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Chaprov KD, Teterina EV, Roman AY, Ivanova TA, Goloborshcheva VV, Kucheryanu VG, Morozov SG, Lysikova EA, Lytkina OA, Koroleva IV, Popova NI, Antohin AI, Ovchinnikov RK, Kukharsky MS. Comparative Analysis of MPTP Neurotoxicity in Mice with a Constitutive Knockout of the α-Synuclein Gene. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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2
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Neganova ME, Aleksandrova YR, Nebogatikov VO, Klochkov SG, Ustyugov AA. Promising Molecular Targets for Pharmacological Therapy of Neurodegenerative Pathologies. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:60-80. [PMID: 33173597 PMCID: PMC7604899 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.10925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has to confront numerous problems occurring, in particular, because of attempts to address only one of the causes of the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Recent advances in multitarget therapy research are gaining momentum by utilizing pharmacophores that simultaneously affect different pathological pathways in the neurodegeneration process. The application of such a therapeutic strategy not only involves the treatment of symptoms, but also mainly addresses prevention of the fundamental pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases and the reduction of cognitive abilities. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulation of the expression of histone deacetylases, and aggregation of pathogenic forms of proteins are among the most common and significant pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms and highlight the main aspects, including reactive oxygen species, the cell endogenous antioxidant system, neuroinflammation triggers, metalloproteinases, α-synuclein, tau proteins, neuromelanin, histone deacetylases, presenilins, etc. The processes and molecular targets discussed in this review could serve as a starting point for screening leader compounds that could help prevent or slow down the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - Yu. R. Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - V. O. Nebogatikov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - S. G. Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - A. A. Ustyugov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
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Novel Positive Allosteric Modulators of AMPA Receptors Based on 3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Scaffold. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:191-199. [PMID: 31515692 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A series of new positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors based on 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold have been designed, synthesized, and analyzed. In electrophysiological patch clamp studies, several compounds have demonstrated a sub-nanomolar potency. Compound 4 in in vivo tests showed anti-amnestic properties in the scopolamine-induced model of amnesia in the step-through passive avoidance or maximal electroshock experiments in rats at 0.01 mg/kg showing a significant "dose-response" advantage over memantine. Based on the analysis of the flexible docking results of PAMs, the cyclothiazide-like mechanism of binding mode was suggested as the major site for the interaction with AMPA receptors.
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Makhaeva GF, Rudakova EV, Kovaleva NV, Lushchekina SV, Boltneva NP, Proshin AN, Shchegolkov EV, Burgart YV, Saloutin VI. Cholinesterase and carboxylesterase inhibitors as pharmacological agents. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Conjugates of methylene blue with γ-carboline derivatives as new multifunctional agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4873. [PMID: 30890752 PMCID: PMC6424957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the inhibitory activity of methylene blue (MB) γ-carbolines (gC) conjugates (MB-gCs) against human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE), equine serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and a structurally related enzyme, porcine liver carboxylesterase (CaE). In addition, we determined the ability of MB-gCs to bind to the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of Electrophorus electricus AChE (EeAChE) and competitively displace propidium iodide from this site. Moreover, we examined the ability of MB-gCs to scavenge free radicals as well as their influence on mitochondrial potential and iron-induced lipid peroxidation. We found that MB-gCs effectively inhibited AChE and BChE with IC50 values in the range 1.73–10.5 μM and exhibited low potencies against CaE (9.8–26% inhibition at 20 μM). Kinetic studies showed that MB-gCs were mixed-type reversible inhibitors of both cholinesterases. Molecular docking results showed that the MB-gCs could bind both to the catalytic active site and to the PAS of human AChE and BChE. Accordingly, MB-gCs effectively displaced propidium from the peripheral anionic site of EeAChE. In addition, MB-gCs were extremely active in both radical scavenging tests. Quantum mechanical DFT calculations suggested that free radical scavenging was likely mediated by the sulfur atom in the MB fragment. Furthermore, the MB-gCs, in like manner to MB, can restore mitochondrial membrane potential after depolarization with rotenone. Moreover, MB-gCs possess strong antioxidant properties, preventing iron-induced lipid peroxidation in mitochondria. Overall, the results indicate that MB-gCs are promising candidates for further optimization as multitarget therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Makhaeva GF, Kovaleva NV, Lushchekina SV, Rudakova EV, Boltneva NP, Proshin AN, Lednev BV, Serkov IV, Bachurin SO. Conjugates of Tacrine and Its Cyclic Homologues with p-Toluenesulfonamide as Novel Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2019; 483:369-373. [PMID: 30607741 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672918060200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using the acylation reaction with tosyl chloride of N-aminopropyl analogues of tacrine and its cyclic homologues with different size of the aliphatic cycle (5-8), we synthesized a number of new derivatives of p-toluenesulfonamide. It is shown that the synthesized hybrid compounds of tacrine and p-toluenesulfonamide are effective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with the preferential inhibition of BChE. They also displace propidium from the peripheral anionic site of the electric eel AChE (Electrophorus electricus). The characteristics of the efficiency and selectivity of cholinesterase inhibition by the test compounds were confirmed by the results of molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia.
