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Monroig Ó, Shu-Chien A, Kabeya N, Tocher D, Castro L. Desaturases and elongases involved in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in aquatic animals: From genes to functions. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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2
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Tan K, Zheng H. Endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthesis capability in commercially important mollusks. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2836-2844. [PMID: 33354986 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1860896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mollusks are excellent dietary sources for LC-PUFA. However, the main challenge limiting mollusk production is the high mortality rate of molluskan larvae in early life cycle stages. This paper reviews scientific evidences on molecular and biochemical studies of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in commercially important molluskan species. It carefully summarizes the pertinent data published on specific research questions to improve the understanding of the diverse evidences. It is helpful to clarify the current state of research and determine topics for future studies on LC-PUFA biosynthesis in mollusks. From the analysis of published data, mollusks have the ability to biosynthesis LC-PUFA to a certain extent. LC-PUFA biosynthesis information of commercially important molluskan species can be useful to determine the fatty acids essential for their diet. Therefore, specific management strategies or feeds can be developed to strengthen the industry by improving the health and survival rate of molluskan larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsoon Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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3
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Li S, Alfaro AC, Nguyen TV, Young T, Lulijwa R. An integrated omics approach to investigate summer mortality of New Zealand Greenshell™ mussels. Metabolomics 2020; 16:100. [PMID: 32915338 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green-lipped mussels, commercially known as Greenshell™ mussels (Perna canaliculus Gmelin 1791), contribute > $300 million to New Zealand's aquaculture exports. However, mortalities during summer months and potential pathogenic outbreaks threaten the industry. Thermal stress mechanisms and immunological responses to pathogen infections need to be understood to develop health assessment strategies and early warning systems. METHODS P. canaliculus were collected during a mortality event at a commercial aquaculture farm in Firth of Thames, New Zealand. Gill tissues from six healthy and six unhealthy mussels were excised and processed for metabolomic (GC-MS) and label-free proteomic (LC-MS) profiling. Univariate analyses were conducted separately on each data layer, with data being integrated via sparse multiple discriminative canonical correlation analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis was used to probe coordinated changes in functionally related metabolite sets. RESULTS Findings revealed disruptions of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and fatty acid metabolism in unhealthy mussels. Metabolomics analyses also indicated oxidative stress in unhealthy mussels. Proteomics analyses identified under-expression of proteins associated with cytoskeleton structure and regulation of cilia/flagellum in gill tissues of unhealthy mussels. Integrated omics revealed a positive correlation between Annexin A4 and CCDC 150 and saturated fatty acids, as well as a negative correlation between 2-aminoadipic acid and multiple cytoskeletal proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the ability of using integrative omics to reveal metabolic perturbations and protein structural changes in the gill tissues of stressed P. canaliculus and provides new insight into metabolite and protein interactions associated with incidences of summer mortality in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Li
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Thao V Nguyen
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ronald Lulijwa
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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4
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Zhukova NV. Fatty Acids of Marine Mollusks: Impact of Diet, Bacterial Symbiosis and Biosynthetic Potential. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E857. [PMID: 31835867 PMCID: PMC6995604 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) families are essential for important physiological processes. Their major source are marine ecosystems. The fatty acids (FAs) from phytoplankton, which are the primary producer of organic matter and PUFAs, are transferred into consumers via food webs. Mollusk FAs have attracted the attention of researchers that has been driven by their critical roles in aquatic ecology and their importance as sources of essential PUFAs. The main objective of this review is to focus on the most important factors and causes determining the biodiversity of the mollusk FAs, with an emphasis on the key relationship of these FAs with the food spectrum and trophic preference. The marker FAs of trophic sources are also of particular interest. The discovery of new symbioses involving invertebrates and bacteria, which are responsible for nutrition of the host, deserves special attention. The present paper also highlights recent research into the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of PUFA biosynthesis in marine mollusks. The biosynthetic capacities of marine mollusks require a well-grounded evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Zhukova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia; ; Tel.: +7-423-231-0937; Fax: +7-423-231-0900
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
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5
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Chetoui I, Bejaoui S, Trabelsi W, Rabeh I, Nechi S, Chelbi E, Ghalghaf M, El Cafsi M, Soudani N. Exposure ofMactra corallinato acute doses of lead: effects on redox status, fatty acid composition and histomorphological aspect. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 45:311-323. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1693590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Imene Chetoui
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Biology Department, Research, Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Safa Bejaoui
