1
|
Pradhan A, Mounford H, Peixinho J, Rea E, Epeslidou E, Scott JS, Cull J, Maxwell S, Webster R, Beeson D, Dong YY, Prekovic S, Bermudez I, Newbury DF. Unraveling the molecular interactions between α7 nicotinic receptor and a RIC3 variant associated with backward speech. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:129. [PMID: 38472514 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Recent work putatively linked a rare genetic variant of the chaperone Resistant to Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (RIC3) (NM_024557.4:c.262G > A, NP_078833.3:p.G88R) to a unique ability to speak backwards, a language skill that is associated with exceptional working memory capacity. RIC3 is important for the folding, maturation, and functional expression of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). We compared and contrasted the effects of RIC3G88R on assembly, cell surface expression, and function of human α7 receptors using fluorescent protein tagged α7 nAChR and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy imaging in combination with functional assays and 125I-α-bungarotoxin binding. As expected, the wild-type RIC3 protein was found to increase both cell surface and functional expression of α7 receptors. In contrast, the variant form of RIC3 decreased both. FRET analysis showed that RICG88R increased the interactions between RIC3 and α7 protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. These results provide interesting and novel data to show that a RIC3 variant alters the interaction of RIC3 and α7, which translates to decreased cell surface and functional expression of α7 nAChR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Pradhan
- Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, England
| | - Hayley Mounford
- Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, England
| | - Jessica Peixinho
- Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, England
| | - Edward Rea
- Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, England
- Oxford Brookes Centre for Bioimaging, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, England
| | - Emmanouela Epeslidou
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julia S Scott
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna Cull
- Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, England
| | - Susan Maxwell
- Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, England
| | - Richard Webster
- Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, England
| | - David Beeson
- Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, England
| | - Yin Yao Dong
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, England
| | - Stefan Prekovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Bermudez
- Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, England
| | - Dianne F Newbury
- Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, England.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guzman-Vallejos MS, Ramirez-Cando LJ, Aguayo L, Ballaz SJ. Molecular Docking Analysis at the Human α7-nAChR and Proliferative and Evoked-Calcium Changes in SH-SY5Y Cells by Imidacloprid and Acetamiprid Insecticides. Neurotox Res 2024; 42:16. [PMID: 38376791 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Acetamiprid (ACE) and Imidacloprid (IMI) are widely-used neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) with functional activity at human acetylcholine nicotinic receptors and, therefore, with putative toxic effects. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the interactions between NNIs and α7-nAChR, as this receptor keeps intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) to an optimum for an adequate neuronal functioning. Possible interactions between NNIs and the cryo-EM structure of the human α-7 nAChR were identified by molecular docking. Additionally, NNI effects were analyzed in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, as they naturally express α-7 nAChRs. Functional studies included proliferative/cytotoxic effects (MTT test) in undifferentiated SH-SY-5Y cells and indirect measurements of [Ca2+]i transients in retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY-5Y cells loaded with Fluo-4 AM. Docking analysis showed that the binding of IMI and ACE occurred at the same aromatic cage that the specific α-7 nAChR agonist EVP-6124. IMI showed a better docking strength than ACE. According to the MTT assays, low doses (10-50 µM) of IMI better than ACE stimulated neuroblastoma cell proliferation. At higher doses (250-500 µM), IMI also prevailed over ACE and dose-dependently triggered more abrupt fluorescence changes due to [Ca2+]i mobilization in differentiated SH-SY5Y neurons. Indeed, only IMI blunted nicotine-evoked intracellular fluorescence stimulation (i.e., nicotine cross-desensitization). Summarizing, IMI demonstrated a superior docking strength and more robust cellular responses compared to ACE, which were likely associated with a stronger activity at α-7nAChRs. Through the interaction with α-7nAChRs, IMI would demonstrate its high neurotoxic potential for humans. More research is needed for investigating the proliferative effects of IMI in neuroblastoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenin J Ramirez-Cando
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Universidad Yachay Tech, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Luis Aguayo
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Santiago J Ballaz
- School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Ave. Samborondón 5, Samborondón, 0901952, Ecuador.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rose JJ, Krishnan-Sarin S, Exil VJ, Hamburg NM, Fetterman JL, Ichinose F, Perez-Pinzon MA, Rezk-Hanna M, Williamson E. Cardiopulmonary Impact of Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping Products: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023; 148:703-728. [PMID: 37458106 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Vaping and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use have grown exponentially in the past decade, particularly among youth and young adults. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for both cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. Because of their more limited ingredients and the absence of combustion, e-cigarettes and vaping products are often touted as safer alternative and potential tobacco-cessation products. The outbreak of e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury in the United States in 2019, which led to >2800 hospitalizations, highlighted the risks of e-cigarettes and vaping products. Currently, all e-cigarettes are regulated as tobacco products and thus do not undergo the premarket animal and human safety studies required of a drug product or medical device. Because youth prevalence of e-cigarette and vaping product use was as high as 27.5% in high school students in 2019 in the United States, it is critical to assess the short-term and long-term health effects of these products, as well as the development of interventional and public health efforts to reduce youth use. The objectives of this scientific statement are (1) to describe and discuss e-cigarettes and vaping products use patterns among youth and adults; (2) to identify harmful and potentially harmful constituents in vaping aerosols; (3) to critically assess the molecular, animal, and clinical evidence on the acute and chronic cardiovascular and pulmonary risks of e-cigarette and vaping products use; (4) to describe the current evidence of e-cigarettes and vaping products as potential tobacco-cessation products; and (5) to summarize current public health and regulatory efforts of e-cigarettes and vaping products. It is timely, therefore, to review the short-term and especially the long-term implications of e-cigarettes and vaping products on cardiopulmonary health. Early molecular and clinical evidence suggests various acute physiological effects from electronic nicotine delivery systems, particularly those containing nicotine. Additional clinical and animal-exposure model research is critically needed as the use of these products continues to grow.
Collapse
|
4
|
Choueiry J, Blais CM, Shah D, Smith D, Fisher D, Labelle A, Knott V. An α7 nAChR approach for the baseline-dependent modulation of deviance detection in schizophrenia: A pilot study assessing the combined effect of CDP-choline and galantamine. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:381-395. [PMID: 36927273 PMCID: PMC10101183 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231158903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive operations including pre-attentive sensory processing are markedly impaired in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) but evidence significant interindividual heterogeneity, which moderates treatment response with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists. Previous studies in healthy volunteers have shown baseline-dependency effects of the α7 nAChR agonist cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) administered alone and in combination with a nicotinic allosteric modulator (galantamine) on auditory deviance detection measured with the mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential (ERP). AIM The objective of this pilot study was to assess the acute effect of this combined α7 nAChR-targeted treatment (CDP-choline/galantamine) on speech MMN in patients with SCZ (N = 24) stratified by baseline MMN responses into low, medium, and high baseline auditory deviance detection subgroups. METHODS Patients with a stable diagnosis of SCZ attended two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and counter-balanced testing sessions where they received a placebo or a CDP-choline (500 mg) and galantamine (16 mg) treatment. MMN ERPs were recorded during the presentation of a fast multi-feature speech MMN paradigm including five speech deviants. Clinical measures were acquired before and after treatment administration. RESULTS While no main treatment effect was observed, CDP-choline/galantamine significantly increased MMN amplitudes to frequency, duration, and vowel speech deviants in low group individuals. Individuals with higher positive and negative symptom scale negative, general, and total scores expressed the greatest MMN amplitude improvement following CDP-choline/galantamine. CONCLUSIONS These baseline-dependent nicotinic effects on early auditory information processing warrant different dosage and repeated administration assessments in patients with low baseline deviance detection levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Choueiry
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Crystal M Blais
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dhrasti Shah
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Smith
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Derek Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alain Labelle
- The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao M, Ma Y, Xin J, Cao C, Wang J. Detection of differential selection pressure and functional-specific sites in subunits of vertebrate neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13161-13170. [PMID: 34596010 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1982772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are made of subunits evolved from a common ancestor. Despite the similarity in their sequences and structures, the properties of these subunits vary significantly. Thus, identifying the evolution features and function-related sites specific to each subunit is essential for understanding the characteristics of the subunits and the receptors assembled by them. In this study, we examined the sequence features of the nine neuronal nAChRs subunits from representative vertebrate species. Analysis revealed that all the subunits were subject to strong purifying selection in evolution, and each was under a unique pattern of selection pressures. At the same time, the functional constraints were not uniform within each subunit, with different domains in the molecule being subject to different selection pressures. We also detected potential positive selection events in the subunits or subunit clusters, and identified the sites might be associated with the function specificity of each subunit. Furthermore, positive selection at some domains might contribute to the diversity of subunit function; for example, the β9 strand might be related to the agonist specificity of α subunit in heteromeric receptor and β4-β5 linker could be involved in Ca2+ permeability. Subunits α7, α4 and β2 subunits possess a strong adaptability in vertebrates. Our results highlighted the importance of tracking functional differentiation in protein sequence underlying functional properties of nAChRs. In summary, our work may provide clues on understanding the diversity and the function specificity of the nAChR subunits, as well as the receptors co-assembled by them.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuequn Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juncai Xin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changying Cao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Impact of Electronic Cigarette Vaping on Cerebral Ischemia: What We Know So Far. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:923-938. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
7
|
Unique effects of nicotine across the lifespan. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 214:173343. [PMID: 35122768 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Although combustible cigarettes are largely being replaced by tobacco-free products, nicotine use continues to increase in vulnerable populations, including youth, adolescents, and pregnant women. Nicotine exerts unique effects on specific brain regions during distinct developmental periods due to the dynamic expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) throughout the lifespan. Nicotine exposure is a health concern not only for adults but also has neurotoxic effects on the fetus, newborn, child, and adolescent. In this review, we aim to highlight the dynamic roles of nAChRs throughout gestation, adolescence, and adulthood. We also provide clinical and preclinical evidence of the neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and behavioral consequences of nicotine exposure at different developmental periods. This comprehensive review highlights unique effects of nicotine throughout the lifespan to help elucidate interventions and public health measures to protect sensitive populations from nicotine exposure.
