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Cruz FM, Chan A, Rock KL. Pathways of MHC I cross-presentation of exogenous antigens. Semin Immunol 2023; 66:101729. [PMID: 36804685 PMCID: PMC10023513 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytes, particularly dendritic cells (DCs), generate peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I complexes from antigens they have collected from cells in tissues and report this information to CD8 T cells in a process called cross-presentation. This process allows CD8 T cells to detect, respond and eliminate abnormal cells, such as cancers or cells infected with viruses or intracellular microbes. In some settings, cross-presentation can help tolerize CD8 T cells to self-antigens. One of the principal ways that DCs acquire tissue antigens is by ingesting this material through phagocytosis. The resulting phagosomes are key hubs in the cross-presentation (XPT) process and in fact experimentally conferring the ability to phagocytize antigens can be sufficient to allow non-professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) to cross-present. Once in phagosomes, exogenous antigens can be cross-presented (XPTed) through three distinct pathways. There is a vacuolar pathway in which peptides are generated and then bind to MHC I molecules within the confines of the vacuole. Ingested exogenous antigens can also be exported from phagosomes to the cytosol upon vesicular rupture and/or possibly transport. Once in the cytosol, the antigen is degraded by the proteasome and the resulting oligopeptides can be transported to MHC I molecule in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (a phagosome-to-cytosol (P2C) pathway) or in phagosomes (a phagosome-to-cytosol-to-phagosome (P2C2P) pathway). Here we review how phagosomes acquire the necessary molecular components that support these three mechanisms and the contribution of these pathways. We describe what is known as well as the gaps in our understanding of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freidrich M Cruz
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Amanda Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kenneth L Rock
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Kim SH, Moon JH, Jeong SU, Jung HH, Park CS, Hwang BY, Lee CK. Induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance using biodegradable nanoparticles containing antigen and dexamethasone. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5229-5242. [PMID: 31371958 PMCID: PMC6636315 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s210546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dexamethasone (Dex) has long been used as a potent immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, despite serious side effects. In the present study, Dex and model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) were encapsulated with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) to deliver Dex and OVA preferentially to phagocytic cells, reducing systemic side effects of Dex. The OVA-specific immune tolerance-inducing activity of the nanoparticles (NPs) was examined. Methods Polymeric NPs containing OVA and Dex (NP[OVA+Dex]) were prepared by the water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The effects of NP[OVA+Dex] on the maturation and function of immature dendritic cells (DCs) were examined in vitro. Furthermore, the OVA-specific immune tolerizing effects of NP[OVA+Dex] were confirmed in mice that were intravenously injected or orally fed with the NPs. Results Immature DCs treated in vitro with NP[OVA+Dex] did not mature into immunogenic DCs but instead were converted into tolerogenic DCs. Furthermore, profoundly suppressed generation of OVA-specific cytotoxic T cells and production of OVA-specific IgG were observed in mice injected with NP[OVA+Dex], whereas regulatory T cells were concomitantly increased. Feeding of mice with NP[OVA+Dex] also induced OVA-specific immune tolerance. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that oral feeding as well as intravenous injection of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) NPs encapsulating both antigen and Dex is a useful means of inducing antigen-specific immune tolerance, which is crucial for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeok Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seong-Un Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ho-Hyun Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chan-Su Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Cho JJ, Stewart JM, Drashansky TT, Brusko MA, Zuniga AN, Lorentsen KJ, Keselowsky BG, Avram D. An antigen-specific semi-therapeutic treatment with local delivery of tolerogenic factors through a dual-sized microparticle system blocks experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Biomaterials 2017; 143:79-92. [PMID: 28772190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-specific treatments are highly desirable for autoimmune diseases in contrast to treatments which induce systemic immunosuppression. A novel antigen-specific therapy has been developed which, when administered semi-therapeutically, is highly efficacious in the treatment of the mouse model for multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The treatment uses dual-sized, polymeric microparticles (dMPs) loaded with specific antigen and tolerizing factors for intra- and extra-cellular delivery, designed to recruit and modulate dendritic cells toward a tolerogenic phenotype without systemic release. This approach demonstrated robust efficacy and provided complete protection against disease. Therapeutic efficacy required encapsulation of the factors in controlled-release microparticles and was antigen-specific. Disease blocking was associated with a reduction of infiltrating CD4+ T cells, inflammatory cytokine-producing pathogenic CD4+ T cells, and activated macrophages and microglia in the central nervous system. Furthermore, CD4+ T cells isolated from dMP-treated mice were anergic in response to disease-specific, antigen-loaded splenocytes. Additionally, the frequency of CD86hiMHCIIhi dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes of EAE mice treated with Ag-specific dMPs was reduced. Our findings highlight the efficacy of microparticle-based drug delivery platform to mediate antigen-specific tolerance, and suggest that such a multi-factor combinatorial approach can act to block autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Cho
