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Alkali-labile gangliosides. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:269-276. [PMID: 36695939 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The structure and properties of a group of gangliosides modified by mild alkaline treatment are discussed. We will present the occurrence and the structure of gangliosides carrying the N-acetyneuraminic acid O-acetylated in position 9, the Neu5,9Ac2, and of gangliosides carrying a sialic acid that forms a lactone ring. Starting from biochemical data we will discuss the possible biochemical role played by these gangliosides in the processes of cell signaling and maintenance of brain functions.
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Fasanya HO, Dopico PJ, Yeager Z, Fan ZH, Siemann DW. Using a combination of gangliosides and cell surface vimentin as surface biomarkers for isolating osteosarcoma cells in microfluidic devices. J Bone Oncol 2021; 28:100357. [PMID: 33912384 PMCID: PMC8065304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor and the third leading cause of pediatric cancer deaths. Liquid biopsies are an alternative to current diagnostic imaging modalities that can be used to monitor treatment efficacy and the development of metastases. This study addresses the use of novel biomarkers to detect circulating osteosarcoma cells. Procedures Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the relative expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), ganglioside 2 and 3 (GD2/3), and cell surface vimentin (CSV) on a panel of OS cell lines. A microfluidic device was used to affirm the efficacy of GD2/3 and CSV to capture CTCs. Once captured, CTCs on the device are enumerated and the capture efficiency for each marker is measured. Patient samples were captured using the LFAM chip. Results We report the evaluation of GD2, GD3, and CSV as markers for OS cell capture in cell lines and in patient samples. The results of our capture studies correlate with our flow cytometry data and have shown a low capture efficiency of OS cells using EpCAM antibodies, while showing a moderate capture efficiency of OS cells using the GD2, GD3, and CSV antibodies independently. The combination of biomarkers demonstrate a high capture efficiency of approximately 80%. This is further supported by the detection of 1-1.5 CTCs per mL of blood using GD2 + CSV in OS patient samples. Conclusions The combination of GD2 + CSV significantly increased the capture efficacy of OS cells. The detection of CTCs through routine blood sampling may be used clinically for earlier detection of metastases and monitoring the therapeutic effect of treatments in metastatic osteosarcomas.
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Key Words
- CK, Cytokeratin
- CSV, Cell Surface Vimentin
- CTC, Circulating Tumor Cell
- Circulating tumor cells
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- EpCAM, Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule
- GD2, Ganglioside 2
- GD3, Ganglioside 3
- Ganglioside GD2
- Ganglioside GD3
- IHC, Immunohistochemistry
- OS, Osteosarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
- PET, Positron Emission Tomography
- Vimentin
- mL, Milliliter
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrietta O. Fasanya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- College of Medicine MD-PhD Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Corresponding authors at: Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gainesville, FL, USA (Z.H. Fan) Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA (H.O. Fasanya).
| | - Pablo J. Dopico
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zachary Yeager
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Z. Hugh Fan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Corresponding authors at: Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gainesville, FL, USA (Z.H. Fan) Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA (H.O. Fasanya).
| | - Dietmar W. Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Corresponding authors at: Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gainesville, FL, USA (Z.H. Fan) Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA (H.O. Fasanya).
