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Inhibition of CpLIP2 Lipase Hydrolytic Activity by Four Flavonols (Galangin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Myricetin) Compared to Orlistat and Their Binding Mechanisms Studied by Quenching of Fluorescence. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162888. [PMID: 31398944 PMCID: PMC6719172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of recombinant CpLIP2 lipase/acyltransferase from Candida parapsiolosis was considered a key model for novel antifungal drug discovery and a potential therapeutic target for candidiasis. Lipases have identified recently as potent virulence factors in C. parapsilosis and some other yeasts. The inhibition effects of orlistat and four flavonols (galangin, kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin) characterized by an increasing degree of hydroxylation in B-ring, were investigated using ethyl oleate hydrolysis as the model reaction. Orlistat and kaempferol (14 µM) strongly inhibited CpLIP2 catalytic activity within 1 min of pre-incubation, by 90% and 80%, respectively. The relative potency of flavonols as inhibitors was: kaempferol > quercetin > myricetin > galangin. The results suggested that orlistat bound to the catalytic site while kaempferol interacted with W294 on the protein lid. A static mechanism of interactions between flavonols and CpLIP2 lipase was confirmed by fluorescence quenching analyses, indicating that the interactions were mainly driven by hydrophobic bonds and electrostatic forces. From the Lehrer equation, fractions of tryptophan accessibility to the quencher were evaluated, and a relationship with the calculated number of binding sites was suggested.
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Tecelão C, Perrier V, Dubreucq E, Ferreira‐Dias S. Production of Human Milk Fat Substitutes by Interesterification of Tripalmitin with Ethyl Oleate Catalyzed by
Candida parapsilosis
Lipase/Acyltransferase. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Tecelão
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTMInstituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520‐641 Peniche Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodUniversidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349‐017 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Véronique Perrier
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR 1208 IATE, 2 Place Viala, F‐34060 Montpellier cedex France
| | - Eric Dubreucq
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR 1208 IATE, 2 Place Viala, F‐34060 Montpellier cedex France
| | - Suzana Ferreira‐Dias
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodUniversidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349‐017 Lisbon Portugal
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Jan AH, Dubreucq E, Drone J, Subileau M. A glimpse into the specialization history of the lipases/acyltransferases family of CpLIP2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Subileau M, Jan AH, Drone J, Rutyna C, Perrier V, Dubreucq E. What makes a lipase a valuable acyltransferase in water abundant medium? Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy01805j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The necessity to develop more eco-friendly processes in oleochemistry has recently led to a renewed consideration of lipases exhibiting high acyltransferase activity in hydrated media.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Subileau
- Montpellier SupAgro
- UMR 1208 IATE
- 34060 Montpellier cedex 2
- France
| | - A. H. Jan
- Montpellier SupAgro
- UMR 1208 IATE
- 34060 Montpellier cedex 2
- France
| | - J. Drone
- Montpellier SupAgro
- UMR 1208 IATE
- 34060 Montpellier cedex 2
- France
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier
| | - C. Rutyna
- Montpellier SupAgro
- UMR 1208 IATE
- 34060 Montpellier cedex 2
- France
| | - V. Perrier
- Montpellier SupAgro
- UMR 1208 IATE
- 34060 Montpellier cedex 2
- France
| | - E. Dubreucq
- Montpellier SupAgro
- UMR 1208 IATE
- 34060 Montpellier cedex 2
- France
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Rodrigues J, Perrier V, Lecomte J, Dubreucq E, Ferreira-Dias S. Biodiesel production from crude jatropha oil catalyzed by immobilized lipase/acyltransferase from Candida parapsilosis in aqueous medium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:1224-1229. [PMID: 27474957 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The lipase/acyltransferase from Candida parapsilosis (CpLIP2) immobilized on two synthetic resins (Accurel MP 1000 and Lewatit VP OC 1600) was used as catalyst for the production of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) by transesterification of jatropha oil with methanol, in a lipid/aqueous system. The oil was dispersed in a buffer solution (pH 6.5) containing methanol in excess (2M in the biphasic system; molar ratio methanol/acyl chains 2:1). Transesterification was carried out at 30°C, under magnetic stirring, using 10% (w/w) of immobilized enzyme in relation to oil. The maximum FAME yields were attained after 8h reaction time: 80.5% and 93.8%, when CpLIP2 immobilized on Accurel MP 1000 or on Lewatit VP OC 1600 were used, respectively. CpLIP2 on both Accurel MP 1000 and Lewatit VP OC 1600 showed high operational stability along 5 consecutive 8h batches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Rodrigues
- University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAF, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Eric Dubreucq
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR IATE, F-34060 Montpellier, France
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6
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Elucidation of a key position for acyltransfer activity in Candida parapsilosis lipase/acyltransferase (CpLIP2) and in Pseudozyma antarctica lipase A (CAL-A) by rational design. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:187-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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The 3D model of the lipase/acyltransferase from Candida parapsilosis, a tool for the elucidation of structural determinants in CAL-A lipase superfamily. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:1400-11. [PMID: 26123263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Because lipids are hydrophobic, the development of efficient bioconversions in aqueous media free of organic solvents is particularly challenging for green oleochemistry. Within this aim, enzymes exhibiting various abilities to catalyze acyltransfer reaction in water/lipid systems have been identified. Among these, CpLIP2 from Candida parapsilosis has been characterized as a lipase/acyltransferase, able to catalyze acyltransfer reactions preferentially to hydrolysis in the presence of particularly low acyl acceptor concentration and high thermodynamic activity of water (aw>0.9). Lipase/acyltransferases are thus of great interest, being able to produce new esters at concentrations above the thermodynamic equilibrium of hydrolysis/esterification with limited to no release of free fatty acids. Here, we present a 3D model of CpLIP2 based on homologies with crystallographic structures of Pseudozyma antarctica lipase A. Indeed, the two enzymes have 31% of identity in their primary sequence, yielding a same general structure, but different catalytic properties. The quality of the calculated CpLIP2 model was confirmed by several methods. Limited proteolysis confirmed the location of some loops at the surface of the protein 3D model. Directed mutagenesis also supported the structural model constructed on CAL-A template: the functional properties of various mutants were consistent with their structure-based putative involvement in the oxyanion hole, substrate specificity, acyltransfer or hydrolysis catalysis and structural stability. The CpLIP2 3D model, in comparison with CAL-A 3D structure, brings insights for the elucidation and improvement of the structural determinants involved in the exceptional acyltransferase properties of this promising biocatalyst and of homologous enzymes of the same family.
