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Assefa T, Tesso H, Ramachandran VP, Guta L, Demissie TB, Ombito JO, Eswaramoorthy R, Melaku Y. In Silico Molecular Docking Analysis, Cytotoxicity, and Antibacterial Activities of Constituents of Fruits of Cucumis dipsaceus. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1945-1955. [PMID: 38222496 PMCID: PMC10785779 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cucumis dipsaceus (Cucurbitaceae) is a plant traditionally used against diarrhea, teeth-ach, wounds, stomach ache, meningitis, and cancer. The extracts of C. dipsaceus after silica gel column chromatography gave nine compounds identified using spectroscopic methods such as hexacosane (1), octadecane (2), 17-(-5-ethyl-2,6-dihydroxy-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-13-methylcyclopenta[α]phenanthren-3-ol (3), erythrodiol (4), (9,12)-propyl icosa-9,12-dienoate (5), α-spinasterol (6), 16-dehydroxycucurbitacin (7), cucurbitacin D (8), and 23,24-dihydroisocucurbitacin D (9). Compounds 3 and 4 are new to the genus Cucumis. α-Spinasterol showed better inhibition zone diameter = 13.67 ± 0.57, 15.00 ± 0.10, and 13.33 ± 0.57 mm against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes compared with the other tested samples. α-Spinasterol (-8.0 kcal/mol) and 3 (-7.6 kcal/mol) displayed high binding affinity against DNA Gyrase compared to ciprofloxacin (-7.3 kcal/mol). α-Spinasterol and 16-dehydroxycucurbitacin showed better binding affinity against protein kinase. The cytotoxicity results revealed that the EtOAc extract showed the highest potency with IC50 = 16.05 μg/mL. 16-Dehydroxycucurbitacin showed a higher binding affinity (-7.7 kcal/mol) against human topoisomerase IIβ than etoposide. The cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities and in silico molecular docking analysis displayed by the constituents corroborate the traditional use of the plant against bacteria and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teshale Assefa
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and
Technology University, P.O. Box, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Hailemichael Tesso
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and
Technology University, P.O. Box, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | | | - Leta Guta
- Department
of Applied Biology, Adama Science and Technology
University, P.O. Box, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Taye B. Demissie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Gaborone P/Bag 00704, Botswana
| | - Japheth O. Ombito
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Gaborone P/Bag 00704, Botswana
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Department
of Biomaterials, S Aveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences
(SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - Yadessa Melaku
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and
Technology University, P.O. Box, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
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Park HJ, Park SH. Root Extract of Trichosanthes kirilowii Suppresses Metastatic Activity of EGFR TKI-Resistant Human Lung Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Src-Mediated EMT. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1945-1957. [PMID: 37870977 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2272345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii (TK) have been used in traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In this study, we investigated whether an ethanolic root extract of TK (ETK) can regulate the metastatic potency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant human lung cancer cells. The relative migration and invasion abilities of erlotinib-resistant PC9 (PC9/ER) and gefitinib-resistant PC9 (PC9/GR) cells were higher than those of parental PC9 cells. Mesenchymal markers were overexpressed, whereas epithelial markers were downregulated in resistant cells, suggesting that resistant cells acquired the EMT phenotype. ETK reduced migration and invasion of resistant cells. The expression levels of N-cadherin and Twist were downregulated, whereas Claudin-1 was upregulated by ETK, demonstrating that ETK suppresses EMT. As a molecular mechanism, Src was dephosphorylated by ETK. The anti-metastatic effect of ETK was reduced by transfecting PC9/ER cells with a constitutively active form of c-Src. Dasatinib downregulated N-cadherin, Twist, and vimentin, suggesting that Src regulates EMT in resistant cells. Notably, CuB played a key role in mediating the anti-metastatic activity of ETK. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ETK can attenuate the metastatic ability of EGFR-TKI-resistant lung cancer cells by inhibiting Src-mediated EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, South Korea
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3
