensitive to all of them. The two systems may simultaneously or mutually operate in the transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosol to inside the mitochondria. In previous reports we suggested that the NADH/cytochrome c system is expected to be functioning in apoptotic cells characterized by the presence of cytochrome c in the cytosol. As additional new finding the activity of reconstituted shuttle system is linked to the amount of α-ketoglutarate generated inside the mitochondria by glutamate dehydrogenase rather than by aspartate aminotransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Isabel Abbrescia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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2
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Papa S, Martino PL, Capitanio G, Gaballo A, De Rasmo D, Signorile A, Petruzzella V. The oxidative phosphorylation system in mammalian mitochondria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 942:3-37. [PMID: 22399416 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2869-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The chapter provides a review of the state of art of the oxidative phosphorylation system in mammalian mitochondria. The sections of the paper deal with: (i) the respiratory chain as a whole: redox centers of the chain and protonic coupling in oxidative phosphorylation (ii) atomic structure and functional mechanism of protonmotive complexes I, III, IV and V of the oxidative phosphorylation system (iii) biogenesis of oxidative phosphorylation complexes: mitochondrial import of nuclear encoded subunits, assembly of oxidative phosphorylation complexes, transcriptional factors controlling biogenesis of the complexes. This advanced knowledge of the structure, functional mechanism and biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation system provides a background to understand the pathological impact of genetic and acquired dysfunctions of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Papa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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3
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García J, Torres N. Mathematical modelling and assessment of the pH homeostasis mechanisms in Aspergillus niger while in citric acid producing conditions. J Theor Biol 2011; 282:23-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fransvea E, La Piana G, Marzulli D, Lofrumento NE. Inhibition by butylmalonate of proton influx in nonphosphorylating mitochondria. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998; 355:93-100. [PMID: 9647671 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1998.0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The impermeability of the inner membrane to protons is one of the four postulates of the chemiosmotic theory on the coupling mechanism between respiration and phosphorylation in mitochondria. However, oxygen uptake in isolated nonphosphorylating mitochondria requires that protons translocated from inside to outside must be, at least in part, retaken up. The nonohmic relationship between the respiration rate and the protonmotive force has been mainly ascribed to an increase in the proton conductance of the inner membrane (proton leak). In liver mitochondria oxygen pulse experiments the rate of both the efflux and the reentry of protons, linked to the oxygen consumption supported by succinate oxidation, is greatly stimulated by low concentrations of butylmalonate. The steady-state level of protons exported outside in the acidification-alkalinization cycle of the medium, generated by an oxygen pulse, is also increased but the rate of oxygen uptake is unaffected. However, in valinomycin-stimulated respiration butylmalonate inhibits the ratio of proton influx/oxygen consumption by 50% and also stimulates the ratio of proton efflux/oxygen consumption by 50%. Titration of the butylmalonate effect gives a saturation curve with a half-maximal effect at 5 microM. Identical results are obtained inthe presence of oligomycin which excludes the involvement of the ATP-synthase complex. The data obtained are not in contrast with the existence in the inner membrane of a channel-like system inhibited by butylmalonate and involved, together with other systems, in promoting the backflow of protons in nonphosphorylating state 4 respiration. Such a system, similar to thermogenin, could be involved in tissues, other than adipose, in a more general thermogenesis program by promoting the dissipation as heat of the energy given by the electrochemical proton gradient. The possibility that butylmalonate might inhibit the proton movement associated with cation and anion transport in mitochondria has also been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fransvea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
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O'Donnell JM, Doumen C, LaNoue KF, White LT, Yu X, Alpert NM, Lewandowski ED. Dehydrogenase regulation of metabolite oxidation and efflux from mitochondria in intact hearts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 274:H467-76. [PMID: 9486249 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1998.274.2.h467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To test how alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (alpha-KGDH) activity influences the balance between oxidative flux and transmitochondrial metabolite exchange, we monitored these rates in isolated mitochondria and in perfused rabbit hearts at an altered kinetics (Km) of alpha-KGDH for alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG). In isolated mitochondria, relative Km dropped from 0.23 mM at pH = 7.2 to 0.10 mM at pH 6.8 (P < 0.05), and alpha-KG efflux decreased from 126 to 95 nmol.min-1.mg-1. In intact hearts, Km was reduced with low intracellular pH, while matching control workload and respiratory rate with increased Ca2+ (pHi = 7.20, perfusate CaCl2 = 1.5 mM; pHi = 6.89, perfusate CaCl2 = 3 +/- 1 mM). Sequential 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra from hearts oxidizing [2-13C]acetate provided tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and the exchange rate between alpha-KG and cytosolic glutamate (F1). Tricarboxylic acid cycle flux was 10 mumol.min-1.g-1 in both groups, but F1 fell from a control of 9.3 +/- 0.6 to 2.8 +/- 0.4 mumol.min-1.g-1 at low Km. The results indicate that increased activity of alpha-KGDH occurs at the expense of alpha-KG efflux during support of normal workloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M O'Donnell
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02129, USA
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Papa S. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation changes in the life span. Molecular aspects and physiopathological implications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1276:87-105. [PMID: 8816944 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(96)00077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Papa
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Bari, Italy.
