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Choudhary KK, Agrawal SB. Assessment of Fatty Acid Profile and Seed Mineral Nutrients of Two Soybean (Glycine max L.) Cultivars Under Elevated Ultraviolet-B: Role of ROS, Pigments and Antioxidants. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 92:134-43. [PMID: 26489397 DOI: 10.1111/php.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Current scenarios under global climate change envisage a considerable increase in ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation in near future which may affect the productivity and yield quality of major agricultural crops. Present investigation was conducted to examine various defense strategies adopted against elevated UV-B (ambient + 7.2 kJ m-(2) day-(1) ) and their impact on seed nutrients, content and quality of oil including fatty acid profile of two soybean cultivars (JS-335 and PS-1042). Elevated UV-B (eUV-B) exposure leads toward higher unsaturation of fatty acids and changes in other oil quality parameters (acid, iodine and saponification value) indicated that eUV-B favored the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids with fewer carboxylic acid groups, making the oil rancid, with undesirable flavor and low nutritional value. The effect was more severe in JS-335 as compared to PS-1042. Negative effects were also seen on nutrients of soybean seeds. Adverse effects resulted due to insufficient quenching of ROS (superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide) by the defense system and thus unable to overcome the imposed oxidative stress. Credit of better performance by PS-1042 against eUV-B may be given to the adoption of efficient defense strategies like higher wax deposition, increase in lignin and flavonoids (quercetin and kaempferol) contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Choudhary
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Sharafi Y, Majidi MM, Goli SAH, Rashidi F. Oil Content and Fatty Acids Composition inBrassicaSpecies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2014.968284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Aach H, Heise KP. On the Compartmentation of Triacylglycerol Synthesis in Developing Seeds ofBrassica napus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1998.tb00686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tripathi R, Agrawal SB. Interactive effect of supplemental ultraviolet B and elevated ozone on seed yield and oil quality of two cultivars of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) carried out in open top chambers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:1016-1025. [PMID: 22903702 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current scenarios of global climate change predict a significant increase in ultraviolet B (UV-B) and tropospheric ozone (O₃) in the near future. Both UV-B and O₃ can have detrimental effects on the productivity and yield quality of important agricultural crops. The present study was conducted to investigate the individual and interactive effects of supplemental UV-B (sUV-B) (ambient + 7.2 kJ m⁻² day⁻¹) and O₃ (ambient + 10 ppb) on the yield and oil quality of two cultivars of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). RESULTS The mean monthly ambient O₃ concentration varied from 27.7 to 59.0 ppb during the experimental period. O₃ affected fruit formation, while sUV-B was mainly responsible for ovule abortion. Seed sugar and protein contents showed maximum reduction in O₃-treated plants, while mineral nutrient levels were most affected by sUV-B + O₃ treatment. Rancid oil of low nutritional quality and containing long-chain fatty acids was favoured along with a decrease in oil content. CONCLUSION sUV-B and O₃ individually as well as in combination caused deterioration of the yield and quality of oil and seeds of linseed. However, the individual effect of O₃ was more damaging than the effect of sUV-B or sUV-B + O₃, and cultivar T-397 performed better than Padmini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Tripathi
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Ecology Research Circle, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Weber N, Taylor DC, Underhill EW. Biosynthesis of storage lipids in plant cell and embryo cultures. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2005; 45:99-131. [PMID: 1605093 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0008757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of storage lipids in plant cell and embryo cultures is discussed in the light of their significance in the breeding of agriculturally important oil seed crops. After a short introduction to the biosynthesis of storage lipids, i.e. triacylglycerols and wax esters, this review covers the occurrence and biosynthesis of storage lipids in plant cell and embryo cultures. Plant cells in culture generally contain low levels of both unusual fatty acids and triacylglycerols indicating that these cells are quite different from cells of oil storage tissues. There are a few exceptions to this rule which demonstrate that induction of genes involved in the expression of fatty acid modification and triacylglycerol assembly is possible in plant cell cultures. Such biosynthetically active plant cells may be of particular interest in future studies of storage lipid assembly. Both somatic and gametophytic embryos of oil plants exhibit high capacities for storage lipid biosynthesis and accumulation in vitro compared to cultured plant cells. Above all, the microspore-derived embryo system is recommended to both plant breeders and plant biochemists for the selection and multiplication of plants of superior quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Weber