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Zieniuk B, Pawełkowicz M. Recent Advances in the Application of Cucurbitacins as Anticancer Agents. Metabolites 2023; 13:1081. [PMID: 37887406 PMCID: PMC10608718 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacins are tetracyclic triterpenoid secondary metabolites, widely distributed in the Cucurbitaceae family. These bitter-tasting compounds act primarily as defense mechanisms against external injuries, and thus against herbivores, and furthermore, they have also found use in folk medicine in the treatment of various diseases. Many studies have acknowledged significant biological activities of cucurbitacins, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, antimicrobial properties, or antitumor potential. Overall, cucurbitacins have the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Both in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to evaluate the anticancer activity of varied cucurbitacins. Cucurbitacins offer a promising avenue for future cancer treatment strategies, and their diverse mechanisms of action make them attractive candidates for further investigation. The aim of the present study is to shed light on the chemical diversity of this group of compounds by providing the sources of origin of selected compounds and their chemical structure, as well as insight into their anticancer potential. In addition, within this paper molecular targets for cucurbitacins and signalling pathways important for cancer cell proliferation and/or survival that are affected by the described class of compounds have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Zieniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Pawełkowicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Lv HW, Wang QL, Li SW, Zhu MD, Zhou ZB, Chen CC, Tong SQ, Wang H, Li XN. Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the fruits of Citrullus colocynthis. Fitoterapia 2023; 165:105405. [PMID: 36572119 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of the fruits of Citrullus colocynthis resulted in the isolation of 21 structurally diverse cucurbitane triterpenoids, including 9 previously undescribed ones, colocynins A-I (1-9). Their absolute configurations were elucidated by means of quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, CD exciton chirality method, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Colocynins A-C (1-3) represent the first examples of nonanorcucurbitane-type triterpenoids. An anti-acetylcholinesterase activity assay showed that 6, 10, 13, 18, and 20 exhibited inhibitory activities, with IC50 values ranging from 5.0 to 21.7 μM. In addition, 18 and 21 showed significant cytotoxicity against PACA, A431, and HepG2 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 0.042 to 0.60 and 3.6-14.4 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Qiao-Liang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Song-Wei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Meng-Di Zhu
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhong-Bo Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, PR China
| | - Chang-Chun Chen
- Uyghur Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang 830049, PR China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Xing-Nuo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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Lian F, Chi J, Meng Q, Li Q, Chen A, Wang Z, Dai L. Cucurbitane triterpenes from Hemsleya chinensis tubers and their anti-inflammatory activities. Fitoterapia 2023; 166:105441. [PMID: 36736744 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Six new cucurbitane-type triterpenes, hemchinins A-F (1-6), together with thirteen known ones (7-19) were isolated from ethyl acetate extraction of Hemsleya chinensis tubers. Compounds 1-2 were a group of cucurbitane triterpenes possessing an infrequent pentacyclic framework. Their structures were established by comprehensive UV, IR, HRMS, 1D/2D NMR, and ECD analyses. Bioassay results showed that most isolated compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory actions, in which compounds 13 and 15 exhibited stronger activities at 6.25 μM, with NO inhibition rates of 49.00 ± 0.05% and 48.40 ± 0.10%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihe Lian
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China
| | - Jun Chi
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China
| | - Qionglin Meng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China
| | - Qingxia Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China
| | - Anying Chen
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Liping Dai
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China.
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Development and Validation of a New Analytical HPLC-PDA Method for Simultaneous Determination of Cucurbitacins B and D from the Roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2109502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosanthes kirilowii, one of the herbal formulas named SH003, has been used for treatment in traditional medicine. This paper aimed to analyze the marker compounds from the roots of T. kirilowii and evaluate a validation method for cucurbitacins B and D using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA). Two marker compounds were identified as cucurbitacin B (1) and cucurbitacin D (2) from the roots of T. kirilowii by spectroscopic analyses. Cucurbitacins B and D peaks were well separated and were detected at 15.4 min and 12.4 min, respectively, by a UV detector at 230 nm with the linearity (R2 > 0.999) range between 5 and 250 μg/mL, limit of detections (LODs) were 1.87 μg/mL and 1.30 μg/mL, respectively, while limit of quantifications (LOQs) were 5.66 μg/mL and 3.93 μg/mL, respectively. The established method offered good precision with overall intra- and inter-day variations of 0.34–1.26 and 0.26–1.35%, respectively, for % relative standard deviation (RSD, acceptance limit %RSD <3%). The cucurbitacins B and D recoveries ranged from 99.2 to 101.7% and 98.6 to 102.0%, respectively. These results suggest that cucurbitacins B and D could be a valuable candidate for marker compounds of the extract from T. kirilowii, and the proposed method was shown applicability for quality control of SH003.
