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Seki S, Miyata T, Norioka N, Tanaka H, Kurisu G, Namba K, Fujii R. Structure-based validation of recombinant light-harvesting complex II. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae405. [PMID: 39346626 PMCID: PMC11428208 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) captures sunlight and dissipates excess energy to drive photosynthesis. To elucidate this mechanism, the individual optical properties of pigments in the LHCII protein must be identified. In vitro reconstitution with apoproteins synthesized by Escherichia coli and pigment-lipid mixtures from natural sources is an effective approach; however, the local environment surrounding each pigment within reconstituted LHCII (rLHCII) has only been indirectly estimated using spectroscopic and biochemical methods. Here, we used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the 3D structure of the rLHCII trimer and found that rLHCII exhibited a structure that was virtually identical to that of native LHCII, with a few exceptions: some C-terminal amino acids were not visible, likely due to aggregation of the His-tags; a carotenoid at the V1 site was not visible; and at site 614 showed mixed occupancy by both chlorophyll a and b molecules. Our observations confirmed the applicability of the in vitro reconstitution technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Seki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoko Miyata
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- JEOL YOKOGUSHI Research Alliance Laboratories, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoko Norioka
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tanaka
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Genji Kurisu
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- JEOL YOKOGUSHI Research Alliance Laboratories, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichi Namba
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- JEOL YOKOGUSHI Research Alliance Laboratories, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Fujii
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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2
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Lokstein H, Renger G, Götze JP. Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting (Antenna) Complexes-Structures and Functions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113378. [PMID: 34204994 PMCID: PMC8199901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls, together with carotenoids, serve, noncovalently bound to specific apoproteins, as principal light-harvesting and energy-transforming pigments in photosynthetic organisms. In recent years, enormous progress has been achieved in the elucidation of structures and functions of light-harvesting (antenna) complexes, photosynthetic reaction centers and even entire photosystems. It is becoming increasingly clear that light-harvesting complexes not only serve to enlarge the absorption cross sections of the respective reaction centers but are vitally important in short- and long-term adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and regulation of the energy-transforming processes in response to external and internal conditions. Thus, the wide variety of structural diversity in photosynthetic antenna “designs” becomes conceivable. It is, however, common for LHCs to form trimeric (or multiples thereof) structures. We propose a simple, tentative explanation of the trimer issue, based on the 2D world created by photosynthetic membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Gernot Renger
- Max-Volmer-Laboratorium, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan P. Götze
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany;
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3
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Reinot T, Jassas M, Kell A, Casazza AP, Santabarbara S, Jankowiak R. On wavelength-dependent exciton lifetime distributions in reconstituted CP29 antenna of the photosystem II and its site-directed mutants. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:085101. [PMID: 33639775 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide more insight into the excitonic structure and exciton lifetimes of the wild type (WT) CP29 complex of photosystem II, we measured high-resolution (low temperature) absorption, emission, and hole burned spectra for the A2 and B3 mutants, which lack chlorophylls a612 and b614 (Chls), respectively. Experimental and modeling results obtained for the WT CP29 and A2/B3 mutants provide new insight on the mutation-induced changes at the molecular level and shed more light on energy transfer dynamics. Simulations of the A2 and B3 optical spectra, using the second-order non-Markovian theory, and comparison with improved fits of WT CP29 optical spectra provide more insight into their excitonic structure, mutation induced changes, and frequency-dependent distributions of exciton lifetimes (T1). A new Hamiltonian obtained for WT CP29 reveals that deletion of Chls a612 or b614 induces changes in the site energies of all remaining Chls. Hamiltonians obtained for A2 and B3 mutants are discussed in the context of the energy landscape of chlorophylls, excitonic structure, and transfer kinetics. Our data suggest that the lowest exciton states in A2 and B3 mutants are contributed by a611(57%), a610(17%), a615(15%) and a615(58%), a611(20%), a612(15%) Chls, respectively, although other compositions of lowest energy states are also discussed. Finally, we argue that the calculated exciton decay times are consistent with both the hole-burning and recent transient absorption measurements. Wavelength-dependent T1 distributions offer more insight into the interpretation of kinetic traces commonly described by discrete exponentials in global analysis/global fitting of transient absorption experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonu Reinot
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Mahboobe Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Adam Kell
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Anna Paola Casazza
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, C.N.R., Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro Studi sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, C.N.R., Milano, Italy
| | - Ryszard Jankowiak
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Effect of Protocatechuic Acid on Euglena gracilis Growth and Accumulation of Metabolites. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient, environmentally friendly, low-cost approaches used to boost the growth of microalgae is urgently required to meet the increasing demands for food supplements, cosmetics, and biofuels. In this study, the growth promotion effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) in the freshwater microalga Euglena gracilis were confirmed for the first time. PCA is a simple phenolic compound derived from natural plants and has a range of biological functions. The highest biomass yield, 3.1-fold higher than that of the control, used at 1.3 g·L−1, was obtained at 800 mg·L−1 of PCA. The yields of the metabolites chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and paramylon in the presence of PCA at 800 mg·L−1 were 3.1, 3.3, and 1.7 times higher than those of the control group, respectively. The highest paramylon yield was achieved at a lower dosage of PCA (100 mg·L−1), which is considered to be feasible for economic paramylon production. The growth and biosynthesis of metabolites stimulated by phytochemicals such as PCA could be an efficient and cost-effective strategy to enhance the productivity of microalgae in large-scale cultivations.