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Lorusso M, Cocco T, Minuto M, Capitanio N, Papa S. Proton/electron stoichiometry of mitochondrial bc1 complex. Influence of pH and transmembrane delta pH. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1995; 27:101-8. [PMID: 7629041 DOI: 10.1007/bf02110337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of pH and transmembrane delta pH on the efficiency of the proton pump of the mitochondrial bc1 complex both in situ and in the reconstituted state was studied. In both cases the H+/e- ratio for vectorial proton translocation by the bc1 complex respiring at the steady state, under conditions in which the transmembrane pH difference (delta pH) represents the only component of the proton motive force (delta p), was significantly lower than that measured under level flow conditions. The latter amounts, at neutral pH, to 1 (2 including the scalar H+ release). In the reconstituted system steady-state delta pH was modulated by changing the intravesicular buffer as well as the intra/extra-liposomal pH. Under these conditions the H+/e- ratio varied inversely with the delta pH. The data presented show that delta pH exerts a critical control on the proton pump of the bc1 complex. Increasing the external pH above neutrality caused a decrease of the level flow H+/e- ratio. This effect is explained in terms of proton/electron linkage in b cytochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lorusso
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Bari, Italy
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Matsuishi T, Stumpf DA, Chrislip K. The effect of malate on propionate mitochondrial toxicity. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE AND METABOLIC BIOLOGY 1991; 46:177-84. [PMID: 1782009 DOI: 10.1016/0885-4505(91)90065-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Propionic acidemia occasionally produces a toxic encephalopathy resembling Reye's syndrome, indicating disruption of mitochondrial metabolism. Liver mitochondria respiratory control ratios were reduced 46% by 5 mM propionate; inhibition correlated with matrix propionyl-CoA levels. L-Malate prevented the toxic effect of propionate and reduced the propionyl-CoA matrix concentration by 62%. The beneficial effect of L-malate is apparently due to stimulation of succinate efflux because the effect is blocked by benzylmalonate, an inhibitor of the dicarboxylate carrier. Matrix concentration of label from [1-14C]propionate was not affected by L-malate and/or benzylmalonate. L-Malate may be useful in the treatment of patients with propionic acidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsuishi
- Division of Neurology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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Bisaccia F, Indiveri C, Palmieri F. Purification and reconstitution of two anion carriers from rat liver mitochondria: the dicarboxylate and the 2-oxoglutarate carrier. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1988; 933:229-40. [PMID: 3355813 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two anion-transporting systems, i.e., the dicarboxylate carrier and the 2-oxoglutarate carrier, have been purified from rat liver mitochondria and functionally identified. The dicarboxylate carrier has been isolated in active form by hydroxyapatite chromatography after partial removal of the solubilizing detergent Triton X-114 from the mitochondrial extract. The SDS gel electrophoresis of this preparation consists mainly of one protein band with an apparent Mr of 28,000, identified as the dicarboxylate carrier. Complete purification of the 28 kDa protein in inactive form has been achieved by sequential chromatography on hydroxyapatite and Celite followed by SDS extraction of the retained protein. The 2-oxoglutarate carrier has been purified by hydroxyapatite chromatography after extensive removal of Triton X-114 from the detergent extract. SDS gel electrophoresis of the purified fraction shows a single band with an apparent Mr of 32,500. When reconstituted into liposomes, the functional properties of the two isolated carrier proteins resemble closely those of the dicarboxylate and the 2-oxoglutarate transport systems characterized in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bisaccia
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Bari, Italy
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10
