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Adzigbli L, Sokolov EP, Ponsuksili S, Sokolova IM. Tissue- and substrate-dependent mitochondrial responses to acute hypoxia-reoxygenation stress in a marine bivalve Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793). J Exp Biol 2021; 225:273950. [PMID: 34904172 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major stressor for aquatic organisms, yet intertidal organisms like the oyster Crassostrea gigas are adapted to frequent oxygen fluctuations by metabolically adjusting to shifts in oxygen and substrate availability during hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R). We investigated the effects of acute H/R stress (15 min at ∼0% O2, and 10 min reoxygenation) on isolated mitochondria from the gill and the digestive gland of C. gigas respiring on different substrates (pyruvate, glutamate, succinate, palmitate and their mixtures). Gill mitochondria showed better capacity for amino acid and fatty acid oxidation compared to the mitochondria from the digestive gland. Mitochondrial responses to H/R stress strongly depended on the substrate and the activity state of mitochondria. In mitochondria oxidizing NADH-linked substrates exposure to H/R stress suppressed oxygen consumption and ROS generation in the resting state, whereas in the ADP-stimulated state, ROS production increased despite little change in respiration. As a result, electron leak (measured as H2O2 to O2 ratio) increased after H/R stress in the ADP-stimulated mitochondria with NADH-linked substrates. In contrast, H/R exposure stimulated succinate-driven respiration without an increase in electron leak. Reverse electron transport (RET) did not significantly contribute to succinate-driven ROS production in oyster mitochondria except for a slight increase in the OXPHOS state during post-hypoxic recovery. A decrease in NADH-driven respiration and ROS production, enhanced capacity for succinate oxidation and resistance to RET might assist in post-hypoxic recovery of oysters mitigating oxidative stress and supporting rapid ATP re-synthesis during oxygen fluctuations such as commonly observed in estuaries and intertidal zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Adzigbli
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany.,Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eugene P Sokolov
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Leibniz Science Campus Phosphorus Research, Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Vismann B. Field measurements of filtration and respiration rates inmytilus edulisL. an assessment of methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00364827.1990.10413449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sokolowski A, Wolowicz M, Hummel H. Free amino acids in the clam Macoma balthica L. (Bivalvia, Mollusca) from brackish waters of the southern Baltic Sea. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2003; 134:579-92. [PMID: 12600667 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen acidic and neutral free amino acids (FAA) were investigated in soft tissue of Macoma balthica from different depth zones of the Gulf of Gdansk (Baltic Sea) over a full seasonal cycle. The dry weight of the bivalves and physico-chemical parameters of overlying bottom water and surface sediments were measured simultaneously at each site. In the brackish waters of the Baltic, the main pool of FAA is composed of Ala, Gln, Arg, Gly and Orn which represent approximately 80% of the total. Compared to the full saline environments, the composition of FAA in the clams from the Baltic differs substantially. The differences can be attributed to the lower salinity of the Baltic. In the Baltic, Gly appears to play a most important role in regulating intracellular osmolarity in the clams, a function performed primarily by Tau in Atlantic and North Sea populations. Spatio-temporal variations of the FAA are affected by biotic and environmental parameters; their respective influence differs with the amino acids. The concentration of Arg depends on its uptake from the external medium. However, its level might be temporarily modified by stress-induced metabolic transformation (e.g. hydrolysis to Orn) caused by changes in the ambient environment. The concentration of Ala increases with depth, probably because of physiological adaptations of the animal to diminishing oxygen concentration through anaerobic glucose catabolism. Biosynthesis of Ala, similarly to Gln, in the shallower zone is generally related to the physiological state of an organism. The concentration of Gly is most likely regulated by internal mechanisms driven by gonadal development and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sokolowski
- Laboratory of Estuarine Ecology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. M. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
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McCubbin D, Leonard KS, Bailey TA, Williams J, Tossell P. Incorporation of organic tritium (3H) by marine organisms and sediment in the severn estuary/Bristol channel (UK). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2001; 42:852-863. [PMID: 11693639 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-326x(01)00039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Discharges of tritium (3H) into the Severn estuary/Bristol Channel (UK) arise from the authorized release of wastes from nuclear power plants at Hinkley Point and Berkley/Oldbury and from the Nycomed-Amersham radiochemical plant, via the sewer system, at Cardiff. The wastes from the nuclear power plants probably consist almost entirely of 3H2O, whereas those from the radiochemical plant also include uncharacterized 3H labelled organic compounds. The total 3H concentrations in demersal fish and other benthic organisms in the vicinity of the Cardiff Eastern sewer outfall are significantly elevated compared to those observed around other UK nuclear establishments. Concentrations in filtered seawater were approximately 10 Bq kg(-1) whilst levels in surface sediment, seaweed (Fucus vesiculosis) and mussels (Mytilus edulis)/flounder (Platichthys flesus) were in the order of 6 x 10(2), 2 x 10(3), and 10(5) Bq kg(-1) (dry weight), respectively. Almost all the 3H found in sediment and biota were organically bound tritium (OBT). The high concentration in these materials, relative to that in seawater, is due to the presence of bioavailable organic 3H labelled compounds in the radiochemical waste. It is suggested that bioaccumulation of 3H by benthic organisms and demersal fish occurs primarily via a pathway of physico-chemical sorption/bacterial transformation of dissolved 3H labelled organic compounds into particulate organic matter, and subsequent transfer up a web of sediment dwelling microbes and meiofauna. Variations in 3H accumulation between individual organisms have been interpreted in terms of their different feeding behaviour. Relatively low concentrations were observed in the herbivorous winkle (Littorina littorea) and the pelagic Sprat (Spratus spratus) compared with other benthic organisms and demersal fish. The elevated 3H concentrations in seafood, due to bioaccumulation of OBT, have low radiological significance even for the local critical group of seafood consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D McCubbin
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, CEFAS Lowestoft Laboratory, Suffolk, UK.
