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Lau M, Monis PT, King BJ. The efficacy of current treatment processes to remove, inactivate, or reduce environmental bloom-forming Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0085624. [PMID: 38980016 PMCID: PMC11302305 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00856-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is excreted in high numbers from the intestinal tract of humans, other mammals, and birds. Traditionally, it had been thought that E. coli could grow only within human or animal hosts and would perish in the environment. Therefore, the presence of E. coli in water has become universally accepted as a key water quality indicator of fecal pollution. However, recent research challenges the assumption that the presence of E. coli in water is always an indicator of fecal contamination, with some types of E. coli having evolved to survive and grow in aquatic environments. These strains can form blooms in water storages, resulting in high E. coli counts even without fecal contamination. Although these bloom-forming strains lack virulence genes and pose little threat to public health, their presence in treated water triggers the same response as fecal-derived E. coli. Yet, little is known about the effectiveness of treatment processes in removing or inactivating them. This study evaluated the effectiveness of current treatment processes to remove bloom-forming strains, in comparison to fecal-derived strains, with conventional coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation and filtration investigated. Second, the effectiveness of current disinfection processes-chlorination, chloramination, and ultraviolet (UV) light to disinfect bloom-forming strains in comparison to fecal-derived strains-was assessed. These experiments showed that the responses of bloom isolates were not significantly different from those of fecal E. coli strains. Therefore, commonly used water treatment and disinfection processes are effective to remove bloom-forming E. coli strains from water.IMPORTANCEThe presence of Escherichia coli in water has long been used globally as a key indicator of fecal pollution and for quantifying water safety. Traditionally, it was believed that E. coli could only thrive within hosts and would perish outside, making its presence in water indicative of fecal contamination. However, recent research has unveiled strains of E. coli capable of surviving and proliferating in aquatic environments, forming blooms even in the absence of fecal contamination. While these bloom-forming strains lack the genes to be pathogenic, their detection in source or drinking water triggers the same response as fecal-derived E. coli. Yet, little is known about the efficacy of treatment processes in removing them. This study evaluated the effectiveness of conventional treatment and disinfection processes in removing bloom-forming strains compared to fecal-derived strains. Results indicate that these commonly used processes are equally effective against both types of E. coli, reassuring that bloom-forming E. coli strains can be eliminated from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Lau
- South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul T. Monis
- South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brendon J. King
- South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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2
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Dong X, Tu C, Liu Y, Zhang R, Liu Y. Identification of the core c-di-GMP turnover proteins responsible for root colonization of Bacillus velezensis. iScience 2022; 25:105294. [PMID: 36300004 PMCID: PMC9589206 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Root colonization by beneficial rhizobacteria determines their plant beneficial effects. The messenger c-di-GMP is involved in the bacterial transition process between motility and biofilm, which are crucial to the colonization ability of the rhizobacteria. In this study, we identified three GGDEF domain-containing proteins (YdaK, YhcK, and YtrP) and two EAL domain-containing proteins (YuxH and YkuI) in beneficial rhizobacterium Bacillus velezensis SQR9. We found that deficiency of ytrP or ykuI in SQR9 led to impaired biofilm formation, while deficiency of yuxH led to weakened motility. Further investigation showed that YtrP, YuxH, and YkuI all contributed to the root colonization of SQR9 on cucumber root. Further bioinformatics analysis showed that YtrP and YuxH are conserved in plant beneficial Bacillus group, while they do not occur in animal pathogenic Bacillus. This research will be useful for enhancing the beneficial function of Bacillus spp. in agricultural application. C-di-GMP is involved in root colonization of B. velezensis YtrP and YkuI enhance the root colonization by regulating biofilm of B velezensis YuxH enhances the root colonization by affecting the motility of B. velezensis YtrP and YuxH are conserved in plant beneficial Bacillus group
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Chen Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Ruifu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China,Corresponding author
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Li J, Feng S, Yu L, Zhao J, Tian F, Chen W, Zhai Q. Capsular polysaccarides of probiotics and their immunomodulatory roles. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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The Genome of Bacillus velezensis SC60 Provides Evidence for Its Plant Probiotic Effects. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040767. [PMID: 35456817 PMCID: PMC9025316 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Root colonization and plant probiotic function are important traits of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Bacillus velezensis SC60, a plant endophytic strain screened from Sesbania cannabina, has a strong colonization ability on various plant roots, which indicates that SC60 has a preferable adaptability to plants. However, the probiotic function of the strain SC60 is not well-understood. Promoting plant growth and suppressing soil-borne pathogens are key to the plant probiotic functions. In this study, the genetic mechanism of plant growth-promoting and antibacterial activity of the strain SC60 was analyzed by biological and bioinformatics methods. The complete genome size of strain SC60 was 3,962,671 bp, with 4079 predicted genes and an average GC content of 46.46%. SC60 was designated as Bacillus velezensis according to the comparative analysis, including average nucleotide polymorphism (ANI), digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH), and phylogenetic analysis. Genomic secondary metabolite analyses indicated two clusters encoding potential new antimicrobials. The antagonism experiments revealed that strain SC60 had the ability to inhibit the growth of a variety of plant pathogens and its closely related strains of Bacillus spp., which was crucial to the rhizospheric competitiveness and growth-promoting effect of the strain. The present results further suggest that B. velezensis SC60 could be used as a PGPR strain to develop new biocontrol agents or microbial fertilizers.