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Bisaccia F, Indiveri C, Palmieri F. Purification of reconstitutively active alpha-oxoglutarate carrier from pig heart mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1985; 810:362-9. [PMID: 4063354 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(85)90222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The alpha-oxoglutarate carrier from pig heart mitochondria has been solubilized with Triton X-114 and purified by chromatography on hydroxyapatite and celite in the presence of cardiolipin. When applied to SDS gel electrophoresis, the purified protein consists of only a single protein band with an apparent Mr of 31.5 kDa. It corresponds to band 4 of the five protein bands previously identified in the hydroxyapatite pass-through of Triton X-114 solubilized heart mitochondria (Bisaccia, F. and Palmieri, F. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 766, 386-394). When reconstituted into liposomes the alpha-oxoglutarate transport protein catalyzes a phthalonate-sensitive alpha-oxoglutarate/alpha-oxoglutarate exchange. It is purified 250-fold with a recovery of 62% and a protein yield of 0.1% with respect to the mitochondrial extract. The properties of the reconstituted carrier, i.e., the requirements for a counteranion, the substrate specificity and the inhibitor sensitivity, are similar to those described for alpha-oxoglutarate transport in mitochondria.
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Papa S, Guerrieri F, Lorusso M, Izzo G, Boffoli D, Capuano F, Capitanio N, Altamura N. The H+/e- stoicheiometry of respiration-linked proton translocation in the cytochrome system of mitochondria. Biochem J 1980; 192:203-18. [PMID: 6272694 PMCID: PMC1162323 DOI: 10.1042/bj1920203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
1. The -->H(+)/e(-) quotients for proton release from mitochondria associated with electron flow from succinate and duroquinol to O(2), ferricyanide or ferricytochrome c, and from NNN'N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine+ascorbate to O(2), were determined from rate measurements of electron flow and proton translocation. 2. Care was taken to avoid, or to take into account, unrelated electron flow and proton translocation, which might take place in addition to the oxido-reductions that were the subject of our analysis. Spectrophotometric techniques were chosen to provide accurate measurement of the rate of consumption of oxidants and reductants. The rate of proton translocation was measured with fast pH meters with a precision of 10(-3) pH unit. 3. The -->H(+)/O quotient for succinate or duroquinol oxidation was, at neutral pH, 4, when computed on the basis of spectrophotometric determinations of the rate of O(2) consumption or duroquinol oxidation. Higher -->H(+)/O quotients for succinate oxidation, obtained from polarographic measurements of O(2) consumption, resulted from underestimation of the respiratory rate. 4. The -->H(+)/2e(-) quotient for electron flow from succinate and duroquinol to ferricyanide or ferricytochrome c ranged from 3.9 to 3.6. 5. Respiration elicited by NNN'N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine+ascorbate by antimycin-inhibited mitochondria resulted in extra proton release in addition to that produced for oxidation of ascorbate to dehydroascorbate. Accurate spectrophotometric measurement of respiration showed that the -->H(+)/e(-) ratio was only 0.25 and not 0.7-1.0 as obtained with the inadequate polarographic assay of respiration. Proton release was practically suppressed when mitochondria were preincubated aerobically in the absence of antimycin. Furthermore, the rate of scalar proton consumption for water production was lower than that expected from the stoicheiometry. Thus the extra proton release observed during respiration elicited by NNN'N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine+ascorbate is caused by oxidation of endogenous hydrogenated reductants. 6. It is concluded that (i) the -->H(+)/O quotient for the cytochrome system is, at neutral pH, 4 and not 6 or 8 as reported by others; (ii) all the four protons are released during electron flow from quinol to cytochrome c; (iii) the oxidase transfers electrons from cytochrome c to protons from the matrix aqueous phase and does not pump protons from the matrix to the outer aqueous phase.