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Bjørnsen PK, Riemann B, Pock-Steen J, Nielsen TG, Horsted SJ. Regulation of Bacterioplankton Production and Cell Volume in a Eutrophic Estuary. Appl Environ Microbiol 1989; 55:1512-8. [PMID: 16347945 PMCID: PMC202896 DOI: 10.1128/aem.55.6.1512-1518.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During three periods of 16 to 25 days, bacterioplankton production, bacterial cell volume, chlorophyll
a
, CO
2
assimilation, and particulate organic carbon were measured in enclosures situated in the eutrophic estuary Roskilde Fjord, Denmark. The enclosures were manipulated with respect to sediment contact and contents of inorganic nutrients, planktivorous fish, and suspension-feeding bivalves. Nutrient enrichment, the presence of suspension feeders, and sediment contact induced pronounced changes in bacterial production, as well as minor changes in bacterial cell volume; however, these effects seemed to be indirect, transmitted via phytoplankton. Bacterial production, measured as [
3
H]thymidine incorporation, closely followed changes in phytoplankton biomass and production, with time lags of 5 to 10 days. Good correlations of mean bacterioplankton production to chlorophyll
a
concentration and CO
2
assimilation suggested phytoplankton to be the dominating source of bacterial substrate, apparently independent of nutrient stress. Zooplankton >140 μm, bivalves, and sediment seemed to provide insignificant, if any, substrate for bacterioplankton, and benthic suspension feeders seemed not to act as direct competitors for dissolved organic carbon. The bacterioplankton mean cell volume, measured by image analysis, changed seasonally, with the smallest cells during the summer. Within each period, the bacterial cell volume correlated positively to growth rate and negatively to temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Bjørnsen
- Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingør, The International Agency for C Determination, The Water Quality Institute, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Freshwater Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, DK-3400 Hillerød, and Danish Institute for Fisheries and Marine Research, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark
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Pajor AM, Wright SH. Uptake of lysine and proline via separate alpha-neutral amino acid transport pathways in Mytilus gill brush border membranes. J Membr Biol 1989; 107:237-47. [PMID: 2497258 DOI: 10.1007/bf01871939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were prepared from the gills of the marine mussel, Mytilus edulis. These membranes contained two distinct pathways for cotransport of Na+ and alpha-neutral amino acids. The major pathway in mussel gill BBMV was the alanine-lysine (AK) pathway, which had a high affinity for alanine and for the cationic amino acid, lysine. The AK pathway was inhibited by nonpolar alpha-neutral amino acids and cationic amino acids, but was not affected by beta-neutral amino acids or imino acids. The kinetics of lysine transport were consistent with a single saturable process, with a Jmax of 550 pmol/mg-min and a Kt of 5 microM. The AK pathway did not have a strict requirement for Na+, and concentrative transport of lysine was seen in the presence of inwardly directed gradients of Li+ and K+, as well as Na+. Harmaline inhibited the transport of lysine in solutions containing either Na+ or K+. The alanine-proline (AP) pathway transported both alanine and proline in mussel gill BBMV. The AP pathway was strongly inhibited by nonpolar alpha-neutral amino acids, proline, and alpha-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (Me-AIB). The kinetics of proline transport were described by a single saturable process, with a Jmax of 180 pmol/mg-min and Kt of 4 microM. In contrast to the AK pathway, the AP pathway appeared to have a strict requirement for Na+. Na+-activation experiments with lysine and proline revealed sigmoid kinetics, indicating that multiple Na+ ions are involved in the transport of these substrates. The transport of both lysine and proline was affected by membrane potential in a manner consistent with electrogenic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Pajor
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724
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Van Duyl F, Kop A. Temporal and lateral fluctuations in production and biomass of bacterioplankton in the western Dutch Wadden Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0077-7579(88)90052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Stephens GC. Epidermal amino acid transport in marine invertebrates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1988; 947:113-38. [PMID: 3278737 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(88)90022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G C Stephens
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine 92717
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Wright SH. Amino acid transport in the gill epithelium of a marine bivalve. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1988; 90:635-41. [PMID: 2902971 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(88)90678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. Amino acid transport across the intestine of bivalve molluscs is reviewed. 2. Transport of alanine or taurine is dependent on the sodium gradient across the intestine. 3. The time course of the uptake of alanine into the brush border membrane vesicles is also sodium dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Wright
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724
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Nutrient Transport Across the Integument of Marine Invertebrates. ADVANCES IN COMPARATIVE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-73375-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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