Collapse
|
8
|
Interactions between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy: Implications for Apoptosis and Neuroplasticity-Related Proteins in Palmitic Acid-Treated Prefrontal Cells. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8851327. [PMID: 34646319 PMCID: PMC8505096 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8851327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity of palmitic acid (PA) or high-fat diets has been reported to increase endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in peripheral tissue as well as apoptotic cell death. It also can lead to an AD-like pathological pattern. However, it has been unknown that PA-induced ER stress and autophagy are involved in the regulation of neuroplastic abnormalities. Here, we investigated the roles of ER stress and autophagy in apoptosis and neuroplasticity-related protein expression in PA-treated prefrontal cells. Prefrontal cells dissected from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with PA compound with ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or PA alone. PA promoted ER stress and autophagy and also cause apoptosis as well as a decline in the expression of neuroplasticity-related proteins. Inhibition of ER stress decreased the expressions of neuroplasticity-related proteins and reduced autophagy activation and apoptosis in PA-treated prefrontal cells. Inhibition of autophagy exacerbated apoptosis and enhanced ER stress in PA-treated prefrontal cells. The present study illustrated that both ER stress and autophagy could be involved in apoptosis and decreased neuroplasticity-related proteins, and the interaction between ER stress and autophagy may play a critical role in apoptosis in PA-treated prefrontal cells. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms in vitro of lipotoxicity in obesity-related cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zheng JJ, Zhang TY, Liu HT, Huang ZX, Teng JM, Deng JX, Zhong JG, Qian X, Sheng XW, Ding JQ, He SQ, Zhao X, Ji WD, Qi DF, Li W, Zhang M. Cytisine Exerts an Anti-Epileptic Effect via α7nAChRs in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:706225. [PMID: 34248648 PMCID: PMC8263902 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.706225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common chronic neurological disease that is often invulnerable to anti-epileptic drugs. Increasing data have demonstrated that acetylcholine (ACh) and cholinergic neurotransmission are involved in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Cytisine, a full agonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) and a partial agonist of α4β2nAChRs, has been widely applied for smoking cessation and has shown neuroprotection in neurological diseases. However, whether cytisine plays a role in treating TLE has not yet been determined. Experimental Approach: In this study, cytisine was injected intraperitoneally into pilocarpine-induced epileptic rats for three weeks. Alpha-bungarotoxin (α-bgt), a specific α7nAChR antagonist, was used to evaluate the mechanism of action of cytisine. Rats were assayed for the occurrence of seizures and cognitive function by video surveillance and Morris water maze. Hippocampal injuries and synaptic structure were assessed by Nissl staining and Golgi staining. Furthermore, levels of glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), ACh, and α7nAChRs were measured. Results: Cytisine significantly reduced seizures and hippocampal damage while improving cognition and inhibiting synaptic remodeling in TLE rats. Additionally, cytisine decreased glutamate levels without altering GABA levels, and increased ACh levels and α7nAChR expression in the hippocampi of TLE rats. α-bgt antagonized the above-mentioned effects of cytisine treatment. Conclusion and Implications: Taken together, these findings indicate that cytisine exerted an anti-epileptic and neuroprotective effect in TLE rats via activation of α7nAChRs, which was associated with a decrease in glutamate levels, inhibition of synaptic remodeling, and improvement of cholinergic transmission in the hippocampus. Hence, our findings not only suggest that cytisine represents a promising anti-epileptic drug, but provides evidence of α7nAChRs as a novel therapeutic target for TLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Teng-Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Mei Teng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Xian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Gui Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Qian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Wen Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Qiang Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Qiao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Feng Qi
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hop-ital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baradaran R, Anbarkeh FR, Delavar A, Khorasgani EM, Rahimian N, Abbasi Y, Jaberi N. Hippocampal asymmetry and regional dispersal of nAChRs alpha4 and alpha7 subtypes in the adult rat. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 116:101977. [PMID: 34052301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To better comprehend the relationship between left/right (L/R) differences and hippocampus functions is necessary knowledge of lateral asymmetry and regional distribution. This research was design to examine hippocampal L/R asymmetry and regional distribution profile of the alpha7 and alpha4 subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the adult rat. 10-12-week-old twenty-four male wistar rats were randomly selected. After removing the brains, immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and western blot methods were applied to distinguish the presence of the receptors in the hippocampus. Outcomes stated that the mentioned receptors expression profile was spatial-dependent. As, the hippocampal dispersal of alpha7 and alpha4 subtypes in the left hippocampus (LH) was remarkably maximum compare with the right hippocampus (RH) (p = 0.001, p = 0.005 respectively). Furthermore, the alpha7 optical density (OD) was not significantly different in the diverse regions in hippocampus of adult rat (p = 0.057), while the maximum OD of the alpha4 was detected in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA3 regions of LH (p = 0.007, p = 0.009 respectively) and the minimum OD was in the CA1 of the RH (p = 0.019). In real time PCR evaluation, there is a significantly higher expression of alpha7 and alpha4 in LH compared to RH (p = 0.043, p = 0.049 respectively), also, for western blot (p = 0.042, p = 0.030 respectively). According to present data, the alpha7 and alpha4 nAChR subtypes expression profile demonstrated lateral asymmetry, the uniform regional dispersal for alpha7 and different regional dispersal for alpha4 in the adult rat hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Baradaran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi Anbarkeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Delavar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yusef Abbasi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Najmeh Jaberi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qin Z, Xiang K, Su DF, Sun Y, Liu X. Activation of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 11:595342. [PMID: 33633726 PMCID: PMC7901247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) underlined the urgent need for alleviating cytokine storm. We propose here that activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is a potential therapeutic strategy. However, there is currently no approved drugs targeting the regulatory pathway. It is evident that nicotine, anisodamine and some herb medicine, activate the CAP and exert anti-inflammation action in vitro and in vivo. As the vagus nerve affects both inflammation and specific immune response, we propose that vagus nerve stimulation by invasive or non-invasive devices and acupuncture at ST36, PC6, or GV20, are also feasible approaches to activate the CAP and control COVID-19. It is worth to investigate the efficacy and safety of the strategy in patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Kefa Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Koola MM. Alpha7 nicotinic-N-methyl-D-aspartate hypothesis in the treatment of schizophrenia and beyond. Hum Psychopharmacol 2021; 36:1-16. [PMID: 32965756 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Development of novel treatments for positive, cognitive, and negative symptoms continue to be a high-priority area of schizophrenia research and a major unmet clinical need. Given that all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted to date failed with one add-on medication/mechanism of action, future RCTs with the same approach are not warranted. Even if the field develops a medication for cognition, others are still needed to treat negative and positive symptoms. Therefore, fixing one domain does not completely solve the problem. Also, targeting the cholinergic system, glutamatergic system, and cholinergic plus alpha7 nicotinic and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors failed independently. Hence, targeting other less important pathophysiological mechanisms/targets is unlikely to be successful. Meta-analyses of RCTs targeting major pathophysiological mechanisms have found some efficacy signal in schizophrenia; thus, combination treatments with different mechanisms of action may enhance the efficacy signal. The objective of this article is to highlight the importance of conducting RCTs with novel combination treatments in schizophrenia to develop antischizophrenia treatments. Positive RCTs with novel combination treatments that target the alpha7 nicotinic and NMDA receptors simultaneously may lead to a disease-modifying therapeutic armamentarium in schizophrenia. Novel combination treatments that concurrently improve the three domains of psychopathology and several prognostic and theranostic biomarkers may facilitate therapeutic discovery in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maju