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Biology Department, Research, Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Trabelsi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Biology Department, Research, Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Rabeh
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Biology Department, Research, Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Nechi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Emna Chelbi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ghalghaf
- Aquatic Environment Exploitation Resources Unit, Higher Institute Fishing and Fish Farming of Bizerte, Menzel Jemil, Tunisia
| | - Mhamed El Cafsi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Biology Department, Research, Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Biology Department, Research, Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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6
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Rato A, Pereira LF, Joaquim S, Gomes R, Afonso C, Cardoso C, Machado J, Gonçalves JFM, Vaz-Pires P, Magnoni LJ, Matias AM, Matias D, Bandarra NM, Ozório ROA. Fatty Acid Profile of Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Fed Different Ratios of Dietary Seaweed and Microalgae during Broodstock Conditioning. Lipids 2019; 54:531-542. [PMID: 31314150 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid (FA) profile of oysters generally reflects the dietary FA composition. Moreover, incorporation of FA into tissues is modulated by various metabolic factors, and final composition will depend upon the dietary sources, cumulative intake, and oysters' development stage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary incorporation of seaweed (SW) Ulva rigida, in replacement of traditional microalgae diet, on the FA composition of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas, during broodstock conditioning. The dietary conditioning consisted of direct replacement of microalgae (33% Tisochrysis lutea, 50.25% Skeletonema costatum, and 16.75% Chaetoceros calcitrans) by SW at four different substitution levels (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% diet). The dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5n-3) contents showed a positive correlation with the dietary microalgae level. During the trial, oysters fed with higher percentages of microalgae revealed a depletion of DHA and accumulation of EPA. The 100% SW caused a significant reduction in oxygen consumption and, consequently, in the standard metabolic rate. Based on these results, a partial substitution of up to 25% of dietary microalgae seems to be a suitable alternative, because it elicited similar results to the commercial 100% microalgae diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rato
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal.,Department of Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. 5 de Outubro s/n, Olhão, 8700-305, Portugal
| | - Luís F Pereira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal
| | - Sandra Joaquim
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal.,Department of Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. 5 de Outubro s/n, Olhão, 8700-305, Portugal
| | - Romina Gomes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal.,Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, IPMA, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, Lisbon, 1495-006, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Afonso
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal.,Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, IPMA, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, Lisbon, 1495-006, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal.,Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, IPMA, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, Lisbon, 1495-006, Portugal
| | - Jorge Machado
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal.,Department of Aquatic Production, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, 228 4050-313, Portugal
| | - José F M Gonçalves
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal.,Department of Aquatic Production, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, 228 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Paulo Vaz-Pires
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal.,Department of Aquatic Production, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, 228 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Leonardo J Magnoni
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal
| | - Ana M Matias
- Department of Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. 5 de Outubro s/n, Olhão, 8700-305, Portugal
| | - Domitília Matias
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal.,Department of Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. 5 de Outubro s/n, Olhão, 8700-305, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M Bandarra
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal.,Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, IPMA, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, Lisbon, 1495-006, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo O A Ozório
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal
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Sukhotin A, Fokina N, Ruokolainen T, Bock C, Pörtner HO, Lannig G. Does the membrane pacemaker theory of metabolism explain the size dependence of metabolic rate in marine mussels? J Exp Biol 2017; 220:1423-1434. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.147108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
According to the Membrane Pacemaker Theory of metabolism (MPT) allometric scaling of metabolic rate in animals is determined by the composition of cellular and mitochondrial membranes that changes with body size in a predictable manner. MPT has been elaborated from interspecific comparisons in mammals. It projects that the degree of unsaturation of membrane phospholipids decreases in larger organisms, thereby lowering ion permeability of the membranes and making cellular and thus whole animal metabolism more efficient. Here we tested the applicability of the MPT to a marine ectotherm, the mussel Mytilus edulis at the intraspecific level. We determined effects of body mass on whole organism, tissue and cellular oxygen consumption rates, on heart rate, metabolic enzyme activities and on the lipid composition of membranes. In line with allometric patterns the organismal functions and processes such as heart rate, whole animal respiration rate and phospholipid contents showed a mass-dependent decline. However, the allometry of tissue and cellular respiration and activity of metabolic enzymes was poor; fatty acid unsaturation of membrane phospholipids of gill tissue was independent of animal size. It is thus conceivable that most of the metabolic allometry observed at the organismal level is determined by systemic functions. These whole organism patterns may be supported by energy savings associated with growing cell size but not by structural changes in membranes. Overall, the set of processes contributing to metabolic allometry in ectotherms may differ from that operative in mammals and birds, with a reduced involvement of the mechanisms proposed by the MPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Sukhotin
