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Georgieva R, Mircheva K, Vitkova V, Balashev K, Ivanova T, Tessier C, Koumanov K, Nuss P, Momchilova A, Staneva G. Phospholipase A2-Induced Remodeling Processes on Liquid-Ordered/Liquid-Disordered Membranes Containing Docosahexaenoic or Oleic Acid: A Comparison Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:1756-1770. [PMID: 26794691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle cycling, which is an important biological event, involves the interplay between membrane lipids and proteins, among which the enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2) plays a critical role. The capacity of PLA2 to trigger the budding and fission of liquid-ordered (L(o)) domains has been examined in palmitoyl-docosahexaenoylphosphatidylcholine (PDPC) and palmitoyl-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC)/sphingomyelin/cholesterol membranes. They both exhibited a L(o)/liquid-disordered (L(d)) phase separation. We demonstrated that PLA2 was able to trigger budding in PDPC-containing vesicles but not POPC ones. The enzymatic activity, line tension, and elasticity of the membrane surrounding the L(o) domains are critical for budding. The higher line tension of Lo domains in PDPC mixtures was assigned to the greater difference in order parameters of the coexisting phases. The higher amount of lysophosphatidylcholine generated by PLA2 in the PDPC-containing mixtures led to a less-rigid membrane, compared to POPC. The more elastic L(d) membranes in PDPC mixtures exert a lower counteracting force against the L(o) domain bending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayna Georgieva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kristina Mircheva
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia , 1 J. Bourchier Str., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Vitkova
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Konstantin Balashev
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia , 1 J. Bourchier Str., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tzvetanka Ivanova
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia , 1 J. Bourchier Str., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Cedric Tessier
- Sorbonne Universites-UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7203, INSERM ERL 1157, CHU St. Antoine, 27 rue Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP , Paris, France
| | - Kamen Koumanov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Philippe Nuss
- Sorbonne Universites-UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7203, INSERM ERL 1157, CHU St. Antoine, 27 rue Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP , Paris, France
| | - Albena Momchilova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Galya Staneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Abstract
Lagenidium giganteum is a facultative parasite of mosquito larvae that initiates infection by production of biflagellate zoospores that selectively recognize and attach to larval cuticle. Following penetration of the cuticle, the parasite proliferates within the host, killing it within 24-60 h. Under optimum conditions the mycelia differentiate to produce asexual and/or sexual reproductive structures that produce zoospores within hours (asexual stage) to amplify the initial infection, or remain dormant for days, months or years (sexual stage), until conditions are conducive to mosquito breeding and spore germination. Recycling following a single application has been documented for up to 8-10 years. Environmental conditions that reduce or eliminate zoospore production, including temperature extremes (less than 16 degrees C or greater than 32 degrees C) and moderate levels of salinity and organic load, preclude use of the parasite for operational mosquito control. Three formulations of L. giganteum have been registered with the USEPA. Widespread use of the parasite will be possible when yields of the sexual stage in liquid culture are increased by a factor of ca. 10(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Kerwin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Noverr MC, Erb-Downward JR, Huffnagle GB. Production of eicosanoids and other oxylipins by pathogenic eukaryotic microbes. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003; 16:517-33. [PMID: 12857780 PMCID: PMC164223 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.16.3.517-533.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are oxygenated metabolites of fatty acids. Eicosanoids are a subset of oxylipins and include the prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are potent regulators of host immune responses. Host cells are one source of eicosanoids and oxylipins during infection; however, another potential source of eicosanoids is the pathogen itself. A broad range of pathogenic fungi, protozoa, and helminths produce eicosanoids and other oxylipins by novel synthesis pathways. Why do these organisms produce oxylipins? Accumulating data suggest that phase change and differentiation in these organisms are controlled by oxylipins, including prostaglandins and lipoxygenase products. The precise role of pathogen-derived eicosanoids in pathogenesis remains to be determined, but the potential link between pathogen eicosanoids and the development of TH2 responses in the host is intriguing. Mammalian prostaglandins and leukotrienes have been studied extensively, and these molecules can modulate Th1 versus Th2 immune responses, chemokine production, phagocytosis, lymphocyte proliferation, and leukocyte chemotaxis. Thus, eicosanoids and oxylipins (host or microbe) may be mediators of a direct host-pathogen "cross-talk" that promotes chronic infection and hypersensitivity disease, common features of infection by eukaryotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi C Noverr
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0642, USA
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