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Mao S, Liu Z, Tian Y, Li D, Gao X, Wen Y, Peng T, Shen W, Xiao D, Wan F, Liu L. Branched-Long-Chain Monomethyl Fatty Acids: Are They Hidden Gems? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18674-18684. [PMID: 37982580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Branched-long-chain monomethyl fatty acids (BLCFA) are consumed daily in significant amounts by humans in all stages of life. BLCFA are absorbed and metabolized in human intestinal epithelial cells and are not only oxidized for energy. Thus far, BLCFA have been revealed to possess versatile beneficial bioactivities, including cytotoxicity to cancer cells, anti-inflammation, lipid-lowering, reducing the risk of metabolic disorders, maintaining normal β cell function and insulin sensitivity, regulation of development, and mitigating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, compared to other well-studied dietary fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), BLCFA has received disproportionate attention despite their potential importance. Here we outlined the major food sources, estimated intake, absorption, and metabolism in human cells, and bioactive properties of BLCFA with a focus on the bioactive mechanisms to advocate for an increased commitment to BLCFA investigations. Humans were estimated to absorb 6-5000 mg of dietary BLCFA daily from fetus to adult. Notably, iso-15:0 inhibited the growth of prostate cancer, liver cancer and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas in rodent models at the effective doses of 35-105 mg/kg/day, 70 mg/kg/day, and 70 mg/kg/day, respectively. Feeding formula prepared with 20% w/w BLCFA mixture to neonatal rats with enterocolitis mitigated the intestine inflammation. Iso-15:0 at doses of 10, 40, and 80 mg/kg relieved brain ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. In the future, it is crucial to conduct research to establish the epidemiology of BLCFA intake and their impacts on health outcomes in humans as well as to fully uncover the underlying mechanisms for their bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ziling Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanqiong Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tao Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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2
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Yang X, Karrar E, Cong F, Lu H, Jin Q, Xu X, Huppertz T, Wei W, Wang X. Identification and quantification of branched-chain fatty acids and odd-chain fatty acids of mammalian milk, dairy products, and vegetable oils using GC/TOF-MS. Int Dairy J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2023.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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3
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Unusual Ether Lipids and Branched Chain Fatty Acids in Sea Cucumber ( Cucumaria frondosa) Viscera and Their Seasonal Variation. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070435. [PMID: 35877727 PMCID: PMC9318488 DOI: 10.3390/md20070435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, is harvested primarily for its muscular bands and body wall. Development of a nutraceutical product based on lipid recovered from its viscera would give commercial value to the entire organism; however, such development requires knowledge of the lipid and fatty acid (FA) profiles of the viscera. Here, we describe the lipid and FA composition of viscera recovered from C. frondosa harvested in coastal waters in the northwest Atlantic, taking into account variation due to harvest season. We found highest lipid content at ~29% in winter, with diacylglyceryl ethers (DAGE) comprising ~55% of the total lipid mass and triacylglycerols (TAG), phospholipids (PL) and monoacylglycerol ethers (MAGE) at 5-25% each. The branched chain FA, 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (12-MTA), represented 42% of total FA mass in DAGE. In summer, lipid content was lower at 24% and TAG was the dominate lipid, with proportions more than double that found in winter (45% vs. 20%); DAGE in summer dropped to ~30% of total lipids. In TAG, 12-MTA was much lower than found in DAGE in winter, at only 10% but eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content was ~20%, which brought the total EPA% to 28% of total FA-the highest among all three seasons. There was little effect of season on MAGE or PL proportions. These data can help harvesters maximize catch efforts in terms of lipid yield and profile.
