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Li W, Chen D, Zhu Y, Ye Q, Hua Y, Jiang P, Xiang Y, Xu Y, Pan Y, Yang H, Ma Y, Xu H, Zhao C, Zheng C, Chen C, Zhu Y, Xu G. Alleviating Pyroptosis of Intestinal Epithelial Cells to Restore Mucosal Integrity in Ulcerative Colitis by Targeting Delivery of 4-Octyl-Itaconate. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16658-16673. [PMID: 38907726 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Current therapies primarily targeting inflammation often fail to address the root relationship between intestinal mucosal integrity and the resulting dysregulated cell death and ensuing inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC). First, UC tissues from human and mice models in this article both emphasize the crucial role of Gasdermin E (GSDME)-mediated pyroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) as it contributes to colitis by releasing proinflammatory cytokines, thereby compromising the intestinal barrier. Then, 4-octyl-itaconate (4-OI), exhibiting potential for anti-inflammatory activity in inhibiting pyroptosis, was encapsulated by butyrate-modified liposome (4-OI/BLipo) to target delivery for IECs. In brief, 4-OI/BLipo exhibited preferential accumulation in inflamed colonic epithelium, attributed to over 95% of butyrate being produced and absorbed in the colon. As expected, epithelium barriers were restored significantly by alleviating GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in colitis. Accordingly, the permeability of IECs was restored, and the resulting inflammation, mucosal epithelium, and balance of gut flora were reprogrammed, which offers a hopeful approach to the effective management of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21008, Jiangsu Province,China
| | - Dong Chen
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21008, Jiangsu Province,China
| | - Qiange Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing 21008, Jiangsu Province,China
| | - Yang Hua
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21008, Jiangsu Province,China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province,China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21008, Jiangsu Province,China
| | - Yuejie Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21008, Jiangsu Province,China
| | - Yinya Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province,China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21008, Jiangsu Province,China
| | - Yichun Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21008, Jiangsu Province,China
| | - Hang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21008, Jiangsu Province,China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province,China
| | - Chang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province,China
| | - Changrong Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21008, Jiangsu Province,China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21008, Jiangsu Province,China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province,China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing 21008, Jiangsu Province,China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 21008, Jiangsu Province,China
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Oh J, Cho H, Jeong S, Kang K, Lee M, Jeon S, Kang H, Seo S. Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Level of Concentrate Mix on Growth Performance, Rumen Characteristics, Blood Metabolites, and Methane Emissions in Fattening Hanwoo Steers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:469. [PMID: 38338112 PMCID: PMC10854555 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of varying levels of dietary crude protein (CP) on growth performance, rumen characteristics, blood metabolites, and methane emissions in fattening Hanwoo steers. Twenty-four steers, weighing 504 ± 33.0 kg (16 months old), were assigned to four dietary treatments with different CP concentrations (15, 18, 19, and 21% of CP on a dry matter (DM) basis). A linear increasing trend in the average daily gain (ADG) was observed (p = 0.066). With increased dietary CP levels, the rumen ammonia concentration significantly increased (p < 0.001), while the propionate proportion linearly decreased (p = 0.004) and the proportions of butyrate and valerate linearly increased (p ≤ 0.003). The blood urea exhibited a linear increase (p < 0.001), whereas the blood non-esterified fatty acids and cholesterol showed a linear decrease (p ≤ 0.003) with increasing dietary CP. The methane concentration from eructation per intake (ppm/kg), forage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake, total NDF intake, and ADG exhibited linear decreases (p ≤ 0.014) across the treatments. In conclusion, increasing the dietary CP up to 21% in concentrates demonstrated a tendency to linearly increase the ADG and significantly decrease the propionate while increasing the butyrate. The methane concentration from eructation exhibited a tendency to linearly decrease with increasing dietary CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonpyo Oh
- Cargill Animal Nutrition Korea, Seongnam 13630, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyunjin Cho
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Sinyong Jeong
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Kyewon Kang
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Mingyung Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Seoyoung Jeon
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Hamin Kang
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Seongwon Seo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
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Ford T, McAdams ZL, Townsend KS, Martin LM, Johnson PJ, Ericsson AC. Effect of Sugar Beet Pulp on the Composition and Predicted Function of Equine Fecal Microbiota. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1254. [PMID: 37759653 PMCID: PMC10525916 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the partial replacement of dietary hay with sugar beet pulp (SBP) on the composition and predicted function of the fecal microbiota of healthy adult horses. Fecal samples were collected daily for 12 days from six adult horses after removal from pasture, including a five-day acclimation period, and a seven-day period following the introduction of SBP into their diet, and compared to six untreated horses over a comparable period. Fecal DNA was subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and a longitudinal analysis was performed comparing the composition and predicted function. While no significant treatment-associated changes in the richness, alpha diversity, or beta diversity were detected, random forest regression identified several high-importance taxonomic features associated with change over time in horses receiving SBP. A similar analysis of the predicted functional pathways identified several high-importance pathways, including those involved in the production of L-methionine and butyrate. These data suggest that feeding SBP to healthy adult horses acutely increases the relative abundance of several Gram-positive taxa, including Cellulosilyticum sp., Moryella sp., and Weissella sp., and mitigates the predicted functional changes associated with removal from pasture. Large-scale studies are needed to assess the protective effect of SBP on the incidence of the gastrointestinal conditions of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ford
- College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Zachary L. McAdams
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutics (MPT) Program, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Kile S. Townsend
- College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Lynn M. Martin
- College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Philip J. Johnson
- College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutics (MPT) Program, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- MU Metagenomics Center, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Characterizing the Alteration in Rumen Microbiome and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Profile with Forage of Muskoxen Rumen through Comparative Metatranscriptomics. Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010071. [PMID: 35056520 PMCID: PMC8777777 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muskox (Ovibos moschatus), as the biggest herbivore in the High Arctic, has been enduring the austere arctic nutritional conditions and has evolved to ingest and digest scarce and high lignified forages to support the growth and reproduce, implying probably harbor a distinct microbial reservoir for the deconstruction of plant biomass. Therefore, metagenomics approach was applied to characterize the rumen microbial community and understand the alteration in rumen microbiome of muskoxen fed either triticale straw or brome hay. The difference in the structure of microbial communities including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa between the two forages was observed at the taxonomic level of genus. Further, although the highly abundant phylotypes in muskoxen rumen fed either triticale straw or brome hay were almost the same, the selective enrichment different phylotypes for fiber degrading, soluble substrates fermenting, electron and hydrogen scavenging through methanogenesis, acetogenesis, propionogenesis, and sulfur-reducing was also noticed. Specifically, triticale straw with higher content of fiber, cellulose selectively enriched more lignocellulolytic taxa and electron transferring taxa, while brome hay with higher nitrogen content selectively enriched more families and genera for degradable substrates-digesting. Intriguingly, the carbohydrate-active enzyme profile suggested an over representation and diversity of putative glycoside hydrolases (GHs) in the animals fed on triticale straw. The majority of the cellulases belonged to fiver GH families (i.e., GH5, GH6, GH9, GH45, and GH48) and were primarily synthesized by Ruminococcus, Piromyces, Neocallimastix, and Fibrobacter. Abundance of major genes coding for hemicellulose digestion was higher than cellulose mainly including GH8, GH10, GH16, GH26, and GH30, and these enzymes were produced by members of the genera Fibrobacter, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium. Oligosaccharides were mainly of the GH1, GH2, GH3, and GH31 types and were associated with the genera Prevotella and Piromyces. Our results strengthen metatranscriptomic evidence in support of the understanding of the microbial community and plant polysaccharide response to changes in the feed type and host animal. The study also establishes these specific microbial consortia procured from triticale straw group can be used further for efficient plant biomass hydrolysis.
