1
|
Petersson P, Buckenmaier S, Euerby MR, Stoll DR. A strategy for assessing peak purity of pharmaceutical peptides in reversed-phase chromatography methods using two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Part I: Selection of columns and mobile phases. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1693:463874. [PMID: 36841023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The current study describes the development of a 2D-LC-MS-based strategy for assessing main peak purity in the analysis of pharmaceutical peptides. The focus is on 2D-LC using reversed-phase (RP) separations in both dimensions, and particularly peptide isomer selectivity, since compounds with the same mass to charge ratio are not readily differentiated by mass spectrometry and therefore must be separated chromatographically. Initially, 30 column / mobile phase combinations were evaluated for both general separation performance (i.e., selectivity and peak shape) and isomer selectivity using forcibly degraded peptide samples and mixtures of synthetic diastereomers. A ranking of more than 300 UV and MS chromatograms suggests that when developing a new method, screening a set of four columns and four volatile mobile phases with differing characteristics should be adequate to both cover the selectivity space, and yield good separation performance. When 2D-LC-MS is to be used to evaluate peak purity for a new method, our results show that a second-dimension separation comprising a C8/C18 column possessing no ionic functionality, and an acetic acid / ammonium acetate mobile phase buffered at pH 5, provides good selectivity at 25 °C for peptide isomers with a MW <10 kDa. Retention data for 29 diverse peptides (1 < MW < 14 kDa, 3.7 < pI < 12.5) measured in this study using a variety of column and mobile phase conditions (i.e., 30 in total) are consistent with the classification of these various chromatographic conditions using the previously reported Peptide RPC Column Characterisation Protocol. For the investigated peptides trifluoroacetic acid was found to reduce selectivity differences between columns of diverse properties, probably due to its potential to form ion-pairs with peptides. Trifluoroacetic acid often improves peak shape for very large peptides (i.e. MW > 10 kDa). In the current dataset which also contain smaller peptides it received the highest ranking for 40% of the column and mobile phase combinations due to better selectivity and/or peak shape. The reported work here constitutes part one of a series of two papers. The second paper focuses on the use of retention modelling for rapid and accurate selection of the shallow gradients (i.e., << 1% ACN/min) required to obtain sufficient peptide isomer retention and separation in the second dimension. The overall results presented in this series of papers provides the guidance needed to develop a 2D-LC-MS method from start to finish for the analysis of main peak purity of therapeutic peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melvin R Euerby
- Faculty of Science, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6A, UK
| | - Dwight R Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, MN 56082, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chiral separation of several pesticides on an immobilized amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) column under polar-organic conditions. Influence of mobile phase and temperature on enantioselectivity. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1624:461240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
3
|
Padró JM, Keunchkarian S. State-of-the-art and recent developments of immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases for enantioseparations by high-performance liquid chromatography (2013–2017). Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
4
|
He Y, Wu Y, Cheng L, He S, Wang Q, Wang H, Ke Y. Separation of Ketorolac enantiomers on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases using a polar organic mobile phase. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao He
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Ministry; of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Yaling Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Ministry; of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Lingping Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Ministry; of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Shanshan He
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Ministry; of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Qiuhua Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Ministry; of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Ministry; of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Yanxiong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Ministry; of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Asnin LD, Stepanova MV. Van't Hoff analysis in chiral chromatography. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1319-1337. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid D. Asnin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Perm National Research Polytechnic University; Perm Russia
| | - Maria V. Stepanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Perm National Research Polytechnic University; Perm Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lajkó G, Grecsó N, Tóth G, Fülöp F, Lindner W, Ilisz I, Péter A. Liquid and subcritical fluid chromatographic enantioseparation of N
α
-Fmoc proteinogenic amino acids on Quinidine
-based zwitterionic and anion-exchanger type chiral stationary phases. A comparative study. Chirality 2017; 29:225-238. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Lajkó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Nóra Grecsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Gábor Tóth