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4
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A Highly Selective and Sensitive Chiral Derivatization Method for High- Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of the Stereoisomer Composition of Natural Products With Chiral Branched Alkyl Chains. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:554-568. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Osés-Ruiz M, Cruz-Mireles N, Martin-Urdiroz M, Soanes DM, Eseola AB, Tang B, Derbyshire P, Nielsen M, Cheema J, Were V, Eisermann I, Kershaw MJ, Yan X, Valdovinos-Ponce G, Molinari C, Littlejohn GR, Valent B, Menke FLH, Talbot NJ. Appressorium-mediated plant infection by Magnaporthe oryzae is regulated by a Pmk1-dependent hierarchical transcriptional network. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1383-1397. [PMID: 34707224 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast is a devastating disease caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae that threatens rice production around the world. The fungus produces a specialized infection cell, called the appressorium, that enables penetration through the plant cell wall in response to surface signals from the rice leaf. The underlying biology of plant infection, including the regulation of appressorium formation, is not completely understood. Here we report the identification of a network of temporally coregulated transcription factors that act downstream of the Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway to regulate gene expression during appressorium-mediated plant infection. We show that this tiered regulatory mechanism involves Pmk1-dependent phosphorylation of the Hox7 homeobox transcription factor, which regulates genes associated with induction of major physiological changes required for appressorium development-including cell-cycle control, autophagic cell death, turgor generation and melanin biosynthesis-as well as controlling a additional set of virulence-associated transcription factor-encoding genes. Pmk1-dependent phosphorylation of Mst12 then regulates gene functions involved in septin-dependent cytoskeletal re-organization, polarized exocytosis and effector gene expression, which are necessary for plant tissue invasion. Identification of this regulatory cascade provides new potential targets for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Míriam Osés-Ruiz
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Neftaly Cruz-Mireles
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Alice Bisola Eseola
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Bozeng Tang
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Paul Derbyshire
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Vincent Were
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Iris Eisermann
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Xia Yan
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Guadalupe Valdovinos-Ponce
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.,Department of Plant Pathology, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Camilla Molinari
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - George R Littlejohn
- School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, UK
| | - Barbara Valent
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Frank L H Menke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Nicholas J Talbot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Chelalba I, Benchikha N, Begaa S, Messaoudi M, Debbeche H, Rebiai A, Youssef FS. Phytochemical composition and biological activity of
Neurada procumbens
L. growing in southern Algeria. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imane Chelalba
- Chemistry Department University of Hamma Lakhdar El Oued Algeria
| | - Naima Benchikha
- Chemistry Department University of Hamma Lakhdar El Oued Algeria
| | - Samir Begaa
- Nuclear Research Centre of Birine Djelfa Algeria
| | | | - Hanane Debbeche
- Chemistry Department University of Hamma Lakhdar El Oued Algeria
| | - Abdelkrim Rebiai
- Chemistry Department University of Hamma Lakhdar El Oued Algeria
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacognosy Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
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Branched-Chain Fatty Acids as Mediators of the Activation of Hepatic Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha by a Fungal Lipid Extract. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091259. [PMID: 32878262 PMCID: PMC7565516 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to test the hypothesis that monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and a lipid extract of Conidiobolus heterosporus (CHLE), rich in monomethyl BCFAs, are able to activate the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Rat Fao cells were incubated with the monomethyl BCFAs 12-methyltridecanoic acid (MTriA), 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (MTA), isopalmitic acid (IPA) and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid (MHD), and the direct activation of PPARalpha was evaluated by reporter gene assay using a PPARalpha responsive reporter gene. Furthermore, Fao cells were incubated with different concentrations of the CHLE and PPARalpha activation was also evaluated by using the reporter gene assay, and by determining the mRNA concentrations of selected PPARalpha target genes by real-time RT-PCR. The reporter gene assay revealed that IPA and the CHLE, but not MTriA, MHD and MTA, activate the PPARalpha responsive reporter gene. CHLE dose-dependently increased mRNA concentrations of the PPARalpha target genes acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX1), cytochrome P450 4A1 (CYP4A1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and solute carrier family 22 (organic cation/carnitine transporter), member 5 (SLC22A5). In conclusion, the monomethyl BCFA IPA is a potent PPARalpha activator. CHLE activates PPARalpha-dependent gene expression in Fao cells, an effect that is possibly mediated by IPA.