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The Impact of Feed Supplementations on Asian Buffaloes: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072033. [PMID: 34359160 PMCID: PMC8300117 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Apart from feeding with forages, dietary supplementation with concentrate and rumen bypass fat is one of the feeding strategies to enhance nutrient availability and improve buffalo performance and productivity. This review paper thoroughly discussed the utilization of concentrate and bypass fat as dietary supplementation in buffalo feeding, and discussed the effects on performance, fermentation characteristics and general health of buffaloes to give better insight about the potential and challenges of dietary supplementation in buffalo diet. Based on the literature studies, it can be summarized that supplementation of concentrate and bypass fat in buffaloes may overcome the nutritional problems and improve the growth performance, health status, rumen environment and carcass traits. Abstract With the increase in the global buffalo herd, the use of supplementation in the ruminant feeding has become an important area for many researchers who are looking for an isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet to improve production parameters. In order to improve the performance of the Asian water buffalo, the optimal balance of all nutrients, including energy and protein, are important as macronutrients. Dietary supplementation is one of the alternatives to enhance the essential nutrient content in the buffalo diet and to improve the rumen metabolism of the animal. Researchers have found that supplementation of concentrate and rumen bypass fat could change growth performance and carcass traits without causing any adverse effects on the buffalo growth. Some studies showed that dry matter intake, body condition score and some blood parameters and hormones related to growth responded positively to concentrate and rumen bypass fat supplementation. In addition, changes of feeding management by adding the supplement to the ruminant basal diet helped to increase the profit of the local farmers due to the increased performance and productivity of the animals. Nevertheless, the effects of dietary supplementation on the performance of ruminants are inconsistent. Thus, its long-term effects on the health and productivity of buffaloes still need to be further investigated.
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Koike S, Ueno M, Miura H, Saegusa A, Inouchi K, Inabu Y, Sugino T, Guan LL, Oba M, Kobayashi Y. Rumen microbiota and its relation to fermentation in lactose-fed calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10744-10752. [PMID: 34218911 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In our previous studies, we revealed the effect of lactose inclusion in calf starters on the growth performance and gut development of calves. We conducted the present study as a follow-up study to identify the shift in rumen microbiota and its relation to rumen fermentation when calves are fed a lactose-containing starter. Thirty Holstein bull calves were divided into 2 calf starter treatment groups: texturized calf starter (i.e., control; n = 15) or calf starter in which starch was replaced with lactose at 10% (i.e., LAC10; n = 15) on a dry matter basis. All calves were fed their respective treatment calf starter ad libitum from d 7, and kleingrass hay from d 35. Rumen digesta were collected on d 80 (i.e., 3 wk after weaning) and used to analyze rumen microbiota and fermentation products. There was no apparent effect of lactose feeding on the α-diversity and overall composition of rumen microbiota. Amplicon sequencing and real-time PCR quantification of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed that the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (i.e., Butyrivibrio group and Megasphaera elsdenii) did not differ between the control and LAC10 groups. Conversely, the relative abundance of Mitsuokella spp., which produce lactate, succinate, and acetate, was significantly higher in the rumen of calves that were fed lactose, whereas the lactate concentration did not differ between the control and LAC10 groups. These findings suggest that the lactate production can be elevated by an increase of Mitsuokella spp. and then converted into butyrate, not propionate, since the proportion of propionate was lower in lactose-fed calves. In addition, we observed a higher abundance of Coriobacteriaceae and Pseudoramibacter-Eubacterium in the LAC10 group. Both these bacterial taxa include acetate-producing bacteria, and a positive correlation between the acetate-to-propionate ratio and the abundance of Pseudoramibacter-Eubacterium was observed. Therefore, the higher abundance of Coriobacteriaceae, Mitsuokella spp., and Pseudoramibacter-Eubacterium in the rumen of lactose-fed calves partially explains the increase in the proportion of rumen acetate that was observed in our previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koike
- Department of Animal Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 060-8589.