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Agostini A, Büchel C, Di Valentin M, Carbonera D. A distinctive pathway for triplet-triplet energy transfer photoprotection in fucoxanthin chlorophyll-binding proteins from Cyclotella meneghiniana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148310. [PMID: 32991847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin chlorophyll-binding proteins (FCPs) are the major light-harvesting complexes of diatoms. In this work, FCPs isolated from Cyclotella meneghiniana have been studied by means of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TR-EPR), with the aim to characterize the photoprotective mechanism based on triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET). The spectroscopic properties of the chromophores carrying the triplet state have been interpreted on the basis of a delved analysis of the recently solved crystallographic structures of FCP. The results point toward a photoprotective role for two fucoxanthin molecules exposed to the exterior of the FCP monomers. This shows that FCP has adopted a structural strategy different from that of related light-harvesting complexes from plants and other microalgae, in which the photoprotective role is carried out by two highly conserved carotenoids in the interior of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Ortiz-Torres MI, Fernández-Niño M, Cruz JC, Capasso A, Matteocci F, Patiño EJ, Hernández Y, González Barrios AF. Rational Design of Photo-Electrochemical Hybrid Devices Based on Graphene and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Light-Harvesting Proteins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3376. [PMID: 32099058 PMCID: PMC7042359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been highlighted as the promising alternative to generate clean energy based on low pay-back time materials. These devices have been designed to mimic solar energy conversion processes from photosynthetic organisms (the most efficient energy transduction phenomenon observed in nature) with the aid of low-cost materials. Recently, light-harvesting complexes (LHC) have been proposed as potential dyes in DSSCs based on their higher light-absorption efficiencies as compared to synthetic dyes. In this work, photo-electrochemical hybrid devices were rationally designed by adding for the first time Leu and Lys tags to heterologously expressed light-harvesting proteins from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, thus allowing their proper orientation and immobilization on graphene electrodes. The light-harvesting complex 4 from C. reinhardtii (LHC4) was initially expressed in Escherichia coli, purified via affinity chromatography and subsequently immobilized on plasma-treated thin-film graphene electrodes. A photocurrent density of 40.30 ± 9.26 μA/cm2 was measured on devices using liquid electrolytes supplemented with a phosphonated viologen to facilitate charge transfer. Our results suggest that a new family of graphene-based thin-film photovoltaic devices can be manufactured from rationally tagged LHC proteins and opens the possibility to further explore fundamental processes of energy transfer for biological components interfaced with synthetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha I Ortiz-Torres
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Physics Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Miguel Fernández-Niño
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Juan C Cruz
- GINIB Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Andrea Capasso
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- C.H.O.S.E - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Edgar J Patiño
- Superconductivity and Nanodevices Laboratory, Physics Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Yenny Hernández
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Physics Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia.
| | - Andrés Fernando González Barrios
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia.
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7
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Mork-Jansson AE, Eichacker LA. A strategy to characterize chlorophyll protein interaction in LIL3. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:1. [PMID: 30622623 PMCID: PMC6320596 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of proteins is at large determined by cofactors selectively bound to protein structure. Without chlorophyll specifically bound to protein, light harvesting and photosynthesis would not be possible. The binding of chlorophyll to light harvesting proteins has been extensively studied in reconstitution assays using proteins expressed in vitro; however, the mechanism of the reconstitution reaction remained unclear. We have shown that membrane integral light-harvesting-like protein, LIL3, binds chlorophyll a with a Kd of 146 nM in vitro by thermophoresis. Here, reconstitution of chlorophyll binding to LIL3 has been characterized by four different methods. RESULTS Structural changes in the reconstitution process have been investigated by light-scattering and differential Trp-fluorescence. For characterization of the chlorophyll binding site at LIL3, the analysis of LIL3 mutants has been conducted using native PAGE and thermophoresis. We find that the oxidized state of dithiothreitol is the essential component for reconstitution of chlorophyll binding to LIL3 in n-Dodecyl β-d-maltoside micelles at RT. Chlorophyll increased the polydispersity of the micellar states while dithiothreitol maintained LIL3 in a partially unfolded state at RT. Dimerization of LIL3 was abolished if amino acids N174, R176, and E171 were mutated to Ala; while, chlorophyll binding to LIL3 was abolished in mutant N174A, but retained in E171A, and R176A albeit at an about six- and five-fold decreased dissociation constant. Results show that N174 of LIL3 is essential for binding chlorophyll a. CONCLUSIONS Chlorophyll binding to LIL3 can be shown by thermophoresis, and native gel electrophoresis, while analysis of reconstitution conditions by dynamic light scattering and differential scanning fluorometry are of critical importance for method optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lutz Andreas Eichacker
- Centre for Organelle Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
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8
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Karyolaimos A, Ampah-Korsah H, Zhang Z, de Gier JW. Shaping Escherichia coli for recombinant membrane protein production. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:5040224. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Karyolaimos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Sv. Arrheniusväg 16C, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henry Ampah-Korsah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Sv. Arrheniusväg 16C, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Sv. Arrheniusväg 16C, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Willem de Gier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Sv. Arrheniusväg 16C, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Jassas M, Chen J, Khmelnitskiy A, Casazza AP, Santabarbara S, Jankowiak R. Structure-Based Exciton Hamiltonian and Dynamics for the Reconstituted Wild-type CP29 Protein Antenna Complex of the Photosystem II. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:4611-4624. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Werwie M, Dworak L, Bottin A, Mayer L, Basché T, Wachtveitl J, Paulsen H. Light-harvesting chlorophyll protein (LHCII) drives electron transfer in semiconductor nanocrystals. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:174-181. [PMID: 29247606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Type-II quantum dots (QDs) are capable of light-driven charge separation between their core and the shell structures; however, their light absorption is limited in the longer-wavelength range. Biological light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) efficiently absorbs in the blue and red spectral domains. Therefore, hybrid complexes of these two structures may be promising candidates for photovoltaic applications. Previous measurements had shown that LHCII bound to QD can transfer its excitation energy to the latter, as indicated by the fluorescence emissions of LHCII and QD being quenched and sensitized, respectively. In the presence of methyl viologen (MV), both fluorescence emissions are quenched, indicating an additional electron transfer process from QDs to MV. Transient absorption spectroscopy confirmed this notion and showed that electron transfer from QDs to MV is much faster than fluorescence energy transfer between LHCII and QD. The action spectrum of MV reduction by LHCII-QD complexes reflected the LHCII absorption spectrum, showing that light absorbed by LHCII and transferred to QDs increased the efficiency of MV reduction by QDs. Under continuous illumination, at least 28 turnovers were observed for the MV reduction. Presumably, the holes in QD cores were filled by a reducing agent in the reaction solution or by the dihydrolipoic-acid coating of the QDs. The LHCII-QD construct can be viewed as a simple model of a photosystem with the QD component acting as reaction center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Werwie
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lars Dworak
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Gebäude N120/224, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anne Bottin
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Mayer
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Basché
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Gebäude N120/224, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Paulsen
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
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11