- White Sea Biological Station, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Fokina
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ruokolainen
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Christian Bock
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gisela Lannig
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
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8
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da Costa F, Robert R, Quéré C, Wikfors GH, Soudant P. Essential Fatty Acid Assimilation and Synthesis in Larvae of the Bivalve Crassostrea gigas. Lipids 2015; 50:503-11. [PMID: 25771891 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Essential fatty acids (EFA) are important for bivalve larval survival and growth. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess for the first time through a mass-balance approach dietary EFA incorporation and synthesis within Crassostrea gigas larvae. A first experiment was carried out using two microalgae, Tisochrysis lutea (T) and Chaetoceros neogracile (Cg), as mono- and bi-specific diets. A second experiment using a similar design was performed to confirm and extend the results obtained in the first. Flow-through larval rearing was used for accurate control of food supply and measurement of ingestion. Non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids were synthetized from precursors supplied in the diet: 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9, mediated by Δ5 desaturase. Moreover, this Δ5 desaturase presumably allowed larvae to convert 20:3n-6 and 20:4n-3 to 20:4n-6 and 20:5n-3, respectively, when the product EFA were poorly or not supplied in the diet, as when larvae were fed T exclusively. Under our experimental conditions, none of the diets induced 22:6n-3 synthesis; however, 22:6n-3 incorporation into larval tissues occurred selectively under non-limiting dietary supply to maintain optimal levels in the larvae. This combination of flow-through larval rearing and biochemical analysis of FA levels could be applied to additional dietary experiments to precisely define optimal levels of EFA supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiz da Costa
- Ifremer/Laboratoire des sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539, LEMAR), 29280, Plouzané, France
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9
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Liu H, Zhang H, Zheng H, Wang S, Guo Z, Zhang G. PUFA biosynthesis pathway in marine scallop Chlamys nobilis Reeve. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:12384-12391. [PMID: 25439983 DOI: 10.1021/jf504648f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are essential in important physiological processes. However, the endogenous PUFA biosynthesis pathway is poorly understood in marine bivalves. Previously, a fatty acyl desaturase (Fad) with Δ5 activity was functionally characterized and an elongase termed Elovl2/5 was reported to efficiently elongate 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 to 20:2n-6 and 20:3n-3 respectively in Chlamys nobilis. In this study, another elongase and another Fad were identified. Functional characterization in recombinant yeast showed that the newly cloned elongase can elongate 20:4n-6 and 20:5n-3 to C22 and C24, while the newly cloned scallop Fad exhibited a Δ8-desaturation activity, and could desaturate exogenously added PUFA 20:3n-3 and 20:2n-6 to 20:4n-3 and 20:3n-6 respectively, providing the first compelling evidence that noble scallop could de novo biosynthesize 20:5n-3 and 20:4n-6 from PUFA precursors though the "Δ8 pathway". No Δ6 or Δ4 activity was detected for this Fad. Searching against our scallop transcriptome database failed to find any other Fad-like genes, indicating that noble scallop might have limited ability to biosynthesize 22:6n-3. Interestingly, like previously characterized Elovl2/5, the two newly cloned genes showed less efficient activity toward n-3 PUFA substrates than their homologous n-6 substrates, resulting in a relatively low efficiency to biosynthesize n-3 PUFA, implying an adaption to marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University , Shantou, 515063, China
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10
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Rocchetta I, Pasquevich MY, Heras H, Ríos de Molina MDC, Luquet CM. Effects of sewage discharges on lipid and fatty acid composition of the Patagonian bivalve Diplodon chilensis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 79:211-219. [PMID: 24373665 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipid and fatty acid (FA) composition and selected oxidative stress parameters of freshwater clams (Dipolodon chilensis), from a sewage-polluted (SMA) and a clean site, were compared. Trophic markers FA were analyzed in clams and sediment. Saturated FA (SAFA), and bacteria and sewage markers were abundant in SMA sediments, while diatom markers were 50% lower. Proportions of SAFA, branched FA, 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) were higher in SMA clams. Chronic exposure of D. chilensis to increasing eutrophication affected its lipid and FA composition. The increase in EPA and DHA proportions could be an adaptive response, which increases stress resistance but could also lead to higher susceptibility to lipid peroxidation TBARS, lipofuscins (20-fold) and GSH concentrations were higher in SMA clams. FA markers indicated terrestrial plant detritus and bacteria are important items in D. chilensis diet. Anthropogenic input in their food could be traced using specific FA as trophic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Rocchetta
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIBICEN-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Pab. II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo). CEAN, ruta prov. 61 km 3. 8371, Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina.