- Institute of Medical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Antal Péter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Thermodynamic Study of Racemic Ibuprofen Separation by Liquid Chromatography Using Cellulose-Based Stationary Phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/7484731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), also known for its significant antipyretic and analgesic properties. This chiral drug is commercialized in racemic form; however, only S-(+)-ibuprofen has clinical activities. In this paper the effect of temperature change (from 288.15 to 308.15 K) on the ibuprofen resolution was studied. A column (250×4.6 mm) packed with tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) was used to obtain the thermodynamic parameters, such as enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS), variation enthalpy change (ΔΔH), variation entropy change (ΔΔS), and isoenantioselective temperature (Tiso). The mobile phase was a combination of hexane (99%), isopropyl alcohol (1%), and TFA (0.1%), as an additive. The conditions led to a selectivity of 1.20 and resolution of 4.55. The first peak, R-(−)-ibuprofen, presented an enthalpy change of 7.21 kJ/mol and entropy change of 42.88 kJ/K·mol; the last peak, S-(+)-ibuprofen, has an enthalpy change of 8.76 kJ/mol and 49.40 kJ/K·mol of entropy change.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ilisz I, Grecsó N, Forró E, Fülöp F, Armstrong DW, Péter A. High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of paclitaxel intermediate phenylisoserine derivatives on macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 114:312-20. [PMID: 26099260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of four unnatural paclitaxel precursor phenylisoserine analogs on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptides and cyclofructans as chiral selectors. The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of different mobile phase additives (alcohols, amines and acids) in different chromatographic modes, temperature and the structures of the analytes on the separations were investigated. Separations were carried out at constant mobile phase compositions in the temperature range 10-50°C on macrocyclic antibiotic-based and 5-35°C on cyclofructan-based columns and the changes in enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), entropy, Δ(ΔS°), and free energy, Δ(ΔG°), were calculated. The elution sequence was determined in most cases; no general rule could be observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nóra Grecsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enikő Forró
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
| | - Antal Péter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of unusual β3-amino acid enantiomers in different chromatographic modes on Cinchona alkaloid-based zwitterionic chiral stationary phases. Amino Acids 2015; 47:2279-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
11
|
Investigation of the structure–selectivity relationships and van’t Hoff analysis of chromatographic stereoisomer separations of unusual isoxazoline-fused 2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acids on Cinchona alkaloid-based chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1384:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
12
|
High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of cationic 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline analogs on Cinchona alkaloid-based zwitterionic chiral stationary phases. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:961-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
13
|
Ilisz I, Gecse Z, Pataj Z, Fülöp F, Tóth G, Lindner W, Péter A. Direct high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of secondary amino acids on Cinchona alkaloid-based chiral zwitterionic stationary phases. Unusual temperature behavior. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1363:169-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
14
|
Ma S, Tsui HW, Spinelli E, Busacca CA, Franses EI, Wang NHL, Wu L, Lee H, Senanayake C, Yee N, Gonella N, Fandrick K, Grinberg N. Insights into chromatographic enantiomeric separation of allenes on cellulose carbamate stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1362:119-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
15
|
Structural and temperature effects on enantiomer separations of bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-based 3-amino-2-carboxylic acids on cinchona alkaloid-based zwitterionic chiral stationary phases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 98:130-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
Pataj Z, Ilisz I, Grecsó N, Palkó M, Fülöp F, Armstrong DW, Péter A. Enantiomeric Separation of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-Based 2-Amino-3-Carboxylic Acids on Macrocyclic Glycopeptide Chiral Stationary Phases. Chirality 2014; 26:200-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Pataj
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Nóra Grecsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Márta Palkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Antal Péter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Djapic N. Thermodynamic study of urobilinogenic chlorophyll catabolites by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.26.2014.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Keunchkarian S, Padró JM, Gotta J, Nardillo AM, Castells CB. Synthesis and evaluation of a chiral stationary phase based on quinine: enantioresolution of dinitrophenyl derivatives of α-amino acids. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3660-8. [PMID: 21531421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The natural alkaloid quinine (QN) was immobilized on porous silica particles, and part of the material was subsequently endcapped with n-hexyl hydrocarbon chains. Two synthetic strategies for silanization of the support were first compared. These columns were thoroughly evaluated in order to study the influence of endcapping in the enantiorecognition features. Enantioseparations of twenty N-derivatized 2,4-dinitrophenyl α-amino acids (DNP-amino acids) were studied by changing mobile phase pH, buffer concentration, type of organic solvent in the mobile phase, and column temperature. Maximum retention factors were observed at pH ≈6, at this intermediate pH the tertiary amine of the quinine is protonated to a high degree and therefore available for strong electrostatic interactions with unprotonated anionic DNP-amino acids. The enantioselectivity factors, however, increased as the pH did in the range between 5 and 7. The increase in ionic strength had influence on retention, but not on enantioselectivity, allowing the use of this variable for optimization of retention factors. Finally, the thermodynamic transfer parameters of the enantiomers from the mobile to both CSPs (with and without endcapping, QN-CSP(EC) and QN-CSP, respectively) were estimated from van't Hoff plots within the range of 10-40 °C. Thus, the differences in the transfer enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), and transfer entropy, Δ(ΔS°), enabled an investigation of the origin of the differences in interaction energies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Keunchkarian