| | - M Ueno
- Department of Animal Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 060-8589
| | - H Miura
- Department of Animal Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 060-8589
| | - A Saegusa
- Dairy Technology Research Institute, Feed-Livestock and Guidance Department, The National Federation of Dairy Co-operative Associations, Nishi-shirakawa, Fukushima, Japan 969-0223
| | - K Inouchi
- Dairy Technology Research Institute, Feed-Livestock and Guidance Department, The National Federation of Dairy Co-operative Associations, Nishi-shirakawa, Fukushima, Japan 969-0223
| | - Y Inabu
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan 739-8528
| | - T Sugino
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan 739-8528
| | - L L Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - M Oba
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Y Kobayashi
- Department of Animal Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 060-8589
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Pastor-Ibáñez R, Blanco-Heredia J, Etcheverry F, Sánchez-Palomino S, Díez-Fuertes F, Casas R, Navarrete-Muñoz MÁ, Castro-Barquero S, Lucero C, Fernández I, Leal L, Benito JM, Noguera-Julian M, Paredes R, Rallón N, Estruch R, Torrents D, García F. Adherence to a Supplemented Mediterranean Diet Drives Changes in the Gut Microbiota of HIV-1-Infected Individuals. Nutrients 2021; 13:1141. [PMID: 33808476 PMCID: PMC8067262 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The health effects of a supplemented Mediterranean diet (SMD) with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts are well documented in non-HIV-infected individuals. We hypothesised that the benefits of an SMD could be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota, even in those with an altered intestinal microbiota such as people living with HIV. DESIGN Individuals living with HIV (n = 102) were randomised to receive an SMD with 50 g/day of EVOO and 30 g/day of walnuts (SMD group) or continue with their regular diet (control group) for 12 weeks. METHODS Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the validated 14-item MD-Adherence-Screener (MEDAS) from the PREDIMED study. A sub-study classifying the participants according to their MEDAS scores was performed. RESULTS The lipid profile was improved in the SMD group vs. that in the control group (delta-total cholesterol and delta-B-lipoprotein). The immune activation (CD4+HLADR+CD38+ and CD8+HLADR+CD38+ cells) and IFN-γ-producing T-cells significantly decreased at week 12 compared to the baseline in the SMD group but not in the control group. The gut microbiota in those from the high-adherence group presented significantly high diversity and richness at the end of the intervention. Succinivibrio and Bifidobacterium abundances were influenced by the adherence to the MD and significantly correlated with Treg cells. CONCLUSION The Mediterranean diet improved metabolic parameters, immune activation, Treg function, and the gut microbiota composition in HIV-1-infected individuals. Further, Mediterranean diet increased the Bifidobacterium abundances after the intervention, and it was associated to a beneficial profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roque Pastor-Ibáñez
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Juan Blanco-Heredia
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florencia Etcheverry
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Sánchez-Palomino
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Francisco Díez-Fuertes
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.C.); (S.C.-B.); (R.E.)
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidady la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Navarrete-Muñoz
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.N.-M.); (J.M.B.); (N.R.)
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.C.); (S.C.-B.); (R.E.)
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidady la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza Lucero
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Irene Fernández
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorna Leal
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Miguel Benito
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.N.-M.); (J.M.B.); (N.R.)
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Noguera-Julian
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, IrsiCaixa, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.N.-J.); (R.P.)
| | - Roger Paredes
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, IrsiCaixa, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.N.-J.); (R.P.)
| | - Norma Rallón
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.N.-M.); (J.M.B.); (N.R.)
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.C.); (S.C.-B.); (R.E.)
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidady la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Torrents
- Computational Genomics Groups, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe García
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Chuang ST, Ho ST, Tu PW, Li KY, Kuo YL, Shiu JS, Wang SY, Chen MJ. The Rumen Specific Bacteriome in Dry Dairy Cows and Its Possible Relationship with Phenotypes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1791. [PMID: 33019774 PMCID: PMC7601041 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most microbiome studies of dairy cows have investigated the compositions and functions of rumen microbial communities in lactating dairy cows. The importance of the relationships among hosts, microbiota, diet composition, and milk production remains unknown in dry dairy cows. Thus, in the present study, the composition of the rumen microbiome in cows from three dairy farms was investigated to identify core bacteria contributing to various physiological roles during rumen fermentation in dry dairy cows. The results indicated that ruminal fluid in dry dairy cows from different regional farms had core rumen microbiota that could be clearly distinguished from that of cows of the other farms. Further identification of key microorganisms associated with each farm revealed that Prevotella, Methanobrevibacter, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and Streptococcus were major contributors. Spearman's correlation indicated that the abundance of genera such as Prevotella and Ruminococcus in dry dairy cows could indicate milk yield in the previous lactating period. Functional pathway analysis of the rumen bacterial communities demonstrated that amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were the major pathways. Our findings provide knowledge of the composition and predicted functions of rumen microbiota in dry dairy cows from regional farms, which underscore the importance of the relationships among hosts, microbiota, diet composition, and milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Te Chuang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Shang-Tse Ho
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (S.-T.H.); (P.-W.T.); (K.-Y.L.); (S.-Y.W.)
- Department of Wood Based Materials and Design, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Tu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (S.-T.H.); (P.-W.T.); (K.-Y.L.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Kuan-Yi Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (S.-T.H.); (P.-W.T.); (K.-Y.L.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Yu-Lun Kuo
- Biotools Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Shian Shiu
- Hengchun Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Pingtung 946, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Yao Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (S.-T.H.); (P.-W.T.); (K.-Y.L.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Ming-Ju Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (S.-T.H.); (P.-W.T.); (K.-Y.L.); (S.-Y.W.)
