1
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Zhang YP, Luan CC, Lu ZY, Chen N, Zhang YJ, Cui CX. Brass wires with different surface wettability used for in-tube solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1670:462948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Zn-mesoporous metal-organic framework incorporated with copper ions modified glassy carbon electrode: Electrocatalytic oxidation and determination of amoxicillin. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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3
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Djozan D, Norouzi J, Farajzadeh MA. On-Line Sorbentless Cryogenic Needle Trap and GC–FID Method for the Extraction and Analysis of Trace Volatile Organic Compounds from Soil Samples. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:887-895. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, an automated sorbentless cryogenic needle trap device (ASCNTD) coupled with a gas chromatograph (GC) was developed with the aim of sampling, pre-concentration and determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from soil sample. This paper describes optimization of relevant parameters, performance evaluation and an illustrative application of ASCNTD. The ASCNTD system consists of a 5 cm stainless steel needle passed through a hollow ceramic rod which is coiled with resistive nichrome wire. The set is placed in a PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) chamber through which liquid nitrogen can flow. The headspace components are circulated with a pump to pass through the needle, and this results in freeze-trapping of the VOCs on the inner surface of the needle. When extraction is completed, the analytes trapped in the inner wall of the needle were thermally desorbed and swept by the carrier gas into the GC capillary column. The parameters being effective on the extraction processes, namely headspace flow rate, the temperature and time of extraction and desorption were optimized and evaluated. The developed technique was compared to the headspace solid-phase microextraction method for the analysis of soil samples containing BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene). The relative standard deviation values are below 8% and detection limits as low as 1.2 ng g−1 were obtained for BTEX by ASCNTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djavanshir Djozan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jamal Norouzi
- Department of Chemistry, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Piryaei M. Layered double hydroxide films on nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide/aluminum wire: a new fiber for rapid analysis of Origanum vulgare essential oils. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:243-245. [PMID: 28659062 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1344656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zn/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) films were fabricated in situ with anodic aluminium oxide aluminium as both the substrate and the sole aluminium source by means of urea hydrolysis. Headspace solid phase microextraction using LDH fibre in combination with capillary GC-MS was utilised as a monitoring technique for the collection and detection of the volatile compounds of Origanum vulgare. Experimental parameters, including the sample weight, microwave power, extraction time and humidity effect, were examined and optimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Piryaei
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Maragheh , Maragheh , Iran
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5
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Berijani S, Sadigh M, Pournamdari E. Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Environmental Water Samples Prior to Gas Chromatography-Flame Photometric Detection. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1061-7. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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6
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Bagheri H, Javanmardi H, Abbasi A, Banihashemi S. A metal organic framework-polyaniline nanocomposite as a fiber coating for solid phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1431:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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7
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A nanoporous anodized alumina wire with a nanosized hydroxyapatite coating for headspace solid-phase microextraction of phenol and chlorophenols. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Cork as a new (green) coating for solid-phase microextraction: Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 772:33-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Nanoparticle-Incorporated PDMS Film as an Improved Performance SPME Fiber for Analysis of Volatile Components ofEucalyptusLeaf. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/347927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new fabrication strategy was proposed to prepare polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-) coated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) on inexpensive and unbreakable Cu fiber. PDMS was covalently bonded to the Cu substrate using self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (3MPTS) as binder. To increase the performance of the fiber, the incorporation effect of some nanomaterials including silica nanoparticles (NPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNT-COOH) to PDMS coating was compared. The surface morphology of the prepared fibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their applicability was evaluated through the extraction of some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ofEucalyptusleaf in headspace mode, and parameters affecting the extraction efficiency including extraction temperature and extraction time were optimized. Extracted compounds were analyzed by GC-MS instrument. The results obtained indicated that prepared fibers have some advantages relative to previously prepared SPME fibers, such as higher thermal stability and improved performance of the fiber. Also, results showed that SPME is a fast, simple, quick, and sensitive technique for sampling and sample introduction ofEucalyptusVOCs.