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Wan R, Li X, Wang L, Yang G, Zheng X, Zha Y, Chen Y, Meng J. Ionic copper strengthens the toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) to denitrification by decreasing substrate transport and electron transfer. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126203. [PMID: 34492966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing electrical and electronic waste have raised concerns about the potential toxicity of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and heavy metals (HMs). However, few studies have focused on the combined effect of BFRs and HMs on microorganisms, especially denitrifying bacteria, which have an essential role in N cycles and N2O emission. Herein, we investigate the combined effect of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Cu on model denitrifying bacteria. A further 24.5% decline in N removal efficiency was observed when 0.05 mg/L Cu were added into a denitrifying system containing 0.75 mg/L TBBPA. Further study demonstrated that Cu heightened the toxicity of TBBPA to denitrification via following aspects: (1) Cu stimulated EPS secretion induced by TBBPA during denitrification, blocked the transmembrane transport of glucose, which caused insufficient carbon substrate for bacteria growth and electron provision; (2) Cu further suppressed key denitrifying enzymes' activity and down-regulated genes involving electron transport induced by TBBPA, led to the decrease of electron transport activity. Finally, the decrease of bacterial growth, insufficient electron donor, and lower electron transport activity caused the synergetic toxic effect of TBBPA and Cu on denitrification. Overall, the present study provides new insights into the combined effect of BFRs and HMs on microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, 189 South of Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, 189 South of Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, 189 South of Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Geng Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, 189 South of Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Xiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunyi Zha
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, 189 South of Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Meng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, 189 South of Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
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Sedanza MG, Kim HJ, Seposo X, Yoshida A, Yamaguchi K, Satuito CG. Regulatory Role of Sugars on the Settlement Inducing Activity of a Conspecific Cue in Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3273. [PMID: 33806943 PMCID: PMC8004857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the larval settlement inducing effect of sugars and a conspecific cue from adult shell extract of Crassostrea gigas. To understand how the presence of different chemical cues regulate settlement behavior, oyster larvae were exposed to 12 types of sugars, shell extract-coated and non-coated surfaces, and under varied sugar exposure times. Lectin-glycan interaction effects on settlement and its localization on oyster larval tissues were investigated. The results showed that the conspecific cue elicited a positive concentration dependent settlement inducing trend. Sugars in the absence of a conspecific cue, C. gigas adult shell extract, did not promote settlement. Whereas, in the presence of the cue, showed varied effects, most of which were found inhibitory at different concentrations. Sugar treated larvae exposed for 2 h showed significant settlement inhibition in the presence of a conspecific cue. Neu5Ac, as well as GlcNAc sugars, showed a similar interaction trend with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin. WGA-FITC conjugate showed positive binding on the foot, velum, and mantle when exposed to GlcNAc sugars. This study suggests that a WGA lectin-like receptor and its endogenous ligand are both found in the larval chemoreceptors and the shell Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) extract that may complementarily work together to allow the oyster larva greater selectivity during site selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Grace Sedanza
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (H.-J.K.); (A.Y.); (K.Y.); (C.G.S.)
- Institute of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo city 5023, Philippines
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (H.-J.K.); (A.Y.); (K.Y.); (C.G.S.)
| | - Xerxes Seposo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
| | - Asami Yoshida
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (H.-J.K.); (A.Y.); (K.Y.); (C.G.S.)
| | - Kenichi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (H.-J.K.); (A.Y.); (K.Y.); (C.G.S.)
| | - Cyril Glenn Satuito
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (H.-J.K.); (A.Y.); (K.Y.); (C.G.S.)
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Lanzilli M, Esercizio N, Vastano M, Xu Z, Nuzzo G, Gallo C, Manzo E, Fontana A, d’Ippolito G. Effect of Cultivation Parameters on Fermentation and Hydrogen Production in the Phylum Thermotogae. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010341. [PMID: 33396970 PMCID: PMC7795431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The phylum Thermotogae is composed of a single class (Thermotogae), 4 orders (Thermotogales, Kosmotogales, Petrotogales, Mesoaciditogales), 5 families (Thermatogaceae, Fervidobacteriaceae, Kosmotogaceae, Petrotogaceae, Mesoaciditogaceae), and 13 genera. They have been isolated from extremely hot environments whose characteristics are reflected in the metabolic and phenotypic properties of the Thermotogae species. The metabolic versatility of Thermotogae members leads to a pool of high value-added products with application potentials in many industry fields. The low risk of contamination associated with their extreme culture conditions has made most species of the phylum attractive candidates in biotechnological processes. Almost all members of the phylum, especially those in the order Thermotogales, can produce bio-hydrogen from a variety of simple and complex sugars with yields close to the theoretical Thauer limit of 4 mol H2/mol consumed glucose. Acetate, lactate, and L-alanine are the major organic end products. Thermotagae fermentation processes are influenced by various factors, such as hydrogen partial pressure, agitation, gas sparging, culture/headspace ratio, inoculum, pH, temperature, nitrogen sources, sulfur sources, inorganic compounds, metal ions, etc. Optimization of these parameters will help to fully unleash the biotechnological potentials of Thermotogae and promote their applications in industry. This article gives an overview of how these operational parameters could impact Thermotogae fermentation in terms of sugar consumption, hydrogen yields, and organic acids production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariamichela Lanzilli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Nunzia Esercizio
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Marco Vastano
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA;
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Giuliana d’Ippolito
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-8675096
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Choudhuri I, Khanra K, Maity P, Patra A, Maity GN, Pati BR, Nag A, Mondal S, Bhattacharyya N. Structure and biological properties of exopolysaccharide isolated from Citrobacter freundii. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:537-549. [PMID: 33316341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization, antioxidant activity in vitro, cytotoxicity study of an exopolysaccharide isolated from Citrobacter freundii. Firstly, the culture conditions were standardized by the Design of experiments (DoE) based approach, and the final yield of thecrude exopolysaccharide was optimized at 2568 ± 169 mg L-1. One large fraction of exopolysaccharide was obtained from the culture filtrate by size exclusion chromatography and molecular characteristics were studied. A new mannose rich exopolysaccharide (Fraction-I) with average molecular weight ~ 1.34 × 105 Da was isolated. The sugar analysis showed the presence of mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of nearly 7:2 respectively. The structure of the repeating unit in the exopolysaccharide was determined through chemical and 1D/2D- NMR experiments as: Finally, the antioxidant activity, and the cytotoxicity of the exopolysaccharide were investigated and the relationship with molecular properties was discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Choudhuri
- Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India
| | - Kalyani Khanra
- Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India
| | - Prasenjit Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Sabang Sajanikanta Mahavidyalaya, Sabang, Paschim Midnapore, West Bengal PIN-721166, India
| | - Anutosh Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India
| | - Gajendra Nath Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India
| | - Bikas Ranjan Pati
- Dept. of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721102, India
| | - Anish Nag
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru PIN-560029, India
| | - Soumitra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India.
| | - Nandan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India.
