The absolute configuration of the enantiomers of glutethimide and aminoglutethimide

LC determination of aminoglutethimide enantiomers as dansyl and fluorescamine derivatives in tablet formulations

Determination of dansyl (AG-DNS) and fluorescamine (AG-F) derivatives of rac-aminoglutethimide in tablet formulation by HPLC has been achieved on a cellulose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate), known as Chiralcel OD and OD-R under normal and reversed phase columns, respectively, using a fluorescence detector (lambda(ex), 360 nm; lambda(em), 530 nm for AG-DNS derivatives; lambda(ex), 395 nm, lambda(em), 495 nm for fluorescamine derivatives (AG-F)). The best results were obtained with mobile phase ethanol:cyclohexane:methanol (95:5:2 v/v/v) for AG-DNS derivatives and acetonitrile:0.5% ortho-phosphoric acid (85:15 v/v) containing 0.26 mM 1-hexanesulfonic acid sodium salt (HSA) for AG-F, respectively. The lower limit of detection (signal to noise ratio of 3:1) were found to be 20 ng ml(-1) for each enantiomer for AG-DNS and 20.5 ng ml(-1) for each diastreoisomer for AG-F.

Enantioseparation of aminoglutethimide and thalidomide by high performance liquid chromatography or supercritical fluid chromatography on mono-2 and mono-6-O-pentenyl-beta-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phases

Mono-2 and mono-6-O-pentenyl-beta-cyclodextrin (mono-2-pent-beta-CD and mono-6-pent-beta-CD), covalently linked to mercaptopropylsilica gel (thiol-Si) through thioether or sulfone linkage, reveal differentiated enantioselectivities in the separation of piperidine-2,6-dione-related drugs, namely aminoglutethimide and thalidomide, in supercritical fluid conditions. Supercritical fluid chromatographic resolution on completely defined mono-cyclodextrin derivative-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) is a method of choice for the separation of aminoglutethimide but not effective for thalidomide. For both high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) conditions, the impact of the position, imposed to be 2 or 6 in our synthetic pathway, of the pentenyl moiety on one of the glucopyranosidics of the CD cage is of crucial importance in the chiral discrimination phenomenon. Additionally, the nature of the heteroatom present in the spacer arm between the CD and the silica gel, in this case thioether or sulfone functionality, is also essential for the chiral recognition mechanism(s) for the solute enantiomer.

Direct enantiomeric high performance liquid chromatographic separation of aminoglutethimide and its major metabolite on a series of Chiralcel OD and Chiralcel OJ columns and its application to biological fluids

A direct, isocratic, sensitive and precise liquid chromatographic method is presented for the enantiomeric separation of aminoglutethimide (AG) and its acetylated metabolite (AcAG) using cellulose tris-3,5-dimethyl phenyl carbamate (Chiralcel OD) and cellulose tris(4-methylphenyl benzoate) ester (Chiralcel OJ) columns in series. The enantiomeric elution order is determined by separate chromatography of the racemate AG and racemate AcAG and of their separate enantiomers under similar conditions. This method has been used to determine and identify the enantiomers of AG and AcAG in the urine sample collected from a metastatic breast cancer patient after administration of AG for 24 h. Large amounts of (+)-R-AG are excreted unchanged in the urine together with smaller quantities of (+)-R-AcAG, while most of the (-)-S-AG is metabolically converted into (-)-S-AcAG.

Structure-activity relationships for non-steroidal inhibitors of aromatase

A model is described for the binding of non-steroidal inhibitors of aromatase to the enzyme with interaction of a ligand with the Fe3+-haem of the cytochrome. The model suggests that the inhibitors utilise a common binding site with ring A of the steroidal substrates.

Effects of aminoglutethiumide and its metabolite, N-acetylaminoglutethimide, on bovine adrenocortical and human placental cytochromes P-450scc

The ability of aminoglutethimide to inhibit cholesterol conversion to pregnenolone was lost upon acetylation of the arylamine nitrogen. This appears to be due to failure of N-acetyl-d-aminoglutethimide to bind to cytochrome P-450scc, since it does not produce the altered low spin form of the enzyme formed upon binding of d-aminoglutethimide. These findings provide further evidence for a role of the free arenamine function in aminoglutethimide and related inhibitors.

The absolute configuration of SU 23397: a novel neuroleptic agent

The absolute configuration of a novel chiral neuroleptic agent SU 23397 (I) was determined by ORD comparison of (+)-5-methoxy dihydro coumarilic acid (VIII), a synthetic precursor of SU 23397 (I), with (+)-dihydro coumarilic acid, whose absolute configuration is known. This assignment was confirmed by oxidative degradation of (+)-5-methoxy dihydro coumarilic acid VIII to D-(+)-malic acid.