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Abstract
Sialic acids are cytoprotectors, mainly localized on the surface of cell membranes with multiple and outstanding cell biological functions. The history of their structural analysis, occurrence, and functions is fascinating and described in this review. Reports from different researchers on apparently similar substances from a variety of biological materials led to the identification of a 9-carbon monosaccharide, which in 1957 was designated "sialic acid." The most frequently occurring member of the sialic acid family is N-acetylneuraminic acid, followed by N-glycolylneuraminic acid and O-acetylated derivatives, and up to now over about 80 neuraminic acid derivatives have been described. They appeared first in the animal kingdom, ranging from echinoderms up to higher animals, in many microorganisms, and are also expressed in insects, but are absent in higher plants. Sialic acids are masks and ligands and play as such dual roles in biology. Their involvement in immunology and tumor biology, as well as in hereditary diseases, cannot be underestimated. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid is very special, as this sugar cannot be expressed by humans, but is a xenoantigen with pathogenetic potential. Sialidases (neuraminidases), which liberate sialic acids from cellular compounds, had been known from very early on from studies with influenza viruses. Sialyltransferases, which are responsible for the sialylation of glycans and elongation of polysialic acids, are studied because of their significance in development and, for instance, in cancer. As more information about the functions in health and disease is acquired, the use of sialic acids in the treatment of diseases is also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Johannis P Kamerling
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Ganglioside lactones in Minke whale brain were analysed. In order to exclude the possibility of the artificial lactonization of gangliosides during the analytical procedures, lactone species were separated from their parent gangliosides at an early stage by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography using a stepwise elution. Applying the improved method, GM41 lactones were found in grey and white matters of cerebrum and cerebellum, while GD3 monolactone was found only in cerebellar gray matter. The concentration of each ganglioside lactone was one thousandth of the parent ganglioside.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Terabayashi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
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5
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Abstract
Glycosphingolipids are uniquely distinguished amongst the glycoconjugates by the apparently systematic structuring of their ceramide-linked carbohydrate moieties. These often highly complex oligosaccharides provide a structural repertoire that may vary considerably according to cell types and animal species. However, as a possible reflection of their specific functional role in the central nervous system, the brain glycosphingolipids of all vertebrates follow the same principles of carbohydrate structuring with only minor variations: the anabolically early addition of sialic acid to lactosylceramide (Gal beta 4Glc beta Cer-->NeuAc alpha 3Gal beta 4Glc beta Cer) in central nervous tissue results in the preferential formation of 'gangliosides', i.e., sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. Higher gangliosides result from extensions of sialo-lactosylceramide by addition of nucleotide-activated monosaccharides. In consequence, gangliosides of the vertebrate central nervous system consist of ceramide-linked sialo-oligosaccharides of varying chain length with a ganglio-series core carbohydrate, i.e., GalNAc beta 4Gal beta 3GalNAc beta 4Gal beta 4Glc beta < 0. Substitution by mono-, bis-, or tris-sialo-groups may variably be at the galactoside- and N-acetylgalactosaminide residues in 3- and 6-positions of the ganglio-series oligosaccharides, respectively. Ganglioside, which is derived by sialylation of galactosylceramide, NeuAc alpha 3Gal beta Cer, is a characteristic constituent of glial cells. In nerve tissue, gangliosides of the lacto-(Gal beta(3GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta)n4Glc beta <) and the neolacto-series (Gal beta(4GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta)n4Glc <) are more characteristic of vertebrate peripheral nerves and neuroectoderm-derived tumours. Recent studies using monoclonal antibodies have revealed that various single ganglioside components are specifically distributed in nervous tissues. This finding adds a new dimension to the earlier notion that gangliosides are involved in membrane related phenomena including cell to cell interactions, as well as, the modulation of signalling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wiegandt
- Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
The minimum energy conformations of the four sterically reasonable SLe(x) and SLe(a) lactones were calculated using the molecular mechanics force-field MM2(91). The tetrasaccharide lactone involving the 3- and 2-position of the Gal moiety was found to be more stable than the 3,4-lactone both for SLe(x) and SLe(a).