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Mork-Jansson AE, Eichacker LA. Characterization of chlorophyll binding to LIL3. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192228. [PMID: 29390011 PMCID: PMC5794176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The light harvesting like protein 3 (LIL 3) from higher plants, has been linked to functions in chlorophyll and tocopherol biosynthesis, photo-protection and chlorophyll transfer. However, the binding of chlorophyll to LIL3 is unclear. We present a reconstitution protocol for chlorophyll binding to LIL3 in DDM micelles. It is shown in the absence of lipids and carotenoids that reconstitution of chlorophyll binding to in vitro expressed LIL3 requires pre-incubation of reaction partners at room temperature. We show chlorophyll a but not chlorophyll b binding to LIL3 at a molar ratio of 1:1. Neither dynamic light scattering nor native PAGE, enabled a discrimination between binding of chlorophyll a and/or b to LIL3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lutz Andreas Eichacker
- Centre for Organelle Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- * E-mail:
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12
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Dautermann O, Lohr M. A functional zeaxanthin epoxidase from red algae shedding light on the evolution of light-harvesting carotenoids and the xanthophyll cycle in photosynthetic eukaryotes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:879-891. [PMID: 28949044 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The epoxy-xanthophylls antheraxanthin and violaxanthin are key precursors of light-harvesting carotenoids and participate in the photoprotective xanthophyll cycle. Thus, the invention of zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) catalyzing their formation from zeaxanthin has been a fundamental step in the evolution of photosynthetic eukaryotes. ZEP genes have only been found in Viridiplantae and chromalveolate algae with secondary plastids of red algal ancestry, suggesting that ZEP evolved in the Viridiplantae and spread to chromalveolates by lateral gene transfer. By searching publicly available sequence data from 11 red algae covering all currently recognized red algal classes we identified ZEP candidates in three species. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the red algal ZEP is most closely related to ZEP proteins from photosynthetic chromalveolates possessing secondary plastids of red algal origin. Its enzymatic activity was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses of red algal pigment extracts and by cloning and functional expression of the ZEP gene from Madagascaria erythrocladioides in leaves of the ZEP-deficient aba2 mutant of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Unlike other ZEP enzymes examined so far, the red algal ZEP introduces only a single epoxy group into zeaxanthin, yielding antheraxanthin instead of violaxanthin. The results indicate that ZEP evolved before the split of Rhodophyta and Viridiplantae and that chromalveolates acquired ZEP from the red algal endosymbiont and not by lateral gene transfer. Moreover, the red algal ZEP enables engineering of transgenic plants incorporating antheraxanthin instead of violaxanthin in their photosynthetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Dautermann
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Pflanzenbiochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Lohr
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Pflanzenbiochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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13
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Krishnan M, Moolenaar GF, Gupta KBSS, Goosen N, Pandit A. Large-scale in vitro production, refolding and dimerization of PsbS in different microenvironments. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15200. [PMID: 29123155 PMCID: PMC5680255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants adapt to fluctuating light conditions by a process called non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), where membrane protein PsbS plays a crucial role and transforms a change in the pH-gradient across the thylakoid membrane under excess light conditions into a photoprotective state, leading to de-excitation of antenna chlorophylls. The PsbS activation mechanism is elusive and has been proposed to involve a monomerization step and protonation of specific residues. To elucidate its function, it is essential to produce PsbS in large quantities, stabilize PsbS in a membrane-mimicking environment and analyze its pH-dependent conformational structure. We present an approach for large-scale in-vitro production and spectroscopic characterization of PsbS under controlled, non-crystalline conditions. We produced PsbS of the moss Physcomitrella patens in milligram quantities in E. coli, refolded PsbS in several detergent types and analyzed its conformation at neutral and low pH by Dynamic Light Scattering and NMR spectroscopy. Our results reveal that at both pH conditions, PsbS exist as dimers or in apparent monomer-dimer equilibria. Lowering of the pH induces conformational changes, destabilizes the dimer state and shifts the equilibria towards the monomeric form. In vivo, a similar response upon thylakoid lumen acidification may tune PsbS activity in a gradual manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maithili Krishnan
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg, 55 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geri F Moolenaar
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg, 55 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karthick Babu Sai Sankar Gupta
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg, 55 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nora Goosen
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg, 55 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anjali Pandit
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg, 55 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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14
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Llansola-Portoles MJ, Litvin R, Ilioaia C, Pascal AA, Bina D, Robert B. Pigment structure in the violaxanthin-chlorophyll-a-binding protein VCP. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:51-58. [PMID: 28677008 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectroscopy was used to evaluate pigment-binding site properties in the violaxanthin-chlorophyll-a-binding protein (VCP) from Nannochloropsis oceanica. The pigments bound to this antenna protein are chlorophyll-a, violaxanthin, and vaucheriaxanthin. The molecular structures of bound Chl-a molecules are discussed with respect to those of the plant antenna proteins LHCII and CP29, the crystal structures of which are known. We show that three populations of carotenoid molecules are bound by VCP, each of which is in an all-trans configuration. We assign the lower-energy absorption transition of each of these as follows. One violaxanthin population absorbs at 485 nm, while the second population is red-shifted and absorbs at 503 nm. The vaucheriaxanthin population absorbs at 525 nm, a position red-shifted by 2138 cm-1 as compared to isolated vaucheriaxanthin in n-hexane. The red-shifted violaxanthin is slightly less planar than the blue-absorbing one, as observed for the two central luteins in LHCII, and we suggest that these violaxanthins occupy the two equivalent binding sites in VCP at the centre of the cross-brace. The presence of a highly red-shifted vaucheriaxanthin in VCP is reminiscent of the situation of FCP, in which (even more) highly red-shifted populations of fucoxanthin are present. Tuning carotenoids to absorb in the green-yellow region of the visible spectrum appears to be a common evolutionary response to competition with other photosynthetic species in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Llansola-Portoles
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Radek Litvin
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branisovska 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Cristian Ilioaia
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Andrew A Pascal
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - David Bina
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branisovska 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Robert
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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15
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Wang J, Islam F, Li L, Long M, Yang C, Jin X, Ali B, Mao B, Zhou W. Complementary RNA-Sequencing Based Transcriptomics and iTRAQ Proteomics Reveal the Mechanism of the Alleviation of Quinclorac Stress by Salicylic Acid in Oryza sativa ssp. japonica. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091975. [PMID: 28906478 PMCID: PMC5618624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To uncover the alleviation mechanism of quinclorac stress by salicylic acid (SA), leaf samples of Oryza sativa ssp. Japonica under quinclorac stress with and without SA pre-treatment were analyzed for transcriptional and proteomic profiling to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs), respectively. Results showed that quinclorac stress altered the expression of 2207 DEGs (1427 up-regulated, 780 down-regulated) and 147 DEPs (98 down-regulated, 49 up-regulated). These genes and proteins were enriched in glutathione (GSH) metabolism, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and so on. It also influenced apetala2- ethylene-responsive element binding protein (AP2-EREBP) family, myeloblastosis (MYB) family and WRKY family transcription factors. After SA pre-treatment, 697 genes and 124 proteins were differentially expressed. Pathway analysis showed similar enrichments in GSH, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Transcription factors were distributed in basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), MYB, Tify and WRKY families. Quantitative real-time PCR results revealed that quinclorac stress induced the expression of glutathion reductase (GR) genes (OsGR2, OsGR3), which was further pronounced by SA pre-treatment. Quinclorac stress further mediated the accumulation of acetaldehyde in rice, while SA enhanced the expression of OsALDH2B5 and OsALDH7 to accelerate the metabolism of herbicide quinclorac for the protection of rice. Correlation analysis between transcriptome and proteomics demonstrated that, under quinclorac stress, correlated proteins/genes were mainly involved in the inhibition of intermediate steps in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll. Other interesting proteins/genes and pathways regulated by herbicide quinclorac and modulated by SA pre-treatment were also discussed, based on the transcriptome and proteomics results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lan Li