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12
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Sluse FE, Duyckaerts C, Liébecq C, Sluse-Goffart CM. Kinetic and binding properties of the oxoglutarate translocator of rat-heart mitochondria. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 100:3-17. [PMID: 488098 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb02028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The kinetic study of the oxoglutarateout/malatein exchange through the inner mitochondrial membrane of rat-heart mitochondria has been compelted and extended to higher external-oxoglutarate and to lower internal-malate concentrations. It has been found that the external oxoglutarate inhibits the exchange at high concentration. This excess-substrate inhibition is preceded by four jumps. The kinetic-saturation curve by the internal malate presents an apparent positive cooperativity that may be interpreted in different ways. The independence of the effects of the two substrates on the initial rate has been observed again and supports the conclusions reached in previous work. A method for the determination of oxoglutarate binding to the external face of the inner membrane is described. The binding curve shows four intermediary plateau regions that reflect significant apparent K-effects, alternatively negative and positive. For external-oxoglutarate concentrations below the region of excess-substrate inhibition, the binding-saturation curve and the kinetic-saturation curve are similar, demonstrating that K-effects are predominant. A particularly wide intermediary plateau that seems to correspond to half saturation of the active sites is common to both saturation curves. A clear lack of proportionality between the two curves at low oxoglutarate concentrations seems to indicate that more than one catalytic-rate constant is implied in the exchange kinetics. Two models of the oxoglutarate carrier are presented. Both lead to a minimum degree of 10:10 for the equation of the binding of oxoglutarate to the catalytic sites. In the first model this corresponds to ten subunits associated into a single oligomer while in the second model this results from a mixture of monomeric, dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric associations.
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Williamson JR, Viale RO. Methodology for transport studies: graphical and computer curve fitting methods for glutamate and aspartate efflux kinetics. Methods Enzymol 1979; 56:252-78. [PMID: 37411 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(79)56028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Hamilton R, Nilsen-Hamilton M. Transport of phosphate in membrane vesicles from mouse fibroblasts transformed by simian virus 40. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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16
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Chávez E, Chávez R, Carrasco N. The effect of agaric acid on citrate transport in rat liver mitochondria. Life Sci 1978; 23:1423-9. [PMID: 713700 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(78)90123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Hillar M. Histone inhibition of mitochondrial proton transport. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHYSIOLOGIE ET DE BIOCHIMIE 1978; 86:227-33. [PMID: 80979 DOI: 10.3109/13813457809069899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone blocks proton uptake by mitochondria incubated in the presence of valinomycin or DNP. In the presence of DNP valinomycin-induced H+ uptake is not affected by histone. H+ uptake induced by nigericin is not affected by histone as well. Postulated mechanism of histone action involves the immobilization of proton translocation in mitochondrial membrane and induction of local change in H+ concentration, the prevention of the interaction between H+ and natural K+-carrier and Mg2+ transport system or valinomycin.
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18
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Meijer A, Gimpel J, Deleeuw G, Tischler M, Tager J, Williamson J. Interrelationships between gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis in isolated hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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19
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Le Quoc D, Le Quoc K, Gaudemer Y. Influence of the energetic state of rat liver mitochondria on the sensitivity of the phosphate carrier towards SH reagents. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1977; 462:131-40. [PMID: 911819 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(77)90195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate transport into rat liver mitochondria was measured by the swelling technique in 0.1 M ammonium phosphate. Energized or non-energized mitochondria were preincubated with different thiol reagents and evidence is given that with a slow-reacting thiol reagent, ethacrynate, the inactivation of the phosphate carrier is obtained when mitochondria are energized, while poor or no inactivation occurs when mitochondria are non-energized or preincubated with Pi. Moreover, the inactivation depends on the presence of Mg2+ and on the nature of the substrate. Some comparative essays were done using N-ethylmaleimide as a thiol reagent, but no energy-linked variation of N-ethylmaleimide inhibition on phosphate transport was obtained. Taking into account the fact that both thiol-reagents incorporation into rat liver mitochondria is sitmulated by the presence of substrate, the different behaviour of these two thiol-reagents towards Pi transport is discussed on the basis of their different reactivity with SH groups.