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Park HJ, Park SH. The Ethanolic Extract of Trichosanthes Kirilowii Root Exerts anti-Cancer Effects in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Resistant to EGFR TKI. Nutr Cancer 2022; 75:376-387. [PMID: 36004720 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2114509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the ethanol extract of the Trichosanthes kirilowii root (ETK), traditionally used to treat lung diseases, exhibits anticancer activity in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. ETK treatment suppressed the growth of EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC cells, including H1299, H1975, PC9/ER (erlotinib-resistant PC9) and PC9/GR (gefitinib-resistant PC9) cells, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Dose-dependent decline in anchorage-dependent and -independent colony formation was also detected following ETK treatment. We demonstrate that the growth-inhibitory effect of ETK was related to apoptosis induction, based on flow cytometry results showing ETK-induced increase in the percentage of cells with sub-G1 DNA and the population of annexin V-positive cells. Consistently, ETK induced chromatin condensation and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). As a molecular mechanism, the phosphorylation level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Src was decreased by ETK. ETK-induced apoptosis was partially reversed by transfection of constitutively activated STAT3, indicating that STAT3 inactivation mediated ETK-induced apoptosis in EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC cells. Our results provide basic evidence supporting the role of ETK as a novel therapeutic in EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Yang J, Hu DB, Xia MY, Luo JF, Li XY, Wang YH. Bioassay-guided isolation of cytotoxic constituents from the flowers of Aquilaria sinensis. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:11. [PMID: 35364755 PMCID: PMC8975978 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOH extract from the flowers of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng. (Thymelaeaceae) led to the isolation of a new cucurbitane-type triterpenoid, aquilarolide A (1), along with five known compounds (2-6). The structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments and mass spectrometry (MS) data and theoretical calculations of its electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Aquilarolide A, cucurbitacin E (3), cucurbitacin B (4), and 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (6) showed significant cytotoxicity against human lung adenocarcinoma SPC-A-1, human lung squamous cell carcinoma NCI-H520, human lung adenocarcinoma A549, and paclitaxel-resistant A549 (A549/Taxol) cell lines. All four active compounds, with IC50 values ranging from 0.002 to 0.91 μM, had better inhibitory activities against A549/Taxol cells than paclitaxel (IC50 = 1.80 μM). Among them, cucurbitacin E (IC50 = 0.002 μM) is the most active. Further studies are needed to evaluate their in vivo antitumor activities and to clarify their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Bao Hu
- School of Chemical Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Feng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Yu Li
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Hu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Nakashima S, Oda Y, Morita M, Ohta A, Morikawa T, Matsuda H, Nakamura S. Analysis of Active Compounds Using Target Protein Cofilin―Cucurbitacins in Cytotoxic Plant Bryonia cretica. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030212. [PMID: 35324709 PMCID: PMC8955846 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined a two-step target protein binding strategy that uses cofilin as the target protein to analyze the active constituents in Bryonia cretica. In the first step, we prepared the target protein, and used it to analyze the compounds binding to it in the second step. We used the methanolic extract of B. cretica as a library of possible active compounds. We conducted LC–MS analysis using information from our previous study. The peaks in the HPLC profile were identified as cucurbitacin D, isocucurbitacin D, and cucurbitacin I. As far as we know, there is no known study of the activity of isocucurbitacin D in this research field. Therefore, we examined the effects of isocucurbitacin D on cell proliferation and cofilin protein in human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080 to confirm the effectiveness of this strategy. The cytotoxicity assay, the fibrous/globular actin ratio assay, and the immunoblotting analysis revealed that isocucurbitacin D showed a cytotoxic effect with disruption of target protein cofilin. The target protein binding strategy is a direct and straightforward method for finding new drug seeds from crude sources, such as natural plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souichi Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.M.); (A.O.); (H.M.); (S.N.)
- NPR Medical Resource Laboratory, Kyoto 604-0924, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Yoshimi Oda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.M.); (A.O.); (H.M.); (S.N.)
| | - Moeko Morita
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.M.); (A.O.); (H.M.); (S.N.)
| | - Ayako Ohta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.M.); (A.O.); (H.M.); (S.N.)