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Yu J, Cai L, Zhang J, Yang A, Wang Y, Zhang L, Guan LL, Qi D. Effects of Thymol Supplementation on Goat Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Microbiota In Vitro. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081160. [PMID: 32751619 PMCID: PMC7463607 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to explore the predominant responses of rumen microbiota with thymol supplementation as well as effective dose of thymol on rumen fermentation. Thymol at different concentrations, i.e., 0, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 400 mg/L (four groups × five replications) was applied for 24 h of fermentation in a rumen fluid incubation system. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was applied to investigate the ruminal microbes in addition to the examination of rumen fermentation. Thymol doses reached 200 mg/L and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) total gas production (TGP) and methane production; the production of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), propionate, and ammonia nitrogen, and the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were apparently decreased (p < 0.05) when the thymol dose reached 400 mg/L. A thymol dose of 200 mg/L significantly affected (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of 14 genera of bacteria, three species of archaea, and two genera of protozoa. Network analysis showed that bacteria, archaea, and protozoa significantly correlated with methane production and VFA production. This study indicates an optimal dose of thymol at 200 mg/L to facilitate rumen fermentation, the critical roles of bacteria in rumen fermentation, and their interactions with the archaea and protozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkun Yu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Y.); (L.C.); (J.Z.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liyuan Cai
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Y.); (L.C.); (J.Z.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jiacai Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Y.); (L.C.); (J.Z.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ao Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Y.); (L.C.); (J.Z.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Y.); (L.C.); (J.Z.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Y.); (L.C.); (J.Z.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada;
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Y.); (L.C.); (J.Z.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87281793
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Sechovcová H, Kulhavá L, Fliegerová K, Trundová M, Morais D, Mrázek J, Kopečný J. Comparison of enzymatic activities and proteomic profiles of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens grown on different carbon sources. Proteome Sci 2019; 17:2. [PMID: 31168299 PMCID: PMC6545216 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-019-0150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rumen microbiota is one of the most complex consortia of anaerobes, involving archaea, bacteria, protozoa, fungi and phages. They are very effective at utilizing plant polysaccharides, especially cellulose and hemicelluloses. The most important hemicellulose decomposers are clustered with the genus Butyrivibrio. As the related species differ in their range of hydrolytic activities and substrate preferences, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens was selected as one of the most effective isolates and thus suitable for proteomic studies on substrate comparisons in the extracellular fraction. The B. fibrisolvens genome is the biggest in the butyrivibria cluster and is focused on “environmental information processing” and “carbohydrate metabolism”. Methods The study of the effect of carbon source on B. fibrisolvens 3071 was based on cultures grown on four substrates: xylose, glucose, xylan, xylan with 25% glucose. The enzymatic activities were studied by spectrophotometric and zymogram methods. Proteomic study was based on genomics, 2D electrophoresis and nLC/MS (Bruker Daltonics) analysis. Results Extracellular β-endoxylanase as well as xylan β-xylosidase activities were induced with xylan. The presence of the xylan polymer induced hemicellulolytic enzymes and increased the protein fraction in the interval from 40 to 80 kDa. 2D electrophoresis with nLC/MS analysis of extracellular B. fibrisolvens 3071 proteins found 14 diverse proteins with significantly different expression on the tested substrates. Conclusion The comparison of four carbon sources resulted in the main significant changes in B. fibrisolvens proteome occurring outside the fibrolytic cluster of proteins. The affected proteins mainly belonged to the glycolysis and protein synthesis cluster. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12953-019-0150-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Sechovcová
- 1Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.,5Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 286 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kulhavá
- 2Institute of Physiology, CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.,4Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Fliegerová
- 1Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Trundová
- 3Institute of Biotechnology, CAS, v.v.i., Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Morais
- 6Institute of Microbiology, CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Mrázek
- 1Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopečný
- 1Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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Effects of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Products on the Microbial Community throughout the Gastrointestinal Tract of Calves. Animals (Basel) 2018; 9:ani9010004. [PMID: 30577678 PMCID: PMC6356610 DOI: 10.3390/ani9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) are widely used for dairy cows and have been suggested to improve calf performance and health. However, the changes in microbial community along the gut in calves supplemented with SCFP have not been investigated extensively. This manuscript exhibited that calves supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products changed the microbial community of GIT and stimulated fibrolytic bacteria (Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae) colonization in early rumen and large intestine, respectively. Those alternations of microbiota in GIT might explain how SCFP works in calves. Abstract The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) on improving growth and health of calves could be attributed to the ability of SCFP to modulate the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). However, the changes in microbial community along the gut in calves supplemented with SCFP have not been investigated extensively. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of SCFP on microbial communities in each sites of GIT using high-throughput sequencing technique. Fifteen Holstein male calves were used and randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 treatments including a calf starter containing 0 (Control, CON), 0.5 (SCFP1) or 1% SCFP (SCFP2, Original XPC, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA) of dry matter from day 4 to 56. The supplemented calves were fed with an additional 1 g/d SCFP (SmartCare, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA) in milk from day 2 to 30. Rumen fluid was sampled at day 28 of age via esophageal tube. All calves were slaughtered and gastrointestinal samples collected on day 56. Inclusion of SCFP increased the microbial species richness in the large intestine. The SCFP also affected the bacterial community at an early age in the rumen and later in rectum microbiota. Supplementation of SCFP stimulated colonization by fibrolytic bacteria (Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae) in rumen and large intestine, respectively. No differences were found between SCFP1 and SCFP2. This is the first study to analyze the effect of SCFP on bacterial community of the GIT microbiota in calves. The results provide the basic bacterial community information, which helps us understand the mechanism of action of SCFP for improving the health and performance of pre-weaning calf.
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12
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Ren Q, Xuan J, Wang L, Hu Z, Yang H, Zhang W, Jiang L. Effects of tributyrin supplementation on in vitro culture fermentation and methanogenesis and in vivo dietary nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus losses in Small Tail ewes. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13