| | - María Y Pasquevich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Plata (INIBIOLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET CCT La Plata, Av. 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Horacio Heras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Plata (INIBIOLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET CCT La Plata, Av. 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - María del Carmen Ríos de Molina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIBICEN-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Pab. II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo). CEAN, ruta prov. 61 km 3. 8371, Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
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11
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Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Navarro JC. Biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine invertebrates: recent advances in molecular mechanisms. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:3998-4018. [PMID: 24152561 PMCID: PMC3826146 DOI: 10.3390/md11103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtually all polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) originate from primary producers but can be modified by bioconversions as they pass up the food chain in a process termed trophic upgrading. Therefore, although the main primary producers of PUFA in the marine environment are microalgae, higher trophic levels have metabolic pathways that can produce novel and unique PUFA. However, little is known about the pathways of PUFA biosynthesis and metabolism in the levels between primary producers and fish that are largely filled by invertebrates. It has become increasingly apparent that, in addition to trophic upgrading, de novo synthesis of PUFA is possible in some lower animals. The unequivocal identification of PUFA biosynthetic pathways in many invertebrates is complicated by the presence of other organisms within them. These organisms include bacteria and algae with PUFA biosynthesis pathways, and range from intestinal flora to symbiotic relationships that can involve PUFA translocation to host organisms. This emphasizes the importance of studying biosynthetic pathways at a molecular level, and the continual expansion of genomic resources and advances in molecular analysis is facilitating this. The present paper highlights recent research into the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of PUFA biosynthesis in marine invertebrates, particularly focusing on cephalopod molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellon, Spain.
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12
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Monroig O, Navarro JC, Dick JR, Alemany F, Tocher DR. Identification of a Δ5-like fatty acyl desaturase from the cephalopod Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier 1797) involved in the biosynthesis of essential fatty acids. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 14:411-422. [PMID: 22160425 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-011-9423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) have been identified as essential compounds for common octopus (Octopus vulgaris), but precise dietary requirements have not been determined due, in part, to the inherent difficulties of performing feeding trials on paralarvae. Our objective is to establish the essential fatty acid (EFA) requirements for paralarval stages of the common octopus through characterisation of the enzymes of endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways. In this study, we isolated a cDNA with high homology to fatty acyl desaturases (Fad). Functional characterisation in recombinant yeast showed that the octopus Fad exhibited Δ5-desaturation activity towards saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acyl substrates. Thus, it efficiently converted the yeast's endogenous 16:0 and 18:0 to 16:1n-11 and 18:1n-13, respectively, and desaturated exogenously added PUFA substrates 20:4n-3 and 20:3n-6 to 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 20:4n-6 (ARA), respectively. Although the Δ5 Fad enables common octopus to produce EPA and ARA, the low availability of its adequate substrates 20:4n-3 and 20:3n-6, either in the diet or by limited endogenous synthesis from C(18) PUFA, might indicate that EPA and ARA are indeed EFA for this species. Interestingly, the octopus Δ5 Fad can also participate in the biosynthesis of non-methylene-interrupted FA, PUFA that are generally uncommon in vertebrates but have been found previously in marine invertebrates, including molluscs, and now also confirmed to be present in specific tissues of common octopus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
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Kraffe E, Grall J, Le Duff M, Soudant P, Marty Y. A striking parallel between cardiolipin fatty acid composition and phylogenetic belonging in marine bivalves: a possible adaptative evolution? Lipids 2008; 43:961-70. [PMID: 18716818 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-five species of marine mollusk bivalves were analyzed for their fatty acid (FA) composition of cardiolipin (Ptd(2)Gro). All species showed a Ptd(2)Gro with strong selectivity for only a few polyunsaturated fatty acids, but three characteristic FA profiles emerged, with clear parallels to bivalve phylogeny. A first group of 12 species belonging to the Eupteriomorphia subgroup (Filibranchia) was characterized by a Ptd(2)Gro almost exclusively composed of 22:6n-3, whereas in the four Filibranchia Pteriomorph species analyzed, this FA was combined with substantial proportions of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3. Finally, a third group of 20 species, all belonging to the Heterodonta subclass, possessed Ptd(2)Gro containing predominantly both 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3. Polyunsaturated FA moieties and arrangements in the Ptd(2)Gro of some marine species investigated in other classes of the mollusk phylum (Gastropoda, Polyplacophora) were found to be different. The present results suggest that the specific Ptd(2)Gro FA compositions in bivalves are likely to be controlled and conserved in species of the same phylogenetic group. Functional significances of the evolution of this mitochondrial lipid structure in bivalves are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kraffe
- Unité Mixte CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, C.S. 93837, 29238, Brest Cedex, France.