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8
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Yan Y, Wang Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Xiang J, Kothapalli KS, Brenna JT. Branched chain fatty acids positional distribution in human milk fat and common human food fats and uptake in human intestinal cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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9
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Njinkoue J, Gouado I, Tchoumbougnang F, Ngueguim JY, Ndinteh D, Fomogne-Fodjo C, Schweigert F. Proximate composition, mineral content and fatty acid profile of two marine fishes from Cameroonian coast: Pseudotolithus typus (Bleeker, 1863) and Pseudotolithus elongatus (Bowdich, 1825). NFS JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Enatiomeric Separation of Branched Fatty Acids after Conversion with trans-2-(2,3-Anthracenedicarboximido)cyclohexanol, a Highly Sensitive Chiral Fluorescent Conversion Reagent. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 63:1209-15. [PMID: 27380231 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
(1R,2R)-2-(2,3-Anthracenedicarboximido)cyclohexanol was synthesized as a highly sensitive chiral fluorescent conversion reagent. The diastereomeric derivatives of chiral branched fatty acids that had methyl ethyl chirality from the 2 to 12 position were separated into 2 peaks by reversed-phase HPLC and detected at the 10(-15) mole level by fluorometry.
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11
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Yan Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Xiang J, Wang X, Zhang H, Yao Y, Liu R, Zou X, Huang J, Jin Q. Combined urea-thin layer chromatography and silver nitrate-thin layer chromatography for micro separation and determination of hard-to-detect branched chain fatty acids in natural lipids. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1425:293-301. [PMID: 26614174 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple, fast and efficient procedure was developed for micro separation and enrichment of branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) from natural products using successive thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique coupling novel urea-TLC with AgNO3-TLC, which rely on the formation of urea adduction and AgNO3 bonding in methanol. These natural lipids contain a significant amount of straight chain fatty acids (FA). Fresh and fast urea-TLC and AgNO3-TLC plate making techniques were developed with more even coating and less coating material contamination before being utilized for separation. Goat milk fat was used as a model. Various experimental parameters that affect urea-TLC and AgNO3-TLC separation of BCFA were investigated and optimized, including coating of urea, concentration of original oil sample, mobile phase and sample application format. High efficiency of removal of straight chain FA was achieved with a low amount of sample in an easy and fast way. A total BCFA mix with much higher purity than previous studies was successfully achieved. The developed method has also been applied for the concentration and analysis of BCFA in cow milk fat and Anchovy oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yijun Liu
- Food Inspection Authority of Zhangjiagang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Zhangjiagang 215600, China
| | - Jingying Xiang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi 212422, China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yunping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, China
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12
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Separation of the Fatty Acids in Menhaden Oil as Methyl Esters with a Highly Polar Ionic Liquid Gas Chromatographic Column and Identification by Time of Flight Mass spectrometry. Lipids 2013; 48:1279-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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A database of chromatographic properties and mass spectra of fatty acid methyl esters from omega-3 products. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1299:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Lei L, Li J, Li GY, Hu JN, Tang L, Liu R, Fan YW, Deng ZY. Stereospecific analysis of triacylglycerol and phospholipid fractions of five wild freshwater fish from Poyang Lake. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1857-1864. [PMID: 22242597 DOI: 10.1021/jf204584t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acids (FA) compositions and positional distributions in triacylglycerols (TAG) and phospholipids (PL) of five wild freshwater fish (Squaliobarbus curriculus, Erythroculter ilishaeformis, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, Bostrichthys sinensis, and Siniperca kneri Garman) from Poyang Lake (the largest freshwater lake of China) were studied. For TAG, S. kneri German had the highest content (13.59%) of n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and E. ilishaeformis had the lowest ratio of (n - 6)/(n - 3) (0.65). PL had a high content of PUFA, which declined in the order of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) > phosphatidylcholine (PC) > TAG. 9c11t-18:2 accounted for 6.38-50.77% of total conjugated linoleic acids (CLA). The highest level of odd-branched chain fatty acids (OBCFA) was 26.7% in B. sinensis. The study revealed that the distribution of FA among the sn positions was not random: monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and PUFA preferred positions 1 and 3 and saturated fatty acids (SFA) position 2 of TAG, while SFA and MUFA predominated over sn-1-PL and PUFA over sn-2-PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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15
