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Rahman SU, Khan MO, Ullah R, Ahmad F, Raza G. Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation for the Development of Transgenic Crops; Present and Future Prospects. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1836-1852. [PMID: 37573566 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant transformation based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a technique that mimics the natural agrobacterium system for gene(s) introduction into crops. Through this technique, various crop species have been improved/modified for different trait/s, showing a successful genetic transformation so far. This technique has many advantages over other transformation methods such as stable integration of transgene, cost effective. However, there are many limitations of this technology such as mostly the crops are recalcitrant to agrobacterium, low transformation efficiency, transgene integration as well as off targets. So, it's very important to explore the major limitations and possible solutions for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in order to increase its genetic transformation efficiency. Therefore, the present review article gives a comprehensive study how the transgenic crops are developed using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, crops that have already been modified through this method, and risks associated with transgenic plants based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Moreover, the challenges and problems associated with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and how those problems can be solved in future for a successful genetic transformation of crops using modern biotechnology techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 systems. The present review article will be really helpful for the audience those working on Genome editing of crops using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and will opens many ways for future plant genetic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ur Rahman
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Constituent College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Omar Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Constituent College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Shahid Benazir Bhatoo University Sheringal, Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fayaz Ahmad
- Agriculture Research Institute (ARI), Swat, Mingora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Raza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Constituent College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Bélanger JG, Copley TR, Hoyos-Villegas V, Charron JB, O'Donoughue L. A comprehensive review of in planta stable transformation strategies. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:79. [PMID: 38822403 PMCID: PMC11140912 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant transformation remains a major bottleneck to the improvement of plant science, both on fundamental and practical levels. The recalcitrant nature of most commercial and minor crops to genetic transformation slows scientific progress for a large range of crops that are essential for food security on a global scale. Over the years, novel stable transformation strategies loosely grouped under the term "in planta" have been proposed and validated in a large number of model (e.g. Arabidopsis and rice), major (e.g. wheat and soybean) and minor (e.g. chickpea and lablab bean) species. The in planta approach is revolutionary as it is considered genotype-independent, technically simple (i.e. devoid of or with minimal tissue culture steps), affordable, and easy to implement in a broad range of experimental settings. In this article, we reviewed and categorized over 300 research articles, patents, theses, and videos demonstrating the applicability of different in planta transformation strategies in 105 different genera across 139 plant species. To support this review process, we propose a classification system for the in planta techniques based on five categories and a new nomenclature for more than 30 different in planta techniques. In complement to this, we clarified some grey areas regarding the in planta conceptual framework and provided insights regarding the past, current, and future scientific impacts of these techniques. To support the diffusion of this concept across the community, this review article will serve as an introductory point for an online compendium about in planta transformation strategies that will be available to all scientists. By expanding our knowledge about in planta transformation, we can find innovative approaches to unlock the full potential of plants, support the growth of scientific knowledge, and stimulate an equitable development of plant research in all countries and institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Gélinas Bélanger
- Centre de recherche sur les grains (CÉROM) Inc., 740 Chemin Trudeau, St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Québec, J3G 0E2, Canada.
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Montréal, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Tanya Rose Copley
- Centre de recherche sur les grains (CÉROM) Inc., 740 Chemin Trudeau, St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Québec, J3G 0E2, Canada
| | - Valerio Hoyos-Villegas
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Montréal, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jean-Benoit Charron
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Montréal, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Louise O'Donoughue
- Centre de recherche sur les grains (CÉROM) Inc., 740 Chemin Trudeau, St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Québec, J3G 0E2, Canada.