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Meijuan Long
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chong Yang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoli Jin
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Basharat Ali
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Bizeng Mao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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16
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Seiwert D, Witt H, Janshoff A, Paulsen H. The non-bilayer lipid MGDG stabilizes the major light-harvesting complex (LHCII) against unfolding. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5158. [PMID: 28698661 PMCID: PMC5505961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the photosynthetic apparatus of plants a high proportion of LHCII protein is needed to integrate 50% non-bilayer lipid MGDG into the lamellar thylakoid membrane, but whether and how the stability of the protein is also affected is not known. Here we use single-molecule force spectroscopy to map the stability of LHCII against mechanical unfolding along the polypeptide chain as a function of oligomerization state and lipid composition. Comparing unfolding forces between monomeric and trimeric LHCII demonstrates that the stability does not increase significantly upon trimerization but can mainly be correlated with specific contact sites between adjacent monomers. In contrast, unfolding of trimeric complexes in membranes composed of different thylakoid lipids reveals that the non-bilayer lipid MGDG substantially increases the mechanical stability of LHCII in many segments of the protein compared to other lipids such as DGDG or POPG. We attribute these findings to steric matching of conically formed MGDG and the hourglass shape of trimeric LHCII, thereby extending the role of non-bilayer lipids to the structural stabilization of membrane proteins in addition to the modulation of their folding, conformation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Seiwert
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hannes Witt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Harald Paulsen
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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17
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Saga Y, Hirota K, Asakawa H, Takao K, Fukuma T. Reversible Changes in the Structural Features of Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting Complex 2 by Removal and Reconstitution of B800 Bacteriochlorophyll a Pigments. Biochemistry 2017; 56:3484-3491. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Saga
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
- Precursory
Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Keiya Hirota
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Asakawa
- Precursory
Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Bio-AFM
Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Takao
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Bio-AFM
Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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18
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Tan HS, Jacoby RP, Ong-Abdullah M, Taylor NL, Liddell S, Chee WW, Chin CF. Proteomic profiling of mature leaves from oil palm (Elaeis guineensisJacq.). Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1147-1153. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hooi Sin Tan
- School of Biosciences; The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Richard P. Jacoby
- Australia Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology; Crawley Western Australia Australia
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Meilina Ong-Abdullah
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi; Kajang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Nicolas L. Taylor
- Australia Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology; Crawley Western Australia Australia
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Susan Liddell
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Division of Animal Sciences; University of Nottingham; Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Wong Wei Chee
- AAR-UNMC Biotechnology Research Centre (Advanced Agriecological Research Sdn. Bhd.); Semenyih Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Chiew Foan Chin
- School of Biosciences; The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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19
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Geiss AF, Khandelwal R, Baurecht D, Bliem C, Reiner-Rozman C, Boersch M, Ullmann GM, Loew LM, Naumann RLC. pH and Potential Transients of the bc 1 Complex Co-Reconstituted in Proteo-Lipobeads with the Reaction Center from Rb. sphaeroides. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:143-152. [PMID: 27992230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
His-tag technology is employed to bind membrane proteins, such as the bc1 complex and the reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, to spherical as well as planar surfaces in a strict orientation. Subsequently, the spherical and planar surfaces are subjected to in situ dialysis to form proteo-lipobeads (PLBs) and protein-tethered bilayer membranes, respectively. PLBs based on Ni-nitrileotriacetic acid-functionalized agarose beads that have diameters ranging from 50 to 150 μm are used to assess proton release and membrane potential parameters by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. The pH and potential transients are thus obtained from bc1 activated by the RC. To assess the turnover of bc1 excited by the RC in a similar setting, we used the planar surface of an attenuated total reflection crystal modified with a thin gold layer to carry out time-resolved surface-enhanced IR absorption spectroscopy triggered by flash lamp excitation. The experiments suggest that both proteins interact in a cyclic manner in both environments. The activity of the proteins seems to be preserved in the same manner as that in chromatophores or reconstituted in liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Geiss
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, AIT , Donau-City Street 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria.,University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Wien, Austria
| | - Raghav Khandelwal
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kalyanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Dieter Baurecht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Bliem
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, AIT , Donau-City Street 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria.,Center of Electrochemical Surface Technology, CEST , Viktor-Kaplan-Str. 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Ciril Reiner-Rozman
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, AIT , Donau-City Street 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria.,Center of Electrochemical Surface Technology, CEST , Viktor-Kaplan-Str. 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Michael Boersch
- Single-Molecule Microscopy Group, Jena University Hospital , Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - G Matthias Ullmann
- Computational Biochemistry Group, University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstraße 30, NWI, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leslie M Loew
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Renate L C Naumann
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, AIT , Donau-City Street 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria
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20
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Probing the pigment binding sites in LHCII with resonance Raman spectroscopy: The effect of mutations at S123. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1490-1496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Liu W, Tu W, Liu Y, Sun R, Liu C, Yang C. The N-terminal domain of Lhcb proteins is critical for recognition of the LHCII kinase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Liu C, Gao Z, Liu K, Sun R, Cui C, Holzwarth AR, Yang C. Simultaneous refolding of denatured PsbS and reconstitution with LHCII into liposomes of thylakoid lipids. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 127:109-16. [PMID: 26168990 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The thylakoid membrane protein PsbS is critical for quenching excessive excitation energy in mechanisms that involve the light-harvesting complexes of photosystem II. Liposomes of thylakoid lipids have been shown to be a very good platform to study photosynthetic membrane proteins and their interactions. In this study, we simultaneously refolded and reconstituted functional pea PsbS into liposomes of thylakoid lipids starting from denatured expressed protein. Intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, trypsin digestion, and circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to characterize the native state of PsbS in the proteoliposomes. The functionality of refolded PsbS was further demonstrated by its effect on the fluorescence quenching of the major antenna system of photosystem II (LHCII) co-inserted into the liposomes. The fluorescence yield of native trimeric LHCII was lowered by PsbS by 50% at neutral pH and by a further 25% upon lowering the pH to 4.5. Furthermore, the acid-induced fluorescence reduction was completely reversed by addition of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, an inhibitor of protein protonation. These results indicate that reconstituted PsbS induces strong quenching of LHCII sensing changes in local pH via its protonation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, 100102, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunbo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Alfred R Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Chunhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Zapf T, Tan CD, Reinelt T, Huber C, Shaohua D, Geifman‐Shochat S, Paulsen H, Sinner E. Funktionelle Synthese des Lichtsammelkomplexes II in Polymermembran‐Architekturen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zapf