| | - N V Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia
| | - S V Lushchekina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - E V Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia
| | - N P Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia
| | - A N Proshin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia
| | - B V Lednev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia
| | - I V Serkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia
| | - S O Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia
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Makhaeva GF, Shevtsova EF, Kovaleva NV, Rudakova EV, Neganova ME, Dubova LG, Shevtsov PN, Aksinenko AY, Sokolov VB, Bachurin SO. Aminoadamantane conjugates with carbazole derivatives as potential multitarget agents for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Effect of the spacer structure. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Makhaeva GF, Boltneva NP, Kovaleva NV, Rudakova EV, Lushchekina SV, Aksinenko AY, Sokolov VB. Influence of the γ-carboline and carbazole pharmacophore moieties on anticholinesterase and antiradical activity of multifunctional agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Makhaeva GF, Lushchekina SV, Boltneva NP, Serebryakova OG, Rudakova EV, Ustyugov AA, Bachurin SO, Shchepochkin AV, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN, Richardson RJ. 9-Substituted acridine derivatives as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors possessing antioxidant activity for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5981-5994. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Noble EE, Mavanji V, Little MR, Billington CJ, Kotz CM, Wang C. Exercise reduces diet-induced cognitive decline and increases hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor in CA3 neurons. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2014; 114:40-50. [PMID: 24755094 PMCID: PMC4143428 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that a western diet impairs, whereas physical exercise enhances hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Both diet and exercise influence expression of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is associated with improved cognition. We hypothesized that exercise reverses diet-induced cognitive decline while increasing hippocampal BDNF. METHODS To test the effects of exercise on hippocampal-dependent memory, we compared cognitive scores of Sprague-Dawley rats exercised by voluntary running wheel (RW) access or forced treadmill (TM) to sedentary (Sed) animals. Memory was tested by two-way active avoidance test (TWAA), in which animals are exposed to a brief shock in a specific chamber area. When an animal avoids, escapes or has reduced latency to do either, this is considered a measure of memory. In a second experiment, rats were fed either a high-fat diet or control diet for 16 weeks, then randomly assigned to running wheel access or sedentary condition, and TWAA memory was tested once a week for 7 weeks of exercise intervention. RESULTS Both groups of exercised animals had improved memory as indicated by reduced latency to avoid and escape shock, and increased avoid and escape episodes (p<0.05). Exposure to a high-fat diet resulted in poor performance during both the acquisition and retrieval phases of the memory test as compared to controls. Exercise reversed high-fat diet-induced memory impairment, and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in neurons of the hippocampal CA3 region. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that exercise improves memory retrieval, particularly with respect to avoiding aversive stimuli, and may be beneficial in protecting against diet induced cognitive decline, likely via elevated BDNF in neurons of the CA3 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Noble
- Minnesota Obesity Center, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Vijayakumar Mavanji
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Research Route 151, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Minnesota Obesity Center, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Morgan R Little
- Minnesota Obesity Center, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Charles J Billington
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Research Route 151, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Minnesota Obesity Center, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 554553, USA
| | - Catherine M Kotz
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Research Route 151, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Minnesota Obesity Center, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - ChuanFeng Wang
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Research Route 151, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Minnesota Obesity Center, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Lin LW, Kuo YH, Hseu YC, Tsai CW, Hsieh MT, Chen SC, Wu CR. Osthole Improves Spatial Memory Deficits in Rats via Hippocampal α 1-Adrenergic and D 1 /D 2 Receptors. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:273682. [PMID: 23533468 PMCID: PMC3600333 DOI: 10.1155/2013/273682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of osthole, an active ingredient isolated from Cnidium monnieri L. Cusson, on spatial memory deficits caused by central neurotoxins using the Morris water maze in rats. The involvement of catecholaminergic receptors on the memory-enhancing effect of osthole in rat hippocampus was further investigated by intrahippocampal injection of catecholaminergic receptor antagonists. Intracisternal injection of osthole (10 μ g/brain) improved the spatial performance and working memory impairments caused by the catecholaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine. No significant differences in swimming speeds were observed among sham, neurotoxin-induced, and osthole-treated groups. Intracisternal osthole injection also attenuated the spatial performance and working memory impairments caused by the α 1 receptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine, the D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390, and the D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride. Therefore, we demonstrated that the effect of osthole on improving spatial memory deficits may be related to the activation of hippocampal α 1 and D1/D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Lin
