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Zhang D, Baker HP, Lee CS, Pathuri M, Reddy S, Strelzow J. Corticosteroid injection of the knee within one month prior to meniscus repair increases the risk of repair failure requiring meniscectomy. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024; 52:369-373. [PMID: 37811919 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2023.2268604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meniscal tears are common knee injuries with limited endogenous healing capacity. This study aimed to investigate the association between the timing and administration of preoperative intra-articular corticosteroid injections (CSIs) and the risk of subsequent meniscectomy following meniscus repair. METHODS Using a national insurance claims database, patients aged 18-40 years undergoing meniscus repair within six months of tear diagnosis were studied. Patients were categorized based on whether they received preoperative CSIs within three intervals prior to repair. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the risk of follow-up meniscectomy while controlling for various patient-related variables. RESULTS Among 5,390 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 201 received preoperative CSIs. The CSI group was older and had higher rates of diabetes, obesity, and knee osteoarthritis. The overall rate of follow-up meniscectomy did not differ between groups. However, CSIs performed within one month prior to repair were associated with significantly higher odds of subsequent meniscectomy compared to CSIs performed between three and six months prior. Obesity, tobacco use, and knee osteoarthritis were also independently associated with higher risk, while increasing age was associated with lower risk. CONCLUSION The study highlights an increased risk of repair failure requiring follow-up meniscectomy for patients receiving intra-articular CSIs within one month prior to meniscus repair. These findings suggest caution when considering CSIs as a treatment option for patients scheduled for meniscus repair. Further research is needed to establish optimal timing guidelines for CSIs in relation to meniscus repair and to understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hayden P Baker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitative Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cody S Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitative Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manish Pathuri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sai Reddy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason Strelzow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitative Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Guler A, Senol YC, Akpinar AE, Gunerhan G, Dalgic A. Comparison of the Particulate Steroids, Betamethasone and Methylprednisolone, in Caudal Steroid Injection Under Ultrasound Guidance. World Neurosurg 2023; 178:e421-e426. [PMID: 37495099 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain relief in lumbar disc hernias is a challenging condition. This study retrospectively compared particulate steroids, methylprednisolone acetate (mid-term effective), against betamethasone acetate (long-term effective) on ultrasound-guided caudal epidural injection for lumbar disc herniation. METHODS A total of 40 patients with L4-5 and/or L5-S1 disc herniation were treated with ultrasound-guided caudal epidural injection between September 2021 and June 2022. Nineteen patients who were given methylprednisolone acetate (group A) as a steroid and a total of 21 patients who were used betamethasone acetate (Group B) were retrospectively collected, and their pain levels and functional improvement were compared retrospectively before, immediately after, and 3 weeks after the injection in terms of the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) as the efficacy value. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding age, gender, and body mass index (P > 0.05). In group A, preop VAS was 8.84 ± 0.76, immediate postop period 3.10 ± 1.37, and postop third week was 4.73 ± 2.32. In group B, the preop VAS was 8.76 ± 0.76, the postop early period was 3.14 ± 1.27, and the postop third week was 3.12 ± 1.30. In group A preop ODI was 49.84 ± 9.11 and postop third week was 22.84 ± 6.44. In group B, the preop ODI was 46.71 ± 16.15 and postop third week was 30.80 ± 17.65. Significant changes were observed in the reduction of VAS values after the procedure in both groups during the early postoperative period and the third week (P value < 0.05). However, a significant difference was not found between the changes in VAS values between the groups (P value > 0.005). Similarly, significant changes were observed in the decrease of ODI values after the procedure in both groups during the early postoperative period and the third week (P value < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the ODI scores between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS No significant difference was observed between betamethasone and methylprednisolone. Both steroid groups showed a substantial improvement in the preoperative pain scores of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Guler
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yigit Can Senol
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Afsin Emre Akpinar
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Goksal Gunerhan
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Dalgic
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Medicana International, Ankara, Turkey
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de Castro RLB, Antonio BP, Giovannetti GA, Annichino-Bizzacchi JM. Total Healing of a Partial Rupture of the Supraspinatus Tendon Using Barbotage Technique Associated with Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Randomized, Controlled, and Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1849. [PMID: 37509489 PMCID: PMC10376779 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of partial rotator cuff tears (PRCTs) is high in the general population. Our hypothesis is that barbotage, when associated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), is an effective method for healing these tears. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of barbotage with or without PRP on the healing of partial supraspinatus tendon tears (PSTTs). This study assessed the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index score and ultrasound (US) images at 6 weeks and 6 months after treatment. Patients in both groups showed clinical improvement, with no significant difference in scores at 6 weeks. However, at 6 months, the PRP group exhibited significant improvement (p = 0.019). Both groups experienced a reduction in ST tear size, but the PRP group demonstrated a significant enhancement at 6 weeks and 6 months. In conclusion, the US-guided barbotage technique, whether associated with PRP or saline solution, proved to be an effective treatment for clinical improvement and reduction in the size of PSTT. Better clinical improvement results were observed with PRP at 6 months. The combination of PRP with barbotage was superior in reducing the size of the ST tear at both 6 weeks and 6 months, resulting in complete healing in 79.3% of the tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Luiz Bevilacqua de Castro
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Tissue Regeneration Studies, Avenida Barão de Itapura 3378, Taquaral, Campinas 13070-300, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Breno Pazinatto Antonio
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Tissue Regeneration Studies, Avenida Barão de Itapura 3378, Taquaral, Campinas 13070-300, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Atra Giovannetti
- Center for Tissue Regeneration Studies, Avenida Barão de Itapura 3378, Taquaral, Campinas 13070-300, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joyce Maria Annichino-Bizzacchi
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
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Modulation of Inflammation by Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals in Tendinitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102030. [PMID: 35631173 PMCID: PMC9143056 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendinitis (tendinopathy) is a pro-inflammatory and painful tendon disease commonly linked with mechanical overuse and associated injuries, drug abuse, and lifestyle factors (including poor diet and physical inactivity) that causes significant healthcare expenditures due to its high incidence. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is one of the major pro-inflammatory transcription factors, along with other inflammation signaling pathways, triggered by a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, endotoxins, physical and chemical stressors, hypoxia, and other pro-inflammatory factors. Their activation is known to regulate the expression of a multitude of genes involved in inflammation, degradation, and cell death. The pathogenesis of tendinitis is still poorly understood, whereas efficient and sustainable treatment is missing. Targeting drug suppression of the key inflammatory regulators represents an effective strategy for tendinitis therapy, but requires a comprehensive understanding of their principles of action. Conventional monotherapies are often ineffective and associated with severe side effects in patients. Therefore, agents that modulate multiple cellular targets represent therapeutic treatment potential. Plant-derived nutraceuticals have been shown to act as multi-targeting agents against tendinitis via various anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, whereat they were able to specifically modulate numerous signaling pathways, including NF-κB, p38/MAPK, JNK/STAT3, and PI3K/Akt, thus down-regulating inflammatory processes. This review discusses the utility of herbal nutraceuticals that have demonstrated safety and tolerability as anti-inflammatory agents for the prevention and treatment of tendinitis through the suppression of catabolic signaling pathways. Limitations associated with the use of nutraceuticals are also described.