- Department für Nanobiotechnologie, Institut für Synthetische Bioarchitekturen, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 11/2, 1190 Wien (Österreich)
| | - Cherng‐Wen Darren Tan
- Department für Nanobiotechnologie, Institut für Synthetische Bioarchitekturen, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 11/2, 1190 Wien (Österreich)
| | - Tobias Reinelt
- Department für Nanobiotechnologie, Institut für Synthetische Bioarchitekturen, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 11/2, 1190 Wien (Österreich)
| | - Christoph Huber
- Department für Nanobiotechnologie, Institut für Synthetische Bioarchitekturen, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 11/2, 1190 Wien (Österreich)
| | - Ding Shaohua
- CAS Key Lab of Bio‐Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou (China)
| | | | - Harald Paulsen
- Institut für allgemeine Botanik, Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz (Deutschland)
| | - Eva‐Kathrin Sinner
- Department für Nanobiotechnologie, Institut für Synthetische Bioarchitekturen, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 11/2, 1190 Wien (Österreich)
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24
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Zapf T, Tan CD, Reinelt T, Huber C, Shaohua D, Geifman‐Shochat S, Paulsen H, Sinner E. Synthesis and Functional Reconstitution of Light‐Harvesting Complex II into Polymeric Membrane Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14664-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zapf
- Department for Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Synthetic Bioarchitectures, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Muthgasse 11/2, 1190 Vienna (Austria)
| | - Cherng‐Wen Darren Tan
- Department for Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Synthetic Bioarchitectures, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Muthgasse 11/2, 1190 Vienna (Austria)
| | - Tobias Reinelt
- Department for Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Synthetic Bioarchitectures, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Muthgasse 11/2, 1190 Vienna (Austria)
| | - Christoph Huber
- Department for Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Synthetic Bioarchitectures, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Muthgasse 11/2, 1190 Vienna (Austria)
| | - Ding Shaohua
- CAS Key Lab of Bio‐Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Keling Road 88, 215163 Suzhou (China)
| | - Susana Geifman‐Shochat
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore (Singapore)
| | - Harald Paulsen
- Institute of General Botany, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Johannes‐von‐Müller‐Weg 6, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - Eva‐Kathrin Sinner
- Department for Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Synthetic Bioarchitectures, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Muthgasse 11/2, 1190 Vienna (Austria)
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25
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Mork-Jansson AE, Gargano D, Kmiec K, Furnes C, Shevela D, Eichacker LA. Lil3 dimerization and chlorophyll binding in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3064-70. [PMID: 26320415 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The two-helix light harvesting like (Lil) protein Lil3 belongs to the family of chlorophyll binding light harvesting proteins of photosynthetic membranes. A function in tetrapyrrol synthesis and stabilization of geranylgeraniol reductase has been shown. Lil proteins contain the chlorophyll a/b-binding motif; however, binding of chlorophyll has not been demonstrated. We find that Lil3.2 from Arabidopsis thaliana forms heterodimers with Lil3.1 and binds chlorophyll. Lil3.2 heterodimerization (25±7.8 nM) is favored relative to homodimerization (431±59 nM). Interaction of Lil3.2 with chlorophyll a (231±49 nM) suggests that heterodimerization precedes binding of chlorophyll in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Gargano
- Center for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Karol Kmiec
- Center for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Clemens Furnes
- Center for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Dmitriy Shevela
- Center for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre (KBC), Umeå University, Sweden
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26
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Comprehensive transcriptome analysis discovers novel candidate genes related to leaf color in a Lagerstroemia indica yellow leaf mutant. Genes Genomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-015-0317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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27
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Natali A, Croce R. Characterization of the major light-harvesting complexes (LHCBM) of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119211. [PMID: 25723534 PMCID: PMC4344250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine genes (LHCBM1-9) encode the major light-harvesting system of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have shown that those genes are all expressed albeit in different amounts and some of them only in certain conditions. However, little is known about the properties and specific functions of the individual gene products because they have never been isolated. Here we have purified several complexes from native membranes and/or we have reconstituted them in vitro with pigments extracted from C. reinhardtii. It is shown that LHCBM1 and -M2/7 represent more than half of the LHCBM population in the membrane. LHCBM2/7 forms homotrimers while LHCBM1 seems to be present in heterotrimers. Trimers containing only type I LHCBM (M3/4/6/8/9) were also observed. Despite their different roles, all complexes have very similar properties in terms of pigment content, organization, stability, absorption, fluorescence and excited-state lifetimes. Thus the involvement of LHCBM1 in non-photochemical quenching is suggested to be due to specific interactions with other components of the membrane and not to the inherent quenching properties of the complex. Similarly, the overexpression of LHCBM9 during sulfur deprivation can be explained by its low sulfur content as compared with the other LHCBMs. Considering the highly conserved biochemical and spectroscopic properties, the major difference between the complexes may be in their capacity to interact with other components of the thylakoid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Natali
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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28
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Roeder S, Hobe S, Paulsen H. Silica entrapment for significantly stabilized, energy-conducting light-harvesting complex (LHCII). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:14234-14240. [PMID: 25365647 DOI: 10.1021/la503858t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The major light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex (LHCII) of the photosynthetic apparatus in green plants consists of a membrane protein and numerous noncovalently bound pigments that make up about one-third of the molecular mass of the pigment-protein complex. Due to this high pigment density, LHCII is potentially interesting as a light-harvesting component in synthetic constructs. However, for such applications its stability needs to be significantly improved. In this work, LHCII was dramatically stabilized by enclosing it within polymerizing colloidal silica. The entrapped LHCII stayed functional at 50 °C for up to 24 h instead of a few minutes in detergent solution and clearly showed energy transfer between complexes. Entrapment yield was enhanced by a polycationic peptide attached to the N terminus. Both the extent of stabilization and the yield of entrapment strongly increased with decreasing diameters of the silica particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Roeder
- Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , Johannes-von-Muellerweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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29
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Folding membrane proteins in vitro: A table and some comments. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 564:314-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Folding and stability of integral membrane proteins in amphipols. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 564:327-43. [PMID: 25449655 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Amphipols (APols) are a family of amphipathic polymers designed to keep transmembrane proteins (TMPs) soluble in aqueous solutions in the absence of detergent. APols have proven remarkably efficient at (i) stabilizing TMPs, as compared to detergent solutions, and (ii) folding them from a denatured state to a native, functional one. The underlying physical-chemical mechanisms are discussed.