Mathew Koola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Choueiry J, Blais CM, Shah D, Smith D, Fisher D, Illivitsky V, Knott V. CDP-choline and galantamine, a personalized α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor targeted treatment for the modulation of speech MMN indexed deviance detection in healthy volunteers: a pilot study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3665-3687. [PMID: 32851421 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The combination of CDP-choline, an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) agonist, with galantamine, a positive allosteric modulator of nAChRs, is believed to counter the fast desensitization rate of the α7 nAChRs and may be of interest for schizophrenia (SCZ) patients. Beyond the positive and negative clinical symptoms, deficits in early auditory prediction-error processes are also observed in SCZ. Regularity violations activate these mechanisms that are indexed by electroencephalography-derived mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to auditory deviance. OBJECTIVES/METHODS This pilot study in thirty-three healthy humans assessed the effects of an optimized α7 nAChR strategy combining CDP-choline (500 mg) with galantamine (16 mg) on speech-elicited MMN amplitude and latency measures. The randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, and counterbalanced design with a baseline stratification method allowed for assessment of individual response differences. RESULTS Increases in MMN generation mediated by the acute CDP-choline/galantamine treatment in individuals with low baseline MMN amplitude for frequency, intensity, duration, and vowel deviants were revealed. CONCLUSIONS These results, observed primarily at temporal recording sites overlying the auditory cortex, implicate α7 nAChRs in the enhancement of speech deviance detection and warrant further examination with respect to dysfunctional auditory deviance processing in individuals with SCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Choueiry
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Crystal M Blais
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dhrasti Shah
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Derek Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Vadim Illivitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cellular Prion Protein (PrPc): Putative Interacting Partners and Consequences of the Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197058. [PMID: 32992764 PMCID: PMC7583789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a small glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored protein most abundantly found in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM) in the central nervous system (CNS). PrPc misfolding causes neurodegenerative prion diseases in the CNS. PrPc interacts with a wide range of protein partners because of the intrinsically disordered nature of the protein’s N-terminus. Numerous studies have attempted to decipher the physiological role of the prion protein by searching for proteins which interact with PrPc. Biochemical characteristics and biological functions both appear to be affected by interacting protein partners. The key challenge in identifying a potential interacting partner is to demonstrate that binding to a specific ligand is necessary for cellular physiological function or malfunction. In this review, we have summarized the intracellular and extracellular interacting partners of PrPc and potential consequences of their binding. We also briefly describe prion disease-related mutations at the end of this review.
Collapse
|
15
|
Schrank S, Barrington N, Stutzmann GE. Calcium-Handling Defects and Neurodegenerative Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a035212. [PMID: 31427373 PMCID: PMC7328457 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signaling is critical to neuronal function and regulates highly diverse processes such as gene transcription, energy production, protein handling, and synaptic structure and function. Because there are many common underlying calcium-mediated pathological features observed across several neurological conditions, it has been proposed that neurodegenerative diseases have an upstream underlying calcium basis in their pathogenesis. With certain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, specific sources of calcium dysregulation originating from distinct neuronal compartments or channels have been shown to have defined roles in initiating or sustaining disease mechanisms. Herein, we will review the major hallmarks of these diseases, and how they relate to calcium dysregulation. We will then discuss neuronal calcium handling throughout the neuron, with special emphasis on channels involved in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Schrank
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Nikki Barrington
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abbasi F, Baradaran R, Khoshdel-Sarkarizi H, Kargozar S, Hami J, Mohammadipour A, Kheradmand H, Haghir H. Distribution pattern of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in developing cerebellum of rat neonates born of diabetic mothers. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 108:101819. [PMID: 32522497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Abbasi
- Department of Anatomy and cell Biology, School of Medicine, MashhadUniversity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raheleh Baradaran
- Department of Anatomy and cell Biology, School of Medicine, MashhadUniversity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Khoshdel-Sarkarizi
- Department of Anatomy and cell Biology, School of Medicine, MashhadUniversity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Kargozar
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Hami
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, BirjandUniversity of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Abbas Mohammadipour
- Department of Anatomy and cell Biology, School of Medicine, MashhadUniversity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Kheradmand
- Hazrat Rasoul Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Haghir
- Department of Anatomy and cell Biology, School of Medicine, MashhadUniversity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC), School of Medicine, MashhadUniversity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baradaran R, Khoshdel‐Sarkarizi H, Kargozar S, Hami J, Mohammadipour A, Sadr‐Nabavi A, Peyvandi Karizbodagh M, Kheradmand H, Haghir H. Developmental regulation and lateralisation of the α7 and α4 subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in developing rat hippocampus. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:303-318. [DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Baradaran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Hoda Khoshdel‐Sarkarizi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Saeid Kargozar
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG) Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Javad Hami
- Department of Anatomical Sciences School of Medicine Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran
| | - Abbas Mohammadipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Ariane Sadr‐Nabavi
- Department of Medical Genetics School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC) School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Hamed Kheradmand
- Hazrat Rasoul Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Haghir
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC) School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kynurenine Pathway as a New Target of Cognitive Impairment Induced by Lead Toxicity During the Lactation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3184. [PMID: 32081969 PMCID: PMC7035386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The immature brain is especially vulnerable to lead (Pb2+) toxicity, which is considered an environmental neurotoxin. Pb2+ exposure during development compromises the cognitive and behavioral attributes which persist even later in adulthood, but the mechanisms involved in this effect are still unknown. On the other hand, the kynurenine pathway metabolites are modulators of different receptors and neurotransmitters related to cognition; specifically, high kynurenic acid levels has been involved with cognitive impairment, including deficits in spatial working memory and attention process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the neurocognitive impairment induced by Pb2+ toxicity and the kynurenine pathway. The dams were divided in control group and Pb2+ group, which were given tap water or 500 ppm of lead acetate in drinking water ad libitum, respectively, from 0 to 23 postnatal day (PND). The poison was withdrawn, and tap water was given until 60 PND of the progeny. The locomotor activity in open field, redox environment, cellular function, kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) levels as well as kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) and kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) activities were evaluated at both 23 and 60 PND. Additionally, learning and memory through buried food location test and expression of KAT and KMO, and cellular damage were evaluated at 60 PND. Pb2+ group showed redox environment alterations, cellular dysfunction and KYNA and 3-HK levels increased. No changes were observed in KAT activity. KMO activity increased at 23 PND and decreased at 60 PND. No changes in KAT and KMO expression in control and Pb2+ group were observed, however the number of positive cells expressing KMO and KAT increased in relation to control, which correlated with the loss of neuronal population. Cognitive impairment was observed in Pb2+ group which was correlated with KYNA levels. These results suggest that the increase in KYNA levels could be a mechanism by which Pb2+ induces cognitive impairment in adult mice, hence the modulation of kynurenine pathway represents a potential target to improve behavioural alterations produced by this environmental toxin.