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Joshua M Stewart
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Theodore T Drashansky
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Maigan A Brusko
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ashley N Zuniga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kyle J Lorentsen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Benjamin G Keselowsky
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Dorina Avram
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Kaur L, Sharma A, Yadav AK, Mishra N. Recent advances on biodegradable polymeric carrier-based mucosal immunization: an overview. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:452-464. [PMID: 28685588 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1345927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal administration of vaccine is most prevalent way to induce desired immunity against various types of antigen and microbial in central and in addition, the peripheral blood in most external mucosal surface. Mucosal delivery of vaccine provides both humoral and cellular responses against mucosal infection. Mucosa, which are exposed to heavy loads of commensal and pathogenic microorganism, are one of the main region where infections are built up, also, thus have frontline status in immunity, making mucosa perfect site for vaccines application. The nasal route is favoured over parenteral route due to ease of administration, protection of antigen from degradation and induces sIgA which is not produced by systemic immunity. Natural and synthetic polymers are utilized to get nanoparticles carrier systems for development of nasal mucosal antibodies. The present review summarized the recent development in the field of vaccine delivery by means of mucoadhesive polymeric carriers. This review also describes the recent patent conceded for mucosal immunization utilizing these polymeric carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovedeep Kaur
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Ankush Sharma
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Awesh Kumar Yadav
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , Bhagyoday Tirth Pharmacy, College , Sagar , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
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Dhakal S, Hiremath J, Bondra K, Lakshmanappa YS, Shyu DL, Ouyang K, Kang KI, Binjawadagi B, Goodman J, Tabynov K, Krakowka S, Narasimhan B, Lee CW, Renukaradhya GJ. Biodegradable nanoparticle delivery of inactivated swine influenza virus vaccine provides heterologous cell-mediated immune response in pigs. J Control Release 2017; 247:194-205. [PMID: 28057521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Swine influenza virus (SwIV) is one of the important zoonotic pathogens. Current flu vaccines have failed to provide cross-protection against evolving viruses in the field. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable FDA approved polymer and widely used in drug and vaccine delivery. In this study, inactivated SwIV H1N2 antigens (KAg) encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA-KAg) were prepared, which were spherical in shape with 200 to 300nm diameter, and induced maturation of antigen presenting cells in vitro. Pigs vaccinated twice with PLGA-KAg via intranasal route showed increased antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation and enhanced the frequency of T-helper/memory and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In PLGA-KAg vaccinated and heterologous SwIV H1N1 challenged pigs, clinical flu symptoms were absent, while the control pigs had fever for four days. Grossly and microscopically, reduced lung pathology and viral antigenic mass in the lung sections with clearance of infectious challenge virus in most of the PLGA-KAg vaccinated pig lung airways were observed. Immunologically, PLGA-KAg vaccine irrespective of not significantly boosting the mucosal antibody response, it augmented the frequency of IFN-γ secreting total T cells, T-helper and CTLs against both H1N2 and H1N1 SwIV. In summary, inactivated influenza virus delivered through PLGA-NPs reduced the clinical disease and induced cross-protective cell-mediated immune response in a pig model. Our data confirmed the utility of a pig model for intranasal particulate flu vaccine delivery platform to control flu in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kathryn Bondra
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Duan-Liang Shyu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kyung-Il Kang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan Goodman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kairat Tabynov
- The Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Zhambylskaya Oblast, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Steven Krakowka
- The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Sainz V, Peres C, Ciman T, Rodrigues C, Viana AS, Afonso CAM, Barata T, Brocchini S, Zloh M, Gaspar RS, Florindo HF, Lopes JA. Optimization of protein loaded PLGA nanoparticle manufacturing parameters following a quality-by-design approach. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19092h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the development of a multivariate-based regression model for estimating the critical attributes to establish a design-space for poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles prepared by a double emulsion–solvent evaporation method.