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Bi Y, Zeng S, Zhang R, Diao Q, Tu Y. Effects of dietary energy levels on rumen bacterial community composition in Holstein heifers under the same forage to concentrate ratio condition. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:69. [PMID: 29996759 PMCID: PMC6042446 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rumen bacterial community plays a critical role in feeds degradation and productivity. The effects of different forage to concentrate ratios on the ruminal microbial population structure have been studied extensively; however, research into changes in the ruminal bacterial community composition in heifers fed different energy level diets, with the same forage to concentrate ratio, has been very limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary energy levels, with the same forage to concentrate ratio, on ruminal bacterial community composition of heifers. Furthermore, we also determine the relationship between rumen bacteria and ruminal fermentation parameters. Results The 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that, under the same forage to concentrate ratio of 50:50, an 8% difference in dietary energy level had no significant impact on the alpha diversity and the relative abundance of the major phyla and most of the major genera in heifers. In all the treatments groups, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla. Spearman correlation analysis between the relative abundances of the rumen bacteria at the genus level and the fermentation parameters showed that the relative abundances of Prevotella and BF311 were positively correlated with the ammonia nitrogen and butyrate concentrations, and these two genera were negatively correlated with the propionate and isovalerate concentrations, respectively, and the genus Bifidobacterium was positively correlated with the butyrate concentration and was negatively correlated with propionate and isovalerate concentration. The total volatile fatty acid concentration was positively correlated with BF311 abundances, and was negatively correlated with Trichococcus and Facklamia abundances. Conclusions Under the same forage to concentrate ratio condition of 50:50, an 8% difference in dietary energy levels had little impact on rumen bacterial community composition in heifers. The correlations between some genera of ruminal bacteria and the concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen might be indicative that the ruminal fermentation parameters are strongly influenced by the rumen bacterial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuqin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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14
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Ren QC, Xuan JJ, Wang LK, Zhan QW, Yin DZ, Hu ZZ, Yang HJ, Zhang W, Jiang LS. Effects of tributyrin supplementation on ruminal microbial protein yield, fermentation characteristics and nutrients degradability in adult Small Tail ewes. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1271-1279. [PMID: 29851189 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two trials were conducted to assess the effects of tributyrin (TB) supplementation on ruminal microbial protein yield and fermentation characteristics in adult sheep. In an in vitro trial, substrate was made to offer TB at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/kg on a dry matter (DM) basis and incubated for 48 hr. In an in vivo trial, 45 adult ewes were randomly assigned by initial body weight (55 ± 5 kg) to five treatments of nine animals over an 18-day period. Total mixed ration was made to offer TB to ewes at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/kg on a DM basis. The in vitro trial showed that TB enhanced apparent degradation of DM (p = .009), crude protein (p < .001), neutral detergent fiber (p = .007) and acid detergent fiber (p = .010) and increased methanogenesis (p < .001), respectively. The in vivo trial showed that TB decreased DM intake (p < .001) and enhanced rumen microbial N synthesis (p < .001), respectively. Both in vitro and in vivo trials showed that TB increased total volatile fatty acid concentration and enhanced fibrolytic enzyme activity. The results indicated that TB might exert positive effects on microbial protein yield and fermentation in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Chang Ren
- Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xuan
- Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Li-Ke Wang
- Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Qiu-Wen Zhan
- Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Ding-Zhong Yin
- Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Zhong-Ze Hu
- Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Hong-Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Shu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Xie X, Wang J, Guan L, Liu J. Effect of changing forage on the dynamic variation in rumen fermentation in sheep. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:122-131. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xie
- Institute of Dairy Science College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jia‐kun Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Leluo Guan
- Institute of Dairy Science College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Jian‐Xin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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Grilli DJ, Fliegerová K, Kopečný J, Lama SP, Egea V, Sohaefer N, Pereyra C, Ruiz MS, Sosa MA, Arenas GN, Mrázek J. Analysis of the rumen bacterial diversity of goats during shift from forage to concentrate diet. Anaerobe 2016; 42:17-26. [PMID: 27417742 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
High-grain feeding used in the animal production is known to affect the host rumen bacterial community, but our understanding of consequent changes in goats is limited. This study was therefore aimed to evaluate bacterial population dynamics during 20 days adaptation of 4 ruminally cannulated goats to the high-grain diet (grain: hay - ratio of 40:60). The dietary transition of goats from the forage to the high-grain-diet resulted in the significant decrease of rumen fluid pH, which was however still higher than value established for acute or subacute ruminal acidosis was not diagnosed in studied animals. DGGE analysis demonstrated distinct ruminal microbial populations in hay-fed and grain-fed animals, but the substantial animal-to-animal variation were detected. Quantitative PCR showed for grain-fed animals significantly higher number of bacteria belonging to Clostridium leptum group at 10 days after the incorporation of corn into the diet and significantly lower concentration of bacteria belonging to Actinobacteria phylum at the day 20 after dietary change. Taxonomic distribution analysed by NGS at day 20 revealed the similar prevalence of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in all goats, significantly higher presence of the unclassified genus of groups of Bacteroidales and Ruminococcaceae in grain-fed animals and significantly higher presence the genus Prevotella and Butyrivibrio in the forage-fed animals. The three different culture-independent methods used in this study show that high proportion of concentrate in goat diet does not induce any serious disturbance of their rumen ecosystem and indicate the good adaptive response of caprine ruminal bacteria to incorporation of corn into the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Javier Grilli
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Av. Acceso Este Lateral Sur 2245, CP 5519, Mendoza, Argentina; Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Casilla de Correo 56, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Kateřina Fliegerová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CP 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopečný
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CP 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastián Paez Lama
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, Centro Científico y Tecnológico, M5502BPB, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Vanina Egea
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, Centro Científico y Tecnológico, M5502BPB, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Noelia Sohaefer
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Av. Acceso Este Lateral Sur 2245, CP 5519, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Celia Pereyra
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Av. Acceso Este Lateral Sur 2245, CP 5519, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Ruiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Av. Acceso Este Lateral Sur 2245, CP 5519, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Miguel Angel Sosa
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Casilla de Correo 56, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Graciela Nora Arenas
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Casilla de Correo 56, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Jakub Mrázek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CP 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