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Narváez M, Freites L, Guevara M, Mendoza J, Guderley H, Lodeiros C, Salazar G. Food availability and reproduction affects lipid and fatty acid composition of the brown mussel, Perna perna, raised in suspension culture. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 149:293-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Knauer J, Southgate PC. A Review of the Nutritional Requirements of Bivalves and the Development of Alternative and Artificial Diets for Bivalve Aquaculture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10641269908951362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Rousseau M, Bédouet L, Lati E, Gasser P, Le Ny K, Lopez E. Restoration of stratum corneum with nacre lipids. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 145:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Kraffe E, Soudant P, Marty Y. cis-4,7,10,trans-13–22∶4 fatty acid distribution in phospholipids of pectinid species Aequipecten opercularis and Pecten maximus. Lipids 2006; 41:491-7. [PMID: 16933793 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-5122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of cis-4,7,10,trans-13-docosatetraenoic (c4,7,10,t13-22:4), a peculiar FA previously isolated in the glycerophospholipids of some pectinid bivalves, was investigated in glycerophospholipid classes and subclasses of separated organs (gills, mantle, gonads, and muscle) of the queen scallop Aequipecten opercularis and the king scallop Pecten maximus. Plasmalogen (Pls) and diacyl + alkyl (Ptd) forms of serine, ethanolamine, and choline glycerophospholipids were isolated by HPLC and their FA compositions analyzed by GC-FID. PIs and Ptd forms of serine glycerophospholipids (PlsSer and PtdSer), and to a lesser extend the Pls form of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (PlsEtn), were found to be specifically enriched with c4,7,10,t13-22:4. This specificity was found to decrease in the tested organs in the following order: gills, mantle, gonad, and muscle. In gills, c4,7,10,t13-22:4 was shown to be the main unsaturated FA of serine glycerophospholipids in both Pls and Ptd forms (23.8 and 19.4 mol%, respectively, for A. opercularis, and 21.0 and 26.2 mol% for P. maximus). These results represent the first comprehensive report on the FA composition of plasmalogen serine subclass isolated from pectinid bivalves. The specific association of the PlsSer with the c4,7,10,t13-22:4 for the two pectinid species can be paralleled to the specific association of the PlsSer with the non-methylene interrupted (NMI) FA and 20:1 (n-11) observed in mussels, clams, and oysters (Kraffe, E., Soudant, P., and Marty, Y. (2004) Fatty Acids of Serine, Ethanolamine and Choline Plasmalogens in Some Marine Bivalves, Lipids 39, 59-66.) This, led us to hypothesize a similar functional significance for c4,7,10,t13-22:4, NMI FA, and 20:1 (n-11) associated with PlsSer subclass of bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Kraffe
- Unité mixte Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CS 93837, 29238 Brest, France
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Seguineau C, Soudant P, Moal J, Delaporte M, Miner P, Quéré C, Samain JF. Techniques for delivery of arachidonic acid to pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, spat. Lipids 2005; 40:931-9. [PMID: 16329466 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-005-1454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study tested two techniques for dietary supplementation of Crassostrea gigas spat with PUFA, such as arachidonic acid (AA). The first technique consisted of a preliminary enrichment and growth of an algal concentrate (T-ISO, Isochrysis sp.) with AA dissolved in an ethanol solution, the whole culture then being fed to the spat. This enrichment increased the AA weight percentage in T-ISO neutral and polar lipids from 0.6 to 22.4% and from 0.4 to 6.8%, respectively. The second delivery technique was direct addition separately of free AA dissolved in ethanol solution and algal concentrate (T-ISO + AA) to the spat-rearing tank. To test the efficiency of these delivery techniques, oyster spat were supplemented with AA-enriched T-ISO, T-ISO + AA, and T-ISO alone. The possible biological impacts of these dietary treatments were assessed by measuring growth, condition index, and TAG content of oyster spat. Dry weight and condition index of spat fed AA-enriched T-ISO decreased by 24 and 49%, respectively, after 26 d of feeding; basically, TAG content declined 88% after 34 d of conditioning. When AA was added directly to seawater, spat growth and condition index were comparable with those of oysters fed T-ISO alone. AA incorporation in oyster tissues was assessed by analysis of the FA compositions in both neutral and polar lipid fractions. After 34 d, AA content in neutral lipids reached 7 and 11.7% in the spat fed, respectively, AA-enriched T-ISO and T-ISO + AA, as compared with 1.1% in spat fed only T-ISO. AA incorporation was greater in polar lipids than in neutral lipids, reaching 7.8 and 12.5% in spat fed AA-enriched T-ISO and T-ISO + AA, respectively. A direct addition of PUFA along with the food supply represents an effective and promising means to supplement PUFA to oyster spat.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Seguineau