- Bundesanstalt für Getreide-, Kartoffel- und Fettforschung, Institut für Biochemie und Technologie der Fette, H.P. Kaufmann-Institut, Münster, FRG
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Murphy DJ, Mukherjee KD. Biosynthesis of very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids by subcellular fractions of developing seeds. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Puyaubert J, Garbay B, Costaglioli P, Dieryck W, Roscoe TJ, Renard M, Cassagne C, Lessire R. Acyl-CoA elongase expression during seed development in Brassica napus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1533:141-52. [PMID: 11566451 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(01)00152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Bn-FAE1.1 and Bn-FAE1.2 genes encode the 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, a component of the elongation complex responsible for the synthesis of very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (VLCMFA) in the seeds of Brassica napus. Bn-FAE1 gene expression was studied during seed development using two different cultivars: Gaspard, a high erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR), and ISLR4, a low erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR). The mRNA developmental profiles were similar for the two cultivars, the maximal expression levels being measured at 8 weeks after pollination (WAP) in HEAR and at 9 WAP in LEAR. Differential expression of Bn-FAE1.1 and Bn-FAE1.2 genes was also studied. In each cultivar the same expression profile was observed for both genes, but Bn-FAE1.2 was expressed at a lower level than Bn-FAE1.1. Secondly, VLCMFA synthesis was measured using particulate fractions prepared from maturating seeds harvested weekly after pollination. The oleoyl-CoA and ATP-dependent elongase activities increased from the 4th WAP in HEAR and reached the maximal level at 8 WAP, whereas both activities were absent in LEAR. In contrast, the 3-hydroxy dehydratase, a subunit of the elongase complex, had a similar activity in both cultivars and reached a maximum from 7 to 9 WAP. Finally, antibodies against the 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase revealed a protein of 57 kDa present only in HEAR. Our results show: (i) that both genes are transcribed in HEAR and LEAR cultivars; (ii) that they are coordinately regulated; (iii) that Bn-FAE1.1 is quantitatively the major isoform expressed in seeds; (iv) that the Bn-FAE1 gene encodes a protein of 57 kDa responsible for the 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Puyaubert
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS UMR 5544, Université V. Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Domergue F, Chevalier S, Créach A, Cassagne C, Lessire R. Purification of the acyl-CoA elongase complex from developing rapeseed and characterization of the 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase and the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase. Lipids 2000; 35:487-94. [PMID: 10907783 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-000-548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oleoyl-CoA elongase catalyzes four successive reactions: condensation of malonyl-CoA to oleoyl-CoA, reduction, dehydration, and another reduction. Evidence supporting this mechanism and the multienzymatic nature of the elongation complex are reported. A particulate membrane fraction from rapeseed is able to elongate intermediates (R,S) 3-hydroxy-20:0-CoA and (E) 2,3-20:1-CoA to very long chain fatty acids in the presence of malonyl-CoA. Studies of the 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase activities showed that maximal activity could be measured by using 15 to 30 microM 18:1-CoA and 30 microM malonyl-CoA, and that 18:0-CoA and 18:1-CoA were the best substrates. Comparison of the condensation and the overall elongation activities indicated that condensation is the rate-limiting step of the elongation process. The 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity was maximal in the presence of 75 microM Triton X-100 and 25 microg of proteins. Finally, the acyl-CoA elongase complex was solubilized and purified. During the purification process, the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase copurified with the elongase complex, strongly suggesting that this enzyme belongs to the elongase complex. The apparent molecular mass of 700 kDa determined for the elongase complex, and the fact that four different polypeptide bands were detected after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the purified fraction, further suggest that the acyl-CoA elongase is a multienzymatic complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Domergue