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Shi Y, Babatunde A, Bockelmann-Evans B, Li Q, Zhang L. On-going nitrification in chloraminated drinking water distribution system (DWDS) is conditioned by hydraulics and disinfection strategies. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 96:151-162. [PMID: 32819689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Within the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) using chloramine as disinfectant, nitrification caused by nitrifying bacteria is increasingly becoming a concern as it poses a great challenge for maintaining water quality. To investigate efficient control strategies, operational conditions including hydraulic regimes and disinfectant scenarios were controlled within a flow cell experimental facility. Two test phases were conducted to investigate the effects on the extent of nitrification of three flow rates (Q = 2, 6, and 10 L/min) and four disinfection scenarios (total Cl2=1 mg/L, Cl2/NH3-N=3:1; total Cl2=1 mg/L, Cl2/NH3-N=5:1; total Cl2=5 mg/L, Cl2/NH3-N=3:1; and total Cl2=5 mg/L, Cl2/NH3-N=5:1). Physico-chemical parameters and nitrification indicators were monitored during the tests. The characteristics of biofilm extracellular polymetric substance (EPS) were evaluated after the experiment. The main results from the study indicate that nitrification is affected by hydraulic conditions and the process tends to be severe when the fluid flow transforms from laminar to turbulent (2300<Re<4000). Increasing disinfectant concentration and optimizing Cl2/NH3-N mass ratio were found to inhibit nitrification to some extend when the system was running at turbulent condition (Q = 10 L/min, Re = 5535). EPS extracted from biofilm that was established at the flow rate of 6 L/min had greater carbohydrate/protein ratio. Furthermore, several nitrification indicators were evaluated for their prediction efficiency and the results suggest that the change of nitrite, together with total organic carbon (TOC) and turbidity can indicate nitrification potential efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Discipline of Civil Engineering, Cardiff University School of Engineering, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK.
| | - Akintunde Babatunde
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Cardiff University School of Engineering, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK; School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2, 9JT, UK
| | - Bettina Bockelmann-Evans
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Cardiff University School of Engineering, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Qijie Li
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Cardiff University School of Engineering, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Liao N, Pang B, Jin H, Xu X, Yan L, Li H, Shao D, Shi J. Potential of lactic acid bacteria derived polysaccharides for the delivery and controlled release of oral probiotics. J Control Release 2020; 323:110-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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11
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Nanayakkara BS, O'Brien CL, Gordon DM. Phenotypic characteristics contributing to the enhanced growth of Escherichia coli bloom strains. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:817-824. [PMID: 31642169 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During bloom events, Escherichia coli cell counts increase to between 10,000 and 100,000 cfu/100 ml of water. The strains responsible for bloom events belong to E. coli phylogenetic groups A and B1, and all have acquired a capsule from Klebsiella. A pan-genome comparison of phylogroup A E. coli revealed that the ferric citrate uptake system (fecIRABCDE) was overrepresented in phylogroup A bloom strains compared with non-bloom E. coli. A series of experiments were carried out to investigate if the capsule together with ferric citrate uptake system could confer a growth rate advantage on E. coli. Capsulated strains had a growth rate advantage regardless of the media composition and the presence/absence of the fec operon, and they had a shorter lag phase compared with capsule-negative strains. The results suggest that the Klebsiella capsule may facilitate nutrient uptake or utilization by a strain. This, together with the protective roles played by the capsule and the shorter lag phase of capsule-positive strains, may explain why it is only capsule-positive strains that produce elevated counts in response to nutrient influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhie S Nanayakkara
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, RN Robertson Building, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Claire L O'Brien
- Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David M Gordon
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, RN Robertson Building, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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12
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Yan J, Monaco H, Xavier JB. The Ultimate Guide to Bacterial Swarming: An Experimental Model to Study the Evolution of Cooperative Behavior. Annu Rev Microbiol 2019; 73:293-312. [PMID: 31180806 PMCID: PMC7428860 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-120033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cooperation has fascinated biologists since Darwin. How did cooperative behaviors evolve despite the fitness cost to the cooperator? Bacteria have cooperative behaviors that make excellent models to take on this age-old problem from both proximate (molecular) and ultimate (evolutionary) angles. We delve into Pseudomonas aeruginosa swarming, a phenomenon where billions of bacteria move cooperatively across distances of centimeters in a matter of a few hours. Experiments with swarming have unveiled a strategy called metabolic prudence that stabilizes cooperation, have showed the importance of spatial structure, and have revealed a regulatory network that integrates environmental stimuli and direct cooperative behavior, similar to a machine learning algorithm. The study of swarming elucidates more than proximate mechanisms: It exposes ultimate mechanisms valid to all scales, from cells in cancerous tumors to animals in large communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Yan
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Hilary Monaco
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Joao B Xavier
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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Meyer T, Thiour-Mauprivez C, Wisniewski-Dyé F, Kerzaon I, Comte G, Vial L, Lavire C. Ecological Conditions and Molecular Determinants Involved in Agrobacterium Lifestyle in Tumors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:978. [PMID: 31417593 PMCID: PMC6683767 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of pathogenic agents in their natural niches allows for a better understanding of disease persistence and dissemination. Bacteria belonging to the Agrobacterium genus are soil-borne and can colonize the rhizosphere. These bacteria are also well known as phytopathogens as they can cause tumors (crown gall disease) by transferring a DNA region (T-DNA) into a wide range of plants. Most reviews on Agrobacterium are focused on virulence determinants, T-DNA integration, bacterial and plant factors influencing the efficiency of genetic transformation. Recent research papers have focused on the plant tumor environment on the one hand, and genetic traits potentially involved in bacterium-plant interactions on the other hand. The present review gathers current knowledge about the special conditions encountered in the tumor environment along with the Agrobacterium genetic determinants putatively involved in bacterial persistence inside a tumor. By integrating recent metabolomic and transcriptomic studies, we describe how tumors develop and how Agrobacterium can maintain itself in this nutrient-rich but stressful and competitive environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Meyer