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Xiao JX, Alugongo GM, Chung R, Dong SZ, Li SL, Yoon I, Wu ZH, Cao ZJ. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products on dairy calves: Ruminal fermentation, gastrointestinal morphology, and microbial community. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5401-5412. [PMID: 27157569 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) in the calf starter and milk on ruminal fermentation, gastrointestinal morphology, and microbial community in the first 56 d of life. Thirty Holstein bull calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: a texturized calf starter containing 0 (CON), 0.5, or 1% SCFP (XPC, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) of dry matter from d 4 to 56. In addition, the XPC-supplemented calves were fed with 1 g/d SCFP (SmartCare, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) in milk from d 2 to 30. All calves were fed 4 L of colostrum within 1 h of birth and were subsequently fed milk twice daily until weaned on d 56. Rumen fluid was collected by an esophageal tube 4 h after the morning feeding on d 28 and 56 to determine ruminal pH, ammonia-N, and volatile fatty acids concentrations. On d 56, 15 (5 per treatment) calves were harvested and slaughter weight, gastrointestinal morphology parameters, and bacteria community were recorded. Papilla length, width, and surface area were measured from 5 locations within the rumen. Villus height, width, surface area, crypt depth, and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio were measured in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Next-generation sequencing technology was used to test the microbial community of the rumen and duodenum samples on d 28 and 56. Data were analyzed by MIXED procedure in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with contrast statements to declare CON versus all SCFP and 0.5 versus 1% SCFP in starter grains. Ruminal pH, ammonia-N, and total volatile fatty acids were not altered by SCFP. However, the supplemented groups exhibited higher ruminal butyrate concentrations coinciding with higher Butyrivibrio and lower Prevotella richness than CON group. Supplementation of SCFP increased papilla length in the rumen. In the small intestine, SCFP reduced crypt depth of jejunum, and increased villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in all segments of the small intestine, especially when supplemented at a higher dosage in the starter. In conclusion, Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products improved gastrointestinal morphology, possibly due to increased Butyrivibrio and decreased Prevotella richness of the rumen fluid, which resulted in an increase in butyrate production, and the effect was slightly greater with the higher dosage of SCFP in the starter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - G M Alugongo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - R Chung
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52404
| | - S Z Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - S L Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - I Yoon
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52404
| | - Z H Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Z J Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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Marounek M, Mrázek J, Volek Z, Skřivanová E, Killer J. Pregastric and caecal fermentation pattern in Syrian hamsters. MAMMALIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2014-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFew studies have compared the pregastric and caecal digestion of hamsters. Mature Syrian hamsters (
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McCann JC, Drewery ML, Sawyer JE, Pinchak WE, Wickersham TA. Effect of postextraction algal residue supplementation on the ruminal microbiome of steers consuming low-quality forage. J Anim Sci 2015; 92:5063-75. [PMID: 25349354 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle consuming low-quality forages (LQF) require protein supplementation to increase forage utilization via ruminal fermentation. Biofuel production from algal biomass results in large quantities of postextraction algal residue (PEAR), which has the potential to elicit LQF utilization responses similar to cottonseed meal (CSM); however, its effect on ruminal bacterial communities is unknown. Five ruminally and duodenally cannulated Angus steers in a 5 × 5 Latin square had ad libitum access to oat straw diets. Treatments were infused ruminally and consisted of an unsupplemented control; PEAR at 50, 100, and 150 mg N/kg BW; and CSM at 100 mg N/kg BW. Ruminal samples were collected 4 h after supplementation on d 14 of each period and separated into solid and liquid fractions. Each sample was extracted for genomic DNA, PCR amplified for the V4 to V6 region of the 16S rRNA, sequenced on the 454 Roche pyrosequencing platform, and analyzed using the QIIME pipeline. Weighted UniFrac analysis and Morisita-Horn index demonstrated different community composition between liquid and solid fractions. Measures of richness including observed operational taxonomic units (OTU) and abundance coverage estimator metric decreased with greater PEAR provision (P ≤ 0.09). There were 42 core microbiome OTU observed in all solid fraction samples while the liquid fraction samples contained 30 core OTU. Bacteroidetes was the predominant phylum followed by Firmicutes in both fractions, which together characterized more than 90% of sequences. Relative abundance of Firmicutes increased with PEAR supplementation in the liquid fraction (linear, P = 0.02). Among Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridiaceae families increased in the liquid fraction with greater PEAR supplementation (linear, P ≤ 0.03). Prevotella represented over 25% of sequences in all treatments, and relative abundance decreased in the solid fraction with increasing PEAR provision (linear, P = 0.01). Fibrobacter and Treponema decreased in the liquid fraction with increasing PEAR (linear, P < 0.10). Results suggest PEAR supplementation increased forage utilization by increasing members of Firmicutes within the liquid fraction of the rumen microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C McCann
- Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77840
| | - M L Drewery
- Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77840
| | - J E Sawyer
- Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77840
| | - W E Pinchak
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Vernon TX 76384
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Zeng Y, Zeng D, Zhang Y, Ni X, Tang Y, Zhu H, Wang H, Yin Z, Pan K, Jing B. Characterization of the cellulolytic bacteria communities along the gastrointestinal tract of Chinese Mongolian sheep by using PCR-DGGE and real-time PCR analysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1103-13. [PMID: 25931374 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A balanced gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem is crucial for the health and growth of animals. In the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants, cellulolytic bacteria aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Rumen contents and feces in ruminants are often used to assess gastrointestinal microbial communities; however, these sites do not guarantee to represent the diversity of microbes found in the entire GIT. In this study, we investigated the microbiota along the GIT of five Chinese Mongolian sheep using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and real-time PCR analysis. Results indicated that microbiota were more abundant in the stomach and large intestine than in the small intestine. DGGE and real-time PCR revealed the predominance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the GIT. Meanwhile, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Clostridium cluster IV showed significant difference in their abundance along the GIT (P < 0.05). Fibrobacter succinogenes was the most dominant species, followed by Ruminococcus albus and R. flavefaciens. The ileum harbored a larger number of cellulolytic bacteria, particularly-Clostridium cluster IV, than reported previously. In addition, comparisons between microbiota in the rumen and rectum indicated similar number of total bacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, F. succinogenes, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Clostridium cluster IV, and Clostridium cluster XIVa, whereas the number of R. albus and R. flavefaciens was higher in the rumen. This study investigated the composition and quantification of GIT microbial community in Chinese Mongolian sheep, and revealed for the first time the cellulolytic bacterial community in these sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
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21
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Min B, Kyung Koo O, Park SH, Jarvis N, Ricke SC, Crandall PG, Lee SO. Fermentation Patterns of Various Pectin Sources by Human Fecal Microbiota. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2015.612115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Li Y, Liu N, Yang H, Zhao F, Yu Y, Tian Y, Lu X. Cloning and characterization of a new β-glucosidase from a metagenomic library of rumen of cattle feeding with Miscanthus sinensis. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:85. [PMID: 25274487 PMCID: PMC4287584 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study on the second generation bio-fuel is a hot area of current research of renewable energy. Among series of key points in this area, the role of β-glucosidase in the degradation of intermediate gluco-oligosaccharides limits the rate of the complete saccharification of lignocellulose. Results In this study, a new β-glucosidase gene, unglu135B12, which was isolated from a metagenomic library of rumen of cattle feeding with Miscanthus sinensis by the function-based screening, encodes a 779 amino acid polypeptide that contains a catalytic domain belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3). It was recombinantly expressed, purified and biochemically characterized. The recombinant β-glucosidase, unglu135B12, displayed optimum enzymatic activity at pH 5.0 at 38°C, and showed the highest specific activity of 2.5 × 103 U/mg under this optimal condition to p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), and its Km and Vmax values were 0.309 mmol/L and 7.292 μmol/min, respectively. In addition, the presence of Ca2+, K+, Na+ slightly improved β-glucosidase activity of unglu135B12 by about 5%, while about 10 ~ 85% loss of β-glucosidase activity was induced by addition of Mn2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Cu2+. Interestingly, unglu135B12 was activated by glucose at the concentration lower than 40 mM. Conclusions Our findings indicate that unglu135B12 is a new β-glucosidase derived from rumen of cattle, and it might be a potent candidate for saccharification of lignocellulose in industrial application. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1472-6750-14-85) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yun Tian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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23