- The School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Road, Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - You Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsuen Hsieh
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shiu Ching Chen
- Department of Health, Taichung Hospital, The Executive Yuan, No.199, San Min Road, Taichung 40403, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Patchev VK, Bachurin SO, Albers M, Fritzemeier KH, Papadopoulos V. Neurotrophic estrogens: essential profile and endpoints for drug discovery☆. Drug Discov Today 2008; 13:734-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2008.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Tsai FS, Peng WH, Wang WH, Wu CR, Hsieh CC, Lin YT, Feng IC, Hsieh MT. Effects of luteolin on learning acquisition in rats: Involvement of the central cholinergic system. Life Sci 2007; 80:1692-8. [PMID: 17337279 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the ameliorating effects of luteolin on memory acquisition in rats. The effects of luteolin on scopolamine-induced impairment of passive avoidance response were evaluated primarily, as well as the role of the central nervous system through the use of central neurotoxins and central nervous antagonists. Luteolin was not reversed by scopolamine N-methylbromide (M-SCOP) but blocked the impairment of learning acquisition induced by cholinergic neurotoxin (ethylcholine aziridinium, AF64A) and muscarinic (scopolamine hydrobromide, SCOP) and nicotinic (mecamylamine, MECA) receptor antagonists. However, it did not block dopaminergic neurotoxin (6-hydroxydopamine, 6-OHDA)-induced and serotonergic neurotoxin (5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, 5,7-DHT)-induced impairments. From these results, we suggest that the attenuating effect of luteolin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on the deficits of passive avoidance performance induced by SCOP may be related to the increases in the activities of central muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Shiu Tsai
- Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Datta S, Saha S, Prutzman SL, Mullins OJ, Mavanji V. Pontine-wave generator activation-dependent memory processing of avoidance learning involves the dorsal hippocampus in the rat. J Neurosci Res 2005; 80:727-37. [PMID: 15880522 PMCID: PMC1224707 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the dorsal hippocampus plays a critical role in pontine-wave (P-wave) generator activation-dependent memory processing of two-way active avoidance (TWAA) learning. To achieve this objective, rats were given small bilateral lesions in the CA1, dentate gyrus (DG), or CA3 region of the dorsal hippocampus by microinjecting ibotenic acid. After recovery, lesioned and sham-lesioned rats were trained on a TWAA learning paradigm, allowed a 6-hr period of undisturbed sleep, and then were tested on the same TWAA paradigm. It was found that lesions in the CA3 region impaired retention of avoidance learning. Conversely, lesions in the CA1 and DG regions had no effect on TWAA learning retention. None of the groups showed any changes in the baseline sleep-wake cycle or in the acquisition of TWAA learning. All rats showed increased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and increased REM sleep P-wave density during the subsequent 6-hr recording period. Impaired retention in the CA3 group occurred despite an increase in REM sleep and P-wave density, suggesting that during REM sleep, the P-wave generator interacts with the CA3 region of the dorsal hippocampus to aid in consolidation of TWAA learning. The results of the present study thus demonstrate that P-wave generator activation-dependent consolidation of memory requires an intact CA3 subfield of the dorsal hippocampus. The results also provide evidence that under mnemonic pressure, the dorsal hippocampus may not be involved directly in regulating the sleep-wake cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subimal Datta
- Sleep and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Mukhina TV, Bachurin SO, Lermontova NN, Zefirov NS. Versatile computerized system for tracking and analysis of water maze tests. BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS, INSTRUMENTS, & COMPUTERS : A JOURNAL OF THE PSYCHONOMIC SOCIETY, INC 2001; 33:371-80. [PMID: 11591069 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A crucial step in the estimation of properties of compounds in behavioral experiments is the quantification and description of the different effects observed. The goal of the present work was the automation of the Morris water maze test, one of the most popular behavioral methods for the study of animal memory. An original system was developed that provides fast and accurate tracking of animals, storage of the results in the database and video archive and a means of analyzing the results. This computerized version of the Morris water maze test permits the quantification of such vague characteristics of cognitive function as the "directionality" of search of the hidden platform after a standard training series. The suggested parameters made it possible to discriminate cognitive properties of the novel compounds from other behavioral effects affecting escape latency. The effectiveness of this system was demonstrated in two experiments with neurochemically lesioned and drug-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Mukhina
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow, Russia.