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Walters AA, Krastev C, Hill AVS, Milicic A. Next generation vaccines: single-dose encapsulated vaccines for improved global immunisation coverage and efficacy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:400-8. [PMID: 25644530 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vaccination is considered the most successful health intervention; yet incomplete immunisation coverage continues to risk outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases worldwide. Vaccination coverage improvement through a single-dose prime-boost technology would revolutionise modern vaccinology, impacting on disease prevalence, significantly benefiting health care and lowering economic burden of disease. KEY FINDINGS Over the past 30 years, there have been efforts to develop a single-dose delayed release vaccine technology that could replace the repeated prime-boost immunisations required for many current vaccines. Biocompatible polymers have been employed to encapsulate model vaccines for delayed delivery in vivo, using either continuous or pulsed release. Biomaterial considerations, safety aspects, particle characteristics and immunological aspects of this approach are discussed in detail. SUMMARY Despite many studies showing the feasibility of vaccine encapsulation for single-dose prime-boost administration, none have been translated into convincing utility in animal models or human trials. Further development of the encapsulation technology, through optimising the particle composition, formulation, antigen loading efficacy and stability, could lead to the application of this important approach in vaccine deployment. If successful, this would provide a solution to better global vaccination coverage through a reduction in the number of immunisations needed to achieve protection against infectious diseases. This review provides an overview of single-dose vaccination in the context of today's vaccine needs and is derived from a body of literature that has not been reviewed for over a decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Walters
- ORCRB, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Heo MB, Cho MY, Lim YT. Polymer nanoparticles for enhanced immune response: combined delivery of tumor antigen and small interference RNA for immunosuppressive gene to dendritic cells. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2169-76. [PMID: 24394635 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report on polymer nanoparticles (NPs) that can induce an enhanced immune response in dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy by the combined delivery of tumor antigen and small interference RNA (siRNA) for the immunosuppressive gene to DCs. DCs are specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that capture, process and present antigens and induce an antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. Because the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is a negative regulator of the APC-based immune response, the inhibition of SOCS1 gene expression is essential for DCs to enhance antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity. Multifunctional poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs that can deliver tumor antigen and siRNA for immunosuppressive SOCS1 genes to DCs simultaneously were fabricated by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. We have found that the encapsulation efficiency of small-sized and hydrophilic SOCS1 siRNA into hydrophobic PLGA matrix is drastically enhanced by the help of a tumor model antigen such as ovalbumin (OVA), and the encapsulation efficiency of siRNA in PLGA (SOCS1 siRNA only) NPs and PLGA (OVA/SOCS1 siRNA) NPs was ∼2% and 57.6%, respectively. PLGA (OVA/SOCS1 siRNA) NPs were efficiently taken up by bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and showed no detectable toxic effect. The knockdown of SOCS1 in BMDCs by PLGA (OVA/SOCS1 siRNA) NPs enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12 and IL-2) expression. Additionally, PLGA (OVA/SOCS1 siRNA) NP-treated BMDCs could elicit an immune response through cross-presentation in OVA-specific CD8 T cells that express IL-2 cytokine. Taken together, the combined delivery of NPs that can deliver both tumor antigen and immunosuppressive gene siRNA to BMDCs simultaneously could be a potent strategy to enhance immunotherapeutic effects in BMDC-based cancer therapy.