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Clémence Thiour-Mauprivez
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environment, Universite de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire de Biodiversite et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR 3579 Sorbonne Universites (UPMC) Paris 6 et CNRS Observatoire Oceanologique, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Kerzaon
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Comte
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ludovic Vial
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Lavire
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Bio-enzymes for inhibition and elimination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 biofilm and their synergistic effect with sodium hypochlorite. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9920. [PMID: 31289312 PMCID: PMC6616338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46363-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most important pathogens worldwide. In this study, three different kinds of enzymes, DNase I, proteinase K and cellulase were evaluated for inhibitory or degrading activity against E. coli O157:H7 biofilm by targeting extracellular DNA, proteins, and cellulose, respectively. The cell number of biofilms formed under proteinase K resulted in a 2.43 log CFU/cm2 reduction with an additional synergistic 3.72 log CFU/cm2 reduction after NaClO post-treatment, while no significant reduction occurred with NaClO treatment alone. It suggests that protein degradation could be a good way to control the biofilm effectively. In preformed biofilms, all enzymes showed a significant reduction of 16.4–36.7% in biofilm matrix in 10-fold diluted media (p < 0.05). The sequential treatment with proteinase K, cellulase, and NaClO showed a significantly higher synergistic inactivation of 2.83 log CFU/cm2 compared to 1.58 log CFU/cm2 in the sequence of cellulase, proteinase K, and NaClO (p < 0.05). It suggests that the sequence of multiple enzymes can make a significant difference in the susceptibility of biofilms to NaClO. This study indicates that the combination of extracellular polymeric substance-degrading enzymes with NaClO could be useful for the efficient control of E. coli O157:H7 biofilms.
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Nanayakkara BS, O'Brien CL, Gordon DM. Diversity and distribution of Klebsiella capsules in Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:107-117. [PMID: 30411512 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
E. coli strains responsible for elevated counts (blooms) in freshwater reservoirs in Australia carry a capsule originating from Klebsiella. The occurrence of Klebsiella capsules in E. coli was about 7% overall and 23 different capsule types were detected. Capsules were observed in strains from phylogroups A, B1 and C, but were absent from phylogroup B2, D, E and F strains. In general, few A, B1 or C lineages were capsule-positive, but when a lineage was encapsulated multiple different capsule types were present. All Klebsiella capsule-positive strains were of serogroups O8, O9 and O89. Regardless of the phylogroup, O9 strains were more likely to be capsule-positive than O8 strains. Given the sequence similarity, it appears that both the capsule region and the O-antigen gene region are transferred to E. coli from Klebsiella as a single block via horizontal gene transfer events. Pan genome analysis indicated that there were only modest differences between encapsulated and non-encapsulated strains belonging to phylogroup A. The possession of a Klebsiella capsule, but not the type of capsule, is likely a key determinant of the bloom status of a strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhie S Nanayakkara
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Claire L O'Brien
- Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David M Gordon
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Del Pozo J, Alonso M, Arciola C, Gonzalez R, Leiva J, Lasa I, Penades J. Biotechnological War against Biofilms. Could Phages Mean the End of Device-Related Infections? Int J Artif Organs 2018; 30:805-12. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880703000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms universally attach to surfaces, resulting in biofilm formation. These biofilms entail a serious problem in daily clinical practice because of the great prevalence of implantable device-related infections. Differences in antibiotic activity against planktonic and sessile bacteria may relate to clinical failures in the treatment of biofilm-related infections (BRI). Bacteriophages have several characteristics that make them potentially attractive therapeutic agents in some selected clinical settings, like for example BRI. They are highly specific and very effective in lysing targeted bacteria, moreover, they appear to be safe for humans. Many studies have shown the potential of phages for the treatment of infectious diseases in plants and animals, including infections with highly drug-resistant bacteria. The therapeutic use of bacteriophages, possibly in combination with antibiotics, may be a valuable approach in BRI. However, many important questions still remain that must be addressed before phages can be endorsed for therapeutic use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Del Pozo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona - Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona - Spain
| | - M. Alonso
- Department of Microbiology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona - Spain
| | - C.R. Arciola
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute of Bologna and Department of Experimental Pathology of the University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
| | - R. Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona - Spain
| | - J. Leiva
- Department of Microbiology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona - Spain
| | - I. Lasa
- Laboratory of Microbial Biofilms, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC, Pamplona - Spain
| | - J. Penades
- Centro Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia - Spain
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Geobacillus and Anoxybacillus spp. from Terrestrial Geothermal Springs Worldwide: Diversity and Biotechnological Applications. EXTREMOPHILES IN EURASIAN ECOSYSTEMS: ECOLOGY, DIVERSITY, AND APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0329-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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How to Succeed in Marketing Marine Natural Products for Nutraceutical, Pharmaceutical and Cosmeceutical Markets. GRAND CHALLENGES IN MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69075-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Agrobacterium exopolysaccharides play a major role in the life of the cell. Exopolysaccharides are required for bacterial growth as a biofilm and they protect the bacteria against environmental stresses. Five of the exopolysaccharides made by A. tumefaciens have been characterized extensively with respect to their structure, synthesis, regulation, and role in the life of the bacteria. These are cyclic-β-(1, 2)-glucan, cellulose, curdlan, succinoglycan, and the unipolar polysaccharide (UPP). This chapter describes the structure, synthesis, regulation, and function of these five exopolysaccharides.