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10
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Aniline-silica nanocomposite as a novel solid phase microextraction fiber coating. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1238:22-9. [PMID: 22498354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new unbreakable solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating based on aniline-silica nanocomposite was electrodeposited on a stainless steel wire. The electropolymerization process was carried out at a constant deposition potential, applied to the corresponding aqueous electrolyte containing aniline and silica nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the non-smooth and the porous surface structure of the prepared nanocomposite. The applicability of the new fiber coating was examined by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of some environmentally important polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as model compounds, from aqueous samples. Subsequently, the extracted analytes were transferred into a gas chromatography (GC) by thermal desorption. Parameters affecting the synthesizing and extraction processes including the voltage of power supply, the weight ratio of components, the time of electrodeposition, extraction time and temperature, the ionic strength, and desorption temperature and time were optimized. Eventually, the developed method was validated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). At the optimum conditions, the relative standard deviation (%RSD) values for a double distilled water spiked with the selected PAHs at 40 ng L(-1) were 6-13% (n=3) while the limit of detection (LOD) results were between 1 and 3 ng L(-1). The calibration graphs were linear in the concentration range from 20 to 4000 ng L(-1) (R(2)>0.995). Finally the developed method was applied to the analysis of Kalan dam, rain and tap water samples and the relative recovery values were found to be in the range of 76-109%, under optimized conditions. In addition, the synthesis of the nanocomposite coating was carried out conveniently while it is rather inexpensive, easy, simple, rapid and highly durable and can be used frequently.
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11
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Sorbentless cryogenic needle trap device for the extraction of organic volatile compounds. Mikrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Ponnusamy VK, Jen JF. A novel graphene nanosheets coated stainless steel fiber for microwave assisted headspace solid phase microextraction of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous samples followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6861-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol at copper bromide modified copper electrode in comparison to bare and copper chloride modified copper electrodes. CATAL COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Djozan D, Ebrahimi B, Mahkam M, Farajzadeh MA. Evaluation of a new method for chemical coating of aluminum wire with molecularly imprinted polymer layer. Application for the fabrication of triazines selective solid-phase microextraction fiber. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 674:40-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 05/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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16
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Sha Y, Meng J, Lin H, Deng C, Liu B. Development of single-drop microextraction and simultaneous derivatization followed by GC-MS for the determination of aliphatic amines in tobacco. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1283-7. [PMID: 20201049 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, headspace (HS) single-drop microextraction and simultaneous derivatization followed by GC-MS was developed to determine the aliphatic amines in tobacco samples. In the HS extraction procedure, the mixture of derivatization reagent and organic solvent was employed as the extraction solvent for HS single-drop microextraction and in situ derivatization of aliphatic amine in the samples. Fast extraction and simultaneous derivatization of the analytes were performed in a single step, and the obtained derivatives in the microdrop extraction solvent were analyzed by GC-MS. The optimized experiment conditions were: sample preparation temperature of 80 degrees C and time of 30 min, HS extraction solvent (the mixture of benzyl alcohol and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzaldehyde) volume of 2.0 microL, extraction time of 90 s. With the optimal conditions, the method validations were also studied. The method has good linearity (R(2) more than 0.99), accepted precision (RSD less than 13%), good recovery (98-104%) and low limit of detection (0.11-0.97 microg/g). Finally, the proposed technique was successfully applied to the analyses of aliphatic amines in tobacco samples of seven different brands. It was further demonstrated that the proposed method offered a simple, low-cost and reliable approach to determine aliphatic amines in tobacco samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Sha
- Shanghai Tobacco (Group) Corporation Technical Center, Shanghai, PR China
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17
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Preparation of a polyacrylonitrile/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization on a stainless steel wire for solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2758-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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A novel TiO2 nanotube array/Ti wire incorporated solid-phase microextraction fiber with high strength, efficiency and selectivity. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1898-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Karim-Nezhad G, Seyed Dorraji P. Copper chloride modified copper electrode: Application to electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Farajzadeh MA, Seyedi SE, Shalamzari MS, Bamorowat M. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using extraction solvent lighter than water. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3191-200. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Djozan D, Mahkam M, Ebrahimi B. Preparation and binding study of solid-phase microextraction fiber on the basis of ametryn-imprinted polymer. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2211-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 12/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Sereshti H, Karimi M, Samadi S. Application of response surface method for optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of water-soluble components of Rosa damascena Mill. essential oil. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Djozan D, Ebrahimi B. Preparation of new solid phase micro extraction fiber on the basis of atrazine-molecular imprinted polymer: Application for GC and GC/MS screening of triazine herbicides in water, rice and onion. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 616:152-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 04/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Cao DD, Lü JX, Liu JF, Jiang GB. In situ fabrication of nanostructured titania coating on the surface of titanium wire: A new approach for preparation of solid-phase microextraction fiber. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 611:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Farahani H, Norouzi P, Dinarvand R, Ganjali MR. Development of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as a simple, rapid and highly sensitive method for the determination of phthalate esters in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1172:105-12. [PMID: 17959192 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and efficient method, the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) in conjunction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), has been developed for the extraction and determination of phthalate esters (dimethyl phthalate, diallyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate) in water samples. Factors relevant to the microextraction efficiency, such as the kind of extraction, the disperser solvent and their volume, the salt effect and the extraction time were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized extraction conditions (extraction solvent: chlorobenzene, volume, 9.5microL; disperser solvent: acetone, volume, 0.50mL, without salt addition and extraction time below 5s), the figures of merit of the proposed method were evaluated. The values of the detection limit of the method were in the range of 0.002-0.008microgL(-1), while the RSD% value for the analysis of 1microgL(-1) of the analytes was below 6.8% (n=4). A good linearity (0.9962>/=r(2)>/=0.9901) and a broad linear range (0.02-100microgL(-1)) were obtained. The method exhibited enrichment factors and recoveries, ranging from 681 to 889 and 68.1 to 88.9%, respectively, at room temperature (25+/-1 degrees C). Finally, the proposed method was successfully utilized for the preconcentration and determination of the phthalate esters in different real water samples and satisfactory results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Farahani
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
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Fattahi N, Samadi S, Assadi Y, Hosseini MRM. Solid-phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction-ultra preconcentration of chlorophenols in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1169:63-9. [PMID: 17900597 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solid-phase extraction (SPE) joined with the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has been developed as an ultra preconcentration technique for the determination of chlorophenols in water samples. Chlorophenols (CPs) were employed as model compounds to assess the extraction procedure and were determined by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). In solid-phase extraction-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SPE-DLLME), CPs were adsorbed from a large volume of aqueous samples (100 mL) into 100 mg functionalized styrene-divinylbenzene polymer (PPL) sorbent. After the elution of the desired compounds from the sorbent by using acetone, DLLME technique was performed on the obtained solution. Some important extraction parameters, such as sample solution flow rate, breakthrough volume, sample pH, type and volume of the elution solvent as well as the salt addition, were studied and optimized. The new method (SPE-DLLME) provided an ultra enrichment factor (4390-17,870) for 19 CPs. The calibration graphs were linear in the range of 0.001-20 microg L(-1) and the limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.0005 to 0.1 microg L(-1). The relative standard deviations (RSDs, for 10.0 microg L(-1) of MCPs, 5.00 microg L(-1) of DCPs, 0.200 microg L(-1) of TCPs, 0.100 microg L(-1) of TeCPs and PCP) with and without the internal standard varied from 1.1 to 6.4% (n=7) and 2.5-9.7% (n=7), respectively. The relative recoveries of the well, tap and river water samples, spiked with different levels of CPs, were 71-110%, 73-115% and 88-121%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Fattahi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Center, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Djozan D, Baheri T. Preparation and evaluation of solid-phase microextraction fibers based on monolithic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of diacetylmorphine and analogous compounds. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1166:16-23. [PMID: 17723231 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2006] [Revised: 07/29/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
All of the studies on solid-phase microextraction based on molecularly imprinted polymers up to now have been carried out on the synthesis of the polymer on the surface of the fiber which is brittle and the polymer coating strips during handling. The objective of this study was to develop a method for fabrication of a monolithic and robust solid-phase microextraction fiber on the basis of molecularly imprinted polymer for selective extraction of diacetylmorphine and its structural analogues followed by their GC or GC/MS analysis. A fiber was produced by copolymerization of methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate imprinted with diacetylmorphine. The effective factors influencing the polymerization have been investigated and are detailed here. Also, the influences of pH, extraction time and temperature on the extraction efficiency of analytes were investigated. The prepared fiber was thermally stable up to 300 degrees C which has vital importance in SPME coupled with GC or GC/MS. The adsorption isotherm modeling was performed by fitting the data of studied compounds to bi-Langmuir isotherm model. The evaluated equilibrium constants for diacetylmorphine were 0.011 and 1824.72 microM(-1), and the number of binding sites was 170.37 and 4.64 nmolg(-1), respectively. This fiber was successfully used for extraction of template molecule from aqueous solution and further analysis with GC or GC/MS. The high extraction efficiency was obtained for diacetylmorphine, 6-monoacetylcodeine, and 6-monoacetylmorphine, yielding the detection limits of 300, 47, and 1 ngmL(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djavanshir Djozan