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Natali A, Roy LM, Croce R. In vitro reconstitution of light-harvesting complexes of plants and green algae. J Vis Exp 2014:e51852. [PMID: 25350712 PMCID: PMC4692416 DOI: 10.3791/51852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants and green algae, light is captured by the light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), a family of integral membrane proteins that coordinate chlorophylls and carotenoids. In vivo, these proteins are folded with pigments to form complexes which are inserted in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. The high similarity in the chemical and physical properties of the members of the family, together with the fact that they can easily lose pigments during isolation, makes their purification in a native state challenging. An alternative approach to obtain homogeneous preparations of LHCs was developed by Plumley and Schmidt in 19871, who showed that it was possible to reconstitute these complexes in vitro starting from purified pigments and unfolded apoproteins, resulting in complexes with properties very similar to that of native complexes. This opened the way to the use of bacterial expressed recombinant proteins for in vitro reconstitution. The reconstitution method is powerful for various reasons: (1) pure preparations of individual complexes can be obtained, (2) pigment composition can be controlled to assess their contribution to structure and function, (3) recombinant proteins can be mutated to study the functional role of the individual residues (e.g., pigment binding sites) or protein domain (e.g., protein-protein interaction, folding). This method has been optimized in several laboratories and applied to most of the light-harvesting complexes. The protocol described here details the method of reconstituting light-harvesting complexes in vitro currently used in our laboratory,and examples describing applications of the method are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Natali
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam
| | - Laura M Roy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam;
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Photoprotective sites in the violaxanthin–chlorophyll a binding Protein (VCP) from Nannochloropsis gaditana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1235-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Xie SS, Zhu GF, Du LF. Soluble expression of Spinach psbC gene in Escherichia coli and in vitro reconstitution of CP43 coupled with chlorophyll a only. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 79:19-24. [PMID: 24675567 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CP43 is a chlorophyll a (Chl a) and β-carotene (β-Car) binding protein encoded by psbC gene. In this study, psbC gene isolated from Spinach was expressed in Escherichia coli in soluble state. After lysis of the cells, the apoproteins purified by nickel affinity chromatography were examined by SDS-PAGE and Western-blot. Next, reconstitution experiment was carried out in vitro and the formation of stable pigment-protein complex was analyzed by partially denaturing electrophoresis. After purifying reconstituted CP43 (rCP43) from free pigments (FPs) by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and subsequently ion exchange chromatography (IEC), the eluate was analyzed by partially denaturing electrophoresis to confirm stability of the reconstructed complex. Finally, analyses of spectroscopic character of the eluate revealed that in vitro reconstitution was achieved and FPs were completely removed from the pigment-protein complex. Comparison between the absorption spectra of the rCP43 and native CP43 (nCP43) showed the lack of peaks between 450 and 500 nm, illustrating that the β-Car was stripped off rCP43. In brief, it is feasible to obtain a reconstituted protein binding Chl a only, indicating that the occupancy of the β-Car site has small impact on the stabilization of CP43. However, β-Car shows strong interaction with Chl a, inducing the hyperchromic effect in blue region of spectrum and the blue shift of the 438.5 nm and 673.5 nm absorption band to 437 nm and 671 nm respectively. To some extent, our research is suggestive that β-Car, coupled loosely with CP43, contributes to the precise orientation of Chl a in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Si Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Guo-Fei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Lin-Fang Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
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Liu C, Rao Y, Zhang L, Yang C. Identification of the roles of individual amino acid residues of the helix E of the major antenna of photosystem II (LHCII) by alanine scanning mutagenesis. J Biochem 2014; 156:203-10. [PMID: 24753330 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of the helix E (W97-F105), an amphiphilic lumenal 310 helix of the major antenna of photosystem II (LHCII), are still unidentified. To elucidate the roles of individual amino acid residue of the helix E, alanine scanning mutagenesis has been performed to mutate every residue of this domain to alanine. The influence of every alanine substitution on the structure and function of LHCII has been investigated biochemically and spectroscopically. The results show that all mutations have little impact on the pigment binding and configuration. However, many mutants presented decreased thermo- or photo-stability compared with the wild type, highlighting the significance of this helix to the stability of LHCII. The most critical residue for stability is W97. The mutant W97A yielded very fragile trimeric pigment protein complexes. The structural analysis revealed that the hydrogen bonding and aromatic interactions between W97, F195, F194 and a water molecule contributed greatly to the stability of LHCII. Moreover, Q103A and F105A have been identified to be able to reinforce the tendency of aggregation in vitro. The structural analysis suggested that the enhancement in aggregation formation for Q103A and F105A might be attributed to the changing hydrophobicity of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
| | - Yan Rao
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
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Zhang L, Melø TB, Li H, Naqvi KR, Yang C. The inter-monomer interface of the major light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complexes of photosystem II (LHCII) influences the chlorophyll triplet distribution. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:42-8. [PMID: 24484957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Under strong light conditions, long-lived chlorophyll triplets ((3)Chls) are formed, which can sensitize singlet oxygen, a species harmful to the photosynthetic apparatus of plants. Plants have developed multiple photoprotective mechanisms to quench (3)Chl and scavenge singlet oxygen in order to sustain the photosynthetic activities. The lumenal loop of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex of photosystem II (LHCII) plays important roles in regulating the pigment conformation and energy dissipation. In this study, site-directed mutagenesis analysis was applied to investigate triplet-triplet energy transfer and quenching of (3)Chl in LHCII. We mutated the amino acid at site 123 located in this region to Gly, Pro, Gln, Thr and Tyr, respectively, and recorded fluorescence excitation spectra, triplet-minus-singlet (TmS) spectra and kinetics of carotenoid triplet decay for wild type and all the mutants. A red-shift was evident in the TmS spectra of the mutants S123T and S123P, and all of the mutants except S123Y showed a decrease in the triplet energy transfer efficiency. We propose, on the basis of the available structural information, that these phenomena are related to the involvement, due to conformational changes in the lumenal region, of a long-wavelength lutein (Lut2) involved in quenching (3)Chl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Thor Bernt Melø
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - K Razi Naqvi
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Chunhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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36
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Bishop NI, Bugla B, Senger H. Photosynthetic Capacity and Quantum Requirement of Three Secondary Mutants ofScenedesmus obliquuswith Deletions in Carotenoid Biosynthesis*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1998.tb00700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Pancaldi S, Bonora A, Gualandri R, Gerdol R, Manservigi R, Fasulo MP. Intra-tissue Characteristics of Chloroplasts in the Lamina and Petiole of Mature Winter Leaf ofArum italicumMiller. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1998.tb00707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Oster U, Rüdiger W. The G4 Gene ofArabidopsis thalianaEncodes a Chlorophyll Synthase of Etiolated Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1997.tb00658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Comparison of quantum dot-binding protein tags: affinity determination by ultracentrifugation and FRET. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1651-6. [PMID: 24361618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hybrid complexes of proteins and colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) are of increasing interest in various fields of biochemistry and biomedicine, for instance for biolabeling or drug transport. The usefulness of protein-QD complexes for such applications is dependent on the binding specificity and strength of the components. Often the binding properties of these components are difficult and time consuming to assess. METHODS In this work we characterized the interaction between recombinant light harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex (LHCII) and CdTe/CdSe/ZnS QDs by using ultracentrifugation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay experiments. Ultracentrifugation was employed as a fast method to compare the binding strength between different protein tags and the QDs. Furthermore the LHCII:QD stoichiometry was determined by separating the protein-QD hybrid complexes from unbound LHCII via ultracentrifugation through a sucrose cushion. RESULTS One trimeric LHCII was found to be bound per QD. Binding constants were evaluated by FRET assays of protein derivatives carrying different affinity tags. A new tetra-cysteine motif interacted more strongly (Ka=4.9±1.9nM(-1)) with the nanoparticles as compared to a hexahistidine tag (His6 tag) (Ka~1nM(-1)). CONCLUSION Relative binding affinities and binding stoichiometries of hybrid complexes from LHCII and quantum dots were identified via fast ultracentrifugation, and binding constants were determined via FRET assays. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The combination of rapid centrifugation and fluorescence-based titration will be useful to assess the binding strength between different types of nanoparticles and a broad range of proteins.