Collapse
|
19
|
Nicotinic Receptors Underlying Nicotine Dependence: Evidence from Transgenic Mouse Models. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 45:101-121. [PMID: 32468493 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine underlies the reinforcing properties of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes. After inhalation and absorption, nicotine binds to various nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes localized on the pre- and postsynaptic membranes of cells, which subsequently leads to the modulation of cellular function and neurotransmitter signaling. In this chapter, we begin by briefly reviewing the current understanding of nicotine's actions on nAChRs and highlight considerations regarding nAChR subtype localization and pharmacodynamics. Thereafter, we discuss the seminal discoveries derived from genetically modified mouse models, which have greatly contributed to our understanding of nicotine's effects on the reward-related mesolimbic pathway and the aversion-related habenulo-interpeduncular pathway. Thereafter, emerging areas of research focusing on modulation of nAChR expression and/or function are considered. Taken together, these discoveries have provided a foundational understanding of various genetic, neurobiological, and behavioral factors underlying the motivation to use nicotine and related dependence processes, which are thereby advancing drug discovery efforts to promote long-term abstinence.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ren M, Lotfipour S. Nicotine Gateway Effects on Adolescent Substance Use. West J Emerg Med 2019; 20:696-709. [PMID: 31539325 PMCID: PMC6754186 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2019.7.41661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the rise in teenage use of electronic nicotine delivery systems ("vaping") in congruence with the increasing numbers of drug-related emergencies, it is critical to expand the knowledge of the physical and behavioral risks associated with developmental nicotine exposure. A further understanding of the molecular and neurochemical underpinnings of nicotine's gateway effects allows emergency clinicians to advise patients and families and adjust treatment accordingly, which may minimize the use of tobacco, nicotine, and future substances. Currently, the growing use of tobacco products and electronic cigarettes among teenagers represents a major public health concern. Adolescent exposure to tobacco or nicotine can lead to subsequent abuse of nicotine and other substances, which is known as the gateway hypothesis. Adolescence is a developmentally sensitive time period when risk-taking behaviors, such as sensation seeking and drug experimentation, often begin. These hallmark behaviors of adolescence are largely due to maturational changes in the brain. The developing brain is particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of drugs of abuse, including tobacco and nicotine products, which activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Disruption of nAChR development with early nicotine use may influence the function and pharmacology of the receptor subunits and alter the release of reward-related neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA, serotonin, and glutamate. In this review, we emphasize that the effects of nicotine are highly dependent on timing of exposure, with a dynamic interaction of nAChRs with dopaminergic, endocannabinoid, and opioidergic systems to enhance general drug reward and reinforcement. We analyzed available literature regarding adolescent substance use and nicotine's impact on the developing brain and behavior using the electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published in English between January 1968 and November 2018. We present a large collection of clinical and preclinical evidence that adolescent nicotine exposure influences long-term molecular, biochemical, and functional changes in the brain that encourage subsequent drug abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ren
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irvine, California
| | - Shahrdad Lotfipour
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irvine, California
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Broide RS, Winzer-Serhan UH, Chen Y, Leslie FM. Distribution of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit mRNA in the Developing Mouse. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:76. [PMID: 31447654 PMCID: PMC6691102 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Homomeric α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are abundantly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS, respectively), and spinal cord. In addition, expression and functional responses have been reported in non-neuronal tissue. In the nervous system, α7 nAChR subunit expression appears early during embryonic development and is often transiently upregulated, but little is known about their prenatal expression outside of the nervous system. For understanding potential short-term and long-term effects of gestational nicotine exposure, it is important to know the temporal and spatial expression of α7 nAChRs throughout the body. To that end, we studied the expression of α7 nAChR subunit mRNA using highly sensitive isotopic in situ hybridization in embryonic and neonatal whole-body mouse sections starting at gestational day 13. The results revealed expression of α7 mRNA as early as embryonic day 13 in the PNS, including dorsal root ganglia, parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia, with the strongest expression in the superior cervical ganglion, and low to moderate levels were detected in brain and spinal cord, respectively, which rapidly increased in intensity with embryonic age. In addition, robust α7 mRNA expression was detected in the adrenal medulla, and low to moderate expression in selected peripheral tissues during embryonic development, potentially related to cells derived from the neural crest. Little or no mRNA expression was detected in thymus or spleen, sites of immune cell maturation. The results suggest that prenatal nicotine exposure could potentially affect the nervous system with limited effects in non-neural tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ron S Broide
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ursula H Winzer-Serhan
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Yling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Frances M Leslie
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kantrowitz JT. N-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptor modulators and related medications for the enhancement of auditory system plasticity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 207:70-79. [PMID: 29459050 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in N-methyl-d-aspartate-type (NMDAR) function contribute to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, particularly dysfunction in neuroplasticity, defined as reduced learning during training on exercises that place implicit, increasing demands on early sensory (auditory and visual) information processing. Auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) can be both a target engagement biomarker for the NMDAR and a proxy measure of neurophysiological plasticity. This review covers the evidence for using NMDAR modulator and related compounds for enhancement of cognition, with a particular focus on early auditory processing/plasticity. Compounds covered include glycine site agonists, glycine and system A-type transporter inhibitors, d-amino acid oxidase inhibitors, memantine and nicotinic alpha-7 acetylcholine receptor agonists. As opposed to daily treatment studies focusing on schizophrenia in general, intermittent, non-daily treatment combining NMDAR modulators with neuroplasticity-based paradigms, using MMN as target-engagement biomarkers show promise as treatments to both remediate plasticity deficits and overall functional deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Kantrowitz
- Schizophrenia Research Center, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Toxic Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Brainstem Nicotinic Receptor Expression: Primary Cause of Sudden Unexplained Perinatal Death. TOXICS 2018; 6:toxics6040063. [PMID: 30340403 PMCID: PMC6316297 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among the neurotoxicants contained in tobacco smoke, if absorbed during pregnancy, nicotine significantly affects α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which play essential roles in the development of the brainstem regions receiving cholinergic projections in perinatal life. Immunohistochemical procedures for analysing formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded brainstem samples from 68 fetuses and early newborns, with smoking and non-smoking mothers, who died of known and unknown causes, were carried out in order to determine if nicotine had activated the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. High α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression levels were only observed in the victims with smoking mothers. Frequently, these findings were associated with the hypoplasia of the brainstem structures controlling vital functions. The results of this study indicate that the exposition to nicotine in pregnancy exerts a strong direct effect on α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity especially in perinatal life and may be one of the primary risk factors leading to the sudden unexplained death of fetuses and newborns.
Collapse
|
24
|
Badanavalu MP, Srivatsan M. Nicotine is neuroprotective to neonatal neurons of sympathetic ganglion in rat. Auton Neurosci 2018; 216:25-32. [PMID: 30206032 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sympathetic neurons of SCG are dependent on availability of nerve growth factor (NGF) for their survival. SCG neurons express nicotinic receptors (nAChR) whose expression levels are modulated by nicotine. Nicotine exerts multiple effects on neurons, including neuroprotection, through nAChR binding. Although sympathetic neurons express robust levels of nAChR, a possible neuroprotective role for nicotine in these neurons is not well-understood. Therefore we determined the effect of nicotine exposure on survival of SCG neurons during NGF withdrawal in a well-established cell culture system. NGF was withdrawn in rat neonatal SCG neuron cultures which were then treated with either 10 μM nicotine alone or with nAChR antagonists 0.1 μM α-bungarotoxin (antagonist for α7 subunit bearing nAChR) and 10 μM mecamylamine (non-specific antagonist for ganglionic nAChR) for 48 h. Apoptotic death was determined by TUNEL staining. Cell survival was also determined by MTS assay. Western blot analysis of ERK1/2 was also performed. Our results showed that exposure to 10 μM nicotine significantly reduced apoptotic cell death in SCG neurons resulting from NGF withdrawal as shown by fewer TUNEL positive cells. The MTS assay results also revealed that 10 μM nicotine concentration significantly increased cell survival thus indicating neuroprotective effect of nicotine against cell death resulting from NGF withdrawal. Nicotinic receptor antagonists (bungarotoxin & mecamylamine) attenuated the effect of nicotine's action of neuroprotection. Western blot analysis showed an increased expression of ERK1/2 in nicotine treated cultures suggesting nicotine provided neuroprotection in SCG neurons by increasing the expression of ERK1/2 through nicotinic receptor dependent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevappa P Badanavalu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, United States
| | - Malathi Srivatsan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
A Multidisciplinary Approach Reveals an Age-Dependent Expression of a Novel Bioactive Peptide, Already Involved in Neurodegeneration, in the Postnatal Rat Forebrain. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8070132. [PMID: 29996490 PMCID: PMC6070872 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8070132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal forebrain has received much attention due to its involvement in multiple cognitive functions, but little is known about the basic neuronal mechanisms underlying its development, nor those mediating its primary role in Alzheimer’s disease. We have previously suggested that a novel 14-mer peptide, ‘T14’, could play a pivotal role in Alzheimer’s disease, via reactivation of a developmental signaling pathway. In this study, we have characterized T14 in the context of post-natal rat brain development, using a combination of different techniques. Ex-vivo rat brain slices containing the basal forebrain, at different stages of development, were used to investigate large-scale neuronal network activity in real time with voltage-sensitive dye imaging. Subsequent Western blot analysis revealed the expression profile of endogenous T14, its target alpha7 nicotinic receptor and the familiar markers of Alzheimer’s: amyloid beta and phosphorylated Tau. Results indicated maximal neuronal activity at the earliest ages during development, reflected in a concomitant profile of T14 peptide levels and related proteins. In conclusion, these findings show that the peptide, already implicated in neurodegenerative events, has an age-dependent expression, suggesting a possible contribution to the physiological mechanisms underlying brain maturation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Mendoza C, Barreto GE, Iarkov A, Tarasov VV, Aliev G, Echeverria V. Cotinine: A Therapy for Memory Extinction in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6700-6711. [PMID: 29335846 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that may develop after exposure to exceptionally threatening or unescapable horrifying events. Actual therapies fail to alleviate the emotional suffering and cognitive impairment associated with this disorder, mostly because they are ineffective in treating the failure to extinguish trauma memories in a great percentage of those affected. In this review, current behavioral, cellular, and molecular evidence supporting the use of cotinine for treating PTSD are reviewed. The role of the positive modulation by cotinine of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and their downstream effectors, the protection of astroglia, and the inhibition of microglia in the PTSD brain are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandre Iarkov
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Institute of Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Severniy Proezd, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 1142432, Russia. .,"GALLY" International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA. .,School of Health Sciences and Healthcare Administration, University of Atlanta, Johns Creek, GA, 30097, USA.