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Briquet M. Transport of pyruvate and lactate in yeast mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1977; 459:290-9. [PMID: 319827 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(77)90029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for the existence of mediated transport of pyruvate and lactate in isolated mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is presented. 1. The mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate is specifically inhibited by the monocarboxylic oxoacids alpha-ketoisocaproate and by alpha-cyano-3-hydroxycinnamate, while pyruvate and malate dehydrogenases activities are not inhibited. 2. The stimulation of the mitochondrial oxidations of succinate, alpha-ketoglutarate and citrate by pyruvate are also inhibited by alpha-cyano-3-hydroxycinnamate. 3. The [14C]pyruvate uptake by yeast mitochondria follows saturation kinetics and is completely inhibited by alpha-cyano-3-hydroxycinnamate. 4. Large amplitude passive swellings of mitochondria of the wild type and of cytoplasmic rho- and rho-n mutants are induced by isoosmotic ammonium pyruvate and lactate. These pH-dependent swellings are inhibited by alpha-cyano-3-hydroxycinnamate suggesting that the carrier system is not coded by mitochondrial DNA.
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GÓMEZ-PUYOU A, GÓMEZ-LOJERO C. The Use of Ionophores and Channel Formers in the Study of the Function of Biological Membranes. CURRENT TOPICS IN BIOENERGETICS 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152506-4.50012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Bartley JC. Modulation by ketone bodies of the rate of fatty acid synthesis in mammary gland slices from lactating rats. Lipids 1976; 11:774-7. [PMID: 994747 DOI: 10.1007/bf02533054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The absolute rate of fatty acid synthesis was measured in slices of mammary gland from lactating rats by incubation in [3H]2O-labeled medium containing 10 mM D-3-hydroxybutyrate or acetoacetate alone and paired in combination with 10 mM glucose, lactate, or pyruvate. When compared with our previous studies, the ketone bodies alone supported significant fatty acid synthesis; the rate of synthesis from either ketone body and lactate was higher than that from pyruvate and lactate, and that from pyruvate and glucose; the rate of synthesis from D-3-hydroxybutyrate and lactate was the highest we have observed in the absence of an exogenous substrate for the hexose monophosphate pathway. This study confirms our previous contention that, in rat mammary gland, substrates formed in the mitochondria can be utilized in the cytosol to provide some of the NADPH necessary for fatty acid synthesis.
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Briquet M, Sabadie-Pialoux N, Goffeau A. Ziram, a sulfhydryl reagent and specific inhibitor of yeast mitochondrial dehydrogenases. Arch Biochem Biophys 1976; 174:684-94. [PMID: 132898 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(76)90399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Papa S. Proton translocation reactions in the respiratory chains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 456:39-84. [PMID: 178381 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(76)90008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Meijer AJ, von Woerkom GM, Eggelte TA. Phthalonic acid, an inhibitor of alpha-oxoglutarate transport in mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 430:53-61. [PMID: 1260046 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(76)90221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phthalonic acid is a powerful inhibitor of alpha-oxoglutarate transport in mitochondria. This conclusion is based on the following observations: 1. Phthalonic acid inhibits the oxidation of alpha-oxoglutarate but has no effect on the oxidation of glutamate or cis-aconitate. 2. With arsenite present, phthalonic acid inhibits the oxidation of glutamate plus malate and of cis-aconitate plus malate. Under these conditions alpha-oxoglutarate accumulates inside the mitochondria. With glutamate plus malate as substrates the inhibition is competitive with malate with a Ki value of 20 muM. 3. Phthalonic acid inhibits the oxidation of intramitochondrial NAD(P)H by alpha-oxoglutarate plus ammonia. The inhibition is competitive with respect to alpha-oxoglutarate with a Ki of 30 muM. 4. Phthalonic acid inhibits the exchange between extramitochondrial alpha-oxoglutarate and intramitochondrial malate.
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27
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Lofrumento NE, Zanotti F. Conformative response of the mitochondrial Pi-dicarboxylate transport system to inhibitors and substrates. FEBS Lett 1976; 63:129-33. [PMID: 1261674 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Coty WA, Pedersen PL. Phosphate transport in rat liver mitochondria. Kinetics, inhibitor sensitivity, energy requirements, and labeled components. Mol Cell Biochem 1975; 9:109-24. [PMID: 609 DOI: 10.1007/bf01732202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were carried out to define the kinetic parameters of the major phosphate transport processes of rat liver mitochondria, and to obtain information about the molecular properties of these systems.