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ellervik
- Lund Institute of Technology, University of Lund, Sweden
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7
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Terabayashi T, Tsuda M, Kawanishi Y. The characteristic negative Cotton effect of ganglioside lactones observed by circular dichroism spectrometry. Anal Biochem 1992; 204:15-21. [PMID: 1514681 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(92)90132-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Circular dichroism spectrometry was applied to gangliosides and their lactones and revealed that the lactones have a characteristic strong negative Cotton effect around 235 nm. Four monolactones and two dilactones, which were formed from GM4, GD3, and GD1b, gave molar ellipticities at the wavelength in magnitude of 10(4), while their parent gangliosides, along with other gangliosides such as GM3, GM1, GD1a, GT1b, and GQ1b, showed no distinct feature. Two ganglioside esters, GM4-methyl ester and O-Ac-GT1b did not show the Cotton effect. The molar ellipticities had an additivity with respect to the number of lactone rings. The Cotton effect was attributed to the carbonyl group on the lactone ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Terabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Bouchon B, Levery SB, Clausen H, Hakomori S. Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody (BBH5) directed to ganglioside lactone. Glycoconj J 1992; 9:27-38. [PMID: 1392563 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of lactones in various ganglioside preparations has been clearly demonstrated, yet the natural occurrence of ganglioside lactones in cells and tissues has been the subject of long debate, since lactones can be formed readily during preparation of gangliosides. We now report the generation of monoclonal antibody (BBH5) that reacts specifically with lactones of disialogangliosides having the NeuAc2-8NeuAc2-3Gal sequence, but does not crossreact with the parent ganglioside. The specificity of the antibody resides on the first lactone ring between two sialic acid residues but not on the second lactone ring between sialic acid and galactose, as evidenced by reactivity with lactonized GD1b having the first lactone ring (L1), and by reactivity with lactonized polysialic acid homo-oligomers ([NeuAc alpha 2-8]nNeuAc). The sialic acid carboxyl involved in the lactone ring was unequivocally determined after ammonolysis followed by methylation and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The antibody BBH5 thus provides a novel tool for studies of the natural occurrence of lactones in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bouchon
- Biomembrane Institute, Seattle, WA 98119
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Levery SB, Salyan ME, Roberts CE, Bouchon B, Hakomori S. Strategies for characterization of ganglioside inner esters. I--Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. BIOMEDICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 1990; 19:303-10. [PMID: 2340365 DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200190505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A comparison of old and new fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometric strategies for characterization of ganglioside inner esters (lactones) is presented. Data obtained for lactones of GD3 (NeuAc alpha 2----8NeuAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1Cer) using negative ion FAB mass spectrometry of underivatized materials, negative ion FAB mass spectrometry following ammonolysis, and positive ion FAB mass spectrometry following ammonolysis and permethylation are presented and discussed. The latter method uses well-known reactions to produce a novel type of ganglioside derivative, highly amenable to analysis by positive ion FAB mass spectrometry, which is introduced to simplify unambiguous location of NeuAc residues involved in ester linkages to other sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Levery
- Biomembrane Institute, Seattle, Washington 98119
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10
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Levery SB, Roberts CE, Salyan MEK, Bouchon B, Hakomori SI. Strategies for characterization of ganglioside inner esters II—gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200190506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Bassi R, Riboni L, Sonnino S, Tettamanti G. Lactonization of GD1b ganglioside under acidic conditions. Carbohydr Res 1989; 193:141-6. [PMID: 2611779 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(89)85113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides that contain the disialosyl residue alpha-Neu5Ac-(2--8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2--3)- can lactonize in the presence of traces of acid and this reaction has been studied in detail on GD1b [beta-Gal-(1--3)-beta-GalNAc-(1 --4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2--8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2 --3)]-beta-Gal-(1--4)-beta-Glc-1--1)-Cer]. Lactonization occurs rapidly at a proton-ganglioside molar ratio of less than 1. At equilibrium, the ratio of GD1b to its lactone is 3:7. The data suggest the possibility that a proton-driven lactonization of gangliosides may occur in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bassi
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Milan, Italy
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12
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Levery SB, Roberts CE, Salyan ME, Hakomori S. A novel strategy for unambiguous determination of inner esterification sites of ganglioside lactones. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 162:838-45. [PMID: 2757642 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)92386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A method is described which is suitable for protection of all free hydroxyl groups of a glycosphingolipid under conditions which will not cleave ester linkages, including inner ester linkages characteristic of ganglioside lactones. The protecting methoxyethoxymethyl group is stable in alkaline media, surviving permethylation procedures which introduce a methyl ether at all sites previously acylated. Hydrolysis, reduction, and acetylation then yield alditol acetate derivatives which can be analyzed by conventional GC-MS to locate the methyl ether groups. The method is used to locate the inner esterification site of GM3 lactone.