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4030000, Concepción, Chile. .,Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Research and Development, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Perez-Urrutia N, Mendoza C, Alvarez-Ricartes N, Oliveros-Matus P, Echeverria F, Grizzell JA, Barreto GE, Iarkov A, Echeverria V. Intranasal cotinine improves memory, and reduces depressive-like behavior, and GFAP + cells loss induced by restraint stress in mice. Exp Neurol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
28
|
Lavezzi AM, Ferrero S, Roncati L, Piscioli F, Matturri L, Pusiol T. Nicotinic Receptor Abnormalities in the Cerebellar Cortex of Sudden Unexplained Fetal and Infant Death Victims-Possible Correlation With Maternal Smoking. ASN Neuro 2017; 9:1759091417720582. [PMID: 28735558 PMCID: PMC5528189 DOI: 10.1177/1759091417720582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are cationic channels of the neuronal cell membrane, differentially expressed in the central nervous system which, when activated by endogenous acetylcholine or exogenous nicotine, are able to enhance cholinergic transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate in human perinatal age the immunohistochemical expression of the α7-nAChR subtype, given its involvement in neuronal differentiation and its significant vulnerability to the toxic effects of nicotine. Thirty fetuses (with a gestational age between 25 and 40 weeks) and 35 infants (1-6 months old), suddenly died of known (controls) and unknown causes (unexplained deaths), with smoking and nonsmoking mothers, were included in this study. A negative or low immunoexpression of α7-nAChRs, indicative of their inactivation, was observed in the granular layers of the cerebellar cortex in 66% of the sudden unexplained perinatal deaths and 11% of the controls. A high correlation was also observed between these findings and maternal smoking. Apart from the well-known adverse effects of nicotine exposure during pregnancy, it may also cause significant alterations in cerebellar cholinergic transmission in areas of the brain involved in vital functions. These events may give us insights into the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to sudden unexplained fetal and infant death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Lavezzi
- “Lino Rossi” Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferrero
- “Lino Rossi” Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Roncati
- Institute of Pathology, Hospital of Rovereto, Trento, Italy
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and of Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Piscioli
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and of Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Luigi Matturri
- “Lino Rossi” Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Pusiol
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and of Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico Hospital, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hill MD, Fang H, King HD, Iwuagwu CI, McDonald IM, Cook J, Zusi FC, Mate RA, Knox RJ, Post-Munson D, Easton A, Miller R, Lentz K, Clarke W, Benitex Y, Lodge N, Zaczek R, Denton R, Morgan D, Bristow L, Macor JE, Olson R. Development of 4-Heteroarylamino-1'-azaspiro[oxazole-5,3'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes] as α7 Nicotinic Receptor Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:133-137. [PMID: 28105289 PMCID: PMC5238485 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of quinuclidine-containing spiroimidates and their utility as α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonists. A convergent synthetic route allowed for rapid SAR investigation and provided a diverse set of fused 6,5-heteroaryl analogs. Two potent and selective α7 nAChR partial agonists, (1'S,3'R,4'S)-N-(7-bromopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl)-4H-1'-azaspiro[oxazole-5,3'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-2-amine (20) and (1'S,3'R,4'S)-N-(7-chloropyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl)-4H-1'-azaspiro[oxazole-5,3'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-2-amine (21), were identified. Both agonists improved cognition in a preclinical rodent model of learning and memory. Additionally, 5-HT3A receptor SAR suggested the presence of a steric site that when engaged led to significant loss of affinity at that receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Hill
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Haiquan Fang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - H. Dalton King
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Christiana I. Iwuagwu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Ivar M. McDonald
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - James Cook
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - F. Christopher Zusi
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Robert A. Mate
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Ronald J. Knox
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Debra Post-Munson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Amy Easton
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Regina Miller
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Kimberley Lentz
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Wendy Clarke
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Yulia Benitex
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Nicholas Lodge
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Robert Zaczek
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Rex Denton
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Daniel Morgan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Linda Bristow
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - John E. Macor
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| | - Richard Olson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research
and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hill MD, Fang H, Digavalli SV, Healy FL, Gallagher L, Post-Munson D, Chen P, Natale J, Benitex Y, Morgan D, Lodge N, Bristow L, Macor JE, Olson RE. Development of spiroguanidine-derived α7 neuronal nicotinic receptor partial agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:578-581. [PMID: 27993517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of quinuclidine-containing spiroguanidines and their utility as α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonists. The convergent synthetic route developed for this study allowed for rapid SAR investigation and provided access to a structurally diverse set of analogs. A potent and selective α7 nAChR partial agonist, N-(6-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-3',5'-dihydro-4-azaspiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,4'-imidazole]-2'-amine (BMS-910731, 16), was identified. This compound induced immediate early genes c-fos and Arc in a preclinical rodent model of α7 nAChR-derived cellular activation and plasticity. Importantly, the ability to incorporate selectivity for the α7 nACh receptor over the 5-HT3A receptor in this series suggested a significant difference in steric requirements between the two receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hill
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA.
| | - Haiquan Fang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Sivarao V Digavalli
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Francine L Healy
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Lizbeth Gallagher
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Debra Post-Munson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Joanne Natale
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Yulia Benitex
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Daniel Morgan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Nicholas Lodge
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Linda Bristow
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - John E Macor
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | - Richard E Olson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Badin AS, Morrill P, Devonshire IM, Greenfield SA. (II) Physiological profiling of an endogenous peptide in the basal forebrain: Age-related bioactivity and blockade with a novel modulator. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:47-60. [PMID: 26773199 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that neurodegeneration is an aberrant form of development, mediated by a novel peptide from the C-terminus of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Using voltage-sensitive dye imaging we have investigated the effects of a synthetic version of this peptide in the in vitro rat basal forebrain, a key site of degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. The brain slice preparation enables direct visualisation in real-time of sub-second meso-scale neuronal coalitions ('Neuronal Assemblies') that serve as a powerful index of brain functional activity. Here we show that (1) assemblies are site-specific in their activity profile with the cortex displaying a significantly more extensive network activity than the sub-cortical basal forebrain; (2) there is an age-dependency, in both cortical and sub-cortical sites, with the younger brain (p14 rats) exhibiting more conspicuous assemblies over space and time compared to their older counterparts (p35-40 rats). (3) AChE-derived peptide significantly modulates the dynamics of neuronal assemblies in the basal forebrain of the p14 rat with the degree of modulation negatively correlated with age, (4) the differential in assembly size with age parallels the level of endogenous peptide in the brain, which also declines with maturity, and (5) this effect is completely reversed by a cyclised variant of AChE-peptide, 'NBP14'. These observations are attributed to an enhanced calcium entry that, according to developmental stage, could be either trophic or toxic, and as such may provide insight into the basic neurodegenerative process as well as an eventual therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine-Scott Badin
- Neuro-Bio Ltd, Building F5, Culham Science Centre, Oxfordshire, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul Morrill
- Neuro-Bio Ltd, Building F5, Culham Science Centre, Oxfordshire, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Devonshire
- Neuro-Bio Ltd, Building F5, Culham Science Centre, Oxfordshire, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - Susan A Greenfield
- Neuro-Bio Ltd, Building F5, Culham Science Centre, Oxfordshire, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nicotinic modulation of hippocampal cell signaling and associated effects on learning and memory. Physiol Behav 2015; 155:162-71. [PMID: 26687895 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a key brain structure involved in synaptic plasticity associated with long-term declarative memory formation. Importantly, nicotine and activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) can alter hippocampal plasticity and these changes may occur through modulation of hippocampal kinases and transcription factors. Hippocampal kinases such as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CAMKs), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and c-jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), and the transcription factor cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) that are activated either directly or indirectly by nicotine may modulate hippocampal plasticity and in parallel hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Evidence suggests that nicotine may alter hippocampus-dependent learning by changing the time and magnitude of activation of kinases and transcription factors normally involved in learning and by recruiting additional cell signaling molecules. Understanding how nicotine alters learning and memory will advance basic understanding of the neural substrates of learning and aid in understanding mental disorders that involve cognitive and learning deficits.