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Lin CY, Huang SC, Tzou SJ, Yin CH, Chen JS, Chen YS, Chang ST. A Positive Correlation between Steroid Injections and Cuff Tendon Tears: A Cohort Study Using a Clinical Database. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084520. [PMID: 35457390 PMCID: PMC9031762 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This cohort study aimed to investigate the association between steroid injections for shoulder diseases and the increased incidence of cuff tendon tears. The Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital clinical database was used in this study. Patients were enrolled using the corresponding diagnostic codes for shoulder diseases. Patients who received steroid injections were included in the case group, and those without steroid injections were included in the control group. The outcome measure was the occurrence of cuff tendon tears during the study period. Adjusted hazard ratios for outcomes were calculated using Cox regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, and comorbidities. Of the 1025 patients with shoulder disease, 205 were in the case group and 820 were in the control group. The incidence of cuff tendon tears was 9.8% in patients who received steroid injections (p < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratios for steroid injections, smoking, and chronic liver disease were 7.44 (p < 0.001), 2.40 (p = 0.046), 3.25 (p = 0.007), respectively. Steroid injections on the shoulder were associated with a raised risk of cuff tendon tears by 7.44 times compared to non-injection. The incidence of cuff tendon tears increased by 3.25 times with concurrent chronic liver disease and by 2.4 times with smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yueh Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802301, Taiwan;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chung Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802301, Taiwan;
- Teaching and Researching Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802301, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Jyu Tzou
- Teaching and Researching Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802301, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Yin
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan;
- Institute of Health Care Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shuen Chen
- Department of Administration, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan; (J.-S.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yao-Shen Chen
- Department of Administration, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan; (J.-S.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Shin-Tsu Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3422121 (ext. 78204)
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Mueller AL, Brockmueller A, Kunnumakkara AB, Shakibaei M. Calebin A, a Compound of Turmeric, Down-Regulates Inflammation in Tenocytes by NF-κB/Scleraxis Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031695. [PMID: 35163616 PMCID: PMC8836001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calebin A (CA) is one of the active constituents of turmeric and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Excessive inflammation and cell apoptosis are the main causes of tendinitis and tendinopathies. However, the role of CA in tendinitis is still unclear and needs to be studied in detail. Tenocytes in monolayer or 3D-alginate cultures in the multicellular tendinitis microenvironment (fibroblast cells) with T-lymphocytes (TN-ME) or with TNF-α or TNF-β, were kept without treatment or treated with CA to study their range of actions in inflammation. We determined that CA blocked TNF-β-, similar to TNF-α-induced adhesiveness of T-lymphocytes to tenocytes. Moreover, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting showed that CA, similar to BMS-345541 (specific IKK-inhibitor), suppressed T-lymphocytes, or the TNF-α- or TNF-β-induced down-regulation of Collagen I, Tenomodulin, tenocyte-specific transcription factor (Scleraxis) and the up-regulation of NF-κB phosphorylation; thus, its translocation to the nucleus as well as various NF-κB-regulated proteins was implicated in inflammatory and degradative processes. Furthermore, CA significantly suppressed T-lymphocyte-induced signaling, similar to TNF-β-induced signaling, and NF-κB activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα (an NF-κB inhibitor) and IκB-kinase activity. Finally, inflammatory TN-ME induced the functional linkage between NF-κB and Scleraxis, proposing that a synergistic interaction between the two transcription factors is required for the initiation of tendinitis, whereas CA strongly attenuated this linkage and subsequent inflammation. For the first time, we suggest that CA modulates TN-ME-promoted inflammation in tenocytes, at least in part, via NF-κB/Scleraxis signaling. Thus, CA seems to be a potential bioactive compound for the prevention and treatment of tendinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Mueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (A.-L.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (A.-L.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (A.-L.M.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-2180-72624
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Santiago M, Gonçalves F, Martins J, Lopes T, Carvalho JL. Ultrasound-Guided Injection of a Tendon-Compatible Hyaluronic Acid Preparation for the Management of Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e20900. [PMID: 35145804 PMCID: PMC8809445 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Bedi A, Trinh TQ, Olszewski AM, Maerz T, Ramme AJ. Nonbiologic Injections in Sports Medicine. JBJS Rev 2020; 8:e0052. [PMID: 32224626 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.19.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonbiologic medications (local anesthetics, corticosteroids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are commonly administered to athletes for analgesia after injury. However, the risks of nonbiologic injections often are overlooked simply because of their long-term market availability.
A thorough understanding of the mechanism of action, the reported benefits, and the potential risks of nonbiologic medications is crucial prior to their use, especially in the treatment of young athletes. Sports medicine physicians and surgeons must be aware of the systemic and local effects of these medications to ensure an appropriate drug choice that minimizes side effects and avoids recently reported toxicity to myocytes, tenocytes, and chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asheesh Bedi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thai Q Trinh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Genesis Healthcare, Zanesville, Ohio
| | - Adam M Olszewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tristan Maerz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Austin J Ramme
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Steindler Orthopedic Clinic, Iowa City, Iowa
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Liu CT, Yang TF. Intra-substance steroid injection for full-thickness supraspinatus tendon rupture. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:569. [PMID: 31775808 PMCID: PMC6882333 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of steroid injection for treatment of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this treatment method. Methods Twelve patients in Group 1 received an intra-substance injection into rupture area of supraspinatus tendon with Diprospan 1 cc (betamethasone disodium phosphate 2 mg and betamethasone dipropionate 5 mg) and 1% xylocaine 1 cc. Twelve patients in Group 2 received an injection with normal saline 1 cc and 1% xylocaine 1 cc. The rupture size was measured by sonography before the injection, 3 months after the injection, and 6 months after the injection. Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) score and Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score were measured and compared between the two groups before the injection, 1 week after the injection, 3 months after the injection, and 6 months after the injection. Results Pain and function improved more in Group 1 than in Group 2. The therapeutic effect lasted for at least 6 months in both groups. The size of the supraspinatus tendon rupture was not increased after injection in either group. Conclusions Intra-substance injection into rupture area of supraspinatus tendon with steroid and xylocaine is effective to reduce pain and improve function in patients with full-thickness supraspinatus tendon rupture without increasing the size of the rupture. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ChiCTR1900026376, data of registration: 2019/10/05 retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ting Liu
- Degree Program of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ten-Fang Yang
- Degree Program of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medical Informatics, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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10
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Kazemi-Darabadi S, Asadpour R, Shahbazfar AA, Alizadeh S. Effects of L-carnitine and betamethasone on ischemia-reperfusion injuries and sperm parameters following testicular torsion in a rat model. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2019; 10:125-132. [PMID: 31338145 PMCID: PMC6626646 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.74767.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Testicular torsion is a consequence of spermatic cord twisting which causes progressive damage to the structure of the testis and reduces sperm quality and usually results in infertility. In the present study, with the assumption of the protective effects of L-carnitine and betamethasone against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injuries, their effects on twisted testicles were evaluated and compared. Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and used in this study. Except for the Sham (S) group, testicular IR was induced surgically in three other groups, including Control (C), Betamethasone (BM), and L-carnitine (LC) groups. Betamethasone and L-carnitine were injected before detorsion in the BM and LC groups, respectively. After twelve hours of reperfusion, the testicles were detached, and prepared for sperm parameters evaluation such as sperm count, motility, viability, morphology, and chromatin quality, and histopathologic evaluations, including mean seminiferous tubular diameter (MSTD), germinal epithelial cell thickness (GECT), and Johnsen's mean testicular biopsy scoring (MTBS). The MSTD, GECT, and healthy sperms in the C group were significantly lower than the other groups, while the BM and LC groups were significantly different from others in MTBS. The number of sperms and sperm motility in the BM group was significantly higher than the C group. Sperm viability in the BM and LC groups were significantly higher than the C group. The results of this study showed that both L-carnitine and betamethasone similarly can be effective in treating testicular IR injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Kazemi-Darabadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Asadpour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Shahbazfar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Alizadeh
- Graduate Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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11
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Traven SA, Brinton D, Simpson KN, Adkins Z, Althoff A, Palsis J, Slone HS. Preoperative Shoulder Injections Are Associated With Increased Risk of Revision Rotator Cuff Repair. Arthroscopy 2019; 35:706-713. [PMID: 30733035 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2018.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to determine whether the timing of preoperative shoulder injections is associated with an increased risk of revision rotator cuff repair following primary rotator cuff repair (RCR). METHODS A retrospective analysis of claims data of privately insured subjects from the MarketScan database for the years 2010 to 2014 was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compare the odds of reoperation between groups. Laterality for the injection, index procedure, and subsequent surgery were verified for all subjects. RESULTS A total of 4,959 subjects with an arthroscopic RCR were identified, 392 of whom required revision RCR within the following 3 years. Patients who had an injection within 6 months preceding the index surgery were at a much higher risk of undergoing reoperation for revision RCR: 0 to 3 months prior, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.375 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.027-1.840); 3 to 6 months prior, AOR 1.822 (95% CI, 1.290-2.573); and 6 to 12 months prior, AOR 1.237 (95% CI, 0.787-1.943). CONCLUSIONS Patients who had received an injection within 6 months prior to RCR were much more likely to undergo a revision cuff repair within the following 3 years. The risk of reoperation significantly declines if there is more than 6 months between injection and RCR. Consideration should be given to minimizing preoperative injections in patients requiring RCR or delaying primary RCR for 6 months following injection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, therapeutic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia A Traven
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A..