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés, Institut Français de Recherché pour l'Exploitation de la Mer de Brest, Plouzané, France
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19
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Delaporte M, Soudant P, Moal J, Kraffe E, Marty Y, Samain JF. Incorporation and modification of dietary fatty acids in gill polar lipids by two bivalve species Crassostrea gigas and Ruditapes philippinarum. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2005; 140:460-70. [PMID: 15936706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Revised: 02/12/2005] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two bivalve species Crassostrea gigas and Ruditapes philippinarum were fed eight weeks with three mono-specific algae diets: T-Isochrysis galbana, Tetraselmis suecica, Chaetoceros calcitrans, selected on the basis of their polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition. The incorporation and the modification of dietary fatty acids in C. gigas and R. philippinarum gill lipids were analysed and compared. Essential PUFA (20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) and non-methylene interrupted PUFAs (known to be synthesised from monounsaturated precursors) contents of gill polar lipid of both species were greatly influenced by the dietary conditioning. Interestingly, oysters and clams responded differentially to the mono-specific diets. Oysters maintained higher 20:5n-3 level and higher 22:2j/22:i and n-7/n-9 ratio in gill polar lipids than clams. To better discriminate dietary and species influences on the fatty acid composition, a Principal Component Analysis followed by a MANOVA on the two most explicative components was performed. These statistical analyses showed that difference in fatty acid compositions attributable to species were just as significant as the diet inputs. The differences of gill fatty acid compositions between oysters and clams are speculated to result of an intrinsic species characteristic and perhaps of a group characteristic: Fillibranch vs. Eulamellibranch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Delaporte
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés, IFREMER de Brest, 29280 Plouzané, France
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20
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Kraffe E, Soudant P, Marty Y. Fatty acids of serine, ethanolamine, and choline plasmalogens in some marine bivalves. Lipids 2004; 39:59-66. [PMID: 15055236 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-004-1202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The FA composition of glycerophospholipid (GPL) classes and subclasses was investigated in whole animals of three marine bivalve mollusks: the Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas, the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, and the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Individual organs (gills, mantle, foot, siphon, and muscle) of the Manila clam also were examined. The PS plasmalogen (PSplsm), PE plasmalogen (PEplsm), and PC plasmalogen (PCplsm) subclasses were isolated by HPLC, and their individual FA compositions were examined using GC. Plasmalogen forms of PS and PE, when compared to their respective diacyl forms, were found to be specifically enriched with non-methylene-interrupted (NMI) FA (7,15-22:2, 7,13-22:2, and their precursors) and 20:1 n-11 FA. Such a clear specific association was not found for PCplsm. Interestingly, this trend was most apparent in PSplsm, and the above FA were found to be, respectively, the predominant PUFA and monounsaturated FA in the PSplsm isolated from the three species. This specificity was maintained in all the analyzed organs of the Manila clam but varied in proportions: The highest level of plasmalogens, NMI FA, and 20:1 n-11 was measured in gills and the lowest was in muscle. These results represent the first comprehensive report on a FA composition of the PSplsm subclass isolated from mollusks. The fact that NMI FA and 20:1 n-11, which are thought to be biosynthesized FA, were mainly associated with aminophospholipid plasmalogens (PE and PS) is likely to have a functional significance in bivalve membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Kraffe
- Unité mixte Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS) 6321, Université de Bretagne Occidentale CS93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
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21