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Sluse FE, Sluse-Goffart CM, Duyckaerts C, Liébecq C. Evidence for cooperative effects in the exchange reaction catalysed by the oxoglutarate translocator of rat-heart mitochondria. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 56:1-14. [PMID: 1175617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The initial rates of the exchange external oxoglutarate/internal malate through the inner membrane of rat-heart mitochondria, for various concentrations of the two substrates, have been reinvestigated for an extended range of concentrations of the external oxoglutarate. This has been made possible by use of the inhibitor-stop technique that allows 100 times smaller incubation times than the centrifugation-stop technique used previously. Under the experimental conditions the uptake of the external-labelled oxoglutarate into the mitochondrial-matrix space is mediated by the oxoglutarate translocator performing a ono-to-one exchange of the anions oxoglutarate (external) and malate (internal). Two intermediary-plateau regions are observed in the kinetic saturation curve of the translocator by the external oxoglutarate, revealing a complex rate equation which is found to be the product of two one-substrate functions. Analysing these features it is shown that the model, proposed earlier, of a "double carrier" as catalyst in a rapid-equilibrium random bi-bi mechanism, is still applicable but that several external binding sites have to be considered. As already noticed the external and the internal substrates bind to their respective sites independently of each other. Furthermore, some additional requirements imposed by the observed kinetics suggest that the exchange reaction is performed by only one translocator species made of identical interacting subunits. The anion exchange is tentatively viewed as a rotation of a subunit around an axis situated in the plane of the membrane after two independent local configuration changes induced by the binding of the two substrates on this subunit.
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Coty WA, Pedersen PL. Phosphate transport in rat liver mitochondria. Membrane components labeled by N-ethylmaleimide during inhibition of transport. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Hillar M, Lott V, Lennox B. Correlation of the effects of citric acid cycle metabolites on succinate oxidation by rat liver mitochondria and submitochondrial particles. JOURNAL OF BIOENERGETICS 1975; 7:1-16. [PMID: 1176438 DOI: 10.1007/bf01558459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. Succinate dehydrogenase is inhibited by citrate and beta-hydroxy-butyrate in a complex manner, both in mitochondria and submitochondrial particles. Kinetics of inhibition in the particles points to a competitive component in the mechanism involved. 2. Pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate, and glutamate stimulate oxidation of succinate by mitochondria. 3. Stimulation by alpha-ketoglutarate and glutamate is not influenced by the presence of rotenone. 4. Stimulation by pyruvate is higher in the absence of rotenone and increases significantly in the presence of K+ and valinomycin. Pyruvate supplies in mitochondria reducing equivalents for malate dehydrogenase operating in the reverse direction-reduction of oxaloacetate to malate. 5. Stimulation by malate is higher in the presence of rotenone.
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Aleksandrowicz Z, Sweirczyński J. The inhibition by bromothymol blue of anion translocation across the mitochondrial membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 382:92-105. [PMID: 235323 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(75)90376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1. In rat liver mitochondria bromothymol blue inhibited the exchange of [14C]succinate for succinate, malonate, L-malate and inorganic phosphate; the [14C]citrate/citrate and [14C]citrate/malate exchange reactions and the phosphate/hydroxyl exchange were also inhibited by this dye. The inhibition of the rate of succinate, citrate and phosphate uptake by bromothymol blue is found to be competitive. 2. The degree of inhibition by bromothymol blue of the ]14C]succinate/malonate exchange reaction was pH dependent. It has been shown that the inhibition increased linearly while the pH was increased from 6.0 to 8.2. However, the binding rate of bromothymol blue to the mitochondria decreased with the rising pH of the medium. It is concluded that the binding of acidic bromothymol blue was not essential for the inhibitory effect. 3. Other sulfonephthalein derivatives also inhibited [14C]succinate/malonate exchange reaction. At pH 7.2 the relative order of the strength of the inhibitory action of the sulfonephthalein compounds tested was: thymol blue greater than bronocresol green greater than bromothymol blue greater than phenol red greater than bromocresol purple. The results do not indicate any correlation between the pK values of pH values of pH indicators and their extents of inhibition. 4. It is suggested that the negatively charged bromothymol blue interacts with the positively charged centers of the anion carrier systems causing inhibition of membrane permeability for anions.