| | - Daniel Brinton
- Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Kit N Simpson
- Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Zachary Adkins
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Alyssa Althoff
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - John Palsis
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Harris S Slone
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
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12
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Dinhane KGI, Godoy-Santos AL, Fabro AT, Moretto MR, Deprá I, Yoshida WB. Short-term Changes After Corticosteroid Injections Into the Normal Tendons of Rabbits: A Controlled Randomized Study. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:721-728. [PMID: 30640506 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518818819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticosteroid injections in or around tendons for the treatment of athletic injuries are a common practice among orthopaedic surgeons and are apparently efficacious in the short term, although controversies persist related to local complications. PURPOSE This study evaluated short-term (48 hours) biomechanical, biochemical, and histological alterations after a single injection of betamethasone into the normal tendons of rabbits. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 72 New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups: the test group-in which 36 animals underwent 1 intratendinous injection of betamethasone (1.4 mg / 0.2 mL) in the right calcaneal tendon; the control group-in which the right calcaneal tendon of 36 animals was injected with saline (placebo control group) and the left calcaneal tendon was left untreated for normal standards (normal control). Forty-eight hours later, animals were euthanized and tendons were harvested. Metalloproteinase (MMP1 and MMP2) and interleukin (IL1 and IL6) expression levels, biomechanical resistance (load × elongation parameters), and histomorphometry (hematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red stains for collagen fibers, tenocytes, and inflammatory cells) were analyzed in the tendons. RESULTS The test group had a significant reduction in MMP2 expression as compared with the control groups ( P = .027). Regarding the other parameters, there were no additional significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION A single injection of corticosteroid into normal calcaneal tendons did not trigger acute local morphological, structural, or biomechanical injuries at 48 hours, but it did promote a significant decrease in MMP2 levels. Additional studies are needed with increased duration of follow-up, various doses, and multiple injections and in tendinopathic models. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Some previous studies demonstrated early structural changes in tendons after a single corticosteroid injection, which was not corroborated by the present study. Metalloproteinase decrease is usually associated with a reduction in collagen degradation, which would be protective for the healing process. More studies are necessary to confirm the possible beneficial effect of these results in the long term and for tendinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Regina Moretto
- University Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Igor Deprá
- University Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
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13
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Narayanan G, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Regenerative Engineering of the Rotator Cuff of the Shoulder. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:751-786. [PMID: 33418763 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rotator cuff tears often heal poorly, leading to re-tears after repair. This is in part attributed to the low proliferative ability of the resident cells (tendon fibroblasts and tendon-stem cells) upon injury to the rotator cuff tissue and the low vascularity of the tendon insertion. In addition, surgical outcomes of current techniques used in clinical settings are often suboptimal, leading to the formation of neo-tissue with poor biomechanics and structural characteristics, which results in re-tears. This has prompted interest in a new approach, which we term as "Regenerative Engineering", for regenerating rotator cuff tendons. In the Regenerative Engineering paradigm, roles played by stem cells, scaffolds, growth factors/small molecules, the use of local physical forces, and morphogenesis interplayed with clinical surgery techniques may synchronously act, leading to synergistic effects and resulting in successful tissue regeneration. In this regard, various cell sources such as tendon fibroblasts and adult tissue-derived stem cells have been isolated, characterized, and investigated for regenerating rotator cuff tendons. Likewise, numerous scaffolds with varying architecture, geometry, and mechanical characteristics of biologic and synthetic origin have been developed. Furthermore, these scaffolds have been also fabricated with biochemical cues (growth factors and small molecules), facilitating tissue regeneration. In this Review, various strategies to regenerate rotator cuff tendons using stem cells, advanced materials, and factors in the setting of physical forces under the Regenerative Engineering paradigm are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Narayanan
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Lakshmi S Nair
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
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14
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The Effects of Glucocorticoid on Tendon and Tendon Derived Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 920:239-46. [PMID: 27535266 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are generally used to relieve pain and/or inflammation in a wide variety of musculoskeletal disorders including osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis, tendinopathy and degenerative spine disease. Glucocorticoids reduce tendon derived cell proliferation in vitro and reduce extracellular matrix synthesis both in vitro and in vivo, in particular type I collagen synthesis. Glucocorticoids also appear to result in acute deleterious changes in healthy in vivo tendon including collagen necrosis, collagen disorganisation and inflammatory cell infiltration; while the overall effect of glucocorticoid administration on the mechanical properties of healthy in vivo tendon are generally negative. Overall the existing in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that glucocorticoids should be used with caution in treating painful tendinopathy. Certainly a real need exists to follow up the long term clinical effects of glucocorticoid in treating tendinopathy, as there is currently a paucity of evidence in this area. However in this context while the short term benefits are clear, glucocorticoids remain a useful treatment option provided they are used in the right patients in sensible moderation.
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15
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Takase F, Inui A, Mifune Y, Sakata R, Muto T, Harada Y, Ueda Y, Kokubu T, Kurosaka M. Effect of platelet-rich plasma on degeneration change of rotator cuff muscles: In vitro and in vivo evaluations. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1806-1815. [PMID: 27684960 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Atrophy with fatty degeneration is often seen in rotator cuff muscles with torn tendons. PRP has been reported to enhance tissue repair processes after tendon ruptures. However, the effect of PRP on atrophy and fatty degeneration of the muscle is not yet known. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of PRP on degeneration change of rotator cuff muscles in vitro and in vivo. A murine myogenic cell line and a rat rotator cuff tear model were used in this study and PRP was administrated into subacromial space which is widely used in clinical practice. In in vitro study, administration of PRP to C2C12 cells stimulated cell proliferation while inhibited both myogenic and adipogenic differentiation. In in vivo study, administration of PRP suppressed Oil Red-O positive lipid droplet formation. The expression of adipogenic genes was also decreased by PRP administration. In conclusion, PRP promoted proliferation of myoblast cells, while inhibiting adipogenic differentiation of myoblast cells and suppressing fatty degeneration change in rat torn rotator cuff muscles. Further investigations are needed to determine the clinical applicability of the PRP. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1806-1815, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Takase
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Inui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yutaka Mifune
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sakata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Muto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Harada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ueda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kokubu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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16
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Abate M, Salini V, Schiavone C, Andia I. Clinical benefits and drawbacks of local corticosteroids injections in tendinopathies. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2016; 16:341-349. [PMID: 28005449 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1276561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION local glucocorticoids injections are widely administered for the treatment of tendinopathies. positive results have been observed in some tendinopathies but not in others. moreover, worsening of symptoms, and even spontaneous tendon ruptures has been reported. the characteristics of the tendinopathies, the clinical peculiarities of the patient, and the technique used to administer glucocorticoids, can influence the therapeutic response. Areas covered: After reviewing the pertinent literature on the clinical results, basic information, both on the pathogenesis of tendinopathies and the effects of glucocorticoids on tendons, is reported. The pharmacological properties of glucocorticoids are useful to counteract some pathogenetic mechanisms of tendinopathies. However, several experimental studies suggest that the direct action of glucocorticoids on tendons is detrimental. Loss of collagen organization, impaired viability of fibroblasts, depletion of stem cells pool, and reduced mechanical properties have been observed. Expert opinion: Drawbacks of local glucocorticoids injections could be predicted on an individual basis, after a careful appraisal of patient characteristics and concomitant medications, along with the specific stage of tendon disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Abate
- a Department of Medicine and Science of Aging , University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti Scalo , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salini
- a Department of Medicine and Science of Aging , University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti Scalo , Italy
| | - Cosima Schiavone
- a Department of Medicine and Science of Aging , University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti Scalo , Italy
| | - Isabel Andia
- b BioCruces Health Research Institute , Cruces University Hospital , Barakaldo , Spain
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17