Collapse
|
33
|
Askew CE, Metherate R. Synaptic interactions and inhibitory regulation in auditory cortex. Biol Psychol 2015; 116:4-9. [PMID: 26555718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This Special Issue focuses on the auditory-evoked mismatch negativity (MMN), an electrophysiological index of change, and its reduction in schizophrenia. The following brief review is an attempt to complement the behavioral and clinical contributions to the Special Issue by providing basic information on synaptic interactions and processing in auditory cortex. A key observation in previous studies is that the MMN involves activation of cortical N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Yet, NMDA receptor activation is regulated by a number of synaptic events, which also may contribute to the MMN reduction in schizophrenia. Accordingly, this review will focus on synaptic interactions, notably inhibitory regulation of NMDA receptor-mediated activity, in auditory cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Askew
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Hearing Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Raju Metherate
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Hearing Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Quik M, Zhang D, McGregor M, Bordia T. Alpha7 nicotinic receptors as therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 97:399-407. [PMID: 26093062 PMCID: PMC4600450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that CNS α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are important targets for the development of therapeutic approaches for Parkinson's disease. This progressive neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by debilitating motor deficits, as well as autonomic problems, cognitive declines, changes in affect and sleep disturbances. Currently l-dopa is the gold standard treatment for Parkinson's disease motor problems, particularly in the early disease stages. However, it does not improve the other symptoms, nor does it reduce the inevitable disease progression. Novel therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease are therefore critical. Extensive pre-clinical work using a wide variety of experimental models shows that nicotine and nAChR agonists protect against damage to nigrostriatal and other neuronal cells. This observation suggests that nicotine and/or nAChR agonists may be useful as disease modifying agents. Additionally, studies in several parkinsonian animal models including nonhuman primates show that nicotine reduces l-dopa-induced dyskinesias, a side effect of l-dopa therapy that may be as incapacitating as Parkinson's disease itself. Work with subtype selective nAChR agonists indicate that α7 nAChRs are involved in mediating both the neuroprotective and antidyskinetic effects, thus offering a targeted strategy with optimal beneficial effects and minimal adverse responses. Here, we review studies demonstrating a role for α7 nAChRs in protection against neurodegenerative effects and for the reduction of l-dopa-induced dyskinesias. Altogether, this work suggests that α7 nAChRs may be useful targets for reducing Parkinson's disease progression and for the management of the dyskinesias that arise with l-dopa therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Danhui Zhang
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matthew McGregor
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, CA 94025, USA
| | - Tanuja Bordia
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, CA 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tang B, Luo D, Yang J, Xu XY, Zhu BL, Wang XF, Yan Z, Chen GJ. Modulation of AMPA receptor mediated current by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in layer I neurons of rat prefrontal cortex. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14099. [PMID: 26370265 PMCID: PMC4572933 DOI: 10.1038/srep14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Layer I neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) exhibit extensive synaptic connections with deep layer neurons, implying their important role in the neural circuit. Study demonstrates that activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) increases excitatory neurotransmission in this layer. Here we found that nicotine selectively increased the amplitude of AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated current and AMPA/NMDA ratio, while without effect on NMDA receptor-mediated current. The augmentation of AMPAR current by nicotine was inhibited by a selective α7-nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA) and intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA. In addition, nicotinic effect on mEPSC or paired-pulse ratio was also prevented by MLA. Moreover, an enhanced inward rectification of AMPAR current by nicotine suggested a functional role of calcium permeable and GluA1 containing AMPAR. Consistently, nicotine enhancement of AMPAR current was inhibited by a selective calcium-permeable AMPAR inhibitor IEM-1460. Finally, the intracellular inclusion of synthetic peptide designed to block GluA1 subunit of AMPAR at CAMKII, PKC or PKA phosphorylation site, as well as corresponding kinase inhibitor, blocked nicotinic augmentation of AMPA/NMDA ratio. These results have revealed that nicotine increases AMPAR current by modulating the phosphorylation state of GluA1 which is dependent on α7-nAChR and intracellular calcium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China.,The People's Hospital of Anyue County, 68 Wai-Nan Street, Anyue County, Si-Chuan Province, 642350,China
| | - Dong Luo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bing-Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang Q, Du Y, Zhang J, Xu X, Xue F, Guo C, Huang Y, Lukas RJ, Chang Y. Functional Impact of 14 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Causing Missense Mutations of Human α7 Nicotinic Receptor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137588. [PMID: 26340537 PMCID: PMC4560414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The α7nicotinic receptor (nAChR) is a major subtype of the nAChRs in the central nervous system, and the receptor plays an important role in brain function. In the dbSNP database, there are 55 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that cause missense mutations of the human α7nAChR in the coding region. In this study, we tested the impact of 14 SNPs that cause missense mutations in the agonist binding site or the coupling region between binding site and channel gate on the receptor function. The wild type or mutant receptors were expressed or co-expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and the agonist-induced currents were tested using two-electrode voltage clamp. Our results demonstrated that 6 mutants were nonfunctional, 4 mutants had reduced current expression, and 1 mutants altered ACh and nicotine efficacy in the opposite direction, and one additional mutant had slightly reduced agonist sensitivity. Interestingly, the function of most of these nonfunctional mutants could be rescued by α7nAChR positive allosteric modulator PNU-120596 and agonist-PAM 4BP-TQS. Finally, when coexpressed with the wild type, the nonfunctional mutants could also influence the receptor function. These changes of the receptor properties by the mutations could potentially have an impact on the physiological function of the α7nAChR-mediated cholinergic synaptic transmission and anti-inflammatory effects in the human SNP carriers. Rescuing the nonfunctional mutants could provide a novel way to treat the related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinhui Zhang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610064, China
- Chengdu institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States of America
| | - Yingjie Du
- University of California Los Angeles, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States of America
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Major Disorders; State Key Lab Incubation Base, Beijing Neuroscience Disciplines, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States of America
| | - Fenqin Xue
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States of America
- Core Facilities for Electrophysiology, Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Cong Guo
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610064, China
- Chengdu institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States of America
| | - Ronald J. Lukas
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States of America
| | - Yongchang Chang
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yuan M, Cross SJ, Loughlin SE, Leslie FM. Nicotine and the adolescent brain. J Physiol 2015; 593:3397-412. [PMID: 26018031 PMCID: PMC4560573 DOI: 10.1113/jp270492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence encompasses a sensitive developmental period of enhanced clinical vulnerability to nicotine, tobacco, and e-cigarettes. While there are sociocultural influences, data at preclinical and clinical levels indicate that this adolescent sensitivity has strong neurobiological underpinnings. Although definitions of adolescence vary, the hallmark of this period is a profound reorganization of brain regions necessary for mature cognitive and executive function, working memory, reward processing, emotional regulation, and motivated behavior. Regulating critical facets of brain maturation are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). However, perturbations of cholinergic systems during this time with nicotine, via tobacco or e-cigarettes, have unique consequences on adolescent development. In this review, we highlight recent clinical and preclinical data examining the adolescent brain's distinct neurobiology and unique sensitivity to nicotine. First, we discuss what defines adolescence before reviewing normative structural and neurochemical alterations that persist until early adulthood, with an emphasis on dopaminergic systems. We review how acute exposure to nicotine impacts brain development and how drug responses differ from those seen in adults. Finally, we discuss the persistent alterations in neuronal signaling and cognitive function that result from chronic nicotine exposure, while highlighting a low dose, semi-chronic exposure paradigm that may better model adolescent tobacco use. We argue that nicotine exposure, increasingly occurring as a result of e-cigarette use, may induce epigenetic changes that sensitize the brain to other drugs and prime it for future substance abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah J Cross
- Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Frances M Leslie
- Departments of Pharmacology
- Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kutlu MG, Gould TJ. Nicotine modulation of fear memories and anxiety: Implications for learning and anxiety disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 97:498-511. [PMID: 26231942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are a group of crippling mental diseases affecting millions of Americans with a 30% lifetime prevalence and costs associated with healthcare of $42.3 billion. While anxiety disorders show high levels of co-morbidity with smoking (45.3% vs. 22.5% in healthy individuals), they are also more common among the smoking population (22% vs. 11.1% in the non-smoking population). Moreover, there is clear evidence that smoking modulates symptom severity in patients with anxiety disorders. In order to better understand this relationship, several animal paradigms are used to model several key symptoms of anxiety disorders; these include fear conditioning and measures of anxiety. Studies clearly demonstrate that nicotine mediates acquisition and extinction of fear as well as anxiety through the modulation of specific subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in brain regions involved in emotion processing such as the hippocampus. However, the direction of nicotine's effects on these behaviors is determined by several factors that include the length of administration, hippocampus-dependency of the fear learning task, and source of anxiety (novelty-driven vs. social anxiety). Overall, the studies reviewed here suggest that nicotine alters behaviors related to fear and anxiety and that nicotine contributes to the development, maintenance, and reoccurrence of anxiety disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Temple University, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
DeAngeli NE, Todd TP, Chang SE, Yeh HH, Yeh PW, Bucci DJ. Exposure to Kynurenic Acid during Adolescence Increases Sign-Tracking and Impairs Long-Term Potentiation in Adulthood. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 8:451. [PMID: 25610382 PMCID: PMC4285091 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in brain reward systems are thought to contribute significantly to the cognitive and behavioral impairments of schizophrenia, as well as the propensity to develop co-occurring substance abuse disorders. Presently, there are few treatments for persons with a dual diagnosis and little is known about the neural substrates that underlie co-occurring schizophrenia and substance abuse. One goal of the present study was to determine if a change in the concentration of kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan metabolite that is increased in the brains of people with schizophrenia, affects reward-related behavior. KYNA is an endogenous antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, both of which are critically involved in neurodevelopment, plasticity, and behavior. In Experiment 1, rats were treated throughout adolescence with L-kynurenine (L-KYN), the precursor of KYNA. As adults, the rats were tested drug-free in an autoshaping procedure in which a lever was paired with food. Rats treated with L-KYN during adolescence exhibited increased sign-tracking behavior (lever pressing) when they were tested as adults. Sign-tracking is thought to reflect the lever acquiring incentive salience (motivational value) as a result of its pairing with reward. Thus, KYNA exposure may increase the incentive salience of cues associated with reward, perhaps contributing to an increase in sensitivity to drug-related cues in persons with schizophrenia. In Experiment 2, we tested the effects of exposure to KYNA during adolescence on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Rats treated with L-KYN exhibited no LTP after a burst of high-frequency stimulation that was sufficient to produce robust LTP in vehicle-treated rats. This finding represents the first demonstrated consequence of elevated KYNA concentration during development and provides insight into the basis for cognitive and behavioral deficits that result from exposure to KYNA during adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E DeAngeli
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College , Hanover, NH , USA
| | - Travis P Todd
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College , Hanover, NH , USA
| | - Stephen E Chang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College , Hanover, NH , USA
| | - Hermes H Yeh
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College , Hanover, NH , USA
| | - Pamela W Yeh
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College , Hanover, NH , USA
| | - David J Bucci
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College , Hanover, NH , USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) modulate the neurobiological processes underlying hippocampal learning and memory. In addition, nicotine's ability to desensitize and upregulate certain nAChRs may alter hippocampus-dependent memory processes. Numerous studies have examined the effects of nicotine on hippocampus-dependent learning, as well as the roles of low- and high-affinity nAChRs in mediating nicotine's effects on hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. These studies suggested that while acute nicotine generally acts as a cognitive enhancer for hippocampus-dependent learning, withdrawal from chronic nicotine results in deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory. Furthermore, these studies demonstrated that low- and high-affinity nAChRs functionally differ in their involvement in nicotine's effects on hippocampus-dependent learning. In the present chapter, we reviewed studies using systemic or local injections of acute or chronic nicotine, nAChR subunit agonists or antagonists; genetically modified mice; and molecular biological techniques to characterize the effects of nicotine on hippocampus-dependent learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munir Gunes Kutlu
- Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
John D, Shelukhina I, Yanagawa Y, Deuchars J, Henderson Z. Functional alpha7 nicotinic receptors are expressed on immature granule cells of the postnatal dentate gyrus. Brain Res 2014; 1601:15-30. [PMID: 25553616 PMCID: PMC4350854 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs throughout life in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, and postnatal-born granule cells migrate into the granule cell layer and extend axons to their target areas. The α7*nicotinic receptor has been implicated in neuronal maturation during development of the brain and is abundant in interneurons of the hippocampal formation of the adult brain. Signalling through these same receptors is believed also to promote maturation and integration of adult-born granule cells in the hippocampal formation. We therefore aimed to determine whether functional α7*nicotinic receptors are expressed in developing granule cells of the postnatal dentate gyrus. For these experiments we used 2-3 week-old Wistar rats, and 2-9 week old transgenic mice in which GABAergic interneurons were marked by expression of green fluorescent protein. Immunohistochemistry indicated the presence of α7*nicotinic receptor subunits around granule cells close around the subgranular zone which correlated with the distribution of developmental markers for immature granule cells. Whole-cell patch clamp recording showed that a proportion of granule cells responded to puffed ACh in the presence of atropine, and that these cells possessed electrophysiological properties found in immature granule cells. The nicotinic responses were potentiated by an allosteric α7*nicotinic receptor modulator, which were blocked by a specific α7*nicotinic receptor antagonist and were not affected by ionotropic glutamate or GABA receptor antagonists. These results suggest the presence of functional somato-dendritic α7*nicotinic receptors on immature granule cells of the postnatal dentate gyrus, consistent with studies implicating α7*nicotinic receptors in dendritic maturation of dentate gyrus neurons in adult brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle John
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Irina Shelukhina
- Department of Molecular Basis of Neurosignaling, Laboratory of Molecular Toxinology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow V-437, Russia
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioural Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Jim Deuchars
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Zaineb Henderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Prakash A, Kalra J, Mani V, Ramasamy K, Majeed ABA. Pharmacological approaches for Alzheimer’s disease: neurotransmitter as drug targets. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 15:53-71. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.988709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
43
|
Lavezzi AM, Cappiello A, Pusiol T, Corna MF, Termopoli V, Matturri L. Pesticide exposure during pregnancy, like nicotine, affects the brainstem α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression, increasing the risk of sudden unexplained perinatal death. J Neurol Sci 2014; 348:94-100. [PMID: 25433450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study indicates the impact of nicotine and pesticides (organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides used in agriculture) on neuronal α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in brainstem regions receiving cholinergic projections in human perinatal life. An in-depth anatomopathological examination of the autonomic nervous system and immunohistochemistry to analyze the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in the brainstem from 44 fetuses and newborns were performed. In addition, the presence of selected agricultural pesticides in cerebral cortex samples of the victims was determined by specific analytical procedures. Hypodevelopment of brainstem structures checking the vital functions, frequently associated with α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor immunopositivity and smoke absorption in pregnancy, was observed in high percentages of victims of sudden unexpected perinatal death. In nearly 30% of cases however the mothers never smoked, but lived in rural areas. The search for pesticides highlighted in many of these cases traces of both organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides. We detain that exposition to pesticides in pregnancy produces homologous actions to those of nicotine on neuronal α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, allowing to developmental alterations of brainstem vital centers in victims of sudden unexplained death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Lavezzi
- "Lino Rossi" Research Center for the Study and Prevention of Unexpected Perinatal Death and SIDS, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Teresa Pusiol
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital of Rovereto (Trento), Italy
| | - Melissa Felicita Corna
- "Lino Rossi" Research Center for the Study and Prevention of Unexpected Perinatal Death and SIDS, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Matturri