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Pazos AJ, Sánchez JL, Román G, Luz Pérez-Parallé M, Abad M. Seasonal changes in lipid classes and fatty acid composition in the digestive gland of Pecten maximus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 134:367-80. [PMID: 12568813 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(02)00286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in lipid classes and fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols and phospholipids in the digestive gland of Pecten maximus were studied over a period of 16 months. Acylglycerols predominated (19-77% of total lipids), in accordance with the role of the digestive gland as an organ for lipid storage in scallops. Seasonal variations were mainly seen in the acylglycerol content, while phospholipids (2.5-10.0% of total lipids) and sterols (1.9-7.4% of total lipids) showed only minor changes. The most abundant fatty acids were 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 16:1(n-7), 18:1(n-9), 18:1(n-7), 18:4(n-3), 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) and these showed similar seasonal profiles in both, triacylglycerol and phospholipid fractions. In contrast to the phospholipid fraction, the triacylglycerol fraction contained more 20:5(n-3) than 22:6(n-3). In three phospholipid samples we noted a high percentage of a 22-2-non-methylene-interrupted fatty acid, previously described to have a structural role in several bivalve species. The main polyunsaturated fatty acids displayed important seasonal variations parallel to those of the acylglycerols, suggesting good nutritional conditions. A positive correlation existed between the level of saturated fatty acids and temperature, whereas the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlated negatively with temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Pazos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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22
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Bell MV, Dick JR, Kelly MS. Biosynthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid in the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris. Lipids 2001; 36:79-82. [PMID: 11214734 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-001-0671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) was shown by using a deuterated tracer (D5-18:3n-3) and quantitation by negative chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to convert 18:3n-3 to 20:5n-3. The rate of conversion was very slow, corresponding to 0.09 microg/g tissue/mg 18:3n-3 eaten over 14 d. Deuterated arachidonic acid (D8-20:4n-6) was also included in the diet to give a measure of the relative amounts of diet eaten by the different animals. The recovery of this fatty acid in tissue lipids was 33.7% compared with only 0.95% recovery of D5-18:3n-3 and its anabolites, indicating that the majority of the D5-tracer was catabolized. Considerable elongation of D5-18:3n-3 into 20:3n-3 and a trace of 22:3n-3 was found, and these were accompanied by minor amounts of the intermediates 18:4n-3 and 20:4n-3. No deuterated 22:6n-3 was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Bell
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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23
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Identification and occurrence of a novel cis-4,7,10,trans-13-docosatetraenoic fatty acid in the scallop Pecten maximus (L.). J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Gillis TE, Ballantyne JS. Influences of subzero thermal acclimation on mitochondrial membrane composition of temperate zone marine bivalve mollusks. Lipids 1999; 34:59-66. [PMID: 10188598 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-999-338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipid and phospholipid fatty acid composition of gill mitochondrial membranes from two temperate zone marine bivalve mollusks, the quahog, Mercenaria mercenaria, and the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, were examined after acclimation to 12 and -1 degree C. Cardiolipin (CL) was the only phospholipid with proportions altered upon acclimation to -1 degree C, increasing 188% in the mitochondrial membranes of M. mercenaria. Although the ratio of bilayer stabilizing to destabilizing lipids is frequently associated with cold acclimation in ectothermic species, no change was found in this ratio in either of the species. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found only to increase in C. virginica with cold acclimation, with total n-3 PUFA increasing in the phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine, total n-6 PUFA increasing in CL, and total PUFA increasing in phosphatidylinositol. Monounsaturated fatty acids, not PUFA, were found to have increased in M. mercenaria, with 18:1 n-9 increasing by 150% in CL, and 20:1 increasing in both CL and phosphatidylcholine, by 146 and 192%, respectively. These manipulations of membrane phospholipid and fatty acid composition may represent an attempt by these species to help maintain membrane function at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Gillis
- Cardiac Membrane Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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25
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26