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Razzaq A, Zafar MM, Li P, Qun G, Deng X, Ali A, Hafeez A, Irfan M, Liu A, Ren M, Shang H, Shi Y, Gong W, Yuan Y. Transformation and Overexpression of Primary Cell Wall Synthesis-Related Zinc Finger Gene Gh_A07G1537 to Improve Fiber Length in Cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:777794. [PMID: 34804108 PMCID: PMC8604042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.777794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular interventions have helped to explore the genes involved in fiber length, fiber strength, and other quality parameters with improved characteristics, particularly in cotton. The current study is an extension and functional validation of previous findings that Gh_A07G1537 influences fiber length in cotton using a chromosomal segment substitution line MBI7747 through RNA-seq data. The recombinant Gh_A07G1537 derived from the MBI7747 line was over-expressed in CCRI24, a genotype with a low profile of fiber quality parameters. Putative transformants were selected on MS medium containing hygromycin (25mg/ml), acclimatized, and shifted to a greenhouse for further growth and proliferation. Transgene integration was validated through PCR and Southern Blot analysis. Stable integration of the transgene (ΔGh_A07G1537) was validated by tracking its expression in different generations (T0, T1, and T2) of transformed cotton plants. It was found to be 2.97-, 2.86-, and 2.92-folds higher expression in T0, T1, and T2 plants, respectively, of transgenic compared with non-transgenic cotton plants. Fiber quality parameters were also observed to be improved in the engineered cotton line. Genetic modifications of Gh_A07G1537 support the improvement in fiber quality parameters and should be appreciated for the textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Razzaq
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubashar Zafar
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | - Pengtao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Ge Qun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | - Xiaoying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | - Arfan Ali
- FB Genetics, Four Brothers Group, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College, A Chartered University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | - Maozhi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | - Haihong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | - Wankui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | - Youlu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Pathi KM, Tuteja N. High-frequency regeneration via multiple shoot induction of an elite recalcitrant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Narashima) by using embryo apex. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e22763. [PMID: 23221745 PMCID: PMC3745583 DOI: 10.4161/psb.22763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the most commercially important fiber crops in the world. Compared with other crops, cotton represents a recalcitrant species for regeneration protocols. The development of efficient and rapid regeneration protocol for elite Indian cotton variety could help improve the quality characteristics and biotic or abiotic stress tolerance. Here we report a novel regeneration protocol in Indian cotton cultivar Narashima. The maximum number of multiple shoots obtained was 16 per explants, performance which has never been achieved in any prior reports. The embryo apex explants were isolated from 2 d old in vitro growing seedlings. Explants were cultured on MS medium containing different plant growth regulator combinations in order to induce multiple shoots. Among the tested combinations, the 2 mg/l of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2 mg/l kinetin (KIN) proved to be most suited for achieving the maximum number of multiple shoots. The elongation of multiple shoots was obtained in media supplemented with gibberellic acid (GA3). The regenerated plants were successfully hardened in earthen pots after adequate acclimatization. This method avoids callus tissue, the stage of regeneration which may lead to somaclonal variation. The important feature of the presented method is shortening of regeneration time, as well as the induction of a high number of multiple shoots per explants. The present protocol may provide an efficient and rapid regeneration tool for obtaining more stable transformants from embryo apex explants of Indian cotton cultivar Narashima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Mohan Pathi
- Plant Molecular Biology Group; International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; New Delhi, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group; International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; New Delhi, India
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Sun SB, Meng LS, Sun XD, Feng ZH. Using high competent shoot apical meristems of cockscomb as explants for studying function of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE11 (ASL11) gene of Arabidopsis. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:3973-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rao AQ, Bakhsh A, Kiani S, Shahzad K, Shahid AA, Husnain T, Riazuddin S. The myth of plant transformation. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:753-763. [PMID: 19508888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Technology development is innovative to many aspects of basic and applied plant transgenic science. Plant genetic engineering has opened new avenues to modify crops, and provided new solutions to solve specific needs. Development of procedures in cell biology to regenerate plants from single cells or organized tissue, and the discovery of novel techniques to transfer genes to plant cells provided the prerequisite for the practical use of genetic engineering in crop modification and improvement. Plant transformation technology has become an adaptable platform for cultivar improvement as well as for studying gene function in plants. This success represents the climax of years of efforts in tissue culture improvement, in transformation techniques and in genetic engineering. Plant transformation vectors and methodologies have been improved to increase the efficiency of transformation and to achieve stable expression of transgenes in plants. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of important issues related to plant transformation as well as advances made in transformation techniques during three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qayyum Rao
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Allah Bakhsh
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Kiani
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Shahzad