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Meijer AJ, Van Dam K. The metabolic significance of anion transport in mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 346:213-44. [PMID: 4613381 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(74)90001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lofrumento NE, Zanotti F, Papa S. New aspects of the mechanism of inorganic phosphate and dicarboxylate transport in mitochondria. FEBS Lett 1974; 48:188-91. [PMID: 4435218 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Papa S, Paradies G. On the mechanism of translocation of pyruvate and other monocarboxylic acids in rat-liver mitochondria. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 49:265-74. [PMID: 4459142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Reynafarje B, Lehninger AL. A Quantitative Analysis of Super-Stoichiometric H+ Ejection and Ca2+ Uptake in Respiring Rat Liver Mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Launay AN, Michejda JW, Vignais PV. Malate transport in bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 347:60-76. [PMID: 4433559 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(74)90200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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LaNoue KF, Meijer AJ, Brouwer A. Evidence for electrogenic aspartate transport in rat liver mitochondria. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 161:544-50. [PMID: 4839046 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Lehninger AL. Role of phosphate and other proton-donating anions in respiration-coupled transport of Ca2+ by mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:1520-4. [PMID: 4364542 PMCID: PMC388262 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.4.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurements of extra oxygen consumption, (45)Ca(2+) uptake, and the osmotic expansion of the matrix compartment show that not all permeant anions are capable of supporting and accompanying the energy-dependent transport of Ca(2+) from the medium into the matrix in respiring rat-liver mitochondria. Phosphate, arsenate, acetate, butyrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, and bicarbonate + CO(2) supported Ca(2+) uptake, whereas the permeant anions, nitrate, thiocyanate, chlorate, and perchlorate, did not. The active anions share a common denominator, the potential ability to donate a proton to the mitochondrial matrix; the inactive anions lack this capacity. Phosphate and the other active permeant anions move into the matrix in response to the alkaline-inside electrochemical gradient of protons generated across the mitochondrial membrane by electron transport, thus forming a negative-inside anion gradient. It is postulated that the latter gradient is the immediate "pulling" force for the influx of Ca(2+) on the electrogenic Ca(2+) carrier in respiring mitochondria under intracellular conditions. Since mitochondria in the cell are normally exposed to an excess of phosphate (and the bicarbonate-CO(2) system), particularly in state 4, inward transport of these proton-yielding anions probably precedes and is necessary for inward transport of Ca(2+) and other cations under biological conditions. These observations indicate that a negative-inside gradient of phosphate generated by electron transport is a common step and provides the immediate motive power not only for (a) the inward transport of dicarboxylates and tricarboxylates and (b) the energy-dependent exchange of external ADP(3-) for internal ATP(4-) during oxidative phosphorylation, as has already been established, but also for (c) the inward transport of Ca(2+), K(+), and other cations.
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Vignais PM, Vignais PV. Fuscin, an inhibitor of mitochondrial SH-dependent transport-linked functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 325:357-74. [PMID: 4798314 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(73)90197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Keyhani E, Storey BT. Oxidation rates of Krebs cycle carboxylic acids by the mitochondria of hypotonically treated rabbit epididymal spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 1973; 24:864-71. [PMID: 4742007 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)40033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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LaNoue KF, Wałajtys EI, Williamson JR. Regulation of Glutamate Metabolism and Interactions with the Citric Acid Cycle in Rat Heart Mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Papa S, Kanduc D, Lofrumento NE. Phosphate transport in mitochondria action of mersalyl on the binding and transport of inorganic phosphate. FEBS Lett 1973; 36:9-11. [PMID: 4747608 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(73)80325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Papa S, Guerrieri F, Lorusso M, Simone S. Proton translocation and energy transduction in mitochondria. Biochimie 1973; 55:703-16. [PMID: 4771754 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(73)80024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Papa S, Paradies G, Galeotti T, Dionisi O, Eboli ML. Transport of -oxoglutarate in mitochondria of tumour cells and its functional implications. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1973; 242:86-7. [PMID: 4512236 DOI: 10.1038/newbio242086a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Simpson DP, Angielski S. Regulation by bicarbonate ion of intramitochondrial citrate concentration in kidney mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 298:115-23. [PMID: 4707610 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(73)90016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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