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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29
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Djozan D, Baheri T, Pournaghi-Azar MH. Development of Electro Solid-Phase Microextraction and Application to Methamphetamine Analysis. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Berijani S, Assadi Y, Anbia M, Milani Hosseini MR, Aghaee E. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1123:1-9. [PMID: 16716329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new method was used for the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) from water samples: dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection (GC-FPD). In this extraction method, a mixture of 12.0 microL chlorobenzene (extraction solvent) and 1.00 mL acetone (disperser solvent) is rapidly injected into the 5.00 mL water sample by syringe. Thereby, a cloudy solution is formed. In fact, the cloudy state is because of the formation of fine droplets of chlorobenzene, which has been dispersed among the sample solution. In this step, the OPPs in water sample are extracted into the fine droplets of chlorobenzene. After centrifuging (2 min at 5000 rpm), the fine droplets of chlorobenzene are sedimented in the bottom of the conical test tube (5.0+/-0.3 microL). Sedimented phase (0.50 microl) is injected into the GC for separation and determination of OPPs. Some important parameters, such as kind of extraction and disperser solvent and volume of them, extraction time, temperature and salt effect were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were high and ranged between 789-1070 and 78.9-107%, respectively. The linear range was wide (10-100,000 pg/mL, four orders of magnitude) and limit of detections were very low and were between 3 to 20 pg/mL for most of the analytes. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for 2.00 microg/L of OPPs in water with internal standard were in the range of 1.2-5.6% (n=5) and without internal standard were in the range of 4.6-6.5%. The relative recoveries of OPPs from river, well and farm water at spiking levels of 50, 500 and 5000 pg/mL were 84-125, 88-123 and 93-118%, respectively. The performance of proposed method was compared with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and single drop microextraction. DLLME is a very simple and rapid (less than 3 min) method, which requires low volume of sample (5 mL). It also has high enrichment factor and recoveries for extraction of OPPs from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Berijani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Panavaite D, Padarauskas A, Vickackaite V. Silicone glue coated stainless steel wire for solid phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 571:45-50. [PMID: 17723418 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Revised: 04/14/2006] [Accepted: 04/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber based on high-temperature silicone glue coated on a stainless steel wire is presented. The fiber coating can be prepared easily in a few minutes, it is mechanically stable and exhibits relatively high thermal stability (up to 260 degrees C). The extraction properties of the fiber to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) were examined using both direct and headspace SPME modes coupled to gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. The effects of the extraction and desorption parameters including extraction and desorption time, sampling and desorption temperature, and ionic strength on the extraction/desorption efficiency have been studied. For both headspace and direct SPME the calibration graphs were linear in the concentration range from 0.5 microg L(-1) to 10 mg L(-1) (R2>0.996) and detection limits ranged from 0.07 to 0.24 microg L(-1). Single fiber repeatability and fiber-to-fiber reproducibility were less than 6.8 and 21.5%, respectively. Finally, headspace SPME was applied to determine BTEX in petrol station waste waters with spiked recoveries in the range of 89.7-105.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Panavaite
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Quintana JB, Rodríguez I. Strategies for the microextraction of polar organic contaminants in water samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 384:1447-61. [PMID: 16496135 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper the most recent developments in the microextraction of polar analytes from aqueous environmental samples are critically reviewed. The particularities of different microextraction approaches, mainly solid-phase microextraction (SPME), stir-bar-sorptive extraction (SBSE), and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), and their suitability for use in combination with chromatographic or electrically driven separation techniques for determination of polar species are discussed. The compatibility of microextraction techniques, especially SPME, with different derivatisation strategies enabling GC determination of polar analytes and improving their extractability is revised. In addition to the use of derivatisation reactions, the possibility of enhancing the yield of solid-phase microextraction methods for polar analytes by using new coatings and/or larger amounts of sorbent is also considered. Finally, attention is also focussed on describing the versatility of LPME in its different possible formats and its ability to improve selectivity in the extraction of polar analytes with acid-base properties by using separation membranes and buffer solutions, instead of organic solvents, as the acceptor solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Benito Quintana
- Department of Water Quality Control, Technical University of Berlin, Sekr KF 4, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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Djozan D, Amir-Zehni M. Determination of L-Dopa and L-Dopamine in Aqueous Solutions Using In-Loop SPME Coupled with LC. Chromatographia 2005. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-005-0587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Djozan D, Amir-Zehni M. In-Loop Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2004. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-004-0402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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