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Tansel B. Morphology, composition and aggregation mechanisms of soft bioflocs in marine snow and activated sludge: A comparative review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 205:231-243. [PMID: 28987986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conditions that lead to marine snow formation and aggregates that constitute the marine snow have similarities with the soft bioflocs that form during wastewater treatment by activated sludge process. Analysis of the conditions and similarities of the soft bioflocs in these two aquatic environments provide insight for the processes that lead to formation and growth of hydrated aggregates consisting of both living and nonliving particles, their chemical and biolocial composition, settling/suspension behavior, and contributing factors for their structure and morphology. This literature review provides a comparative analysis of the soft aggregates that form in marine and wastewater environments to characterize the conditions for formation and growth of highly hydrated aggregates consisting of microorganisms, suspended solids and large molecules. The marine snow and bioflocs that form in wastewater are visually similar and even contain microorganisms that are of similar type (i.e., Zoogloea, filamentous bacteria). During wastewater treatment, the microorganisms are not stressed and exopolymeric substances (EPS) produced have shorter molecules and higher protein content while EPS produced by the marine organisms are significantly larger in molecular size (by orders of magnitude) and have higher carbohydrate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Tansel
- Florida International University, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Miami, FL, USA.
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Techaruvichit P, Takahashi H, Kuda T, Miya S, Keeratipibul S, Kimura B. Adaptation of Campylobacter jejuni to biocides used in the food industry affects biofilm structure, adhesion strength, and cross-resistance to clinical antimicrobial compounds. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:827-839. [PMID: 27353218 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1198476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of biocide-adapted Campylobacter jejuni strains that developed into biofilms and their potential to develop clinical resistance to antimicrobial compounds was studied. C. jejuni was grown in sub-lethal concentrations of five biocides used in the food industry. C. jejuni exhibited adaptation to these biocides with increased minimum inhibitory concentrations. The 3-D structures of the biofilms produced by the biocide-adapted cells were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results revealed marked variability in biofilm architecture, including ice-crystal-like structures. Adaptation to the biocides enhanced biofilm formation, with significant increases in biovolume, surface coverage, roughness, and the surface adhesion force of the biofilms. Adaptation to commercial biocides induced resistance to kanamycin and streptomycin. This study suggests that the inappropriate use of biocides may lead to cells being exposed to them at sub-lethal concentrations, which can result in adaptation of the pathogens to the biocides and a subsequent risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnida Techaruvichit
- a Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Science , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hajime Takahashi
- a Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Science , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takashi Kuda
- a Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Science , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Satoko Miya
- a Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Science , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Suwimon Keeratipibul
- b Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
- c Molecular Sensory Science Center, Faculty of Science , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Bon Kimura
- a Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Science , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
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Owusu-Kwarteng J, Tano-Debrah K, Akabanda F, Jespersen L. Technological properties and probiotic potential of Lactobacillus fermentum strains isolated from West African fermented millet dough. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:261. [PMID: 26560346 PMCID: PMC4642623 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout Africa, food fermentations are still driven by indigenous microorganisms which influence the nutritional, organoleptic and safety of the final products. However, for improved safety, consistent quality and beneficial health effects, a trend has emerged which involves the isolation of indigenous strains from traditional fermented products to be used as functional starter cultures. These functional starter cultures possess inherent functional characteristics and can contribute to food quality and safety by offering one or more organoleptic, nutritional, technological or health advantage (probiotics). With the aim of selecting potential probiotic starter cultures, Lactobacillus fermentum strains isolated from fermented millet dough were investigated for technological properties and probiotic traits in-vitro. RESULTS A total of 176 L. fermentum strains were assessed for technological properties including rate of acidification, exopolysaccharide production and amylase activity. Following this, 48 strains showing desirable technological properties were first screened for acid resistance. Sixteen acid resistant strains were assessed for additional probiotic properties including resistance to bile salts, bile salt hydrolysis, antimicrobial property, haemolysis and antibiotics resistance. L. fermentum strains clustered into 3 groups represented by 36 %, 47 % and 17 % as fast, medium and slow acidifiers respectively. About 8 %, 78 % and 14 % of the strains showed strong, weak and no exopolysaccharides production respectively. Amylase activity was generally weak or not detected. After exposure of 48 L. fermentum strains to pH 2.5 for 4 h, 16 strains were considered to be acid resistant. All 16 strains were resistant to bile salt. Four strains demonstrated bile salt hydrolysis. Antimicrobial activity was observed towards Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus but not E. coli and Salmonella enteritidis. Lactobacillus fermentum strains were generally susceptible to antibiotics except 6 strains which showed resistance towards streptomycin, gentamicin and kanamycin. CONCLUSION In vitro determination of technological and probiotic properties have shown strain specific difference among L. fermentum strains isolated from fermented millet dough. Sixteen (16) L. fermentum strains have been shown to possess desirable technological and probiotic characteristics in vitro. These strains are therefore good candidates for further studies to elucidate their full potential and possible application as novel probiotic starter cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Owusu-Kwarteng
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box 24, Navrongo Campus, Navrongo, Ghana.
| | - Kwaku Tano-Debrah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, P. O. Box 134, Legon-Accra, Ghana.
| | - Fortune Akabanda
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box 24, Navrongo Campus, Navrongo, Ghana.