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Kasperowicz A, Stan-Głasek K, Kowalik B, Vandzurova A, Pristas P, Pająk J, Kwiatkowska E, Michałowski T. Effect of dietary fructose polymers or sucrose on microbial fermentation, enzyme activity, ciliate concentration and diversity of bacterial flora in the rumen of rams. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Identification of GH10 xylanases in strains 2 and Mz5 of Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2014; 59:507-14. [PMID: 24942109 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-014-0329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Genes encoding glycosyl hydrolase family 11 (GH11) xylanases and xylanases have been identified from Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans. In contrast, little is known about the diversity and distribution of the GH10 xylanase in strains of P. xylanivorans. Xylanase and associated activities of P. xylanivorans have been characterized in detail in the type strain, Mz5. The aim of the present study was to identify GH10 xylanase genes in strains 2 and Mz5 of P. xylanivorans. In addition, we evaluated degradation and utilization of xylan by P. xylanivorans 2 isolated from rumen of Creole goats. After a 12-h culture, P. xylanivorans 2 was able to utilize up to 53% of the total pentose content present in birchwood xylan (BWX) and to utilize up to 62% of a ethanol-acetic acid-soluble fraction prepared from BWX. This is the first report describing the presence of GH10 xylanase-encoding genes in P. xylanivorans. Strain 2 and Mz5 contained xylanases which were related to GH10 xylanase of Butyrivibrio sp. Identifying xylanase-encoding genes and activity of these enzymes are a step toward understanding possible functional role of P. xylanivorans in the rumen ecosystem and contribute to providing an improved choice of enzymes for improving fiber digestion in ruminant animals, agricultural biomass utilization for biofuel production, and other industries.
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Evaluation of bacterial and archaeal diversity in the rumen of Xiangxi yellow cattle (Bos taurus) fed Miscanthus sinensis or common mixed feedstuff. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Gulino LM, Ouwerkerk D, Kang AYH, Maguire AJ, Kienzle M, Klieve AV. Shedding light on the microbial community of the macropod foregut using 454-amplicon pyrosequencing. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61463. [PMID: 23626688 PMCID: PMC3634081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty macropods from five locations in Queensland, Australia, grazing on a variety of native pastures were surveyed and the bacterial community of the foregut was examined using 454-amplicon pyrosequencing. Specifically, the V3/V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was examined. A total of 5040 OTUs were identified in the data set (post filtering). Thirty-two OTUs were identified as ‘shared’ OTUS (i.e. present in all samples) belonging to either Firmicutes or Bacteroidetes (Clostridiales/Bacteroidales). These phyla predominated the general microbial community in all macropods. Genera represented within the shared OTUs included: unclassified Ruminococcaceae, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, unclassified Clostridiales, Peptococcus sp. Coprococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Blautia sp., Ruminoccocus sp., Eubacterium sp., Dorea sp., Oscillospira sp. and Butyrivibrio sp. The composition of the bacterial community of the foregut samples of each the host species (Macropus rufus, Macropus giganteus and Macropus robustus) was significantly different allowing differentiation between the host species based on alpha and beta diversity measures. Specifically, eleven dominant OTUs that separated the three host species were identified and classified as: unclassified Ruminococcaceae, unclassified Bacteroidales, Prevotella spp. and a Syntrophococcus sucromutans. Putative reductive acetogens and fibrolytic bacteria were also identified in samples. Future work will investigate the presence and role of fibrolytics and acetogens in these ecosystems. Ideally, the isolation and characterization of these organisms will be used for enhanced feed efficiency in cattle, methane mitigation and potentially for other industries such as the biofuel industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maree Gulino
- Rumen Ecology Unit, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Queensland, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia.
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Soder KJ, Brito AF, Rubano MD. Effect of supplementing orchardgrass herbage with a total mixed ration or flaxseed on fermentation profile and bacterial protein synthesis in continuous culture. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:3228-37. [PMID: 23522677 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 4-unit dual-flow continuous culture fermentor system was used to evaluate the effects of supplementing fresh herbage with a total mixed ration (TMR) or flaxseed on nutrient digestibility, fermentation profile, and bacterial N synthesis. Diets were randomly assigned to fermentors in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each fermentor was fed a total of 70 g of dry matter/d of 1 of 4 diets: (1) 100% freeze-dried orchardgrass herbage (Dactylis glomerata L.; HERB), (2) 100% freeze-dried TMR (100TMR), (3) 50% orchardgrass herbage supplemented with 50% TMR (50TMR), or (4) 90% orchardgrass herbage supplemented with 10% ground flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.; FLAX). Preplanned, single degree of freedom orthogonal contrasts were constructed to assess the effects of feeding system (HERB vs. 100TMR), herbage supplementation (HERB vs. 50TMR + FLAX), and herbage supplemental source (50TMR vs. FLAX). Compared with the HERB diet, the 100TMR diet significantly reduced apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber. Herbage supplementation with 50TMR or FLAX significantly reduced or tended to reduce apparent digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber, suggesting that replacing high-quality, highly digestible fresh herbage with forage TMR likely caused depressions in nutrient digestibilities. Concentration of total volatile fatty acids, molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and isovalerate, as well as the acetate:propionate ratios were all significantly higher in fermentors fed 100TMR compared with HERB, likely in response to enhanced supply of fermentable energy. In general, feeding system, herbage supplementation, and type of supplementation did not affect N metabolism in the present study. The few significant changes in N metabolism (e.g., flows of total N and non-NH3-N) were primarily linked to increased fermentor N supply with feeding herbage-based diets (HERB and FLAX). Although TMR-based diets decreased nutrient digestibility slightly, TMR offered advantages in bacterial fermentation in relation to volatile fatty acid production, which could potentially translate into better animal performance. Flaxseed shows promise as an alternative supplement for herbage-based diets; however, further in vivo evaluation is needed to determine the optimal level to optimize animal production while reducing feed costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Soder
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Oxalic acid (OA) is a secondary compound occurring in a wide range of plants consumed by ruminants, especially in saline lands or in arid and semi-arid regions. However, its impact on the rumen microbial community and its changes over time, as well as the potential consequences on ruminal function, remain unknown. To examine this impact, five ewes fitted with a ruminal cannula and fed low-quality grass hay were dosed daily with 0.6 mmol of OA/kg body weight through the cannula for 14 days. On days 0 (before the start), 4, 7 and 14 of the administration period, samples of ruminal digesta were collected throughout the day (0, 3, 6 and 9 h after the morning feeding) for analysis of the bacterial community and fermentation parameters (pH, ammonia and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations). In addition, two feedstuffs were incubated in situ using the nylon bag technique to estimate ruminal degradation. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism was employed to monitor the dynamics of total bacteria, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to investigate the abundance of the oxalate-degrading Oxalobacter formigenes. Neither pH nor total VFA concentrations were affected. Nevertheless, OA dosing altered molar proportions of most individual VFA and ammonia concentrations (P < 0.001). The dry matter disappearance of alfalfa hay was reduced on days 7 and 14 and that of barley straw only on day 7 (P < 0.01). These slight changes were related to others observed in the relative frequency of a number of terminal restriction fragments. Variations in the ruminal microbiota occurred rapidly with OA administration, which did not modify the bacterial diversity significantly but altered the structure of the community. However, many of these changes were reversed by the end of the experiment, with no significant differences between days 0 and 14 of dosing. These results suggest a rapid adaptation of the rumen bacterial community linked to the estimated increase in the abundance of O. formigenes (from 0.002% to 0.007% of oxc gene in relation to the total bacteria 16S rDNA; P < 0.01), which is assumed to be responsible for oxalate breakdown.