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40
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Tome L, Schaetzel C, Dreher C, Schneider D. Fe- but not Mg-protophorphyrin IX binds to a transmembrane b-type cytochrome. Mol Membr Biol 2013; 31:37-45. [DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2013.867079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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41
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Belgio E, Duffy CDP, Ruban AV. Switching light harvesting complex II into photoprotective state involves the lumen-facing apoprotein loop. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:12253-61. [PMID: 23771239 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51925b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In higher plants, high light conditions trigger the activation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a process of photoprotective light energy dissipation, via acidification of the chloroplast lumen. Spectral changes occurring in the neoxanthin domain of the major light harvesting antenna complex (LHCII) have previously provided indirect evidence of a protein conformational switch during NPQ. We report here of two recombinant LHCII complexes mutated at the level of lumenal loop with altered quenching capacity with respect to the control. Replacement of the acidic lumenal-facing residue aspartate 111 (D111) with neutral valine (V111) yielded a recombinant complex with increased quenching capacity under low pH, due to a shift of the pK by 1 pH unit. The increase in total quenching was consistent with 40% reduction in the relative chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime and was accompanied by a lower energy emitting state of the mutant, as demonstrated by 77 K fluorescence spectroscopy. On the other hand, replacement of acidic glutamate 94 (E94) with glycine (G94) resulted in reduction of the fluorescence quenching yield attained at low pH. These results show for the first time that a subtle change in the LHCII apoprotein structure at the level of the lumenal loop induced by single aminoacid mutagenesis can affect protein sensitivity to pH leading to the establishment of NPQ. This work opens a potential avenue for manipulation of light harvesting efficiency in the natural antenna pigment-protein complexes that can be used for the creation of hybrid light energy conversion systems in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Belgio
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, Fogg Building, London E1 4NS, UK
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42
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Solymosi K, Aronsson H. Etioplasts and Their Significance in Chloroplast Biogenesis. PLASTID DEVELOPMENT IN LEAVES DURING GROWTH AND SENESCENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5724-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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43
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Bektas I, Fellenberg C, Paulsen H. Water-soluble chlorophyll protein (WSCP) of Arabidopsis is expressed in the gynoecium and developing silique. PLANTA 2012; 236:251-259. [PMID: 22350767 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble chlorophyll protein (WSCP) has been found in many Brassicaceae, most often in leaves. In many cases, its expression is stress-induced, therefore, it is thought to be involved in some stress response. In this work, recombinant WSCP from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtWSCP) is found to form chlorophyll-protein complexes in vitro that share many properties with recombinant or native WSCP from Brassica oleracea, BoWSCP, including an unusual heat resistance up to 100°C in aqueous solution. A polyclonal antibody raised against the recombinant apoprotein is used to identify plant tissues expressing AtWSCP. The only plant organs containing significant amounts of AtWSCP are the gynoecium in open flowers and the septum of developing siliques, specifically the transmission tract. In fully grown but still green siliques, the protein has almost disappeared. Possible implications for AtWSCP functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Bektas
- Institut f. Allgemeine Botanik der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55099, Mainz, Germany
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From red to blue to far-red in Lhca4: How does the protein modulate the spectral properties of the pigments? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:711-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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45
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Werwie M, Xu X, Haase M, Basché T, Paulsen H. Bio serves nano: biological light-harvesting complex as energy donor for semiconductor quantum dots. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:5810-8. [PMID: 22401299 DOI: 10.1021/la204970a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complex (LHCII) of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants is attached to type-II core-shell CdTe/CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals (quantum dots, QD) exhibiting an absorption band at 710 nm and carrying a dihydrolipoic acid coating for water solubility. LHCII stays functional upon binding to the QD surface and enhances the light utilization of the QDs significantly, similar to its light-harvesting function in photosynthesis. Electronic excitation energy transfer of about 50% efficiency is shown by donor (LHCII) fluorescence quenching as well as sensitized acceptor (QD) emission and corroborated by time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The energy transfer efficiency is commensurable with the expected efficiency calculated according to Förster theory on the basis of the estimated donor-acceptor separation. Light harvesting is particularly efficient in the red spectral domain where QD absorption is relatively low. Excitation over the entire visible spectrum is further improved by complementing the biological pigments in LHCII with a dye attached to the apoprotein; the dye has been chosen to absorb in the "green gap" of the LHCII absorption spectrum and transfers its excitation energy ultimately to QD. This is the first report of a biological light-harvesting complex serving an inorganic semiconductor nanocrystal. Due to the charge separation between the core and the shell in type-II QDs the presented LHCII-QD hybrid complexes are potentially interesting for sensitized charge-transfer and photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Werwie
- Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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46
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Yang C. Analysis of heat-induced disassembly process of three different monomeric forms of the major light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex of photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 111:103-11. [PMID: 21892736 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The temperature-dependent disassembly process of three monomeric isoforms, namely Lhcb1, Lhcb2, and Lhcb3, of the major light-harvesting chlorophyll (Chl) a/b complexes of photosystem II (LHCIIb) were characterized by observing the changes of absorption spectra, circular dichroism (CD), and dissociation processes of the bound pigments to the in vitro reconstituted complexes subjected to high temperatures. Our results suggest that the three isoforms of LHCIIb undergo conformational rearrangements, structural changes, and dissociations of the bound pigments when the ambient temperature increases from 20 to 90°C. The conformation of the complexes changed sensitively to the changing temperatures because the absorption peaks in the Soret region (436 and 471 nm) and the Qy region (650-660 and 680 nm) decreased immediately upon elevating the ambient temperatures. Analyzing temperature-dependent denaturing and pigment dissociation process, we can divide the disassembly process into three stages: The first stage, appeared from 20°C to around 50-60°C, was characterized by the diminishment of the absorption around 650-660 and 680 nm, accompanied by the blue-shift of the peak at 471 nm and disappearance of the absorbance at 436 nm, which is related to changes in the transition energy of the Chl b cluster, and the red-most Chl a cluster in the LHCIIb. The second stage, beginning at about 50-60°C, was signified by the diminishment of the CD signal between (+)483 nm and (-)490 nm, which implied the disturbance of dipole-dipole interaction of pigments, and the onset of the pigment dissociation. The last stage, beginning at about 70-80°C, indicates the complete dissociation of the pigments from the complex. The physiological aspects of the three stages in the denaturing process are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology; Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing, 100093, China