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Nuelle CW, Cook CR, Stoker AM, Cook JL, Sherman SL. In vitro toxicity of local anaesthetics and corticosteroids on supraspinatus tenocyte viability and metabolism. J Orthop Translat 2016; 8:20-24. [PMID: 30035090 PMCID: PMC5987053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate supraspinatus tenocyte viability and metabolism in explants exposed to various local anaesthetics and corticosteroids. Our hypothesis was that the tendons exposed to these common injectates would have significantly decreased cell viability and metabolism compared with controls. Methods Supraspinatus tendon explants were obtained from dogs, placed in a culture media, and randomly assigned to one of the following groups: culture media only (control), 1% lidocaine, 0.5% lidocaine, 0.25% bupivacaine, 0.125% bupivacaine, 0.0625% bupivacaine, betamethasone acetate (5 mg), methylprednisolone acetate (40 mg), or triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg). Cell viability was determined on Days 1 and 7 after culture treatment using calcein AM (live cell) and Sytox Blue (dead cell) stains. Tissue metabolism was assessed on Days 1 and 7 using the resazurin blue metabolic assay. Significant differences were evaluated using a one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc analysis. Results Compared with the controls, there were significant decreases in cell viability noted at Days 1 and 7 in tenocytes exposed to 1% lidocaine, betamethasone, and methylprednisolone. Significant decreases in cell metabolism were also noted at Days 1 and 7 in those groups. Treatment with 0.125% bupivacaine, 0.0625% bupivacaine, and triamcinolone demonstrated no decrease in cell viability or metabolism when compared with controls at any time point. Conclusion This data confirms that peritendinous injection of commonly used local anaesthetics and corticosteroids results in significant supraspinatus tenotoxicity in vitro. Further in vivo studies are required before making definitive clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton W Nuelle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, 1100 Virginia Avenue, DC953.00, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Cristi R Cook
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, 1100 Virginia Avenue, DC953.00, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Aaron M Stoker
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, 1100 Virginia Avenue, DC953.00, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James L Cook
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, 1100 Virginia Avenue, DC953.00, Columbia, MO, USA.,Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, 1100 Virginia Avenue, DC953.00, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Seth L Sherman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, 1100 Virginia Avenue, DC953.00, Columbia, MO, USA
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18
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Abdul-Wahab TA, Betancourt JP, Hassan F, Thani SA, Choueiri H, Jain NB, Malanga GA, Murrell WD, Prasad A, Verborgt O. Initial treatment of complete rotator cuff tear and transition to surgical treatment: systematic review of the evidence. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2016; 6:35-47. [PMID: 27331030 DOI: 10.11138/mltj/2016.6.1.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND rotator cuff tear affects many people. Natural history, and evidence for non-operative treatment remains limited. Our objective is to assess evidence available for the efficacy and morbidity of commonly used systemic medications, physiotherapy, and injections alongside evaluating any negative long-term effects. METHODS a systematic search was performed of PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE and CINAHL dates (1 January 1960 - 1 December 2014), search terms: 'rotator cuff tear', 'natural history', 'atraumatic', 'injection', 'physiotherapy' or 'physical therapy', 'injection', 'corticosteroid', 'PRP', 'MSC', risk of conservative treatment', and 'surgical indication'. RESULTS eleven studies were included. The mean Coleman Methodology Score modified for conservative therapy is 69.21 (range 88-44) (SD 12.31). This included 2 RCTs, 7 prospective, and 2 retrospective studies. Evidence suggests it is safe to monitor symptomatic rotator cuff tears, as tear size and symptoms are not correlated with pain, function, and/or ultimate outcome. CONCLUSIONS complete rotator cuff tears may be effectively treated with injections, exercise in the short and intermediate terms respectively. Negative effect of corticosteroids on rotator cuff tissue has not been demonstrated. Timing to end conservative treatment is unknown, but likely indicated when a patient demonstrates increased weakness and loss of function not recoverable by physiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fadi Hassan
- Hull York Medical School, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Saeed Al Thani
- Orthocure Medical Center, United Arab Emirates University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Nitin B Jain
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Gerard A Malanga
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, USA
| | - William D Murrell
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Dr. Humeira Badsha Medical Center, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and Department of Orthopaedics, Rehabilitation, and Pediatry, Ft. Belvoir Community Hospital, Ft. Belvoir, Virginia, USA
| | - Anil Prasad
- Osteopathic Health Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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19
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Thankam FG, Dilisio MF, Agrawal DK. Immunobiological factors aggravating the fatty infiltration on tendons and muscles in rotator cuff lesions. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 417:17-33. [PMID: 27160936 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rotator cuff lesions (RCLs) are a common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction. The rotator cuff tendons can degenerate and/or tear from the greater tuberosity of the humerus, which is associated with several anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes in tendon and muscle. In this article, these pathways are critically reviewed and discussed with various management strategies of RCLs. The article also highlights the immunobiological responses following the RCL and the inherent repair mechanisms elicited by the body. The greatest difficulty in treating this pathology is that the muscle can undergo irreversible fatty infiltration in the setting of chronic tears that is associated with poor surgical outcomes. The article also investigates the key molecular pathways of the muscle homeostasis (mTOR, Rho kinase, AMPK, and Ca(2+)) with the energy metabolism to propose a possible mechanism for fatty infiltration. Future research is warranted to target the key players of these pathways in the management of fatty infiltration and thus RCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Matthew F Dilisio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, The Peekie Nash Carpenter Endowed Chair in Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
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20
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Osti L, Buda M, Buono AD, Osti R, Massari L. Clinical evidence in the treatment of rotator cuff tears with hyaluronic acid. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2016; 5:270-5. [PMID: 26958534 DOI: 10.11138/mltj/2015.5.4.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE the aim of this quantitative review is to document potential benefit and adverse effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) injection into the shoulder with rotator cuff tears. METHODS a systematic literature search was performed in english PubMed, Medline, Ovid, Google Scholar and Embase databases using the combined key words "hyaluronic acid", "rotator cuff tear", "hyaluronate", "shoulder", "viscosupplementation", with no limit regarding the year of publication. Articles were included if they reported data on clinical and functional outcomes, complications in series of patients who had undergone HA injection for management of rotator cuff tears. Two Authors screened the selected articles for title, abstract and full text in accordance with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The papers were accurately analyzed focusing on objective rating scores reported. RESULTS a total of 11 studies, prospective, 7 were randomized were included by full text. A total of 1102 patients were evaluated clinically after different HA injection compare with corticosteroid injection, physically therapies, saline solution injection and control groups. The use of HA in patients with rotator cuff tears improve VAS and functional score in all trials that we have analyzed. CONCLUSION intra-articular injection with HA is effective in reducing pain and improving function in shoulder with rotator cuff tears and without severe adverse reaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Osti
- Unit of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, Hesperia Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Buda
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelo Del Buono
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Hospital Sant'Anna, Como, Italy
| | - Raffaella Osti
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Leo Massari
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, University of Ferrara, Italy
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21
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Abate M, Guelfi M, Pantalone A, Vanni D, Schiavone C, Andia I, Salini V. Therapeutic use of hormones on tendinopathies: a narrative review. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2016; 6:445-452. [PMID: 28217565 DOI: 10.11138/mltj/2016.6.4.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormones can modify tendon homeostasis, some of them leading to tendon damage, while others are essentials for healing. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge on the topic, focusing on the hormones normally secreted by endocrine glands. METHODS A search in PubMed, Web of Knowledge and EMBASE, using the terms tendinopathy or tendon, combined with estrogens, testosterone, thyroid and parathyroid hormones, glucocorticoids and growth hormone, independently, was performed. Relevant articles focusing on the correlation between hormones and tendons, and their therapeutic use in tendinopathies, were selected. RESULTS Tendon abnormalities observed in subjects with hyperparathyroidism, hypercortisolism and acromegaly are described. At present, experimental studies and preliminary observations in humans suggest that parathyroid and growth hormones, locally administered, are promising therapeutic tools in specific tendon disorders. Local injections of glucocorticoids are useful in several tendinopathies, exploiting their anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties, but carry the risk of further tendon degeneration and ruptures, due to the detrimental direct effect of glucocorticoids on the tendon structure. CONCLUSION Because tendons injuries are frequent, often with long lasting sequels, it is important to improve our understanding concerning the therapeutic potential of hormones on healing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Abate
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Guelfi
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Pantalone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniele Vanni
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cosima Schiavone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Isabel Andia
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salini
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Ozsoy Z, Kayaoglu HA, Ozkan N, Ozsoy S, Yaylak F, Yenidogan E. The effect of methylprednisolone and tenoxicam on the protection of damage of the nerve physiomorphology caused by prolene mesh. Int J Surg 2015; 22:159-63. [PMID: 26344122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aim was to investigate the effect of methylprednisolone and tenoxicam on the protection of damage of the nerve physiomorphology caused by prolene mesh used in hernia repair. METHODS Fifty male Wistar-albino rats weighing 250-350 gr, were randomly divided into 5 groups. Sciatic nerve was dissected in all rats after performing EMG on basal neural transport. In group 1, only sciatic nerve manipulation was performed. Other groups received a monofilament polypropylene cuff around the sciatic nerve. No additional procedure was performed in group 2. In group 3, 2 mg/kg single dose methylprednisolone was injected around the nerve and mesh. In group 4 and 5, 0.5 mg/kg/day methylprednisolone and 1 mg/kg tenoxicam was injected around the nerve and mesh for 4 weeks, respectively. Neural transport was evaluated by electromyography 4 weeks later and compared with pre-procedural values. Then the rats were sacrificed and, sciatic nerves including 1 cm around the mesh were excised. Inflammation and fibrosis were scored histopathologically. RESULTS While basal latency was similar, postoperative latency was significantly different among groups. Latency was significantly longer in group 2 than the group 1. It was significantly shorter in group 3 when compared to group 2 (p = 0.007). Preoperative and postoperative amplitudes were similar among groups. Denervation was significantly different among groups (p < 0.05). Denervation was higher in group 2 than group 1. It was similar to group 2 in study groups. Inflammation and fibrosis was significantly different among groups (p < 0.05). Inflammation and fibrosis scores were significantly higher in group 2 than group 1. The highest inflammation and fibrosis scores were detected in repetitive drug administrated groups. Although it wasn't statistically significant, inflammation was lower in single dose steroid administrated group than group 2. Similarly, the highest fibrosis scores were detected in repetitive drug administrated groups. Single dose steroid administration didn't increase fibrosis when compared to group 2. CONCLUSIONS Prolene mesh used in hernia repair caused increased inflammation and fibrosis and effected latency and denervation negatively. Single dose methylprednisolone administration decreased nerve damage and inflammation. On the other hand, daily administration of methylprednisolone and tenoxicam for 4 weeks caused increased inflammation and fibrosis and wasn't affective on protection of nerve physiomorphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Ozsoy