| | - Lene Jespersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Heilmann S, Krishna S, Kerr B. Why do bacteria regulate public goods by quorum sensing?-How the shapes of cost and benefit functions determine the form of optimal regulation. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:767. [PMID: 26284049 PMCID: PMC4517451 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria secrete compounds which act as public goods. Such compounds are often under quorum sensing (QS) regulation, yet it is not understood exactly when bacteria may gain from having a public good under QS regulation. Here, we show that the optimal public good production rate per cell as a function of population size (the optimal production curve, OPC) depends crucially on the cost and benefit functions of the public good and that the OPC will fall into one of two categories: Either it is continuous or it jumps from zero discontinuously at a critical population size. If, e.g., the public good has accelerating returns and linear cost, then the OPC is discontinuous and the best strategy thus to ramp up production sharply at a precise population size. By using the example of public goods with accelerating and diminishing returns (and linear cost) we are able to determine how the two different categories of OPSs can best be matched by production regulated through a QS signal feeding back on its own production. We find that the optimal QS parameters are different for the two categories and specifically that public goods which provide accelerating returns, call for stronger positive signal feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Heilmann
- Computational Biology, Xavier lab, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandeep Krishna
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines Bangalore, India
| | - Benjamin Kerr
- Department of Biology, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
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Örmälä-Odegrip AM, Ojala V, Hiltunen T, Zhang J, Bamford JKH, Laakso J. Protist predation can select for bacteria with lowered susceptibility to infection by lytic phages. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:81. [PMID: 25947228 PMCID: PMC4425896 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumer-resource interactions constitute one of the most common types of interspecific antagonistic interaction. In natural communities, complex species interactions are likely to affect the outcomes of reciprocal co-evolution between consumers and their resource species. Individuals face multiple enemies simultaneously, and consequently they need to adapt to several different types of enemy pressures. In this study, we assessed how protist predation affects the susceptibility of bacterial populations to infection by viral parasites, and whether there is an associated cost of defence on the competitive ability of the bacteria. As a study system we used Serratia marcescens and its lytic bacteriophage, along with two bacteriovorous protists with distinct feeding modes: Tetrahymena thermophila (particle feeder) and Acanthamoeba castellanii (surface feeder). The results were further confirmed with another study system with Pseudomonas and Tetrahymena thermophila. RESULTS We found that selection by protist predators lowered the susceptibility to infections by lytic phages in Serratia and Pseudomonas. In Serratia, concurrent selection by phages and protists led to lowered susceptibility to phage infections and this effect was independent from whether the bacteria shared a co-evolutionary history with the phage population or not. Bacteria that had evolved with phages were overall more susceptible to phage infection (compared to bacteria with history with multiple enemies) but they were less vulnerable to the phages they had co-evolved with than ancestral phages. Selection by bacterial enemies was costly in general and was seen as a lowered fitness in absence of phages, measured as a biomass yield. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the significance of multiple species interactions on pairwise consumer-resource interaction, and suggest potential overlap in defending against predatory and parasitic enemies in microbial consumer-resource communities. Ultimately, our results could have larger scale effects on eco-evolutionary community dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni-Maria Örmälä-Odegrip
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box, 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland. .,Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ville Ojala
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box, 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Teppo Hiltunen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences/Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box, 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland. .,Department of Food and Environmental Sciences/Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jaana K H Bamford
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box, 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Jouni Laakso
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box, 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland. .,Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Dertli E, Mayer MJ, Narbad A. Impact of the exopolysaccharide layer on biofilms, adhesion and resistance to stress in Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:8. [PMID: 25648083 PMCID: PMC4326364 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacterial cell surface is a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions. Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 produces an exopolysaccharide (EPS) layer whose quantity and composition is altered in mutants that harbour genetic changes in their eps gene clusters. We have assessed the effect of changes in EPS production on cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens. RESULTS Analysis of physicochemical cell surface characteristics reflected by Zeta potential and adhesion to hexadecane showed that an increase in EPS gave a less negative, more hydrophilic surface and reduced autoaggregation. Autoaggregation was significantly higher in mutants that have reduced EPS, indicating that EPS can mask surface structures responsible for cell-cell interactions. EPS also affected biofilm formation, but here the quantity of EPS produced was not the only determinant. A reduction in EPS production increased bacterial adhesion to chicken gut explants, but made the bacteria less able to survive some stresses. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Dertli
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK. .,Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey.
| | - Melinda J Mayer
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
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Uzum Z, Silipo A, Lackner G, De Felice A, Molinaro A, Hertweck C. Structure, Genetics and Function of an Exopolysaccharide Produced by a Bacterium Living within Fungal Hyphae. Chembiochem 2014; 16:387-92. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Silva AKA, Letourneur D, Chauvierre C. Polysaccharide nanosystems for future progress in cardiovascular pathologies. Theranostics 2014; 4:579-91. [PMID: 24723980 PMCID: PMC3982129 DOI: 10.7150/thno.7688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides have received a lot of attention in the biomedical field. Indeed, sources of polysaccharides, extracted or produced from plants, bacteria, fungi or algae, are diverse and renewable. Moreover, recent progresses in polysaccharide chemistry and nanotechnologies allow elaborating new dedicated nanosystems. Polysaccharide-based nanosystems may be designed for interacting in several biological processes. In particular, the atherothrombotic pathology is highly concerned by polysaccharide-mediated recognition. Atherothrombotic diseases, regardless of the anatomical localization, remain the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world. This review intends to provide an overview on polysaccharide-based nanosystems as drug delivery systems and targeted contrast agents for molecular imaging with an emphasis on the treatment and imaging of cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cédric Chauvierre
- Inserm, U698, Cardiovascular Bio-Engineering; X. Bichat hospital, 46 rue H. Huchard, F-75018, Paris, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93430, Villetaneuse, France
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Physicochemical properties and membrane biofouling of extra-cellular polysaccharide produced by a Micrococcus luteus strain. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:2025-31. [PMID: 24578182 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of the extra-cellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by a Micrococcus luteus strain, a dominating strain isolated from membrane biofouling layer, were determined in this study. The EPS isolated from this strain was measured to have an average molecular weight of 63,540 Da and some typical polysaccharide absorption peaks in Fourier transform infrared spectrum. Monosaccharide components of the EPS contained rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose in a molar ratio of 0.2074:0.0454:0.0262:0.0446:1.7942:1.2086:0.4578. Pseudo plastic properties were also observed for the EPS through the rheological measurement. The EPS was further characterized for its behavior to cause membrane flux decline. The results showed that both flux declines for polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) and polypropylene membranes became more severe as EPS feed concentration increased. A higher irreversible fouling for the PVDF membrane suggested that the EPS had the larger fouling potential to this microfiltration membrane.