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Preparation and use of synthetic cell culture surfaces. A new reagent for the covalent immobilization of proteins and glycoproteins on a nonionic inert matrix. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)83939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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14
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Sonnino S, Ghidoni R, Chigorno V, Masserini M, Tettamanti G. Recognition by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography and densitometric quantification of alkali-labile gangliosides from the brain of different animals. Anal Biochem 1983; 128:104-14. [PMID: 6846788 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for recognition and quantification of alkali-labile gangliosides is described. The method was worked out using authentic alkali-labile gangliosides in pure form (9-O-Ac-GT1b; 9-O-Ac-GQ 1b; lactone form of GD 1b) and applied to ganglioside mixtures from the brain of mouse, rat, rabbit, pig, and pigeon. The method consists of two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on silica gel high-performance thin-layer chromatography plates employing the same solvent, chloroform/methanol/0.2% aqueous CaCl2, 50/40/10, for both runs. Prior to the second run the plate is exposed at room temperature for 5 h to ammonia vapors in order to split alkali-labile linkages. At the end of chromatography alkali-stable gangliosides appear lined along a diagonal starting from the origin; the spots corresponding to alkali-labile gangliosides lie out of the diagonal and can be individually detected and quantified on the basis of their sialic acid content. Up to 15 different spots, corresponding to as many alkali-labile gangliosides, can be recognized by this procedure.
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15
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Gatt S, Gazit B, Cestaro B, Barenholz Y. Hydrolysis of gangliosides in micellar and liposomal dispersion by bacterial neuraminidases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1980; 125:137-46. [PMID: 6244720 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7844-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous dispersions of pure gangliosides contain micelles of these compounds. In this dispersion state, the rates of hydrolysis of the neuraminyl residues by bacterial neuraminidases are slowest. Incorporation of gangliosides into mixed dispersion with other lipids or into mixed micelles with bile salts considerably increases the reaction rates. The greatest reaction rates are obtained when di- or trisialogangliosides are incorporated into unilamellar vesicles of lecithin or sphingomyelin.
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Duffard RO, Fishman PH, Bradley RM, Lauter CJ, Brady RO, Trams EG. Ganglioside composition and biosynthesis in cultred cells derived from CNS. J Neurochem 1977; 28:1161-6. [PMID: 406360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb12304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Yates AJ, Wherrett JR. Changes in the sciatic nerve of the rabbit and its tissue constituents during development. J Neurochem 1974; 23:993-1003. [PMID: 4436685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb10751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Harris JU, Klingman JD. Detection, determination, and metabolism in vitro of gangliosides in mammalian sympathetic ganglia. J Neurochem 1972; 19:1267-78. [PMID: 5025125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb01452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hildebrand J, Stryckmans PA, Vanhouche J. Gangliosides in leukemic and non-leukemic human leukocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 260:272-8. [PMID: 4501620 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(72)90038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hamberger A, Svennerholm L. Composition of gangliosides and phospholipids of neuronal and glial cell enriched fractions. J Neurochem 1971; 18:1821-9. [PMID: 5118336 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1971.tb09587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Brunngraber EG, Brown BD, Hof H. Determination of gangliosides, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans in brain tissue. Clin Chim Acta 1971; 32:159-70. [PMID: 4256384 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(71)90328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Tettamanti G. Brain Gangliosides in Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7236-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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WIEGANDT HERBERT. Glycosphingolipids1 1The survey of the literature pertaining to this review was essentially concluded in May 1970. The nomenclature is mostly in accordance with the tentative rules of the IUPAC-IUB commission. ADVANCES IN LIPID RESEARCH 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-024909-1.50012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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25
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Callahan JW, Pinsky L, Wolfe LS. G M1 -gangliosidosis (Type II): studies on a fibroblast cell strain. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE 1970; 4:295-316. [PMID: 4257450 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2944(70)90056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/enzymology
- Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/metabolism
- Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/pathology
- Carbon Isotopes
- Child, Preschool
- Chromatography
- Chromatography, Gel
- Chromatography, Thin Layer
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Galactose/metabolism