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Huseyin Ayhan Kayaoglu
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Namık Ozkan
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Seyma Ozsoy
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Faik Yaylak
- Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Erdinc Yenidogan
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Tokat, Turkey
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Lee HJ, Kim YS, Ok JH, Lee YK, Ha MY. Effect of a single subacromial prednisolone injection in acute rotator cuff tears in a rat model. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23:555-61. [PMID: 23370982 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-013-2395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the early effect of a subacromial steroid injection on injured rotator cuff tendon. METHODS Forty rats were allocated into two groups: a steroid injection (group 1) and no injection as control (group 2). A full-thickness defect was made at the unilateral infraspinatus tendon in both groups. A single dose of methylprednisolone was injected in steroid group. The tendon was harvested at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 42 days after surgery; gene expression and immunohistochemical study were performed for type-I/III collagen, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and extracellular matrix molecules. RESULTS The type-III to type-I collagen ratio was at 7 days higher in the steroid group than that in the control group and decreased to the control level at 14 days and was maintained until 42 days. The general expression of the MMPs and TIMPs between two groups showed similar pattern regardless of the steroid injection. The gene expression of aggrecan and fibronectin in the steroid group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05) at 3 days after surgery. They decreased to the equal level with control group at 7 days after surgery. Both groups showed no significant difference between aggrecan and fibronectin until 42 days after surgery (n.s.). CONCLUSIONS A subacromial steroid injection may alter the collagen composition and extracellular matrix and interfere with the healing process in an acute tear of rat infraspinatus tendon at the early phase after the injection. However, these alterations seem to become normalized after the early inflammatory healing phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
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Byun SD, Hong YH, Hong SK, Song JW, Woo SB, Noh JH, Kim JM, Lee ZI. Effects of repeated steroid injection at subacromial bursa with different interval. Ann Rehabil Med 2015; 38:805-11. [PMID: 25566480 PMCID: PMC4280377 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2014.38.6.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of repeated steroid injection at subacromial bursa with different interval for patient with periarticular shoulder disorder. Methods Group A (n=10) received subacromial bursa injection only on their first visit, group C (n=10) received the injection on their first visit and one week later, and group B (n=10) received the injection on their first visit and two weeks later. All injections were done with a combination of 40 mg (1.0 mL) of triamcinolone and 5.0 mL 0.5% lidocaine (6 mL total). We examined the active range of motion (AROM) of the shoulder joint, visual analogue scale (VAS), and shoulder disability questionnaire (SDQ) at baseline at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the initial injection. Results In VAS, comparing the changes in VAS between groups, group B showed significant improvements compared with group A or C at 4 weeks after the initial injection (p<0.05). In SDQ, comparing the changes in SDQ between the groups, group B and C showed more improvement than group A at 4 weeks after the initial injection, but these results were not statistically significant (p>0.05). In AROM, comparing the changes in AROM of external rotation between groups, group B and C showed significant improvement compared with group A at 4 weeks after the initial injection (p<0.05). Conclusion It may be more effective in pain relief for patients with periarticular disorder to receive subacromial bursa injections twice with 2-week interval, as opposed to once.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Deuk Byun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kang Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong Ho Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Kyung Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Won Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Beom Woo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Noh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Zee Ihn Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Muto T, Kokubu T, Mifune Y, Inui A, Harada Y, Yoshifumi, Takase F, Kuroda R, Kurosaka M. Temporary inductions of matrix metalloprotease-3 (MMP-3) expression and cell apoptosis are associated with tendon degeneration or rupture after corticosteroid injection. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1297-304. [PMID: 24985902 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Corticosteroid injections are widely used to treat enthesopathy and tendinitis, but are also associated with possible side effects, such as tendon degeneration or rupture. However, the mechanism of tendon degeneration or rupture after corticosteroid injection remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to reveal the mechanism of tendon degeneration or rupture after injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) or prednisolone (PSL). Forty-two rats were divided into 3 groups: A normal saline injection group (control group), a TA injection group, and a PSL injection group; the normal saline or corticosteroid was injected around the Achilles tendon. One or 3 weeks after injection, the tendons were subjected to biomechanical testing and histological analysis. At 1 week, the biomechanical strength was significantly lower in the corticosteroid groups. Histological analysis, at 1-week post-injection, showed collagen attenuation, increased expression of MMP-3 and apoptotic cells in the corticosteroid groups. The histological changes and biomechanical weaknesses of the tendon were not seen at 3 weeks. These alterations appeared to be involved in tendon degeneration or rupture after corticosteroid injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Muto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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Tilley JMR, Murphy RJ, Chaudhury S, Czernuszka JT, Carr AJ. Effect of tear size, corticosteroids and subacromial decompression surgery on the hierarchical structural properties of torn supraspinatus tendons. Bone Joint Res 2014; 3:252-61. [PMID: 25106417 PMCID: PMC4127658 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.38.2000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of disease progression and common tendinopathy treatments on the tissue characteristics of human rotator cuff tendons have not previously been evaluated in detail owing to a lack of suitable sampling techniques. This study evaluated the structural characteristics of torn human supraspinatus tendons across the full disease spectrum, and the short-term effects of subacromial corticosteroid injections (SCIs) and subacromial decompression (SAD) surgery on these structural characteristics. METHODS Samples were collected inter-operatively from supraspinatus tendons containing small, medium, large and massive full thickness tears (n = 33). Using a novel minimally invasive biopsy technique, paired samples were also collected from supraspinatus tendons containing partial thickness tears either before and seven weeks after subacromial SCI (n = 11), or before and seven weeks after SAD surgery (n = 14). Macroscopically normal subscapularis tendons of older patients (n = 5, mean age = 74.6 years) and supraspinatus tendons of younger patients (n = 16, mean age = 23.3) served as controls. Ultra- and micro-structural characteristics were assessed using atomic force microscopy and polarised light microscopy respectively. RESULTS Significant structural differences existed between torn and control groups. Differences were identifiable early in the disease spectrum, and increased with increasing tear size. Neither SCI nor SAD surgery altered the structural properties of partially torn tendons seven weeks after treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings may suggest the need for early clinical intervention strategies for torn rotator cuff tendons in order to prevent further degeneration of the tissue as tear size increases. Further work is required to establish the long-term abilities of SCI and SAD to prevent, and even reverse, such degeneration. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:252-61.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M R Tilley
- University of Oxford, Department of Materials, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - R J Murphy
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - S Chaudhury
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - J T Czernuszka
- University of Oxford, Department of Materials, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - A J Carr
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
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Abstract
Rotator cuff pathology accounts for most presentations of shoulder pain to primary care clinics. History and physical examination are important for excluding other causes of shoulder pain, while imaging assists in confirming the diagnosis and defining the severity of the abnormality. Treatment options include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, subacromial corticosteroid injections, and exercise therapy. Surgical intervention is generally reserved for those failing nonoperative measures and/or healthy, young, and middle-aged adults with full-thickness rotator cuff tears. No surgical technique has proved to be superior. Despite surgery, about 20% of patients experience retears, more likely occurring in those with larger tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Bishay
- Department of Family Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 1500 South California Avenue, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
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Influência do corticoide na cicatrização do manguito rotador de ratos – Estudo biomecânico. Rev Bras Ortop 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbo.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Dau L, Abagge M, Fruehling VM, Sola Junior W, Lavrador JM, da Cunha LAM. Influence of corticoids on healing of the rotator cuff of rats - biomechanical study. Rev Bras Ortop 2014; 49:379-85. [PMID: 26229831 PMCID: PMC4511620 DOI: 10.1016/j.rboe.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective to compare healing strength of the infraspinatus tendon of rats with corticoid inoculation, regarding maximum tension, maximum force and rupture force, after injury and experimental repair. Methods a total of 60 Wistar rats were subjected to tenotomy of the infraspinatus tendon, which was then sutured. Before the surgery, they were divided into a control group (C) inoculated with serum and a study group (S) inoculated with corticoids over the tendon. After repair, the rats were sacrificed in groups of 10 individuals in the control group and 10 in the study group at the times of one week (C1 and S1), three weeks (C3 and S3) and five weeks (C5 and S5). The rats were dissected, separating out the infraspinatus tendon with the humerus. The study specimens were subjected to a traction test, with evaluation of the maximum tension (kgf/cm2), maximum force (kgf) and rupture force (kgf), comparing the study group with the respective control groups. Results among the rats sacrificed one week after the procedure, we observed greater maximum tension in group C1 than in group S1. The variables of maximum force (kgf) and rupture force did not differ statistically between the groups investigated. In the same way, among the rats sacrificed three weeks after the procedure, group C3 only showed greater maximum tension than group S3 (p = 0.007), and the other variables did not present differences. Among the rats sacrificed five weeks after the procedure (C5 and S5), none of the parameters studied presented statistical differences. Conclusion we concluded that corticoid diminished the resistance to maximum tension in the groups sacrificed one and three weeks after the procedure, in comparison with the respective control groups. The other parameters did not show differences between the study and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Dau