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan;
| | - Hisashi Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.M.); (A.O.); (H.M.); (S.N.)
- NPR Medical Resource Laboratory, Kyoto 604-0924, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan;
| | - Seikou Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.M.); (A.O.); (H.M.); (S.N.)
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Suebsakwong P, Chulrik W, Chunglok W, Li JX, Yao ZJ, Suksamrarn A. New triterpenoid saponin glycosides from the fruit fibers ofTrichosanthes cucumerinaL. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10461-10470. [PMID: 35492927 PMCID: PMC9050392 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01176b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Five new triterpenoid saponin glycosides, trichocucumerisides A–E (1–5), together with eleven known compounds (6–16) were isolated from Trichosanthes cucumerina fruit fibers. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed analysis of NMR and mass spectroscopic data as well as chemical reactions. The anti-inflammatory study against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells shows that compounds 7 and 9 exhibited stronger NO inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 3.0 and 2.7 μM, respectively, with comparison to positive references Celecoxib and aminoguanidine (IC50 values 75.7 and 75.0 μM, respectively). Compounds 7 and 9 also possessed a greater selectivity index (SI) of approximately 3–4-fold activity than that of the positive references. The new glycosides 1–5, together with eleven known compounds were isolated. Two compounds exhibited more potent anti-inflammatory activity than Celecoxib and aminoguanidine reference compounds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichat Suebsakwong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Ramkhamhaeng University
- Bangkok 10240
- Thailand
| | - Wanatsanan Chulrik
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Research Institute for Health Sciences
- Walailak University
- Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161
- Thailand
| | - Warangkana Chunglok
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Research Institute for Health Sciences
- Walailak University
- Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161
- Thailand
| | - Jian-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Zhu-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Ramkhamhaeng University
- Bangkok 10240
- Thailand
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Suebsakwong P, Wang J, Khetkam P, Weerapreeyakul N, Wu J, Du Y, Yao ZJ, Li JX, Suksamrarn A. A Bioreductive Prodrug of Cucurbitacin B Significantly Inhibits Tumor Growth in the 4T1 Xenograft Mice Model. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1400-1406. [PMID: 31620225 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacin B (CuB), a highly cytotoxic constituent of the Cucurbitaceae plant, was identified to exhibit potent inhibitory activity against human cancer cells as well as normal cells. This disadvantage hampers the possibility of developing this compound into an anticancer drug candidate. In this work, several bioreductive prodrugs of CuB were designed to reduce toxicity to normal cells while maintaining the cytotoxic effect to cancer cells. Embedded with a bioreductive delivery and cleavable system in cancer tissues, cucurbitacin B-based prodrugs 1, 2, and 3 were synthesized and evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Compared with the parent CuB, prodrug 1 was found to significantly reduce the toxicity down to 310-fold lower against noncancerous cells. LC-MS analyses show that prodrug 1 efficiently releases the parent compound in the reductase-overexpressed MCF-7 cells. In addition, prodrug 1 shows satisfactory and comparable effectiveness in controlling tumor growth as that by tamoxifen in the 4T1 xenograft mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichat Suebsakwong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Phorntip Khetkam
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | | | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jian-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
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Kumar S, Sharma K, Sahai M, Maurya R. A New Cucurbitacin Glucoside from Luffa graveolense. Chem Nat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-019-02722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Yu X, Tang L, Wu H, Zhang X, Luo H, Guo R, Xu M, Yang H, Fan J, Wang Z, Su R. Trichosanthis Fructus: botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:177-194. [PMID: 29842965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trichosanthis Fructus (ripe fruits of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. and Trichosanthes rosthornii Harms) is an essential traditional Chinese medicine to treat thoracic obstruction, angina, cardiac failure, myocardial infarction, pulmonary heart disease, some cerebral ischaemic diseases, etc. The present report reviews the advancements in research on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Trichosanthis Fructus. Finally, perspectives on future research and its possible directions are discussed. AIM OF THE STUDY This review provides up-to-date information about the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and quality control of Trichosanthis Fructus and discusses the perspectives on future research and possible directions of this traditional Chinese Medicine and its origin plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information on Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. and Trichosanthes rosthornii Harms was collected from published scientific materials, including books; monographs on medicinal plants; pharmacopoeia and electronic databases such as SCI finder, PubMed, Web of Science, ACS, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, Taylor, CNKI and Google Scholar. RESULTS Approximately 162 compounds, including terpenoids, phytosterols, flavonoids, nitrogenous compounds and lignans, have been isolated and identified from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. and Trichosanthes rosthornii Harms. Numerous studies have shown that the extracts and compounds isolated from these two plants exhibit pharmacological activities, including protection against myocardial ischaemia, calcium antagonist, endothelial cell protection, anti-hypoxic, anti-platelet aggregation, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antioxidant. CONCLUSIONS Trichosanthis Fructus is an essential traditional Chinese medicine with pharmacological activities that mainly affect the cardiovascular system. This review summarises its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Future research is needed to clarify the different uses of the seeds, pericarps and fruits. Quality control of investigations of the fruits should be improved, and the potential uses of the flesh, leaves and twigs should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankuo Yu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Liying Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hanyan Luo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Rixin Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mengying Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jianwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shandong 276006, China
| | - Zhuju Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Ruiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shandong 276006, China.