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29
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Martins A, Vieira H, Gaspar H, Santos S. Marketed marine natural products in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries: tips for success. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:1066-101. [PMID: 24549205 PMCID: PMC3944531 DOI: 10.3390/md12021066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment harbors a number of macro and micro organisms that have developed unique metabolic abilities to ensure their survival in diverse and hostile habitats, resulting in the biosynthesis of an array of secondary metabolites with specific activities. Several of these metabolites are high-value commercial products for the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries. The aim of this review is to outline the paths of marine natural products discovery and development, with a special focus on the compounds that successfully reached the market and particularly looking at the approaches tackled by the pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies that succeeded in marketing those products. The main challenges faced during marine bioactives discovery and development programs were analyzed and grouped in three categories: biodiversity (accessibility to marine resources and efficient screening), supply and technical (sustainable production of the bioactives and knowledge of the mechanism of action) and market (processes, costs, partnerships and marketing). Tips to surpass these challenges are given in order to improve the market entry success rates of highly promising marine bioactives in the current pipelines, highlighting what can be learned from the successful and unsuccessful stories that can be applied to novel and/or ongoing marine natural products discovery and development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martins
- BIOALVO, S.A., Tec Labs Centro de Inovação, Campus da FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Helena Vieira
- BIOALVO, S.A., Tec Labs Centro de Inovação, Campus da FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Helena Gaspar
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB) and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica (DQB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Susana Santos
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB) and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica (DQB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
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Manivasagan P, Kim SK. Extracellular polysaccharides produced by marine bacteria. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2014; 72:79-94. [PMID: 25081078 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800269-8.00005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by microorganisms are a complex mixture of biopolymers primarily consisting of polysaccharides, as well as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and humic substances. Microbial polysaccharides are multifunctional and can be divided into intracellular polysaccharides, structural polysaccharides, and extracellular polysaccharides or exopolysaccharides. Recent advances in biological techniques allow high levels of polysaccharides of interest to be produced in vitro. Biotechnology is a powerful tool to obtain polysaccharides from a variety of marine microorganisms, by controlling the growth conditions in a bioreactor while tailoring the production of biologically active compounds. The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of current knowledge on extracellular polysaccharides producing marine bacteria isolated from marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchanathan Manivasagan
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine-bio Convergence Science, Specialized Graduate School Science and Technology Convergence, Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
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31
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Structural and immunological studies of an exopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter junii BB1A. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:188-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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de Alexandre Sebastião F, Pilarski F, Lemos MVF. Composition of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) produced by Flavobacterium columnare isolated from tropical fish in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:861-4. [PMID: 24516426 PMCID: PMC3910201 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty nine isolates of Flavobacterium columnare from Brazilian fish farms had their carbohydrate composition of EPS evaluated by high efficiency liquid chromatography, using the phenol-sulfuric acid method of EPS. The occurrence of capsules on F. columnare cells was not directly related to biofilm formation, and the predominant monosaccharide is glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Alexandre Sebastião
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Pilarski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. ; Centro de Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Victor Franco Lemos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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33
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Effect of pH, salt and chemical rinses on bacterial attachment to extracellular matrix proteins. Food Microbiol 2013; 34:369-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Structural data on a bacterial exopolysaccharide produced by a deep-sea Alteromonas macleodii strain. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Le Costaouëc T, Cérantola S, Ropartz D, Ratiskol J, Sinquin C, Colliec-Jouault S, Boisset C. Structural data on a bacterial exopolysaccharide produced by a deep-sea Alteromonas macleodii strain. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.059 pmid: 2475100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Zulfakar SS, White JD, Ross T, Tamplin ML. Bacterial attachment to immobilized extracellular matrix proteins in vitro. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 157:210-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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37
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Contribution of surface β-glucan polysaccharide to physicochemical and immunomodulatory properties of Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:1765-75. [PMID: 22247154 DOI: 10.1128/aem.07027-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a bacterial species found in Swiss-type cheeses and is also considered for its health properties. The main claimed effect is the bifidogenic property. Some strains were shown recently to display other interesting probiotic potentialities such as anti-inflammatory properties. About 30% of strains were shown to produce a surface exopolysaccharide (EPS) composed of (1→3,1→2)-β-D-glucan due to a single gene named gtfF. We hypothesized that functional properties of P. freudenreichii strains, including their anti-inflammatory properties, could be linked to the presence of β-glucan. To evaluate this hypothesis, gtfF genes of three β-glucan-producing strains were disrupted. These knockout (KO) mutants were complemented with a plasmid harboring gtfF (KO-C mutants). The absence of β-glucan in KO mutants was verified by immunological detection and transmission electron microscopy. We observed by atomic force microscopy that the absence of β-glucan in the KO mutant dramatically changed the cell's topography. The capacity to adhere to polystyrene surface was increased for the KO mutants compared to wild-type (WT) strains. Anti-inflammatory properties of WT strains and mutants were analyzed by stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). A significant increase of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 cytokine production by PBMCs was measured in the KO mutants compared to WT strains. For one strain, the role of β-glucan in mice gut persistence was assessed, and no significant difference was observed between the WT strain and its KO mutant. Thus, β-glucan appears to partly hide the anti-inflammatory properties of P. freudenreichii; which is an important result for the selection of probiotic strains.