- Institute for Allgemeine Botanik, Universität Hamburg, Germany
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Lessire, Chevalier, Lucet-Levannier, Lellouche, Mioskowski, Cassagne. Study of the 3-hydroxy eicosanoyl-coenzyme A dehydratase and (E)-2,3 enoyl-coenzyme A reductase involved in acyl-coenzyme A elongation in etiolated leek seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 119:1009-16. [PMID: 10069838 PMCID: PMC32081 DOI: 10.1104/pp.119.3.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
(R,S)-[1-14C]3-Hydroxy eicosanoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) has been chemically synthesized to study the 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydratase involved in the acyl-CoA elongase of etiolated leek (Allium porrum L. ) seedling microsomes. 3-Hydroxy eicosanoyl-CoA (3-OH C20:0-CoA) dehydration led to the formation of (E)-2,3 eicosanoyl-CoA, which has been characterized. Our kinetic studies have determined the optimal conditions of the dehydration and also resolved the stereospecificity requirement of the dehydratase for (R)-3-OH C20:0-CoA. Isotopic dilution experiments showed that 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydratase had a marked preference for (R)-3-OH C20:0-CoA. Moreover, the very-long-chain synthesis using (R)-3-OH C20:0-CoA isomer and [2-14C]malonyl-CoA was higher than that using the (S) isomer, whatever the malonyl-CoA and the 3-OH C20:0-CoA concentrations. We have also used [1-14C]3-OH C20:0-CoA to investigate the reductant requirement of the enoyl-CoA reductase of the acyl-CoA elongase complex. In the presence of NADPH, [1-14C]3-OH C20:0-CoA conversion was stimulated. Aside from the product of dehydration, i.e. (E)-2,3 eicosanoyl-CoA, we detected eicosanoyl-CoA resulting from the reduction of (E)-2,3 eicosanoyl-CoA. When we replaced NADPH with NADH, the eicosanoyl-CoA was 8- to 10-fold less abundant. Finally, in the presence of malonyl-CoA and NADPH or NADH, [1-14C]3-OH C20:0-CoA led to the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids. This synthesis was measured using [1-14C]3-OH C20:0-CoA and malonyl-CoA or (E)-2,3 eicosanoyl-CoA and [2-14C]malonyl-CoA. In both conditions and in the presence of NADPH, the acyl-CoA elongation activity was about 60 nmol mg-1 h-1, which is the highest ever reported for a plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lessire
- Laboratoire de Biogenese Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5544, Universite V. Segalen Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Leo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (R.L., S.C., C.C.)
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Qi Q, Rose PA, Abrams GD, Taylor DC, Abrams SR, Cutler AJ. (+)-Abscisic acid metabolism, 3-ketoacyl-coenzyme A synthase gene expression, and very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in brassica napus embryos. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 117:979-87. [PMID: 9662540 PMCID: PMC34952 DOI: 10.1104/pp.117.3.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/1997] [Accepted: 04/14/1998] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microspore-derived embryos of Brassica napus cv Reston were used to examine the effects of exogenous (+)-abscisic acid (ABA) and related compounds on the accumulation of very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (VLCMFAs), VLCMFA elongase complex activity, and induction of the 3-ketoacyl-coenzyme A synthase (KCS) gene encoding the condensing enzyme of the VLCMFA elongation system. Of the concentrations tested, (+)-ABA at 10 &mgr;M showed the strongest effect. Maximum activity of the elongase complex, observed 6 h after 10 &mgr;M (+)-ABA treatment, was 60% higher than that of the untreated embryos at 24 h. The transcript of the KCS gene was induced by 10 &mgr;M (+)-ABA within 1 h and further increased up to 6 h. The VLCMFAs eicosenoic acid (20:1) and erucoic acid (22:1) increased by 1.5- to 2-fold in embryos treated with (+)-ABA for 72 h. Also, (+)-8'-methylene ABA, which is metabolized more slowly than ABA, had a stronger ABA-like effect on the KCS gene transcription, elongase complex activity (28% higher), and level of VLCMFAs (25-30% higher) than ABA. After 24 h approximately 60% of the added (+)-[3H]ABA (10 &mgr;M) was metabolized, yielding labeled phaseic and dihydrophaseic acid. This study demonstrates that (+)-ABA promotes VLCMFA biosynthesis via increased expression of the KCS gene and that reducing ABA catabolism would increase VLCMFAs in microspore-derived embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Qi
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9