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Tang Y, Li W, Cao J, Li W, Zhao Y. Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of cytotoxic compounds from Bolbostemma paniculatum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:18-23. [PMID: 25882313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet (B. paniculatum), also named "Tu-bei-mu" in Chinese folk medicines, has been described in application for the treatment of tumors, warts, inflammation and toxication in traditional Chinese medicinal books. The major constituents in B. paniculatum are triterpenoid saponins, which have been proved to possess dramatically cytotoxic activity and antivirus activity. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the active triterpenoid saponin from the bulb of B. paniculatum by a bioassay-guided method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four cucurbitacine triterpenoid sapogenins and 11 triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the active EtOAc and n-BuOH extract of B. paniculatum by using bioassay-guided screening. Their structures were elucidated based on the spectroscopic methods and compared with published data. Cytotoxic activities of isolated compounds were determined by MTT assay. RESULTS Four cucurbitacine triterpenoid sapogenins, isocucurbitacin B(1), 23,24-dihydroisocucurbitacin B(2), cucurbitacin E(3), 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin E(4), and 11 triterpenoid saponins, tubeimosideI(5), tubeimoside III(6), tubeimoside V(7), dexylosyltubeimoside III(8), lobatoside C(9), tubeimoside A(10), tumeimoside B(11), lobatoside A(12), tubeimoside C(13), tubeimoside IV(14), 7β,18,20,26-tetrahydroxy-(20S)-dammar-24E-en-3-O-α-L-(4-acetyl)arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside(15) were isolated from the active EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts. Of them, compounds 2, 4, 9 and 12 were firstly isolated from the Bolbostemma genus. MTT assay revealed that compounds 1, 3 and 4 had significantly activities against HeLa and HT-29 human cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.93 to 9.73μM. It is worth mentioning that compound 4׳s activities against the two cell lines are 12- and 8-fold that of the positive control drug (5-Fu). Whereas, the cyclic bisdesmosides 5-9 exerted significantly activities on BGC-823, HeLa, HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 1.30 to 15.64μM. And 6׳s activities against the four cell lines are 6-, 3-, 10- and 16-fold that of 5-Fu and 8׳s activities against the four cell lines are 5-, 3-, 14- and 9-fold that of 5-Fu. CONCLUSION The cytotoxic activity of the bulbs of B. paniculatum is mainly ascribable to cucurbitacine triterpenoid sapogenins (1-4) and the cyclic bisdesmosides (5-9). The cyclic bisdesmosides are the main anti-cancer active compounds of B. paniculatum. The above results provide scientific evidence to support, to some extent, the ethnomedicinal use of B. paniculatum as anticancer remedies in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, PR China
| | - Jiaqing Cao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Minh CV, Nhiem NX, Yen HT, Kiem PV, Tai BH, Le Tuan Anh H, Hien TTT, Park S, Kim N, Kim SH. Chemical constituents of Trichosanthes kirilowii and their cytotoxic activities. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1443-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Siqueira JM, Gazola AC, Farias MR, Volkov L, Rivard N, de Brum-Fernandes AJ, Ribeiro-do-Valle RM. Evaluation of the antitumoral effect of dihydrocucurbitacin-B in both in vitro and in vivo models. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 64:529-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-008-0901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Multi-channel counter-current chromatography for high-throughput fractionation of natural products for drug discovery. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1180:99-107. [PMID: 18166193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A multi-channel counter-current chromatography (CCC) method has been designed and fabricated for the high-throughput fractionation of natural products without complications sometimes encountered with other conventional chromatographic systems, such as irreversible adsorptive constituent losses and deactivation, tailing of solute peaks and contamination. It has multiple independent CCC channels and each channel connects independent separation column(s) by parallel flow tubes, and thus the multi-channel CCC apparatus can achieve simultaneously two or more independent chromatographic processes. Furthermore, a high-throughput CCC fractionation method for natural products has been developed by