- "Lino Rossi" Research Center for the Study and Prevention of Unexpected Perinatal Death and SIDS, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Grizzell JA, Echeverria V. New Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of Cotinine and its Distinctive Effects from Nicotine. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:2032-46. [PMID: 24970109 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco consumption is far higher among a number of psychiatric and neurological diseases, supporting the notion that some component(s) of tobacco may underlie the oft-reported reduction in associated symptoms during tobacco use. Popular dogma holds that this component is nicotine. However, increasing evidence support theories that cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine, may underlie at least some of nicotine's actions in the nervous system, apart from its adverse cardiovascular and habit forming effects. Though similarities exist, disparate and even antagonizing actions between cotinine and nicotine have been described both in terms of behavior and physiology, underscoring the need to further characterize this potentially therapeutic compound. Cotinine has been shown to be psychoactive in humans and animals, facilitating memory, cognition, executive function, and emotional responding. Furthermore, recent research shows that cotinine acts as an antidepressant and reduces cognitive-impairment associated with disease and stress-induced dysfunction. Despite these promising findings, continued focus on this potentially safe alternative to tobacco and nicotine use is lacking. Here, we review the effects of cotinine, including comparisons with nicotine, and discuss potential mechanisms of cotinine-specific actions in the central nervous system which are, to date, still being elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Alex Grizzell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33611, USA.,Department of Research and Development, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, 10,000 Bay Pines Blvd., Bldg. 23, Rm. 123, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Department of Research and Development, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, 10,000 Bay Pines Blvd., Bldg. 23, Rm. 123, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA. .,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Carlos Antúnez 1920, Providencia, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Molas S, Dierssen M. The role of nicotinic receptors in shaping and functioning of the glutamatergic system: a window into cognitive pathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 46 Pt 2:315-25. [PMID: 24879992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of the cholinergic system in learning, memory and attention has long been recognized, although its neurobiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent evidence identifies the endogenous cholinergic signaling via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) as key players in determining the morphological and functional maturation of the glutamatergic system. Here, we review the available experimental and clinical evidence of nAChRs contribution to the establishment of the glutamatergic system, and therefore to cognitive function. We provide some clues of the putative underlying molecular mechanisms and discuss recent human studies that associate genetic variability of the genes encoding nAChR subunits with cognitive disorders. Finally, we discuss the new avenues to therapeutically targeting nAChRs in persons with cognitive dysfunction for which the α7-nAChR subunit is an important etiological mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Molas
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona E-08003, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona E-08003, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona E-08003, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona E-08003, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Iaccarino HF, Suckow RF, Xie S, Bucci DJ. The effect of transient increases in kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid levels early in life on behavior in adulthood: Implications for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2013; 150:392-7. [PMID: 24091034 PMCID: PMC3844520 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid is a tryptophan metabolite that is synthesized and released in the brain by astrocytes and acts as an antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptors, both of which are critically involved in cognition as well as neural plasticity and brain development. The concentration of kynurenic acid is increased in the brains of persons with schizophrenia and this increase has been implicated in the cognitive and social impairments associated with the disease. In addition, growing evidence suggests that the increase in kynurenic acid may begin early in life. For example, exposure to influenza A virus during development results in a transient increase in kynurenic acid concentration that could disrupt normal brain development and lead to cognitive deficits later in life. Changes in kynurenic acid may thus provide a link between developmental exposure to viruses and the increased risk of subsequently developing schizophrenia. To test this, we mimicked the effects of influenza A exposure by treating rats with kynurenine, the precursor of kynurenic acid, on postnatal days 7-10. We observed a transient increase in both kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid during treatment. When rats were subsequently behaviorally tested as adults, those previously treated with kynurenine exhibited decreased social behavior and locomotor activity. In contrast, attentional function and fear conditioning were not affected. Together with other recent findings, these data have several implications for understanding how viral-induced changes in tryptophan metabolism during development may contribute to schizophrenia-related symptoms later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F. Iaccarino
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | | | - Shan Xie
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York 10962
| | - David J. Bucci
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mielke JG, Ahuja TK, Comas T, Mealing GAR. Choline-mediated depression of hippocampal synaptic transmission. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 14:186-94. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830511y.0000000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
48
|
Shi D, Xu S, Waddell J, Scafidi S, Roys S, Gullapalli RP, McKenna MC. Longitudinal in vivo developmental changes of metabolites in the hippocampus of Fmr1 knockout mice. J Neurochem 2012; 123:971-81. [PMID: 23046047 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited mental retardation and is studied in the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse, which models both the anatomical and behavioral changes observed in FXS patients. In vitro studies have shown many alterations in synaptic plasticity and increased density of immature dendritic spines in the hippocampus, a region involved in learning and memory. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (1) H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were used to determine in vivo longitudinal changes in volume and metabolites in the hippocampus during the critical period of early myelination and synaptogenesis at post-natal days (PND) 18, 21, and 30 in Fmr1 KO mice compared with wild-type (WT) controls. MRI demonstrated an increase in volume of the hippocampus in the Fmr1 KO mouse compared with controls. MRS revealed significant developmental changes in the ratios of hippocampal metabolites N-acetylaspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (Ins), and taurine to total creatine (tCr) in Fmr1 KO mice compared with WT controls. Ins was decreased at PND 30, and taurine was increased at all ages studied in Fmr1 KO mice compared with controls. An imbalance of brain metabolites in the hippocampus of Fmr1 KO mice during the critical developmental period of synaptogenesis and early myelination could have long-lasting effects that adversely affect brain development and contribute to ongoing alterations in brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Shi
- Core for Translational Research in Imaging @ Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Olofsson PS, Rosas-Ballina M, Levine YA, Tracey KJ. Rethinking inflammation: neural circuits in the regulation of immunity. Immunol Rev 2012; 248:188-204. [PMID: 22725962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neural reflex circuits regulate cytokine release to prevent potentially damaging inflammation and maintain homeostasis. In the inflammatory reflex, sensory input elicited by infection or injury travels through the afferent vagus nerve to integrative regions in the brainstem, and efferent nerves carry outbound signals that terminate in the spleen and other tissues. Neurotransmitters from peripheral autonomic nerves subsequently promote acetylcholine-release from a subset of CD4(+) T cells that relay the neural signal to other immune cells, e.g. through activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on macrophages. Here, we review recent progress in the understanding of the inflammatory reflex and discuss potential therapeutic implications of current findings in this evolving field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peder S Olofsson
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Akagbosu CO, Evans GC, Gulick D, Suckow RF, Bucci DJ. Exposure to kynurenic acid during adolescence produces memory deficits in adulthood. Schizophr Bull 2012; 38:769-78. [PMID: 21172906 PMCID: PMC3577048 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbq151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The glia-derived molecule kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an antagonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the glycine(B) binding site on n-methyl-d-aspartateglutamate receptors, both of which have critical roles in neural plasticity as well as learning and memory. KYNA levels are increased in the brains and cerebral spinal fluid of persons with schizophrenia, leading to the notion that changes in KYNA concentration might contribute to cognitive dysfunction associated with this disorder. Indeed, recent studies indicate that increasing endogenous KYNA concentration by administering l-kynurenine (L-KYN, the precursor of KYNA) impairs spatial as well as contextual learning and memory in adult rats. In the present study, rats were treated with L-KYN (100 mg/kg) throughout adolescence to increase endogenous KYNA concentration during this critical time in brain development. Rats were then tested drug-free as adults to test the hypothesis that exposure to elevated levels of KYNA during development may contribute to cognitive dysfunction later in life. Consistent with prior studies in which adult rats were treated acutely with L-KYN, juvenile rats exposed to increased KYNA concentration during adolescence exhibited deficits in contextual fear memory, but cue-specific fear memory was not impaired. In addition, rats treated with L-KYN as adolescents were impaired on a novel object recognition memory task when tested as adults. The memory deficits could not be explained by drug-induced changes in locomotor activity or shock sensitivity. Together, these findings add to the growing literature supporting the notion that exposure to increased concentration of KYNA may contribute to cognitive deficits typically observed in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia O. Akagbosu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Gretchen C. Evans
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Danielle Gulick
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH
| | | | - David J. Bucci
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 603-646-3439, fax: 603-646-1419, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|