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Gaur A, Gupta SK. Lipid components of mustard seeds (Brassica juncea L.) as influenced by cadmium levels. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 1994; 46:93-102. [PMID: 7855087 DOI: 10.1007/bf01088760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In a pot experiment the soil application of different levels of Cd2+ (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 micrograms g-1 soil) affected the lipid components of mustard seeds (Brassica juncea L. Cv. RH-30) markedly. Total lipids declined with the Cd2+ levels regularly while phospho and glycolipids increased only at higher levels. Fatty acids profile of total, neutral and polar lipid fractions were affected considerably. Erucic acid in total and neutral lipids was observed to increase while it decreased in polar lipids with Cd2+ as compared to control. On the other hand palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids had reverse trend. Cadmium concentration increased consistently with increasing levels of Cd2+. Plant dry weight was also decreased significantly with Cd2+ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Haryana Agricultural University, India
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Cassagne C, Lessire R, Bessoule JJ, Moreau P, Creach A, Schneider F, Sturbois B. Biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids in higher plants. Prog Lipid Res 1994; 33:55-69. [PMID: 8190743 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7827(94)90009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Cassagne
- Institut de Biochimie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
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Solubilization of Acyl-CoA elongases from developing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02632154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fehling E, Lessire R, Cassagne C, Mukherjee KD. Solubilization and partial purification of constituents of acyl-CoA elongase from Lunaria annua. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1126:88-94. [PMID: 1606179 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(92)90221-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
All the constituent enzymes of acyl-CoA elongase, i.e., beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, beta-ketoacyl-CoA reductase, beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrase and trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase, have been solubilized from a 15,000 x g particulate fraction from developing seeds of honesty (Lunaria annua) using Triton X-100. All these activities were retained upon subsequent precipitation of the solubilized protein with polyethylene glycol and resuspension of the precipitate followed by ion exchange chromatography of the resulting protein on DEAE-cellulose. A 4.2-fold enrichment of the acyl-CoA elongase was thus obtained. Further chromatography of the DEAE fraction containing all the constituents of acyl-CoA elongase on Ultrogel yielded a major protein fraction exhibiting the activities of beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase and beta-ketoacyl-CoA reductase only. Almost 30-fold purification of the beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase was thus achieved. The beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase was inhibited only at high concentrations of cerulenin, but at very low concentrations of iodoacetamide. Inhibition could be reduced by preincubation with thioesters, indicating that an enzyme thioester intermediate is involved in the condensation reaction of the acyl-CoA elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fehling
- Federal Centre for Cereal, Potato and Lipid Research, H.P. Kaufmann-Institute, Münster, Germany
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Fehling E, Mukherjee KD. Acyl-CoA elongase from a higher plant (Lunaria annua): metabolic intermediates of very-long-chain acyl-CoA products and substrate specificity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1082:239-46. [PMID: 2029543 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90198-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A particulate fraction (15,000 x g pellet) from developing seeds of honesty (Lunaria annua) was found to synthesize very-long-chain acyl-CoA thioesters in a manner similar to mammalian systems, i.e., via condensation of an acyl-CoA with malonyl-CoA yielding beta-ketoacyl-CoA, which is reduced to beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA, the latter dehydrated to trans-2-enoyl-CoA that is finally reduced to very-long-chain acyl-CoA. Reduced pyridine nucleotides (NADH/NADPH) are required for the reduction steps. In the absence of reduced pyridine nucleotides only the condensation reaction occurs. The acyl-CoA elongase does not exhibit any pronounced specificity for any of the saturated (14:0 to 20:0) or (n - 9)cis-monounsaturated (14:1 to 22:1) acyl-CoA substrates, although both the saturated and monounsaturated acyl-CoA substrates having chain lengths of C18 and C20 are elongated somewhat faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fehling
- Federal Center for Lipid Research, H.P. Kaufmann-Institut, Müster, Germany
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Enzymes of Fatty Acid Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-461013-2.50018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Characterization of the fatty acyl elongation reactions involved in hydrocarbon biosynthesis in the housefly, Musca domestica L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(88)90022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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