a combination of a new three-channel CCC apparatus and conventional parallel chromatographic devices including pumps, sample injectors, effluent detectors and collectors, and its performance has been displayed on the fractionation of ethyl acetate extracts of three natural materials Solidago canadensis, Suillus placidus, and Trichosanthes kirilowii, which are found to be potent cytotoxic to tumor cell lines in the course of screening the antitumor candidates. By combination of biological screening programs and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification, 22.8 mg 6 beta-angeloyloxykolavenic acid and 29.4 mg 6 beta-tigloyloxykolavenic acid for S. canadensis, 25.3mg suillin for S. placidus, and 6.8 mg 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin B for T. Kirilowii as their major cytotoxic principles were isolated from each 1000 mg crude ethyl acetate extract. Their chemical structures were characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. The overall results indicate the multi-channel CCC is very useful for high-throughput fractionation of natural products for drug discovery in spite of the solvent balancing requirement and the lower resolution of the shorter CCC columns.
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Yang L, Wu S, Zhang Q, Liu F, Wu P. 23,24-Dihydrocucurbitacin B induces G2/M cell-cycle arrest and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in human breast cancer cells (Bcap37). Cancer Lett 2007; 256:267-78. [PMID: 17681423 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Revised: 06/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
23,24-Dihydrocucurbitacin B (DHCB), a cucurbitacin-derived compound known to posses anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, DHCB, isolated from roots of Trichosanthes kirilowli which is a traditional Chinese herb medicine used as treatments for cancer and other diseases, has been found to inhibit the proliferation of human cancer cell lines Bcap37, HeLa, SW620, SMMC-7721, K562 and MCF-7 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cell line Bcap37 at low concentration. DHCB-induced Bcap37 apoptosis was characterized with the changes in nuclear morphology, DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-like activities, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, release of cytochrome c into cytosol. The cell death was partly prevented by a caspase-family inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. The results suggest that DHCB-induced Bcap37 apoptosis through mitochondrial dependent pathway. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that at the lower dose of 1.8 and 3.6muM, DHCB-induced cancer cell lines death via an apoptotic process rather than necrotic one; whereas, the higher dose of 8.9, 17.9 and 35.7muM induced cell death via the necrotic process. Cell-cycle analysis demonstrated DHCB induction of G(2)/M phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. The overall results suggest that DHCB might have the therapeutic value against human cancer cell lines, especially the breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Zhejiang University, Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Chen JC, Chiu MH, Nie RL, Cordell GA, Qiu SX. Cucurbitacins and cucurbitane glycosides: structures and biological activities. Nat Prod Rep 2005; 22:386-99. [PMID: 16010347 DOI: 10.1039/b418841c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The natural cucurbitacins constitute a group of triterpenoid substances which are well-known for their bitterness and toxicity. Structurally, they are characterized by the tetracyclic cucurbitane nucleus skeleton, namely, 19-(10-->9beta)-abeo-10alpha-lanost-5-ene (also known as 9beta-methyl-19-norlanosta-5-ene), with a variety of oxygen substitutions at different positions. According to the characteristics of their structures, cucurbitacins are divided into twelve categories. The biological effects of the cucurbitacins are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, P.R. China
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Kim DK, Choi SH, Lee JO, Ryu SY, Park DK, Shin DH, Jung JH, Pyo SK, Lee KR, Zee OP. Cytotoxic constituents ofSorbaria sorbifolia var.stellipila. Arch Pharm Res 1997; 20:85-7. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02974048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/1996] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Ryu SY, Choi SU, Lee SH, Lee CO, No Z, Ahn JW. Antitumor triterpenes from medicinal plants. Arch Pharm Res 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02974180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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