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Ould Ahmed Louly AW, Gaydou EM, Ould El Kebir MV. Muscle lipids and fatty acid profiles of three edible fish from the Mauritanian coast: Epinephelus aeneus, Cephalopholis taeniops and Serranus scriba. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Řezanka T, Sigler K. Odd-numbered very-long-chain fatty acids from the microbial, animal and plant kingdoms. Prog Lipid Res 2009; 48:206-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Hejazi L, Ebrahimi D, Guilhaus M, Hibbert DB. Determination of the Composition of Fatty Acid Mixtures Using GC × FI-MS: A Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Separation Approach. Anal Chem 2009; 81:1450-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802277c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hejazi
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Diako Ebrahimi
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Guilhaus
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - D. Brynn Hibbert
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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18
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Vetter W, Gaul S, Thurnhofer S, Mayer K. Stable carbon isotope ratios of methyl-branched fatty acids are different to those of straight-chain fatty acids in dairy products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:597-604. [PMID: 17639356 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methyl-branched fatty acids (MBFAs) are the dominant form of fatty acid found in many bacteria. They are also found at low levels in a range of foodstuffs, where their presence has been linked to bacterial sources. In this study we evaluated the potential of compound-specific isotope analysis to obtain insights into the stable carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C values in per thousand) of individual MBFAs and to compare them to the stable carbon isotope ratios of straight-chain fatty acids in food. Due to their low abundance in foodstuffs, the MBFAs were enriched prior to gas chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometric (GC-IRMS) analysis. After transesterification, urea complexation was used to suppress the 16:0 and 18:0 methyl esters that were dominant in the samples. Following that, silver-ion high performance liquid chromatography was used to separate the saturated from the unsaturated fatty acids. The resulting solutions of saturated fatty acids obtained from suet, goat's milk, butter, and human milk were studied by GC-IRMS. The delta(13)C values of fatty acids with 12-17 carbons ranged from -25.4 per thousand to -37.6 per thousand. In all samples, MBFAs were most depleted in carbon-13, followed by the odd-chain fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0. 14:0 and 16:0 contained the highest proportions of carbon-13. The results from this study illustrate that MBFAs have distinctive delta(13)C values and must originate from other sources and/or from very different substrates. These measurements support the initial hypothesis that delta(13)C values can be used to attribute MBFAs to particular sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
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19
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Exclusive quantification of methyl-branched fatty acids and minor 18:1-isomers in foodstuff by GC/MS in the SIM mode using 10,11-dichloroundecanoic acid and fatty acid ethyl esters as internal standards. Eur Food Res Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Huynh MD, Kitts DD, Hu C, Trites AW. Comparison of fatty acid profiles of spawning and non-spawning Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 146:504-11. [PMID: 17276118 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Crude lipid and fatty acid composition from liver, intestine, roe, milt and flesh of spawning and non-spawning Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) were examined to determine the relative effects of spawning on the nutritional value of herring. Depletion of lipid due to spawning condition was significant (P<0.01) in all organ tissues and flesh of spawning herring. The lipid content ranged from an average of 1.9 to 3.4% (wet weight basis) in different organ tissues of spawning herring, to 10.5 to 16% in non-spawning fish. The fatty acid profile exhibited many differences in the relative distribution of individual fatty acids among organ tissues and between the two fish groups. Oleic acid (C18:1n-9), a major monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) found in all tissue