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali Shahid
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - S Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
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Arockiasamy S, Ignacimuthu S. Regeneration of transgenic plants from two indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars using shoot apex explants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2007; 26:1745-53. [PMID: 17593368 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We have established a reproducible procedure for transformation of shoot apices and regeneration of transgenic plants for two indica rice cultivars, white ponni (WP) and Pusa Basmathi 1 (PB 1). Four-day-old shoot apex explants were transformed by cocultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA 101 harbouring a binary plasmid pRIT1. The vector contained an improved hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene for hygromycin resistance driven by actin 1 promoter and the reporter gene beta-glucuronidase intron (INT-GUS) controlled by CaMV 35S promoter. Rice shoots were induced on media containing 0.1 mg/l napthalene acetic acid (NAA), 1.0 mg/l kinetin (kn), 1.0 mg/l N(6)-benzyleaminopurin (BAP), 300 mg/l casaminoacid, 500 mg/l proline, 50 mg/l hygromycin and 500 mg/l cefotaxime. Transgenic plants were raised in pots and seeds were collected. Histochemical and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses of field established transgenic rice plants and their offsprings confirmed the presence of GUS gene. Integration of T-DNA into the genome of putative transgenics was further confirmed by southern analysis. The transformation efficiency of WP was found to be ranging from 5.6 to 6.2% whereas in the case of PB1, it was from 7 to 8%. Progeny analysis of these plants showed a pattern of classical Mendelian inheritance for both hpt and GUS gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arockiasamy
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
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Park SH, Pinson SR, Smith RH. T-DNA integration into genomic DNA of rice following Agrobacterium inoculation of isolated shoot apices. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 32:1135-48. [PMID: 9002612 DOI: 10.1007/bf00041397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper establishes that the isolated shoot meristem of monocotyledons can be infected and transformed using Agrobacterium. Since this explant from nearly any cereal cultivar can rapidly regenerate into a plant, using this explant effectively eliminates the genotype regeneration restrictions to cereal crop transformation allowing direct transformation of elite germplasm. Shoot apices of Oryza sativa L. Tropical Japonica, cv. Maybelle were explants used for cocultivation, and gene transfer was accomplished using Agrobacterium containing plasmids for the bar gene expression driven by the CaMV 35S promoter or by the rice actin 1 promoter. Experiments to determine the survival rates of isolated shoot apices on media containing the herbicide, glufosinate-ammonium (PPT), established that no shoot apices survived on 0.5 or 1.0 mg/l PPT. After shoot apices were cocultivated with Agrobacterium, 2.8% (overall 20 out of 721 shoot apices) survived on 0.5 mg/l PPT. Results demonstrated that the use of the actin 1 promoter-based expression vector and an extra-wounding treatment of the meristematic cells appeared to be most effective in promoting transformation. Integration, expression and transmission of the transferred foreign genes in primary, R1 and R2 generation plants were confirmed by molecular analyses and herbicide application tests. A germination test of R2 progeny from one of the transgenic plants (R1) established a phenotype segregation ratio showing a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern. Inactivation of the transferred foreign gene in R2 progeny appeared to result from transgene methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Park
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA
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Environmental risk assessment of releases of transgenic plants containing virus-derived inserts. Transgenic Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01968945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ulian EC, Magill JM, Smith RH. Expression and inheritance pattern of two foreign genes in petunia. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1994; 88:433-440. [PMID: 24186031 DOI: 10.1007/bf00223657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/1993] [Accepted: 09/09/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm.) plants were obtained from Agrobacterium-mediated shoot apex transformation. Studies at the phenotypic as well as molecular level established both the presence of the NPT II (neomycin phosphotransferase II) and GUS (β-glucuronidase) genes and their level of activity. Twenty-nine primary transformed plants showed varying patterns of phenotype expression of both genes. NPT II and GUS expression in 7 primary plants over a 4-month interval showed varying levels of gene expression within and among individual plants. All primary transgenic plants were self-pollinated and backcrossed to establish the inheritance patterns of both genes. Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance patterns for both genes were observed. Analysis of the progeny showed poor transmission of the foreign genes through the pollen especially when two or more bands were present in the Southern hybridization. Most plants whose progeny segregated in Mendelian ratios for either the NPT II or GUS gene had just one copy of the gene. In this study where both foreign genes were examined in both self and test crosses, no transgenic plant showed Mendelian patterns of inheritance for both foreign traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Ulian