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Sirohi SK, Singh N, Dagar SS, Puniya AK. Molecular tools for deciphering the microbial community structure and diversity in rumen ecosystem. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1135-54. [PMID: 22782251 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rumen microbial community comprising of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa is characterized not only by the high population density but also by the remarkable diversity and the most complex microecological interactions existing in the biological world. This unprecedented biodiversity is quite far from full elucidation as only about 15-20 % of the rumen microbes are identified and characterized till date using conventional culturing and microscopy. However, the last two decades have witnessed a paradigm shift from cumbersome and time-consuming classical methods to nucleic acid-based molecular approaches for deciphering the rumen microbial community. These techniques are rapid, reproducible and allow both the qualitative and quantitative assessment of microbial diversity. This review describes the different molecular methods and their applications in elucidating the rumen microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Sirohi
- Nutrition Biotechnology Laboratory, Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
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30
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Li RW, Wu S, Baldwin RL, Li W, Li C. Perturbation dynamics of the rumen microbiota in response to exogenous butyrate. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29392. [PMID: 22253719 PMCID: PMC3257242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of the rumen microbiota to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) has important implications in animal well-being and production. We investigated temporal changes of the rumen microbiota in response to butyrate infusion using pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Twenty one phyla were identified in the rumen microbiota of dairy cows. The rumen microbiota harbored 54.5±6.1 genera (mean ± SD) and 127.3±4.4 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), respectively. However, the core microbiome comprised of 26 genera and 82 OTUs. Butyrate infusion altered molar percentages of 3 major VFAs. Butyrate perturbation had a profound impact on the rumen microbial composition. A 72 h-infusion led to a significant change in the numbers of sequence reads derived from 4 phyla, including 2 most abundant phyla, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. As many as 19 genera and 43 OTUs were significantly impacted by butyrate infusion. Elevated butyrate levels in the rumen seemingly had a stimulating effect on butyrate-producing bacteria populations. The resilience of the rumen microbial ecosystem was evident as the abundance of the microorganisms returned to their pre-disturbed status after infusion withdrawal. Our findings provide insight into perturbation dynamics of the rumen microbial ecosystem and should guide efforts in formulating optimal uses of probiotic bacteria treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Li
- United States Department of Agriculture- Agricultural Research Service, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America.
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Fernando SC, Purvis HT, Najar FZ, Sukharnikov LO, Krehbiel CR, Nagaraja TG, Roe BA, DeSilva U. Rumen microbial population dynamics during adaptation to a high-grain diet. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:7482-90. [PMID: 20851965 PMCID: PMC2976194 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00388-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grain adaptation programs are widely used with feedlot cattle to balance enhanced growth performance against the risk of acidosis. This adaptation to a high-grain diet from a high-forage diet is known to change the rumen microbial population structure and help establish a stable microbial population within the rumen. Therefore, to evaluate bacterial population dynamics during adaptation to a high-grain diet, 4 ruminally cannulated beef steers were adapted to a high-grain diet using a step-up diet regimen containing grain and hay at ratios of 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, and 80:20. The rumen bacterial populations were evaluated at each stage of the step-up diet after 1 week of adaptation, before the steers were transitioned to the next stage of the diet, using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, 16S rRNA gene libraries, and quantitative real-time PCR. The T-RFLP analysis displayed a shift in the rumen microbial population structure during the final two stages of the step-up diet. The 16S rRNA gene libraries demonstrated two distinct rumen microbial populations in hay-fed and high-grain-fed animals and detected only 24 common operational taxonomic units out of 398 and 315, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene libraries of hay-fed animals contained a significantly higher number of bacteria belonging to the phylum Fibrobacteres, whereas the 16S rRNA gene libraries of grain-fed animals contained a significantly higher number of bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes. Real-time PCR analysis detected significant fold increases in the Megasphaera elsdenii, Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium, and Prevotella bryantii populations during adaptation to the high-concentrate (high-grain) diet, whereas the Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Fibrobacter succinogenes populations gradually decreased as the animals were adapted to the high-concentrate diet. This study evaluates the rumen microbial population using several molecular approaches and presents a broader picture of the rumen microbial population structure during adaptation to a high-grain diet from a forage diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Fernando
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - H. T. Purvis
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - F. Z. Najar
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - L. O. Sukharnikov
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - C. R. Krehbiel
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - T. G. Nagaraja
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - B. A. Roe
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - U. DeSilva
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
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PCR-DGGE-based study of fecal microbial stability during the long-term chitosan supplementation of humans. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2010; 55:352-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-010-0057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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