lipids, decreased significantly (P<0.01) in spawning fish. The two monoenes, C20:1n-9 and C22:1n-11, occurred at high concentrations in the flesh but at only minor proportion in the digestive organs and gonads. Spawning herring also had significantly (P<0.01) higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content in the organ tissues, particularly in the milt and ovary, with docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA) having the greatest proportion. Among the n-6 fatty acids, only C18:2n-6 and C20:4n-6 occurred at notable amounts and were present in higher proportions in spawning fish. We concluded that although relatively higher n-3 fatty acid content was found in the organ lipids of spawning herring, they are not an energy-dense prey food source due to the fact that both flesh and gonads contain a very low amount of lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Dieu Huynh
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of British Columbia, 6650 N.W. Marine Drive, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6T-1Z4
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Tsydendambaev VD, Christie WW, Brechany EY, Vereshchagin AG. Identification of unusual fatty acids of four alpine plant species from the Pamirs. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2004; 65:2695-2703. [PMID: 15464157 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2004] [Revised: 07/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid composition and structure in total lipids from the green above-ground parts of four alpine plants, Oxygraphis glacialis, Primula macrophylla, Rhodiola pamiroalaica, and Swertia marginata, were established by GC and GC-MS. A total of 55 fatty acids was detected, and 48 of them were identified. Ubiquitous palmitate, linoleate, and linolenate predominated in the lipids accounting for about 72-90% of the total fatty acids. At the same time, the latter contained numerous species, which were unusual for higher plants and included saturated odd-numbered n-acids (six C15-C25 species, 0.26-1.40%), saturated even-numbered very-long-chain n-acids (six C20-C30 species, 1.00-2.49%), iso-acids (nine C15-C26 species, 0.64-1.53%), anteiso-acids (four C15-C20 species, 0.08-1.57%), certain uncommon mono- and dienoic acids, as well as 16:3omega3, 18:3omega6, and 18:4omega3 acids that are absent from the most higher plants. Nine fatty acids were found here for the first time in higher plants and two may be new to science. The evidence on the unusual fatty acids is discussed with respect to their distribution in living organisms, pathways of biosynthesis, and chemotaxonomic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir D Tsydendambaev
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow 127276, Russia.
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22
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Ackman RG. The gas chromatograph in practical analyses of common and uncommon fatty acids for the 21st century. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Akasaka K, Shichijyukari S, Meguro H, Ohrui H. Determination of the absolute configurations of the anteiso acid moieties of glycoglycerolipid S365A isolated from Corynebacterium aquaticum. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002; 66:1719-22. [PMID: 12353633 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.66.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The absolute configurations of the two acid moieties, 12-methyltetradecanoate and 14-methylhexadecanoate, of glycoglycerolipid S365A isolated from Corynebacterium aquaticum were determined by an HPLC analysis after their conversion with the chiral fluorescent labeling reagents, (1S,2S)- and (1R,2R)-2-(2,3-anthracenedicarboximido)cyclohexanol. Both anteiso acids had the S configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Akasaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
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24
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Heim M, Johnson J, Boess F, Bendik I, Weber P, Hunziker W, Fluhmann B. Phytanic acid, a natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, regulates glucose metabolism in rat primary hepatocytes. FASEB J 2002; 16:718-20. [PMID: 11923221 DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0816fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phytanic acid, a metabolite of the chlorophyll molecule, is part of the human diet and is present in normal human serum at low micromolar concentrations. It was previously shown to be a ligand of the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) a. PPAR agonists are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Here, we report that phytanic acid is not only a transactivator of PPARa, but it also acts via PPARb and PPARg in CV-1 cells that have been cotransfected with the respective full-length receptor and an acyl-CoA oxidase-PPAR-responsive element-luciferase construct. We observed that, in contrast to other fatty acids, phytanic acid at physiological concentrations enhances uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose in rat primary hepatocytes. This result could be explained by the increase in mRNA expression of glucose transporters-1 and -2 and glucokinase, as determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Compared with the PPARg-specific agonist ciglitazone, phytanic acid exerts only minor effects on the differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells into mature adipocytes. These results clearly demonstrate that phytanic acid acts via different PPAR isoforms to modulate expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism, thus suggesting a potential role of phytanic acid in the management of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Heim