- Centro de Tecnologia Copersucar, Caixa Postal 162, 13400, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Chen JL, Beversdorf WD. A combined use of microprojectile bombardment and DNA imbibition enhances transformation frequency of canola (Brassica napus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1994; 88:187-92. [PMID: 24185925 DOI: 10.1007/bf00225896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/1993] [Accepted: 08/11/1993] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to increase the frequency of recovered homozygous transgenic B. napus plants from direct DNA transformation treatments led to the development of a method of combined microprojectile bombardment and desiccation/DNA imbibition. The combined method was compared to individual treatments in two experiments utilizing microspore-derived embryo hyocotyls as targets for the β-glucuronidase (GUS) and NPT II genes. Both the transient gene expression of β-GUS and the stable transformation by NPT II demonstrated that the combined use of microprojectile bombardment and desiccation/DNA imbibition yielded more transgenic plants (at least three-times more) than either individual transformation protocol. In a histochemical analysis for β-GUS activity, an average of 37% of the hypocotyls receiving the combined treatment displayed a positive response, whereas only 8% of the hypocotyls showed a positive response following microprojectile bombardment alone. The hypocotyls obtained by the joint treatment also showed more multisite expression of the β-GUS gene per hypocotyl than those treated only with microprojectile bombardment. Southern analysis of NPT II gene integration into subsequently-derived secondary embryos indicated that the transformation efficiency of the combined treatment was 2% in comparison to 0.6% for that of the singular microprojectile bombardment. The number of inserts integrating per transformation event appears to be independent of the transformation methods. Neither of the marker genes was expressed in hypocotyls treated only with desiccation/DNA imbibition. Utilization of hypocotyl regeneration from microspore-derived embryos via a secondary embryogenesis system provided a reliable method for producing transgenic plants. The combined use of microprojectile bombardment and desiccation/DNA imbibition proved to be an efficient approach to obtain homozygous transgenic canola plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Chen
- Department of Crop Science, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
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Hernalsteens JP. Plant Gene Identification by Random Gene Fusions. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.1994.10818790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Duban ME, Lee K, Lynn DG. Strategies in pathogenesis: mechanistic specificity in the detection of generic signals. Mol Microbiol 1993; 7:637-45. [PMID: 8469110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The virulence genes of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens are induced by more than 40 low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds. The prevailing opinion is that (i) wound-derived phenols produced on breach of the integrity of the cell wall act as the initiating signal in a series of events which results in host cell transformation, and (ii) a classical membrane receptor, putatively VirA, is responsible for the recognition of all such phenolic inducers. Here, we argue that the discovery of the subset of inducers that are relatives of the dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside (DCG) growth factors redirects our attention to work on the plant wound as a site of cell division, and suggests that we further explore the implications of early work on the relationship between transformation efficiency and the status of the cell cycle of the host. In addition, we argue that the significant structural diversity allowed in the para position of the phenol ring of inducers suggests that a receptor-ligand interaction based solely on structural recognition is insufficient, but that recognition followed by a specific proton transfer event may be sufficient to explain vir induction activity. Hence, the specificity of the response of A. tumefaciens may be a consequence of the features required for a chemical reaction to occur on the receptor surface. Finally, we review affinity labelling studies which exploit this phenol detection mechanism and which provide evidence that the phenol receptor may be other than VirA, the sensory kinase of the two component regulatory system implicated in Agrobacterium virulence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Duban
- Searle Chemistry Laboratory, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Veluthambi K, Krishnan M, Gould JH, Smith RH, Gelvin SB. Opines stimulate induction of the vir genes of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid. J Bacteriol 1989; 171:3696-703. [PMID: 2738020 PMCID: PMC210113 DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.7.3696-3703.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon incubation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens A348 with acetosyringone, the vir genes encoded by the Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid are induced. The addition of certain opines, including octopine, nopaline, leucinopine, and succinamopine, enhanced this induction 2- to 10-fold. The compounds mannopine, acetopine, arginine, pyruvate, and leucine did not stimulate the induction of the vir genes to such an extent. The enhancement of vir gene induction by opines depended on acetosyringone and the genes virA and virG. Opines stimulated the activity of the vir genes, the double-stranded cleavage of the T (transferred)-DNA at the border repeat sequences, and the production of T-strands by the bacterium. The transformation efficiency of cotton shoot tips was markedly increased by the addition of acetosyringone and nopaline at the time of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Veluthambi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Thomas JC, Guiltinan MJ, Bustos S, Thomas T, Nessler C. Carrot (Daucus carota) hypocotyl transformation usingAgrobacterium tumefaciens. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1989; 8:354-357. [PMID: 24233274 DOI: 10.1007/bf00716672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/1989] [Revised: 06/14/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Daucus carota hypocotyl sections were transformed withAgrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 containing CaMV 35S promoter, β-glucuronidase coding sequence and the nopaline synthase (Nos) poly adenylation sequences in Bin 19. Sliced sterile seedling hypocotyl segments were preincubated for 2 days, co-cultivated withAgrobacterium for an additional 2 days, and then transferred to medium containing 100ug/ml of kanamycin and 400ug/ml carbenicillin. In 6 weeks kanamycin resistant calli were obtained in 5.8% of the explants from one variety. Calli were subcultured on solid medium, and in 4 weeks introduced into suspension culture. NPTII and Southern blot analysis confirmed that three selected lines were transformed with 1-3 copies of the GUSII construction. GUS activity in transformants was 5 to 250 fold over background.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 85721, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Bryant JA. Apex gives six weeks' return: a new route to plant gene transfer. Trends Biotechnol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7799(88)90114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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