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Pazos AJ, Román G, Acosta CP, Sánchez JL, Abad M. Lipid Classes and Fatty Acid Composition in the Female Gonad of Pecten maximus in Relation to Reproductive Cycle and Environmental Variables. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(97)00135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Seasonal variations of the fatty acid content of the neutral lipids and phospholipids in the female gonad of Pecten maximus L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(89)90210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Adachi K, Ichinose N, Shimizu C, Okamoto K. Seasonal Changes in Eicosapentaenoic and Arachidonic Acid Contents in Bivalves and Plankton Collected from Lake Hamana. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1988. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.61.3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Erickson MC, Selivonchick DP. Novel method to administer radiolabeled lipid to juvenile oysters. Lipids 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02535299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids and neutral lipids in developing larvae of the oyster,Crassostrea virginica. Lipids 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02534509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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32
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Pollero RJ. Lipid and fatty acid characterization and metabolism in the sea anemonePhymactis clematis (Dana). Lipids 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02534684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Moreno VJ, de Moreno JE, Brenner RR. Fatty acid metabolism in the calanoid copepod Paracalanus parvus: 1. Polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipids 1979; 14:313-7. [PMID: 440021 DOI: 10.1007/bf02533413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic fate of radioactive linoleate and alpha-linolenate administered to the South Atlantic copepod Paracalanus parvus was studied. The wild copepod was able to incorporate the labeled acids dissolved in seawater. The radioactive linoleate was elongated to 20:2omega6 and 22:2omega6 and desaturated by a delta6 desaturase to 18:3omega6. alpha-Linolenate was also desaturated by a delta6 desaturase to 18:4omega3 and elongated to 20:3omega3. The copepod was able to convert alpha-18:3 to 20:5omega3 and 22:6omega3.
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35
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Moreno VJ, de Moreno JE, Brenner RR. Fatty acid metabolism of the calanoid copepod Paracalanus parvus: 2. Palmitate, stearate, oleate and acetate. Lipids 1979; 14:318-22. [PMID: 440022 DOI: 10.1007/bf02533414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids in the wild, calanoid copepod Paracalanus parvus was studied. The incubation of labeled acetate proved the de novo biosynthesis of saturated and monounsaturated even fatty acids from 14 to 20 carbons and the 22:1 acid. Saturated and monounsaturated uneven fatty acids from 15 to 21 carbons were also synthesized. The copepod could not synthesize linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids. By administration of [1-14C]palmitate, [1-14C]stearate and [1-14C]oleate, it was possible to elucidate the general pattern of the de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids in the wild P. parvus.
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36
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Moreno VJ, de Moreno JEA, Brenner RR. Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in the diatomPhaeodactylum tricornutum. Lipids 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02533560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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PHLEGER CF, HOLTZ RB, GRIMES PW, LEIGHTON DL, JACOBSEN F. CHEMICAL AND SENSORY ANALYSIS OF THE PURPLE-HINGE ROCK SCALLOP Hinnites multirugosus GALE. J Food Sci 1978. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1978.tb07416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Bunde TA, Fried M. The uptake of dissolved free fatty acids from seawater by a marine filter feeder, Crassostrea virginica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(78)90219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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de Moreno JE, Moreno VJ, Brenner RR. Lipid metabolism of the yellow clam, Mesodesma mactroides: 3-saturated fatty acids and acetate metabolism. Lipids 1977; 12:804-8. [PMID: 916822 DOI: 10.1007/bf02533268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The fate of labeled palmitate, stearate, and acetate administered to the yellow clam, Mesodesma mactroides, was investigated. 1(-14)C palmitic and 1(-14)C stearic acids were oxidized to CO2 to a limited extent. They were mainly incorporated in diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols and were converted to higher homologs. After administration, palmitic acid was converted to stearic and oleic acids, whereas administered stearic acid was converted to 18:1, 18:2, 20:1, and 20:2 acids. Labeled acetate was readily included by the clam in 12:0, 14:0, 14:1, 15:0, 16:1, 16:1, 16:2, 18:2, 18:1, 18:2, 20:1, 20:2, and 20:3 acids.
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