- Roche Vitamins Ltd, Research and Development, Department of Human Nutrition and Health, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Njinkoué JM, Barnathan G, Miralles J, Gaydou EM, Samb A. Lipids and fatty acids in muscle, liver and skin of three edible fish from the Senegalese coast: Sardinella maderensis, Sardinella aurita and Cephalopholis taeniops. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 131:395-402. [PMID: 11959021 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(01)00506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipid content and fatty acid composition were determined in three species of edible fish caught in Senegalese waters during the upwelling season (January, 1993). Sardinella maderensis and Sardinella aurita are fat fish containing more than 5% (fresh wt.) of lipids, whereas Cephalopholis taeniops is a lean fish with approximately 1% of lipids. Skin, liver and muscle were studied for each fish species. About 40 fatty acids were identified by GC and GC/MS as methyl esters and N-acyl pyrrolidides. Palmitic acid was the main acid in the muscle and skin of all samples studied (20-33% of total fatty acids). Oleic acid was the main fatty acid in the liver of S. maderensis (27.2%+/-0.1) and S. aurita (44.7%+/-0.1). Arachidonic acid was a minor component in all samples. The flesh (muscle) of the three fish species contained high concentrations of omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ranging from 16.0 to 29.1% and including 20:5 omega3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and 22:6 omega3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) acids as major components. These two acids together accounted for 24.7%+/-0.1 and 12.9%+/-0.1 of total acids in the skin of S. maderensis and S. aurita, respectively. The percentages of PUFA found in the fish studied were very similar to those in fish used commercially as sources of PUFA. Muscle sterols, which accounted for 9-11% of total lipids, consisted mainly of cholesterol (up to 97% of total sterols).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Njinkoué
- Département de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Douala, Douala, Cameroun
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Akasaka K, Shichijyukari S, Matsuoka S, Murata M, Meguro H, Ohrui H. Absolute configuration of a ceramide with a novel branched-chain fatty acid isolated from the epiphytic dinoflagellate, Coolia monotis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2000; 64:1842-6. [PMID: 11055386 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.64.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The absolute configuration of the chiral center at the C15 position of a novel branched-chain fatty acid derived from a new ceramide isolated from the epiphytic dinoflagellate Coolia monotis was determined to be of R from by reversed-phase HPLC after cleavage to 12-methylpentadecanoic acid and subsequent conversion with the chiral fluorescent reagent, (1R,2R)-2-(2,3-anthracenedicarboximido)cyclohexanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Akasaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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27
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Similarities in the lipid class profiles of oils from Atlantic and Pacific dogfish livers. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-998-0109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jie MSFLK, Pasha MK, Syed-Rahmatullah MSK. Fatty acids, fatty acid analogues and their derivatives. Nat Prod Rep 1997. [DOI: 10.1039/np9971400163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Martinez A, Duque C, Hara N, Fujimoto Y. Variabilin 11-Methyloctadecanoate, A Branched-Chain Fatty Acid Ester of Furanosesterterpene Tetronic Acid, from the SpongeIrcinia Felix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/10575639508043171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Mirallès J, Barnathan G, Galonnier R, Sall T, Samb A, Gaydou EM, Kornprobst JM. New branched-chain fatty acids from the Senegalese gorgonian Leptogorgia piccola (white and yellow morphs). Lipids 1995; 30:459-66. [PMID: 7637567 DOI: 10.1007/bf02536305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids from total lipids of the gorgonian Leptogorgia piccola (white and yellow morphs), collected from the same area at two different periods with regard to the average water temperature, were studied. More than fifty fatty acids were identified as methyl esters and N-acyl pyrrolidides by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Three new, branched-chain unsaturated fatty acids were identified in addition