- Laboratorio de Separaciones Analíticas, División Química Analítica, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CIDEPINT, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Berta R, Szakács Z, Babják M, Gazdag M. The Role of Temperature in Enantioseparation of Norgestrel with Native Cyclodextrins: A Combined LC and NMR Study. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
21
|
Gwon J, Jin J, McNeff CV, Park JH. Cellulose dimethylphenylcarbamate-immobilized zirconia for chiral separation in reversed-phase CEC. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3846-54. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
22
|
Lämmerhofer M. Chiral recognition by enantioselective liquid chromatography: mechanisms and modern chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1217:814-56. [PMID: 19906381 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the state-of-the-art in LC enantiomer separation is presented. This tutorial review is mainly focused on mechanisms of chiral recognition and enantiomer distinction of popular chiral selectors and corresponding chiral stationary phases including discussions of thermodynamics, additivity principle of binding increments, site-selective thermodynamics, extrathermodynamic approaches, methods employed for the investigation of dominating intermolecular interactions and complex structures such as spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR), X-ray diffraction and computational methods. Modern chiral stationary phases are discussed with particular focus on those that are commercially available and broadly used. It is attempted to provide the reader with vivid images of molecular recognition mechanisms of selected chiral selector-selectand pairs on basis of solid-state X-ray crystal structures and simulated computer models, respectively. Such snapshot images illustrated in this communication unfortunately cannot account for the molecular dynamics of the real world, but are supposed to be helpful for the understanding. The exploding number of papers about applications of various chiral stationary phases in numerous fields of enantiomer separations is not covered systematically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lämmerhofer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Recognition Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
West C, Bouet A, Gillaizeau I, Coudert G, Lafosse M, Lesellier E. Chiral separation of phosphine-containing alpha-amino acid derivatives using two complementary cellulosic stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography. Chirality 2009; 22:242-51. [PMID: 19551878 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomeric separations of six amino-acid derivatives have been studied using packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography with two polysaccharide-based enantioselective stationary phases: cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(3-chloro-4-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-1 and -2). The effect of analyte structure on retention and separation was studied. Varied mobile phase compositions were investigated: alcohol modifier percentage was increased from 3 to 40% but smaller amounts were most effective in separating these compounds. Besides, ethanol was preferred to methanol or isopropanol as it proved to be a good compromise to achieve sufficient resolution in a reasonable analysis time. Moreover, a carbon dioxide-ethanol mixture allows performing analyses in safe and green conditions. The effect of temperature at constant mobile phase composition was explored between 10 and 40 degrees C. In most cases, increasing the temperature improved the chiral separation, up to an optimum temperature. The results are discussed in line with the structure variation of the racemic derivatives analyzed and the two columns are compared. The two columns were shown to provide complementary selectivities for the investigated solutes: whereas Lux 1 provided separation for five of the six racemates, Lux 2 could resolve the last racemic mixture. Finally, optimized conditions of separation are defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline West
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 6005, B.P. 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stern E, Goossens L, Vaccher C, Bonte JP, Depreux P, Henichart JP, Goossens JF. Chiral resolution of the enantiomers of new selective CB2 receptor agonists by liquid chromatography on amylose stationary phases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46:848-53. [PMID: 17367983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Analytical HPLC methods using derivatized amylose chiral stationary phases, Chiralpak AD-H and Chiralpak AS, were developed for the direct enantioseparation of eight substituted 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives with one stereogenic center. Baseline separation (Rs>1.5) was always achieved on amylose based Chiralpak AD-H column to the difference with Chiralpak AS. Using UV detection, a linear response was observed within a 180-420 micromol L(-1) concentration range (r2>0.991) for three racemic compounds 1, 3 and 4 with best pharmacological potentials; repeatability, limit of detection (LD) and quantification (LQ) were also determined: LD varied, for the solutes, from 0.36 to 2.56 micromol L(-1). Finally, the enantiopurity of these compounds was determined. Additionally, the effect of temperature variations upon isomer separations was investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Stern