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Ramírez J, Pomés I, Cabrera S, Pomés J, Sanmartí R, Cañete JD. Incidence of full-thickness rotator cuff tear after subacromial corticosteroid injection: a 12-week prospective study. Mod Rheumatol 2013; 24:667-70. [PMID: 24289196 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2013.857798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rotator cuff tears (RCT) are a common source of shoulder pain, with an incidence ranging between 5% and 40%. The influence of corticosteroid injections on the incidence of RCT remains unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of full-thickness RCT 12 weeks after a subacromial corticosteroid injection in patients with shoulder pain. PATIENTS AND METHOD We made a prospective, open-label study in patients with unilateral painful shoulder without previous local corticosteroid injection. Ultrasound assessments were made at the first (baseline) and last (Week 12) visits by an experienced radiologist. A rheumatologist did the clinical examination. Patients with full-thickness RCT at the first visit were excluded. All patients received a subacromial injection of triamcinolone acetate 40 mg. RESULTS One hundred and two patients with shoulder pain were initially evaluated: 49 (48%) were excluded due to full-thickness RCT on ultrasound assessment. Therefore, 53 patients completed the study (34 female, mean age 60.8 years, mean time of evolution 9.6 months). In the first ultrasound evaluation, 24 patients (45.3%) had a partial-thickness tear. At 12 weeks after the corticosteroid injection, 9 (17%) patients developed full-thickness RCT, 66.6% of which occurred in patients with previous partial-thickness RCT. Corticosteroid injection significantly improved symptoms (p = 0.0001 for pain VAS score) and range of motion (p = 0.002 for forward elevation and external rotation). CONCLUSIONS Seventeen percent of patients with shoulder pain suffered a full-thickness RCT 12 weeks after subacromial corticosteroid injection. Corticosteroid injection is highly effective in improving clinical symptoms of rotator cuff tendinopathy at 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Ramírez
- Department of Rheumatology, Arthritis Unit, Hospital Clínic , Barcelona , Spain
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Choi WD, Cho DH, Hong YH, Noh JH, Lee ZI, Byun SD. Effects of subacromial bursa injection with corticosteroid and hyaluronidase according to dosage. Ann Rehabil Med 2013; 37:668-74. [PMID: 24236254 PMCID: PMC3825943 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2013.37.5.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate effects of subacromial bursa injection with steroid according to dosage and to investigate whether hyaluronidase can reduce steroid dosage. Methods Thirty patients with periarticular shoulder disorder were assigned to receive subacromial bursa injection once a week for two consecutive weeks. Ten patients (group A) underwent subacromial bursa injection with triamcinolone 20 mg; another group of ten patients (group B) with hyaluronidase 1,500 IU and triamcinolone 20 mg; and the other ten patients (group C) with triamcinolone 40 mg. We examined the active range of motion (AROM) of the shoulder joint, visual analogue scale (VAS), and shoulder disability questionnaire (SDQ) at study entry and every week until 1 week after the 2nd injection. Results All groups showed statistically significant improvements in VAS after 1st and 2nd injections. When comparing the degree of improvement in VAS, there were statistically significant differences between groups C and A or B, but not between groups A and B. SDQ was statistically significantly improved only in groups B and C, as compared to pre-injection. There were statistically significant differences in improvement of SDQ after the 2nd injection between groups C and A or B. Statistically significant improvements in AROM were shown in abduction (groups B and C) and in flexion (group C only). Conclusion Repeated high-dose (40 mg) steroid injection was more effective in terms of pain relief and functional improvements of shoulder joint than medium-dose (20 mg) steroid injection in periarticular disorder. Hyaluronidase seems to have little additive effect on subacromial bursa injection for reducing the dosage of steroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Duck Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Dean BJF, Lostis E, Oakley T, Rombach I, Morrey ME, Carr AJ. The risks and benefits of glucocorticoid treatment for tendinopathy: a systematic review of the effects of local glucocorticoid on tendon. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013; 43:570-6. [PMID: 24074644 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our primary objective was to summarise the known effects of locally administered glucocorticoid on tendon tissue and tendon cells. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature using the PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines of the Medline database using specific search criteria. The search yielded 50 articles, which consisted of 13 human studies, 36 animal studies and one combined human/animal study. RESULTS Histologically, there was a loss of collagen organisation (6 studies) and an increase in collagen necrosis (3 studies). The proliferation (8 studies) and viability (9 studies) of fibroblasts was reduced. Collagen synthesis was decreased in 17 studies. An increased inflammatory cell infiltrate was shown in 4 studies. Increased cellular toxicity was demonstrated by 3 studies. The mechanical properties of tendon were investigated by 18 studies. Descriptively, 6 of these studies showed a decrease in mechanical properties, 3 showed an increase, while the remaining 9 showed no significant change. A meta-analysis of the mechanical data revealed a significant deterioration in mechanical properties, with an overall effect size of -0.67 (95% CI = 0.01 to -1.33) (data from 9 studies). CONCLUSIONS Overall it is clear that the local administration of glucocorticoid has significant negative effects on tendon cells in vitro, including reduced cell viability, cell proliferation and collagen synthesis. There is increased collagen disorganisation and necrosis as shown by in vivo studies. The mechanical properties of tendon are also significantly reduced. This review supports the emerging clinical evidence that shows significant long-term harms to tendon tissue and cells associated with glucocorticoid injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin John Floyd Dean
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Rd, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Emilie Lostis
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Rd, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Thomas Oakley
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Rd, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Ines Rombach
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Rd, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Mark E Morrey
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Rd, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Rd, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
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Gigante A, Cecconi S, Enea D, Cesari E, Valeri G, Busilacchi A. Effect of Subacromial Injections of Hyaluronan on Different Grades of Rotator Cuff Lesion: A Prospective Study. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotator cuff lesions are quite common and in some cases Hyaluronic Acid (HA) can play a role in pain relief and in restoring functions. The aim of the study was to point out the correct indications for HA injection therapy through a prospective study: firstly defining the safety and efficacy of HA in the different grades of cuff tears, then evaluating the maintenance at 90 days, as secondary endpoint. A prospective, open-label uncontrolled study was developed. One hundred patients diagnosed with different rotator cuff lesions were divided into 4 grade-related groups based on a modified Neer's classification. A cycle of 3 US-guided injections of medium-low weight HA was performed through the anterolateral way, one every two weeks. Follow-up was at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 90 days. VAS, Oxford-Shoulder-Score (OSS) and Constant-Murley were used for evaluations. In grade I and II, at day 45, a significant reduction of VAS and increase of Constant-Murley and OSS resulted. In grade IV VAS slowly decreased in the first 45 days, while OSS and Constant did not improve significantly. In grade III patients had no benefit from a clinical and subjective point of view. At ninety days the beneficial effect was still maintained in grades I, II and IV. Overall, the treatment showed a high tolerability profile. In conclusion, patients affected by bursitis or partial cuff tears benefit from HA, while in cuff arthropathy HA might only delay surgery or represent a palliative. In complete tears HA was not effective in pain relief or functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gigante
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - S. Cecconi
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - D. Enea
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - E. Cesari
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - G. Valeri
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti”, Ancona, Italy
| | - A. Busilacchi
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Contreras F, Brown HC, Marx RG. Predictors of success of corticosteroid injection for the management of rotator cuff disease. HSS J 2013; 9:2-5. [PMID: 24426836 PMCID: PMC3640713 DOI: 10.1007/s11420-012-9316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of subacromial corticosteroid injection (CSI) to treat rotator cuff tendinopathy is controversial. We hypothesized that characteristics such as activity level, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, duration of symptoms, and status of the rotator cuff may be prognostic factors for resolution of symptoms postinjection. METHODS During a 12-month period, consecutive patients with rotator cuff disease were analyzed. Patients received subacromial CSI, oral NSAIDs, and physical therapy. Baseline ASES score, simple shoulder test, an activity scale, and demographic data were recorded. Patients who remained symptomatic and were indicated for surgery were considered failures. Patients that did not undergo surgery were reassessed after a minimum of 1 year. RESULTS Forty-nine patients met our criteria. Follow-up was obtained for 81.6%. Sixteen cases (40%) failed conservative treatment at final follow-up (22.4 ± 11 months). CSI were successful in 76.2% of males and 45% of females (p = 0.04). Full-thickness tears were present in 8% of the patients with symptom resolution and 25% of those that failed conservative treatment (p = 0.29). No significant difference was found in age, hand dominance, duration of symptoms, or any of the scoring systems. CONCLUSION It is difficult to predict outcomes after CSI. Our treatment strategy showed a 40% failure rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Contreras
- />Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA , />Apartado 99-1000 San José, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Haydée C. Brown
- />Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Robert G. Marx
- />Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
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Zhang B, Hu ST, Zhang YZ. Spontaneous rupture of multiple extensor tendons following repeated steroid injections: a case report. Orthop Surg 2012; 4:118-21. [PMID: 22615159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-7861.2012.00170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiangzhuang, China
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37