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Schmidt S, Scherkus C, Muschiol J, Menyes U, Winkler T, Hummel W, Gröger H, Liese A, Herz HG, Bornscheuer UT. Eine Enzymkaskade zur Synthese von ε-Caprolacton und dessen Oligomeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Schmidt S, Scherkus C, Muschiol J, Menyes U, Winkler T, Hummel W, Gröger H, Liese A, Herz HG, Bornscheuer UT. An Enzyme Cascade Synthesis of ε-Caprolactone and its Oligomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2784-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Homologous yeast lipases/acyltransferases exhibit remarkable cold-active properties. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8927-36. [PMID: 24770385 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5776-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipases/acyltransferases catalyse acyltransfer to various nucleophiles preferentially to hydrolysis even in aqueous media with high thermodynamic activity of water (a w >0.9). Characterization of hydrolysis and acyltransfer activities in a large range of temperature (5 to 80 °C) of secreted recombinant homologous lipases of the Pseudozyma antarctica lipase A superfamily (CaLA) expressed in Pichia pastoris, enlighten the exceptional cold-activity of two remarkable lipases/acyltransferases: CpLIP2 from Candida parapsilosis and CtroL4 from Candida tropicalis. The activation energy of the reactions catalysed by CpLIP2 and CtroL4 was 18-23 kJ mol(-1) for hydrolysis and less than 15 kJ mol(-1) for transesterification between 5 and 35 °C, while it was respectively 43 and 47 kJ mol(-1) with the thermostable CaLA. A remarkable consequence is the high rate of the reactions catalysed by CpLIP2 and CtroL4 at very low temperatures, with CpLIP2 displaying at 5 °C 65 % of its alcoholysis activity and 45 % of its hydrolysis activity at 30 °C. These results suggest that, within the CaLA superfamily and its homologous subgroups, common structural determinants might allow both acyltransfer and cold-active properties. Such biocatalysts are of great interest for the efficient synthesis or functionalization of temperature-sensitive lipid derivatives, or more generally to lessen the environmental impact of biocatalytic processes.
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Neang PM, Subileau M, Perrier V, Dubreucq E. Peculiar features of four enzymes of the CaLA superfamily in aqueous media: Differences in substrate specificities and abilities to catalyze alcoholysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Troncoso-Ponce MA, Cao X, Yang Z, Ohlrogge JB. Lipid turnover during senescence. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 205-206:13-9. [PMID: 23498858 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid turnover of stored triacylglycerol occurs after seed germination, releasing fatty acids that provide carbon and energy for seedling establishment. Glycerolipid and fatty acid turnover that occurs at other times in the plant life cycle, including senescence is less studied. Although the entire pathway of β-oxidation is induced during senescence, Arabidopsis leaf fatty acids turnover at rates 50 fold lower than in seedlings. Major unknowns in lipid turnover include the identity of lipases responsible for degradation of the wide diversity of galactolipid, phospholipid, and other lipid class structures. Also unknown is the relative flux of the acetyl-CoA product of β-oxidation into alternative metabolic pathways. We present an overview of senescence-related glycerolipid turnover and discuss its function(s) and speculate about how it might be controlled to increase the energy density and nutritional content of crops. To better understand regulation of lipid turnover, we developed a database that compiles and plots transcript expression of lipid-related genes during natural leaf senescence of Arabidopsis. The database allowed identification of coordinated patterns of down-regulation of lipid biosynthesis genes and the contrasting groups of genes that increase, including 68 putative lipases.