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Bachurin S, Tkachenko S, Baskin I, Lermontova N, Mukhina T, Petrova L, Ustinov A, Proshin A, Grigoriev V, Lukoyanov N, Palyulin V, Zefirov N. Neuroprotective and cognition-enhancing properties of MK-801 flexible analogs. Structure-activity relationships. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 939:219-36. [PMID: 11462774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotective and biobehavioral properties of a series of novel open chain MK-801 analogs, as well as their structure-activity relationships have been investigated. Three groups of compounds were synthesized: monobenzylamino, benzhydrylamino, and dibenzylamino (DBA) analogs of MK-801. It was revealed that DBA analogs exhibit pronounced glutamate-induced calcium uptake blocking properties and anti-NMDA activity. The hit compound of DBA series, NT-1505, was investigated for its ability to improve cognition functions in animal model of Alzheimer's disease type dementia, simulated by treating animals with cholinotoxin AF64A. The results from an active avoidance test and a Morris water maze test showed that experimental animals, treated additionally with NT-1505, exhibited much better learning ability and memory than the control group (AF64A treated) and close to that of the vehicle group of animals (treated with physiological solution). Study of NT-1505 influence on locomotor activity revealed that it is characterized by a spectrum of behavioral activity radically different from that of MK-801, and in contrast to the latter one does not produce any psychotomimetic side effects in the therapeutically significant dose interval. The computed docking of MK-801 and its flexible analogs on the NMDA receptor elucidated the crucial role of the hydrogen bond formed between these compounds and the asparagine residue for magnesium binding in the NMDA receptor. It was suggested that strong hydrophobic interaction between MK-801 and the hydrophobic pocket in the NMDA receptor-channel complex determines much higher irreversibility of this adduct compared to the intermediates formed between this site and Mg ions or flexible DBA derivatives, which might explain the absence of PCP-like side effects of the latter compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds RAS, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia.
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Lim DK, Oh YH, Kim HS. Impairments of learning and memory following intracerebroventricular administration of AF64A in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2001; 24:234-9. [PMID: 11440084 DOI: 10.1007/bf02978264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three types of learning and memory tests (Morris water maze, active and passive avoidance) were performed in rats following intracerebroventricular infusion of ethylcholine aziridium (AF64A). In Morris water maze, AF64A-treated rats showed the delayed latencies to find the platform from 6th day after the infusion. In pretrained rats, AF64A caused the significant delay of latency at 7th day, but not 8th day. In the active avoidance for the pre-trained rats, the escape latency was significantly delayed in AF64A-treatment. The percentages of avoidance in AF64A-treated rats were less increased than those in the control. Especially, the percentage of no response in the AF64A-treated rats was markedly increased in the first half trials. In the passive avoidance, AF64A-treated rats shortened the latency 1.5 h after the electronic shock, but not 24 h. AF64A also caused the pretrained rats to shorten the latency 7th day after the infusion, but not 8th day. These results indicate that AF64A might impair the learning and memory. However, these results indicate that the disturbed memory by AF64A might rapidly recover after the first retrain. Furthermore, these results suggest that AF64A may be a useful agent for the animal model of learning for spatial cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Lim
- College of Pharmacy and the Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea.