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Byun SD, Park DH, Hong YH, Lee ZI. The additive effects of hyaluronidase in subacromial bursa injections administered to patients with peri-articular shoulder disorder. Ann Rehabil Med 2012; 36:105-11. [PMID: 22506242 PMCID: PMC3309330 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2012.36.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the additive effects of hyaluronidase combined with steroids in patients with peri-articular shoulder disorder. METHOD Thirty patients with peri-articular shoulder disorder were given subacromial bursa injections once a week for three consecutive weeks. Fifteen patients (Group A) underwent subacromial bursa injections with hyaluronidase 1,500 IU, triamcinolone 40 mg and 0.5% lidocaine (total 6 ml). Another fifteen patients (Group B) underwent the same injections with triamcinolone 40 mg and 0.5% lidocaine (total 6 ml). We examined the active range of motion (AROM) in the shoulder, used a visual analogue scale (VAS) for measurement, and administered a shoulder disability questionnaire (SDQ) at the commencement of the study and then every week until one week after the third injection. RESULTS There were no significant difference between group A and B before the injections took place (p>0.05). Statistically significant improvement was seen in the VAS, SDQ, and AROM of flexion, abduction, internal rotation at one week after the first and second injections compared with the parameters measured at previous visits in both groups (p<0.05), except the SDQ between one week after the first and second injections in group B (p>0.05). Improvement in all parameters measured at one week after the third injection compared with the measurement values at one week after the second injection were not statistically significant in both groups (p>0.05). However, group A (the hyaluronidase group) showed significantly greater improvements than group B in terms of their SDQ and AROM of internal rotation scores one week after the three injections had taken place (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Peri-articular shoulder disorder patients who underwent subacromial bursa injections using hyaluronidase and steroids showed greater functional improvements than those who were given only steroid injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Deuk Byun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dae-gu Fatima Hospital, Daegu 701-600, Korea
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Byun SD, Park DH, Choi WD, Lee ZI. Subacromial Bursa Injection of Hyaluronate with Steroid in Patients with Peri-articular Shoulder Disorders. Ann Rehabil Med 2011; 35:664-72. [PMID: 22506189 PMCID: PMC3309270 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2011.35.5.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the additive effect of sono-guided subacromial bursa injection of hyaluronate with steroid in patients with peri-articular shoulder disorders. Method This prospective randomized controlled trial involved 26 patients who had shoulder pain. Group A, consisting of 13 patients, was treated with a sono-guided subacromial bursa injection containing a mixture of 0.5% lidocaine (5 ml) and triamcinolone 40 mg (1 ml), followed by injection with sodium hyaluronate (2 ml) once a week for 3 weeks. The other 13 patients (Group B) were treated with a sono-guided subacromial bursa injection containing a mixture of 0.5% lidocaine (5 ml) and triamcinolone 40 mg (1 ml) once a week for 3 weeks. The effects were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) of shoulder pain, active range of motion (AROM), shoulder function assessment scale (SFA), shoulder disability questionnaire (SDQ) at study entry and every week from first injection until 4 weeks after the 1st injection (= 2 weeks after 3rd injection). Results (1) Demographic features and all parameters measured before injection did not show a significant difference between the 2 groups. (2) Statistically significant improvements were shown in VAS, SFA, SDQ during the 1st, 2nd, and 4th week after the first injection in both groups (p<0.05). (3) SFA showed significant improvement at 1 week after injection only in group A (p<0.05). (4) AROM of internal rotation showed significant improvement at week 4 after the 1st injection only in group A (p<0.05). Conclusion Subacromial bursa injection of hyaluronate with steroid in patients with peri-articular shoulder disorders has additive effects on functional improvement of the affected shoulder, including the AROM of internal rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Deuk Byun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dae-gu Fatima Hospital, Daegu 701-600, Korea
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Marcos RL, Leal Junior ECP, Messias FDM, de Carvalho MHC, Pallotta RC, Frigo L, dos Santos RA, Ramos L, Teixeira S, Bjordal JM, Lopes-Martins RÁB. Infrared (810 nm) low-level laser therapy in rat achilles tendinitis: a consistent alternative to drugs. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1447-52. [PMID: 21910734 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used and can reduce musculoskeletal pain in spite of the cost of adverse reactions like gastrointestinal ulcers or cardiovascular events. The current study investigates if a safer treatment such as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) could reduce tendinitis inflammation, and whether a possible pathway could be through inhibition of either of the two-cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms in inflammation. Wistar rats (six animals per group) were injected with saline (control) or collagenase in their Achilles tendons. Then, we treated them with three different doses of IR LLLT (810 nm; 100 mW; 10 s, 30 s and 60 s; 3.57 W cm(-2); 1 J, 3 J, 6 J) at the sites of the injections, or intramuscular diclofenac, a nonselective COX inhibitor/NSAID. We found that LLLT dose of 3 J significantly reduced inflammation through less COX-2-derived gene expression and PGE(2) production, and less edema formation compared to nonirradiated controls. Diclofenac controls exhibited significantly lower PGE(2) cytokine levels at 6 h than collagenase control, but COX isoform 1-derived gene expression and cytokine PGE(2) levels were not affected by treatments. As LLLT seems to act on inflammation through a selective inhibition of the COX-2 isoform in collagenase-induced tendinitis, LLLT may have potential to become a new and safer nondrug alternative to coxibs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Labat Marcos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP-Brazil
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Gyuricza C, Umoh E, Wolfe SW. Multiple pulley rupture following corticosteroid injection for trigger digit: case report. J Hand Surg Am 2009; 34:1444-8. [PMID: 19683880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of pulley rupture following repeated local corticosteroid injections for trigger digit. The treatment involved exploration, tenolysis, and reconstruction using the palmaris longus tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Gyuricza
- Department of Hand Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Haraldsson BT, Aagaard P, Crafoord-Larsen D, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP. Corticosteroid administration alters the mechanical properties of isolated collagen fascicles in rat-tail tendon. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009; 19:621-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mikolyzk DK, Wei AS, Tonino P, Marra G, Williams DA, Himes RD, Wezeman FH, Callaci JJ. Effect of corticosteroids on the biomechanical strength of rat rotator cuff tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009; 91:1172-80. [PMID: 19411466 PMCID: PMC7002078 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.h.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of corticosteroids on tendon properties is poorly understood, and current data are contradictory and diverse. The biomechanical effect of steroids on rotator cuff tendon has not been studied, to our knowledge. The current study was undertaken to characterize the biomechanical effects of corticosteroid exposure on both uninjured and injured rat rotator cuff tendon. METHODS One hundred and twenty-three male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control (C), tendon injury (I), steroid exposure (S), and tendon injury plus steroid exposure (I+S). Unilateral tendon injuries consisting of a full-thickness defect across 50% of the total width of the infraspinatus tendon were created. Steroid treatment consisted of a single dose of methylprednisolone placed into the subacromial space. At one, three, and five weeks postoperatively, the shoulders were harvested and the infraspinatus tendon was subjected to biomechanical testing. Two specimens from each group were used for histological analysis. RESULTS At one week, maximum load, maximum stress, and stiffness were all significantly decreased in Group S compared with the values in Group C. Mean maximum load decreased from 37.9 N in Group C to 27.5 N in Group S (p < 0.0005). Mean maximum stress decreased from 18.1 MPa in Group C to 13.6 MPa in Group S (p < 0.0005). Mean stiffness decreased from 26.3 N/mm in Group C to 17.8 N/mm in Group S (p < 0.0005). At one week, mean maximum stress in Group I+S (17.0 MPa) was significantly decreased compared with the value in Group I (19.5 MPa) (p < 0.0005). At both the three-week and the five-week time point, there were no significant differences between Group C and Group S or between Group I and Group I+S with regard to mean maximum load, maximum stress, or stiffness. Histological analysis showed fat cells and collagen attenuation in Groups S and I+S. These changes appeared to be transient. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of corticosteroids significantly weakens both intact and injured rat rotator cuff tendons at one week. This effect is transient as the biomechanical properties of the steroid-exposed groups returned to control levels by three weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Mikolyzk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maguire Building, Suite 1700, Maywood, IL 60153. E-mail address for D.K. Mikolyzk:
| | - Anthony S. Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maguire Building, Suite 1700, Maywood, IL 60153. E-mail address for D.K. Mikolyzk:
| | - Pietro Tonino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maguire Building, Suite 1700, Maywood, IL 60153. E-mail address for D.K. Mikolyzk:
| | - Guido Marra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maguire Building, Suite 1700, Maywood, IL 60153. E-mail address for D.K. Mikolyzk:
| | - Denis A. Williams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maguire Building, Suite 1700, Maywood, IL 60153. E-mail address for D.K. Mikolyzk:
| | - Ryan D. Himes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maguire Building, Suite 1700, Maywood, IL 60153. E-mail address for D.K. Mikolyzk:
| | - Frederick H. Wezeman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maguire Building, Suite 1700, Maywood, IL 60153. E-mail address for D.K. Mikolyzk:
| | - John J. Callaci
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maguire Building, Suite 1700, Maywood, IL 60153. E-mail address for D.K. Mikolyzk:
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Bhatia M, Singh B, Nicolaou N, Ravikumar KJ. Correlation between rotator cuff tears and repeated subacromial steroid injections: a case-controlled study. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2009; 91:414-6. [PMID: 19409148 DOI: 10.1308/003588409x428261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concern exists regarding potential damage to the rotator cuff from repeated corticosteroid injections into the subacromial space. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective, case-controlled study, 230 consecutive patients presenting to three orthopaedic units with subacromial impingement and investigated as an end-point with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the shoulder were divided into groups having received less than three or three or more subacromial injections of corticosteroids. RESULTS With no significant difference in age and sex distribution, analysis by MRI showed no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of rotator cuff tear (P < 1.0). CONCLUSIONS This suggests that corticosteroid use in patients with subacromial impingement should not be considered a causative factor in rotator cuff tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatia
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Maidstone District General Hospital, Maidstone, UK.