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, EA 2692, Université de LILLE 2-BP 83, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, 59006 Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Teutenberg T, Tuerk J, Holzhauser M, Giegold S. Temperature stability of reversed phase and normal phase stationary phases under aqueous conditions. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:1101-14. [PMID: 17595945 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study the temperature stability of several normal phase and RP columns was investigated using a water-only mobile phase. The temperature was adjusted to 120 degrees C for the bare silica stationary phases and to 185 degrees C for the metal oxide and carbon stationary phases. It could be shown that metal oxide stationary phases exhibited excellent thermal stability over the duration of the test period and are therefore suitable for high temperature LC applications.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tang W, Gu T, Zhong JJ. Separation of targeted ganoderic acids from Ganoderma lucidum by reversed phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and mass spectrometry detections. Biochem Eng J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2006.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
27
|
Abstract
The high temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) reveals interesting chromatographic properties but even now, it misses some theoretical aspects concerning the influence of high temperature on thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of chromatography: such a knowledge is very essential for method development. In this work, the effect of temperature on solute behavior has been studied using various stationary phases which are representative of the available thermally stable materials present on the market. The thermodynamic properties were evaluated by using different mobile phases: acetonitrile-water, methanol-water and pure water. The obtained results were discussed on the basis of both type of mobile phases and type of stationary phases. Type of mobile phase was found to play an important role on the retention of solutes. The kinetic aspect was studied at various temperatures ranging from ambient temperature to high temperature (typically from about 30 to 200 degrees C) by fitting the experimental data with the Knox equation and it was shown that the efficiency is improved significantly when the temperature is increased. In this paper, we also discussed the problem of temperature control for thermostating columns which may represent a significant source of peak broadening: by taking into account the three main parameters such as heat transfer, pressure drop and band broadening resulting from the preheating tube, suitable rules are set up for a judicious choice of the column internal diameter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Guillarme
- Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5180, Université Claude Bernard, 43 Bd du II Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Michaud M, Jourdan E, Ravelet C, Villet A, Ravel A, Grosset C, Peyrin E. Immobilized DNA Aptamers as Target-Specific Chiral Stationary Phases for Resolution of Nucleoside and Amino Acid Derivative Enantiomers. Anal Chem 2004; 76:1015-20. [PMID: 14961733 DOI: 10.1021/ac035090f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we described the use of a DNA aptamer as a new target-specific chiral stationary phase (CSP) for the separation of oligopeptide enantiomers (Michaud, M.; Jourdan, E.; Villet, A.; Ravel, A.; Grosset, C.; Peyrin, E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 8672). However, from a practical point of view, it was fundamental to extend the applicability of such target-specific aptamer CSP to the resolution of small (bioactive) molecule enantiomers. In this paper, immobilized DNA aptamers specifically selected against D-adenosine and L-tyrosinamide were used to resolve the enantiomers by HPLC, using microbore columns. At 20 degrees C, the adenosine enantioseparation was similar to that classically reported with imprinted CSPs (approximately 3.5) while a very high enantioselectivity was observed for the tyrosinamide enantiomers (the nontarget enantiomer was essentially nonretained on the CSP). The influence of temperature on solute binding and chiral discrimination was analyzed. The binding enthalpic contributions were determined from linear van't Hoff plots. Very large DeltaH values were obtained for the target enantiomers (-71.4 +/- 0.7 kJ/mol for D-adenosine and -139.4 +/- 2.0 kJ/mol for L-tyrosinamide). Such values were consistent with the formation of a tight complex between these analytes and the aptamer CSPs. This work demonstrates that target-specific aptamer CSPs constitute a powerful tool for the resolution of small (bioactive) molecule enantiomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Michaud
- Equipe de Chimie Analytique, Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire UMR 5063 CNRS-UJF, ICMG FR 2607, Université Joseph Fourier, UFR de Pharmacie de Grenoble, Avenue de Verdun, 38240 Meylan, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Péter A, Vékes E, Armstrong DW. Effects of temperature on retention of chiral compounds on a ristocetin A chiral stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2002; 958:89-107. [PMID: 12134834 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The isocratic retention of enantiomers of chiral analytes, i.e. tryptophan, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and gamma-butyrolac tone analogs, was studied on a ristocetin A chiral stationary phase at different temperatures and with different mobile phase compositions, using the reversed-phase, polar-organic and normal-phase modes. By variation of the both mobile phase composition and the temperature, baseline separations could be achieved for these enantiomers. The retention factors and selectivity factors for the enantiomers of all investigated compounds decreased with increasing temperature. The natural logarithms of the retention factors (ln k) of the investigated compounds depended linearly on the inverse of temperature (1/T). van't Hoff plots afforded thermodynamic parameters, such as the apparent change in enthalpy (deltaH(o)), the apparent change in entropy (deltaS(o)) and the apparent change in Gibbs free energy (deltaG(o) ) for the transfer of analyte from the mobile to the stationary phase. The thermodynamic parameters (deltaH(o), deltaS(o) and deltaG(o)) were calculated in order to promote an understanding of the thermodynamic driving forces for retention in this chromatographic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antal Péter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|