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18
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Bachurin S, Bukatina E, Lermontova N, Tkachenko S, Afanasiev A, Grigoriev V, Grigorieva I, Ivanov Y, Sablin S, Zefirov N. Antihistamine agent Dimebon as a novel neuroprotector and a cognition enhancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 939:425-35. [PMID: 11462798 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dimebon, launched earlier in Russia as an antihistamine drug, was evaluated as a representative of a new generation of anti-Alzheimer's drugs that have two beneficial actions: (1) to alleviate symptoms, and (2) to prevent progression of the disease. The drug demonstrated cognition and memory-enhancing properties in the active avoidance test in rats treated with the neurotoxin AF64A, which selectively destroys cholinergic neurons. Dimebon protected neurons in the cerebellum cell culture against the neurotoxic action of beta-amyloid fragment (A beta 25-35, EC50 = 25 microM). In vitro, Dimebon displayed Ca(2+)-blocking properties (IC50 = 57 microM, on isolated rat ileum intestine) and pronounced anticholinesterase activity (IC50 = 7.9 microM and 42 microM for butyrylcholine esterase and acetylcholine esterase, respectively). It also exhibited strong anti-NMDA activity in the prevention of NMDA-induced seizures in mice (EC50 = 42 +/- 6 mg/kg i.p.). A beneficial effect of Dimebon in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease was demonstrated in a pilot clinical trial performed in the Moscow Center of Gerontology. Fourteen patients who participated in the trial were evaluated for their state of personality and for the severity of the disease. The evaluation included orientation (space, place, time, and patient personality), memory for the past and present, life in present, speech, irritability, and so forth. During and after the eight-week therapy with Dimebon, cognitive and self-service functions of patients improved significantly, and psychopathic symptoms, anxiety, depression, tearfulness, and headache were substantially diminished. The results of these studies suggest Dimebon as a new candidate for the therapy of Alzheimer's-like disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
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Lermontova NN, Lukoyanov NV, Serkova TP, Lukoyanova EA, Bachurin SO. Dimebon improves learning in animals with experimental Alzheimer's disease. Bull Exp Biol Med 2000; 129:544-6. [PMID: 11022244 DOI: 10.1007/bf02434871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/1999] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Systemic administration of antihistamine drug dimebon improves active avoidance conditioning in rats with chronic partial deprivation of cerebral cholinergic functions caused by intracerebroventricular injections of AF64A. The effects of dimebon on learning are similar to those of tacrine used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Lermontova
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiologically Active Substances, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region
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Lermontova NN, P'chev VK, Beznosko BK, Van'kin GI, Ivanova TA, Koroleva IV, Lukoyanova EA, Mukhina TV, Serkova TP, Bachurin SO. Effects of 17 beta-estradiol and its isomer 17 alpha-estradiol on learning in rats with chronic cholinergic deficiency in the brain. Bull Exp Biol Med 2000; 129:442-4. [PMID: 10977945 DOI: 10.1007/bf02439796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/1999] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It was shown for the first time that estrogens 17 beta- and 17 alpha-estradiols compensate impaired cognitive functions in rats with partial chronic deprivation of cholinergic functions in the central nervous system induced by intracerebral administration of selective cholinergic neurotoxin AF64A. 17 beta-Estradiol produced strong dose-dependent changes in the weights of hormone-sensitive endocrine glands, while 17 alpha-estradiol did not affect the weight of the gonads and slightly influenced (in high concentration) the weights of the adrenal glands and thymus. The positive effects of exogenous 17 beta- and 17 alpha-estradiols on cognitive functions are due to their antioxidant properties, rather than due to specific action on hormone-sensitive endocrine glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Lermontova
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiologically Active Substances, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region
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Bachurin S, Oxenkrug G, Lermontova N, Afanasiev A, Beznosko B, Vankin G, Shevtzova E, Mukhina T, Serkova T. N-acetylserotonin, melatonin and their derivatives improve cognition and protect against beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 890:155-66. [PMID: 10668422 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
After a single injection of cholinergic neurotoxin ethylcholine aziridinium (AF64A, 3 nmol intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.)), rats failed to perform the tasks in the active avoidance (learning and retention paradigms) and water maze tests. N-Acetylserotonin (NAS), melatonin and their newly synthesized derivatives, CA-15 and CA-18, (0.3-3.0 mg/kg daily for 12-14 days) reversed the effect of AF64A in a dose-dependent manner with CA-18 being the most active. Melatonin and NAS caused sedation absent in CA-18-treated rats. The studied compounds (25-500 microM for 72 hr) protected against beta-amyloid peptide (beta AP) fragment 25-35-induced neurotoxicity in cerebellar granule cell culture. Our results suggest that neuroprotecting properties of these compounds might mediate their cognition-enhancing effects. The results obtained warrant the further search for the novel types of safe neuroprotectors among the synthetic NAS/melatonin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
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