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Gruson KI, Ruchelsman DE, Zuckerman JD. Subacromial corticosteroid injections. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2008; 17:118S-130S. [PMID: 18201651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/15/2007] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of subacromial injections to treat shoulder pain has remained one of the most common procedures for the practicing orthopedist, rheumatologist, and general practitioner. Despite this, many prospective studies have questioned the efficacy of corticosteroid injections compared with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or injections of local anesthetics alone, or both, when used for the treatment of symptomatic rotator cuff disease. Accurate diagnosis of the etiology of a patient's shoulder pain and proper injection technique are important in achieving satisfactory clinical outcomes. Both extrinsic as well as intrinsic etiologies for rotator cuff disease should be considered and must be elucidated with appropriate physical examination techniques. Although subacromial injections appear straightforward, more recent cadaveric, radiographic, and clinical studies have demonstrated variable accuracy rates using the two common techniques. In addition, absolute sterile technique must be used because infections of the subacromial space after injections, although uncommon, have generally led to debilitating conditions. This article reviews the etiology and pathophysiology of rotator cuff disease and the indications and techniques for subacromial corticosteroid injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad I Gruson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY 10003, USA
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de Mos M, van El B, DeGroot J, Jahr H, van Schie HTM, van Arkel ER, Tol H, Heijboer R, van Osch GJVM, Verhaar JAN. Achilles tendinosis: changes in biochemical composition and collagen turnover rate. Am J Sports Med 2007; 35:1549-56. [PMID: 17478653 DOI: 10.1177/0363546507301885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding biochemical and structural changes of the extracellular matrix in Achilles tendinosis might be important for developing mechanism-based therapies. HYPOTHESIS In Achilles tendinosis, changes occur in biochemical composition and collagen turnover rate. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS From 10 patients undergoing surgery for Achilles tendinopathy, 1 tendinosis biopsy specimen and 1 biopsy specimen of macroscopically healthy tendon tissue adjacent to the lesion were collected. Furthermore, biopsy samples were collected from 3 donors with asymptomatic Achilles tendons. Water content, collagen content, percentage of denatured collagen, amount of lysine hydroxylation, number of enzymatic and nonenzymatic crosslinks, matrix metalloproteinase activity, and matrix metalloproteinase and collagen gene-expression levels were analyzed. RESULTS In tendinotic lesions, the water content was highest, and collagen content was subnormal with higher amounts of denatured/damaged collagen. Low pentosidine levels in tendinotic tissue indicated the presence of relatively young collagenous matrix. More hydroxylated lysine residues were present in tendinotic samples, but enzymatic crosslinks revealed no differences between tendinotic, adjacent, and healthy samples. In tendinotic specimens, matrix metalloproteinase activity was higher, matrix metalloproteinase gene-expression profile was altered, and collagen type I and III gene expression were upregulated. CONCLUSION In Achilles tendinosis, the collagen turnover rate is increased, and the natural biochemical composition of the collagenous matrix is compromised. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although tendon tissue directly adjacent to an Achilles tendinosis lesion looks macroscopically healthy, histological and biochemical degenerative changes in adjacent tissue are evident, which may have implications for surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke de Mos
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wei AS, Callaci JJ, Juknelis D, Marra G, Tonino P, Freedman KB, Wezeman FH. The effect of corticosteroid on collagen expression in injured rotator cuff tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006; 88:1331-8. [PMID: 16757768 PMCID: PMC3071041 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.e.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subacromial corticosteroid injections are commonly used in the nonoperative management of rotator cuff disease. The effects of corticosteroid injection on injured rotator cuff tendons have not been studied. Our aims were to characterize the acute response of rotator cuff tendons to injury through the analysis of the type-III to type-I collagen expression ratio, a tendon injury marker, and to examine the effects of corticosteroid on this response. METHODS Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, tendon injury, steroid treatment, and tendon injury and steroid treatment. Six rats served as sham controls. Unilateral tendon injuries were created with full-thickness defects across 50% of the total width of the infraspinatus tendon, 5 mm from its humeral insertion. Steroid treatment with a single dose of methylprednisolone (0.6 mg/kg), equivalent to that given to humans, was injected into the subacromial space under direct visualization. Steroid treatment followed the creation of an injury in the rats in the injury and steroid treatment group. At one, three, and five weeks after the injury, the total RNA isolated from tendons was quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction with use of primers for type-I and type-III collagen and ribosomal 18s RNA. RESULTS The type-III to type-I collagen expression ratio remained at baseline at all time-points in the control and sham groups. At one week, the type-III to type-I collagen expression ratio increased more than fourfold above the control level in the tendon injury group (p = 0.017) and the tendon injury and steroid treatment group (p = 0.003). The ratio remained greater than twofold above the control at three weeks in both groups (p = 0.003 and p = 0.037) and returned to baseline at five weeks. Interestingly, the group that had steroid treatment only showed an increase of >4.5-fold (p = 0.001) in the type-III to type-I collagen expression ratio, without structural injury to the tendon. This ratio returned to baseline levels by three weeks. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of corticosteroid does not alter the acute phase response of an injured rotator cuff tendon in the rat. However, the same steroid dose in uninjured tendons initiates a short-term response equivalent to that of structural injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Akgün K, Birtane M, Akarirmak U. Is local subacromial corticosteroid injection beneficial in subacromial impingement syndrome? Clin Rheumatol 2004; 23:496-500. [PMID: 15278758 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-004-0930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Subacromial corticosteroid injection is one of the most frequently used management tools in subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) despite controversial reports on the efficacy. Our purpose, in this single blinded, randomised and controlled study was to clarify whether the corticosteroid injection provides additional benefit when used with other conservative treatment modalities in 48 patients with stage 2 SIS. The patients were randomly divided into three groups according to the two therapeutic injections applied with a 10-day interval: group 1: 10 cc of 1% lignocaine + 40 mg of methylprednisolone for the first and second injections, group 2: 10 cc of 1% lignocaine + 40 mg of methylprednisolone for the first injection and only 10 cc of 1% lignocaine for the second injection, group 3: only 10 cc of 1% lignocaine for the first and second injections. All the patients were prescribed 500 mg of naproxen sodium to use two times daily, instructed to rest and perform Codman's pendulum exercises during the first 15 days. Shoulder pain during rest, activity, and causing disturbance of sleep was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and shoulder function was investigated by total Constant score and its subsectional parameters which are pain, daily living activities, active range of motion and strength before the therapy and 1 and 3 months after the therapy onset. Significant improvements from the baseline values in all pain and function parameters were observed at the first and second evaluation in all groups. Group 1 patients had more favourably improved values in pain causing sleep disturbance and daily living activity parameters than group 2 and 3 patients only in the 1st month after therapy onset. We found that subacromial corticosteroid injections in the acute or subacute phase of SIS provided additional short-term benefit without any complication when used together with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Akgün
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Lo IKY, Marchuk LL, Hollinshead R, Hart DA, Frank CB. Matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase mRNA levels are specifically altered in torn rotator cuff tendons. Am J Sports Med 2004; 32:1223-9. [PMID: 15262646 DOI: 10.1177/0363546503262200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotator cuff tears are a cause of pain and disability in the shoulder. The molecular changes associated with rotator cuff tearing are unclear. A subset of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase, which are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and degradation, were evaluated. HYPOTHESIS There would be an increase in the mRNA level of specific matrix metalloproteinase and a decrease in the mRNA level of specific tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase in rotator cuff tendon tissue obtained from patients with rotator cuff tears. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Tissue was obtained from 10 patients undergoing rotator cuff repair for full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Also, tissue was obtained from cadaveric specimens with no gross evidence of rotator cuff tearing. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed for the collagenases (MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-13), the stromelysins (MMP-3, MMP-10, MMP-11), and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, TIMP-4). Western blotting was performed to confirm the mRNA changes demonstrated in collagenase-3 (MMP-13). RESULTS There was a significant increase in collagenase-3 (MMP-13) mRNA levels, a decrease in stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) mRNA levels, and a decrease in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, -3, and -4 mRNA levels. Western blotting demonstrated an increase in the active form of collagenase-3 (MMP-13) in rotator cuff tendon tears. CONCLUSIONS The mRNA levels of specific matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase are altered in torn rotator cuff tendons. CLINICAL RELEVANCE With the known action of the matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase in extra-cellular matrix remodeling, these findings suggest that their roles in remodeling of rotator cuff tears should be further investigated.
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Stitik TP, Foye PM, Fossati J. Shoulder injections for osteoarthritis and other disorders. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2004; 15:407-46. [PMID: 15145424 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2004.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Shoulder injection procedures are powerful diagnostic and therapeutic tools for the care of patients with osteoarthritis and other pathologic conditions of the shoulder-girdle region. Although questions regarding many of the details of the specific procedures still need to be answered, a modest body of literature is available. The musculoskeletal physiatrist is in a good position to contribute to this knowledge base through further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd P Stitik
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Doctor's Office Center, 90 Bergen Street, Suite 3100, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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Akuthota V, Chou LH, Drake DF, Nadler SF, Toledo SD. Sports and performing arts medicine. 2. Shoulder and elbow overuse injuries in sports. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85:S52-8. [PMID: 15034856 DOI: 10.1053/j.apmr.2003.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This self-directed learning module discusses classic topics and highlights new advances in this area. This article discusses upper-limb sports injuries as part of a section of the study guide on sports and performing arts medicine in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article uses case vignettes as a vehicle to elaborate on shoulder and elbow pain in the athlete. OVERALL ARTICLE OBJECTIVE To discuss shoulder and elbow overuse injuries in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Akuthota
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, USA.
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