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13
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Production of human milk fat substitutes enriched in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids using immobilized commercial lipases and Candida parapsilosis lipase/acyltransferase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Osório NM, Dubreucq E, da Fonseca MMR, Ferreira-Dias S. Operational stability of immobilised lipase/acyltransferase during interesterification of fat blends. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Osório NM, Dubreucq E, da Fonseca MMR, Ferreira-Dias S. Lipase/acyltransferase-catalysed interesterification of fat blends containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Marangoni A, Willis W. Enzymatic Interesterification. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420046649.ch30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Brunel L, Neugnot V, Landucci L, Boze H, Moulin G, Bigey F, Dubreucq E. High-level expression of Candida parapsilosis lipase/acyltransferase in Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2005; 111:41-50. [PMID: 15196768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2003] [Revised: 03/05/2004] [Accepted: 03/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis has been previously shown to produce a lipase/acyltransferase (EC 3.1.1.3) that preferentially catalyses transfer reactions such as alcoholysis over hydrolysis in the presence of suitable nucleophiles other than water, even in aqueous media (aw > 0.9 ). This enzyme has been shown to belong to a new family of lipases. The present work describes the cloning of the gene coding for this lipase/acyltransferase in the yeast Pichia pastoris and the heterologous high-level expression of the recombinant enzyme. The lipase/acyltransferase gene, in which the sequence encoding the signal peptide was replaced by that of the alpha-factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was placed under the control of the methanol inducible promoter of the alcohol oxidase 1 gene (AOX1). A transformed P. pastoris clone, containing five copies of the lipase/acyltransferase gene, was selected for the production of recombinant enzyme. The fed-batch culture supernatant contained 5.8 gl(-1) (weighted) of almost pure recombinant lipase/acyltransferase displaying the same catalytic behavior as the original enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Brunel
- UMR Ingénierie des réactions biologiques, bioproductions (IR2B), INRA--ENSA.M.--Université Montpellier II, Equipe de Génie Microbiologique et Enzymatique, ENSA.M.--INRA, Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
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Roustan JL, Chu AR, Moulin G, Bigey F. A novel lipase/acyltransferase from the yeast Candida albicans: expression and characterisation of the recombinant enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 68:203-12. [PMID: 16049727 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-1896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Revised: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding an extracellular lipase (CaLIP4) from Candida albicans was successfully expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae after mutagenesis of its unusual CUG serine codon into a universal one. The ability of this lipase, which shares 60% sequence homology with the lipase/acyltransferase from Candida parapsilosis, to synthesise esters was investigated. CaLIP4 behaved as a true lipase, displaying activity towards insoluble triglycerides and having no activity in the presence of short-chain fatty acid (FA) esters and phosphatidylcholine. Methyl, ethyl and propyl esters were efficiently used. The lipase exhibited highest selectivity for unsaturated FA. With saturated FAs, C14-C16 acyl chains were preferred. In a biphasic aqueous/lipid system, CaLIP4 displayed a high alcoholysis activity with a range of alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol and isopropanol) as acyl acceptor. During the course of the alcoholysis reaction, new esters are produced at concentrations above the thermodynamic equilibrium of the esterification reaction, indicating that ester synthesis does not proceed by esterification but mainly by direct acyltransfer. Ester synthesis is under kinetic control due to the high rate of alcoholysis. Unwanted hydrolysis is limited by competition between the acyl acceptor (alcohol) and water for the acyltransfer reaction, favouring the alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Louis Roustan
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Ingénierie de la Réaction Biologique, Bioproductions, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France
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Kondo M, Rezaei K, Temelli F, Goto M. On-line Extraction−Reaction of Canola Oil with Ethanol by Immobilized Lipase in SC-CO2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ie010816o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kondo
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan, and Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Karamat Rezaei
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan, and Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Feral Temelli
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan, and Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Motonobu Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan, and Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
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Neugnot V, Moulin G, Dubreucq E, Bigey F. The lipase/acyltransferase from Candida parapsilosis: molecular cloning and characterization of purified recombinant enzymes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:1734-45. [PMID: 11895444 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2002.02828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis has been previously shown to produce a lipase (i.e. able to catalyze efficiently the hydrolysis of insoluble lipid esters such as triacylglycerols) that preferentially catalyses transfer reactions such as alcoholysis in the presence of suitable nucleophiles other than water, even in aqueous media with high (> 0.9) water thermodynamic activity. The present work describes the cloning and the overexpression of the gene coding for this enzyme. Two ORFs (CpLIP1 and CpLIP2) were isolated. The deduced 465-amino-acid protein sequences contained the consensus motif (G-X-S-X-G) which is conserved among lipolytic enzymes. Only one of the two deduced proteins (CpLIP2) contained peptide sequences obtained from the purified lipase/acyltransferase. Homology investigations showed that CpLIP2 has similarities principally with 11 lipases produced by C. albicans (42-61%) and the lipase A from Candida antarctica (31%) but not with the other lipases sequenced so far. Both CpLIP1 and CpLIP2 were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but only CpLIP2 coded for an active protein. The substrate specificity and the catalytic behavior of purified recombinant CpLIP2, with or without a C-terminal histidine tag, were not changed compared to those of the native lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Neugnot
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UFR de Microbiologie Industrielle et de Génétique des Microorganismes, Montpellier, France
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