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Poli A, Anzelmo G, Tommonaro G, Pavlova K, Casaburi A, Nicolaus B. Production and chemical characterization of an exopolysaccharide synthesized by psychrophilic yeast strain Sporobolomyces salmonicolor AL1 isolated from Livingston Island, Antarctica. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2011; 55:576-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-010-0092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Guézennec J, Moppert X, Raguénès G, Richert L, Costa B, Simon-Colin C. Microbial mats in French Polynesia and their biotechnological applications. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Tango MSA, Islam MR. Potential of Extremophiles for Biotechnological and Petroleum Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00908310290086554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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41
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Marine polysaccharides in pharmaceutical applications: an overview. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:2435-65. [PMID: 20948899 PMCID: PMC2953395 DOI: 10.3390/md8092435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The enormous variety of polysaccharides that can be extracted from marine plants and animal organisms or produced by marine bacteria means that the field of marine polysaccharides is constantly evolving. Recent advances in biological techniques allow high levels of polysaccharides of interest to be produced in vitro. Biotechnology is a powerful tool to obtain polysaccharides from a variety of micro-organisms, by controlling the growth conditions in a bioreactor while tailoring the production of biologically active compounds. Following an overview of the current knowledge on marine polysaccharides, with special attention to potential pharmaceutical applications and to more recent progress on the discovering of new polysaccharides with biological appealing characteristics, this review will focus on possible strategies for chemical or physical modification aimed to tailor the final properties of interest.
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42
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Fukuda K, Shi T, Nagami K, Leo F, Nakamura T, Yasuda K, Senda A, Motoshima H, Urashima T. Effects of carbohydrate source on physicochemical properties of the exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus fermentum TDS030603 in a chemically defined medium. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Influence of plasmid pO157 on Escherichia coli O157:H7 Sakai biofilm formation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 76:963-6. [PMID: 19966025 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01068-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of plasmid pO157 in biofilm formation was investigated using wild-type and pO157-cured Escherichia coli O157:H7 Sakai. Compared to the wild type, the biofilm formed by the pO157-cured mutant produced fewer extracellular carbohydrates, had lower viscosity, and did not give rise to colony morphology variants that hyperadhered to solid surfaces.
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44
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Feng L, Li X, Du G, Chen J. Characterization and fouling properties of exopolysaccharide produced by Klebsiella oxytoca. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:3387-3394. [PMID: 19297149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella oxytoca produced a type of exopolysaccharide (EPS) with the average molecular weight (Mw) of 116,018 Da and the average size of 260 nm. The EPS monosaccharide components contained rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose and the molar ratio among them was 0.033:0.0411:0.0147:0.0051:0.2393:0.0986:0.1304. Typical EPS absorption peaks in FT-IR spectrum and pseudoplastic properties were also revealed. The polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) membrane showed a relatively larger flux decline resulted from the EPS fouling. The EPS filtration was dominated by more than one mechanism at the beginning phase and mainly by the cake formation at the later phase for both membranes. The pore blocking resistance had a predominant contribution to the filtration resistance and the cake resistance played a secondary role for both the membranes. The EPS adsorption resulted in a weak membrane fouling. The PVDF membrane exhibited a larger adsorption resistance than the polypropylene (PP) membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Lab of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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45
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Quantification of water and biomass in small colony variant PAO1 biofilms by confocal Raman microspectroscopy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:1171-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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Kambourova M, Mandeva R, Dimova D, Poli A, Nicolaus B, Tommonaro G. Production and characterization of a microbial glucan, synthesized by Geobacillus tepidamans V264 isolated from Bulgarian hot spring. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Investigations into the uptake of copper, iron and selenium by a highly sulphated bacterial exopolysaccharide isolated from microbial mats. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 36:599-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Song JO, Kim TJ, Kim YH. Inhibitory Effect on Rotavirus by Exopolysaccharides Extracted from Kefir. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2007. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2007.27.4.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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49
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Nierop Groot M, Kleerebezem M. Mutational analysis of the Lactococcus lactis NIZO B40 exopolysaccharide (EPS) gene cluster: EPS biosynthesis correlates with unphosphorylated EpsB. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 103:2645-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Ahimou F, Semmens MJ, Haugstad G, Novak PJ. Effect of protein, polysaccharide, and oxygen concentration profiles on biofilm cohesiveness. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:2905-10. [PMID: 17337565 PMCID: PMC1892893 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02420-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to control biofilm cohesiveness to optimize process performance. In this study, a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor inoculated with activated sludge was used to grow mixed-culture biofilms of different ages and thicknesses. The cohesions, or cohesive energy levels per unit volume of biofilm, based on a reproducible method using atomic force microscopy (F. Ahimou, M. J. Semmens, P. J. Novak, and G. Haugstad, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:2897-2904, 2007), were determined at different locations within the depths of the biofilms. In addition, the protein and polysaccharide concentrations within the biofilm depths, as well as the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration profiles within the biofilms, were measured. It was found that biofilm cohesion increased with depth but not with age. Level of biofilm cohesive energy per unit volume was strongly correlated with biofilm polysaccharide concentration, which increased with depth in the membrane-aerated biofilm. In a 12-day-old biofilm, DO also increased with depth and may therefore be linked to polysaccharide production. In contrast, protein concentration was relatively constant within the biofilm and did not appear to influence cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Ahimou
- 3M Medical Division, 3M Center, Building 270-03-N-02, Saint Paul, MN 55144, USA.
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