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47
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Dockter C, Müller AH, Dietz C, Volkov A, Polyhach Y, Jeschke G, Paulsen H. Rigid core and flexible terminus: structure of solubilized light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex (LHCII) measured by EPR. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:2915-25. [PMID: 22147706 PMCID: PMC3268448 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.307728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of the major light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex (LHCII) was analyzed by pulsed EPR measurements and compared with the crystal structure. Site-specific spin labeling of the recombinant protein allowed the measurement of distance distributions over several intra- and intermolecular distances in monomeric and trimeric LHCII, yielding information on the protein structure and its local flexibility. A spin label rotamer library based on a molecular dynamics simulation was used to take the local mobility of spin labels into account. The core of LHCII in solution adopts a structure very similar or identical to the one seen in crystallized LHCII trimers with little motional freedom as indicated by narrow distance distributions along and between α helices. However, distances comprising the lumenal loop domain show broader distance distributions, indicating some mobility of this loop structure. Positions in the hydrophilic N-terminal domain, upstream of the first trans-membrane α helix, exhibit more and more mobility the closer they are to the N terminus. The nine amino acids at the very N terminus that have not been resolved in any of the crystal structure analyses give rise to very broad and possibly bimodal distance distributions, which may represent two families of preferred conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Dockter
- From the Institut für Allgemeine Botanik der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - André H. Müller
- From the Institut für Allgemeine Botanik der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Dietz
- From the Institut für Allgemeine Botanik der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Aleksei Volkov
- the Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, 55021 Mainz, Germany, and
| | - Yevhen Polyhach
- the Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- the Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Harald Paulsen
- From the Institut für Allgemeine Botanik der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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48
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Marin A, Passarini F, van Stokkum IHM, van Grondelle R, Croce R. Minor complexes at work: light-harvesting by carotenoids in the photosystem II antenna complexes CP24 and CP26. Biophys J 2011; 100:2829-38. [PMID: 21641329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant photosynthesis relies on the capacity of chlorophylls and carotenoids to absorb light. One of the roles of carotenoids is to harvest green-blue light and transfer the excitation energy to the chlorophylls. The corresponding dynamics were investigated here for the first time, to our knowledge, in the CP26 and CP24 minor antenna complexes. The results for the two complexes differ substantially. In CP26 fast transfer (80 fs) occurs from the carotenoid S(2) state to chlorophylls a absorbing at 675 and 678 nm, whereas transfer from the hot S(1) state to the lowest energy chlorophylls is observed in <1 ps. In CP24, energy transfer from the S(2) state leads in 80 fs to the population of chlorophylls b and high-energy chlorophylls a absorbing at 670 nm, whereas the low-energy chlorophylls a are populated only in several picoseconds. The results suggest that CP26 has a structural and functional organization similar to that of LHCII, whereas CP24 differs substantially from the other Lhc complexes, especially regarding the lutein L1 binding domain. No energy transfer from the carotenoid S(1) state to chlorophylls was observed in either complex, suggesting that this state is energetically below the chlorophyll Qy state and therefore may play a role in the quenching of chlorophyll excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marin
- Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jahns P, Holzwarth AR. The role of the xanthophyll cycle and of lutein in photoprotection of photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:182-93. [PMID: 21565154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 609] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photoprotection of photosystem II (PSII) is essential to avoid the light-induced damage of the photosynthetic apparatus due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (=photo-oxidative stress) under excess light. Carotenoids are known to play a crucial role in these processes based on their property to deactivate triplet chlorophyll (³Chl*) and singlet oxygen (¹O₂*). Xanthophylls are further assumed to be involved either directly or indirectly in the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of excess light energy in the antenna of PSII. This review gives an overview on recent progress in the understanding of the photoprotective role of the xanthophylls zeaxanthin (which is formed in the light in the so-called xanthophyll cycle) and lutein with emphasis on the NPQ processes associated with PSII of higher plants. The current knowledge supports the view that the photoprotective role of Lut is predominantly restricted to its function in the deactivation of ³Chl*, while zeaxanthin is the major player in the deactivation of excited singlet Chl (¹Chl*) and thus in NPQ (non-photochemical quenching). Additionally, zeaxanthin serves important functions as an antioxidant in the lipid phase of the membrane and is likely to act as a key component in the memory of the chloroplast with respect to preceding photo-oxidative stress. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr.1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Marin A, Passarini F, Croce R, van Grondelle R. Energy transfer pathways in the CP24 and CP26 antenna complexes of higher plant photosystem II: a comparative study. Biophys J 2011; 99:4056-65. [PMID: 21156149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antenna complexes are key components of plant photosynthesis, the process that converts sunlight, CO2, and water into oxygen and sugars. We report the first (to our knowledge) femtosecond transient absorption study on the light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes CP26 (Lhcb5) and CP24 (Lhcb6) of Photosystem II. The complexes are excited at three different wavelengths in the chlorophyll (Chl) Qy region. Both complexes show a single subpicosecond Chl b to Chl a transfer process. In addition, a reduction in the population of the intermediate states (in the 660-670 nm range) as compared to light-harvesting complex II is correlated in CP26 to the absence of both Chls a604 and b605. However, Chl forms around 670 nm are still present in the Chl a Qy range, which undergoes relaxation with slow rates (10-15 ps). This reduction in intermediate-state amplitude CP24 shows a distinctive narrow band at 670 nm connected with Chls b and decaying to the low-energy Chl a states in 3-5 ps. This 670 nm band, which is fully populated in 0.6 ps together with the Chl a low-energy states, is proposed to originate from Chl 602 or 603. In this study, we monitored the energy flow within two minor complexes, and our results may help elucidate these structures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marin
- Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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