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Wilson JT, Keller S, Manganiello MJ, Cheng C, Lee CC, Opara C, Convertine A, Stayton PS. pH-Responsive nanoparticle vaccines for dual-delivery of antigens and immunostimulatory oligonucleotides. ACS NANO 2013; 7:3912-25. [PMID: 23590591 PMCID: PMC4042837 DOI: 10.1021/nn305466z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein subunit vaccines offer important potential advantages over live vaccine vectors but generally elicit weaker and shorter-lived cellular immune responses. Here we investigate the use of pH-responsive, endosomolytic polymer nanoparticles that were originally developed for RNA delivery as vaccine delivery vehicles for enhancing cellular and humoral immune responses. Micellar nanoparticles were assembled from amphiphilic diblock copolymers composed of an ampholytic core-forming block and a redesigned polycationic corona block doped with thiol-reactive pyridyl disulfide groups to enable dual-delivery of antigens and immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) adjuvants. Polymers assembled into 23 nm particles with simultaneous packaging of CpG ODN and a thiolated protein antigen, ovalbumin (ova). Conjugation of ova to nanoparticles significantly enhanced antigen cross-presentation in vitro relative to free ova or an unconjugated, physical mixture of the parent compounds. Subcutaneous vaccination of mice with ova-nanoparticle conjugates elicited a significantly higher CD8(+) T cell response (0.5% IFN-γ(+) of CD8(+)) compared to mice vaccinated with free ova or a physical mixture of the two components. Significantly, immunization with ova-nanoparticle conjugates electrostatically complexed with CpG ODN (dual-delivery) enhanced CD8(+) T cell responses (3.4% IFN-γ(+) of CD8(+)) 7-, 18-, and 8-fold relative to immunization with conjugates, ova administered with free CpG, or a formulation containing free ova and CpG complexed to micelles, respectively. Similarly, dual-delivery carriers significantly increased CD4(+)IFN-γ(+) (Th1) responses and elicited a balanced IgG1/IgG2c antibody response. Intradermal administration further augmented cellular immune responses, with dual-delivery carriers inducing ∼7% antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. This work demonstrates the ability of pH-responsive, endosomolytic nanoparticles to actively promote antigen cross-presentation and augment cellular and humoral immune responses via dual-delivery of protein antigens and CpG ODN. Hence, pH-responsive polymeric nanoparticles offer promise as a delivery platform for protein subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick S. Stayton
- Corresponding Author Box 355061, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195- 1721. Tel: (206) 685-8148.
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Abstract
Elevated understanding and respect for the relevance of the immune system in cancer development and therapy has led to increased development of immunotherapeutic regimens that target existing cancer cells and provide long-term immune surveillance and protection from cancer recurrence. This review discusses using particles as immune adjuvants to create vaccines and to augment the anticancer effects of conventional chemotherapeutics. Several particle prototypes are presented, including liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, and porous silicon microparticles, the latter existing as either single- or multiparticle platforms. The benefits of using particles include immune-cell targeting, codelivery of antigens and immunomodulatory agents, and sustained release of the therapeutic payload. Nanotherapeutic-based activation of the immune system is dependent on both intrinsic particle characteristics and on the immunomodulatory cargo, which may include danger signals known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns and cytokines for effector-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Elena Serda
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Lee YR, Lee YH, Kim KH, Im SA, Lee CK. Induction of Potent Antigen-specific Cytotoxic T Cell Response by PLGA-nanoparticles Containing Antigen and TLR Agonist. Immune Netw 2013; 13:30-3. [PMID: 23559898 PMCID: PMC3607708 DOI: 10.4110/in.2013.13.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we showed that biodegradable nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) together with ovalbumin (OVA) were efficient at inducing MHC-restricted presentation of OVA peptides in dendritic cells. The CTL-inducing activities of the nanoparticles were examined in the present study. Nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG ODN together with OVA were prepared using biodegradable polymer poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), and then were opsonized with mouse IgG. The nanoparticles were injected into the tail vein of mice, and 7 days later the OVA-specific CTL activities were measured using an in vivo CTL assay. Immunization of mice with the nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG ODN together with OVA elicited potent OVA-specific CTL activity