- Galactosidases/biosynthesis
- Gangliosides/biosynthesis
- Glucosamine/metabolism
- Glycolipids/biosynthesis
- Glycosaminoglycans/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/enzymology
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/pathology
- Skin/enzymology
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin/pathology
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Wiegandt H, Bücking HW. Carbohydrate components of extraneuronal gangliosides from bovine and human spleen, and bovine kidney. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 15:287-92. [PMID: 5502663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb01006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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27
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Palo J, Saifer A. The amino acid composition of gray matter ganglioside-peptides of normal human and Tay-Sachs brains. Clin Chim Acta 1970; 27:481-90. [PMID: 5435229 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(70)90302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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29
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Handa S, Burton RM. Biosynthesis of glycolipids: incorporation of N-acetyl galactosamine by a rat brain particulate preparation. Lipids 1969; 4:589-98. [PMID: 5367943 DOI: 10.1007/bf02531046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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30
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Puro K, Maury P, Huttunen JK. Qualitative and quantitative patterns of gangliosides in extraneural tissues. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 187:230-5. [PMID: 5822411 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Sandhoff K, Jatzkewitz H, Peters G. [Infantile amaurotic idiocy and related forms as ganglioside storage diseases]. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1969; 56:356-62. [PMID: 5360899 DOI: 10.1007/bf00596925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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32
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33
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34
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Huttunen JK, Miettinen TA. Quantitative determination of urinary neuraminyl oligosaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 1969; 29:441-58. [PMID: 5791468 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(69)90329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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35
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36
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37
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Halaris A, Jatzkewitz H. Electron histochemical demonstration of gangliosides in normal and Tay-Sachs brain tissue. Acta Neuropathol 1969; 13:157-68. [PMID: 4185163 DOI: 10.1007/bf00687028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Gielen W. [Occurrence and biological significance of neuraminic acid]. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1968; 55:104-9. [PMID: 4883363 DOI: 10.1007/bf00624236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Bernheimer H. [Gangliosides in the cerebrospinal fluid and the Tay-Sachs disease]. KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 1968; 46:258-61. [PMID: 5697854 DOI: 10.1007/bf01770882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Diebold K, Häfner H, Vogel F, Schalt E. [The myoclonic variants of familial amaurotic idiocy]. HUMANGENETIK 1968; 5:119-64. [PMID: 5662647 DOI: 10.1007/bf00278672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Frohwein YZ, Gatt S. Enzymatic hydrolysis of sphingolipids. VI. Hydrolysis of ceramide glycosides by calf brain beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase. Biochemistry 1967; 6:2783-7. [PMID: 6069711 DOI: 10.1021/bi00861a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Spence MW, Wolfe LS. Gangliosides in developing rat brain. Isolation and composition of subcellular membranes enriched in gangliosides. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1967; 45:671-88. [PMID: 6035136 DOI: 10.1139/o67-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurones in the central nervous system of vertebrates contain considerable amounts of a complex group of acidic glycosphingolipids, the gangliosides. Determination of gangliosides, cholesterol, phospholipid phosphorus, neutral glycolipid hexose, and protein in developing rat brain showed that the deposition of gangliosides is predominantly a premyelin event. A light membrane fraction enriched in gangliosides relative to protein was obtained from neonatal rat-brain crude mitochondrial fractions by sucrose density-gradient centrifugations. Adult rat-brain fractions of similar density were not enriched in gangliosides because of the presence of myelin. If the initial homogenization and the separation of the crude mitochondrial fraction were carried out in 0.32 M sucrose at pH 9.2, the ganglioside enrichment of the light membrane fraction from both adult and neonatal rat brain was doubled. By further separation of the light membrane fraction on a second density gradient, particulate material was obtained from neonatal rat brain which consisted almost entirely of vesicular membrane elements. Based on dry weight, it contained gangliosides 7–9%, phospholipids 36–40%, cholesterol 5–7%, neutral glycolipids 1–3%, protein 28–29%, and cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) 8%. This membrane fraction is likely derived from the neuronal plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum.
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