The misuse of behavioral genetics in prevention research, or for whom the “bell curve” tolls

Obesity is an environmental issue

Obesity is an environmental issue. Societies that are transitioning to westernized lifestyles are experiencing substantial increases in its prevalence. The primary environmental determinants of obesity are high calorie intake and low levels of activity. Socioeconomic status and place of residence are important contributors. These factors together comprise an obesogenic or 'toxic' environment where the development of obesity is the expected course for humans leading lifestyles incompatible with their evolutionary development. Only by addressing and modifying the toxic environment will we be able to stem the obesity epidemic.

Common biological pathways in eating disorders and obesity

The purpose of this article is to summarize briefly potential biological pathways that are common among anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and obesity. We conclude that data on serotonergic and beta-endorphin regulatory systems provide the most promising leads for potential trait-based etiological theories. We then discuss the contribution of current data to a better understanding of the etiology and maintenance of eating disorders. Finally, we comment on how the exploration for common biological mechanisms highlights problems in nosological diagnosis (i.e., the lack of symptom specificity among disorders) and obscures the etiological significance of social stressors and cultural factors.

Future directions in obesity and eating disorders

The purpose of this article is to explore future directions in the treatment of obesity and eating disorders. After briefly reviewing the costs of eating disorders, in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economics, we provide suggestions for future research and treatment. We first focus on changes that should be considered to improve etiological and outcome research, with the idea that a better understanding of etiological factors will lead to better interventions. We then examine promising treatment approaches, public health initiatives, and the importance of focusing on health and self-acceptance as valid treatment outcomes.