compared to those containing OVA only. In accordance with these results, nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG ODN together with OVA exerted potent antitumor activity in mice that were subcutaneously implanted with EG7.OVA tumor cells. These results show that encapsulation of poly-IC or CpG ODN together with antigen in biodegradable nanoparticles is an effective approach for the induction of potent antigen-specific CTL responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ran Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Joshi MD, Unger WJ, Storm G, van Kooyk Y, Mastrobattista E. Targeting tumor antigens to dendritic cells using particulate carriers. J Control Release 2012; 161:25-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Park S, Im SA, Kim KH, Lee CK. Immunomodulatory Effects of Hypocrellin A on MHC-restricted Antigen Processing. Immune Netw 2011; 11:412-5. [PMID: 22346783 PMCID: PMC3275712 DOI: 10.4110/in.2011.11.6.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypocrellin A has gained much attention in recent years due to its light-induced antitumor, antifungal and antiviral activities. Here we report that hypocrellin A exerts immunomodulatory effects on MHC-restricted presentation of antigen. Hypocrellin A inhibited class II-MHC restricted presentation of exogenous antigen, but not class I MHC-restricted presentation of exogenous antigen, in dendritic cells. Hypocrellin A also inhibited the cytosolic pathway of endogenous antigen presentation. However, hypocrellin A did not inhibit the expression of class I and class II MHC molecules on dendritic cells (DCs), the phagocytic activity of DCs, or the H-2K(b)-restricted presentation of a synthetic peptide, SIINFEKL. These results show that hypocrellin A differentially modulates the MHC-restricted antigen presentation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunim Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Lee YR, Lee YH, Im SA, Kim K, Lee CK. Formulation and Characterization of Antigen-loaded PLGA Nanoparticles for Efficient Cross-priming of the Antigen. Immune Netw 2011; 11:163-8. [PMID: 21860609 PMCID: PMC3153668 DOI: 10.4110/in.2011.11.3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nanoparticles (NPs) prepared from biodegradable polymers, such as poly (D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), have been studied as vehicles for the delivery of antigens to phagocytes. This paper describes the preparation of antigen-loaded PLGA-NPs for efficient cross-priming. Methods NPs containing a similar amount of ovalbumin (OVA) but different sizes were produced using a micromixer-based W/O/W solvent evaporation procedure, and the efficiency of the NPs to induce the cross-presentation of OVA peptides were examined in dendritic cells (DCs). Cellular uptake and biodistribution studies were performed using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-loaded NPs in mice. Results The NPs in the range of 1.1~1.4µm in size were the most and almost equally efficient in inducing the cross-presentation of OVA peptides via H-2Kb molecules. Cellular uptake and biodistribution studies showed that opsonization of the NPs with mouse IgG greatly increased the percentage of FITC-positive cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. The major cell type of FITC-positive cells in the spleen was macrophages, whereas that of lymph nodes was DCs. Conclusion These results show that IgG-opsonized PLGA-NPs with a mean size of 1.1µm would be the choice of biodegradable carriers for the targeted-delivery of protein antigens for cross-priming in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ran Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Keselowsky BG, Xia CQ, Clare-Salzler M. Multifunctional dendritic cell-targeting polymeric microparticles: engineering new vaccines for type 1 diabetes. HUMAN VACCINES 2011; 7:37-44. [PMID: 21157186 DOI: 10.4161/hv.7.1.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Keselowsky
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Im SA, Wang W, Lee CK, Lee YN. Activation of Macrophages by Exopolysaccharide Produced by MK1 Bacterial Strain Isolated from Neungee Mushroom, Sarcodon aspratus. Immune Netw 2010; 10:230-8. [PMID: 21286384 PMCID: PMC3026943 DOI: 10.4110/in.2010.10.6.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The MK1 strain, a novel bacterial isolate from soft-rotten tissue of the Neungee mushroom, produces copious amounts of exopolysaccharide (EPS) in a dextrose minimal medium. This study examined the molecular characteristics and immunomodulatory activity of MK1 EPS. Methods The EPS in the culture supernatant was purified by cold ethanol precipitation, and characterized by SDS-PAGE/silver staining and Bio-HPLC. The immunomodulatory activities of the EPS were examined using the mouse monocytic cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. Results The molecular weights of the purified EPS were rather heterogeneous, ranging from 10.6 to 55 kDa. The EPS was composed of glucose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, and glucosamine at an approximate molar ratio of 1.00:0.8:0.71:0.29:0.21. EPS activated the RAW cells to produce cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, and nitric oxide (NO). EPS also induced the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, such as B7-1, B7-2 and ICAM-1, and increased the phagocytic activity. The macrophage-activating activity of EPS was not due to endotoxin contamination because the treatment of EPS with polymyin B did not reduce the macrophage-activating activity. Conclusion The EPS produced from the MK1 strain exerts macrophage-activating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-A Im