to the unusual 7-methyl-6-hexadecenoic acid, namely 10-methyl-6-hexadecenoic, 7,9-dimethyl-6-hexadecenoic, and 10-methyl-6,9-heptadecadienoic acids. Also 6,9-heptadecadienoic acid was identified. The fatty acid patterns of specimens harvested in colder waters were quite different from those harvested in warmer waters in that the former contained high amounts of methylene-interrupted polyunsaturated acids, including tetracosapolyenoic acids, especially 6,9,12,15,18-24:5 (up to 15.8% of the total acid mixture) and 6,9,12,15,18,21-24:6 (up to 5.3%). Arachidonic acid was, nevertheless, a major component in all the fatty acid mixtures studied (13.6-20.5%). Based on gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared experiments, the double bonds were assigned the (Z) configuration. Several fatty aldehydes and their dimethyl acetals were also detected, of which the most abundant was octadecanal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mirallès
- Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
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Kadri-Hassani N, Léger CL, Vachier I, Descomps B. Bimodal action of fatty acids on PMA-stimulated O2.- production in human adherent monocytes. JOURNAL OF LIPID MEDIATORS AND CELL SIGNALLING 1995; 11:159-73. [PMID: 7780683 DOI: 10.1016/0929-7855(94)00035-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Not only unsaturated linear fatty acids, but also saturated monomethyl-branched fatty acids (MMBFAs), are provided by food. They are capable of penetrating into the membrane lipids and promoting lipid disorder. Both NADPH oxidase and protein kinase C (PKC) are bound to cell cytoplasmic membranes and are responsive to unesterified fatty acids (UEFAs). We found that the O2.- NADPH oxidase-mediated production of human adherent monocytes was modified by unsaturated linear and saturated branched UEFAs only in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate. This result together with our inhibition data indicated an action strictly linked to PKC activity. The type and intensity of action depended on the UEFA concentrations and chain structure. Nanomolar concentrations showed potentiating effects whereas micromolar (< CMC) concentrations displayed depressant influences MMBFAs were generally more active than the other FAs. With respect to the micromolar depressant effect, oleate and linoleate were as active and docosahexaenoate nearly as active as MMBFAs. As assessed by iso-15:0 or arachidonate action, such bimodal alteration did not occur in non-adherent monocytes and neutrophils. Certain UEFAs could be considered as 'cellular' anti-oxidants on the sites of adherent-monocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kadri-Hassani
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Biochimie des Lipides, Centre de Recherche INSERM, Montpellier, France
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32
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Svensson L, Hansson U, Gronowitz S, Klingstedt T. The relationship between the structure of monoalkyl branched saturated fatty acids and some physical properties. Lipids 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02537497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Moffat CF, McGill AS. Variability of the composition of fish oils: significance for the diet. Proc Nutr Soc 1993; 52:441-56. [PMID: 8302886 DOI: 10.1079/pns19930085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C F Moffat
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Torry Research Station, Aberdeen
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Moffat CF, McGill AS, Hardy R, Anderson RS. The production of fish oils enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing triglycerides. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02542615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stránský K, Jursík T, Vítek A, Skořepa J. An improved method of characterizing fatty acids by equivalent chain length values. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240151107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Lipids in foods contain a wide variety of fatty acids differing in chain length, degree of unsaturation, position and configuration of double bonds and the presence of special functional groups. Modern capillary gas chromatography offers excellent separation of fatty acids. Fused-silica capillary columns with stationary phases of medium polarity and non-polar methylsilicone stationary phases successfully separate most of the natural fatty acids. Special applications, such as the separation of complex cis-trans fatty acid mixtures and cyclic fatty acids, required particular chromatographic conditions, including the use of very long capillary columns or more polar stationary phases. The derivatization methods for the preparation of fatty acid esters also need to be optimized to obtain accurate quantitative results. This paper reviews the derivatization techniques, capillary columns and stationary phases commonly used in the gas chromatography of fatty acids in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Shantha
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0215
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