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Han R, Zhu J, Yang X, Xu H. Surface modification of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles with protamine enhanced cross-presentation of encapsulated ovalbumin by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 96:142-9. [PMID: 21105162 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cross-presentation is the key process in stimulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune response in eliminating many infectious diseases and tumors. Previous studies have shown that surface modification of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles with polycations enhanced their adjuvant ability resulting in a strong antibody response to the encapsulated antigen. However, the in vitro cross-presentation by protamine-coated PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) has not been addressed yet. In this study, a model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) was encapsulated into PLGA nanoparticles, with (OVA-NPs/protamine) or without protamine coating (OVA-NPs). These nanoparticles were then used to stimulate murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Flow cytometry analysis revealed an increase in endocytosis of protamine-coated PLGA nanoparticles by BMDCs at 37°C. Compared with OVA-NPs-treated BMDCs, stimulation with OVA-NPs/protamine led to significantly upregulation of CD80, CD86, and CD83, increased secretion of IL-12p70, and decreased production of IL-4 by BMDCs. Furthermore, OVA-NPs/protamine-treated BMDCs also showed an enhanced cross-presentation to B3Z T cell hybridoma in vitro. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study showed that protamine-coated PLGA nanoparticles escaped from lysosomes through the interaction with lysosomal membrane. These results demonstrated that protamine-coated PLGA nanoparticles could enhance the cross-presentation of encapsulated exogenous antigen by facilitating antigen uptake and lysosomal escape, suggesting the feasibility to be a potent adjuvant for cellular vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Antigen delivery to dendritic cells by poly(propylene sulfide) nanoparticles with disulfide conjugated peptides: Cross-presentation and T cell activation. Vaccine 2010; 28:7897-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Molavi O, Mahmud A, Hamdy S, Hung RW, Lai R, Samuel J, Lavasanifar A. Development of a Poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticle Formulation of STAT3 Inhibitor JSI-124: Implication for Cancer Immunotherapy. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:364-74. [DOI: 10.1021/mp900145g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ommoleila Molavi
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2N8, Canada, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, Canada, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R7, Canada, and Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Abdullah Mahmud
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2N8, Canada, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, Canada, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R7, Canada, and Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Samar Hamdy
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2N8, Canada, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, Canada, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R7, Canada, and Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Ryan W. Hung
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2N8, Canada, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, Canada, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R7, Canada, and Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Raymond Lai
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2N8, Canada, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, Canada, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R7, Canada, and Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - John Samuel
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2N8, Canada, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, Canada, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R7, Canada, and Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2N8, Canada, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, Canada, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R7, Canada, and Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G6, Canada
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