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Mosley SA, Cicali E, Del Cueto A, Portman DG, Donovan KA, Gong Y, Langaee T, Gopalan P, Schmit J, Starr JS, Silver N, Chang YD, Rajasekhara S, Smith JE, Soares HP, Clare-Salzler M, Starostik P, George TJ, McLeod HL, Fillingim RB, Hicks JK, Cavallari LH. CYP2D6-guided opioid therapy for adults with cancer pain: A randomized implementation clinical trial. Pharmacotherapy 2023; 43:1286-1296. [PMID: 37698371 PMCID: PMC10840965 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The CYP2D6 enzyme metabolizes opioids commonly prescribed for cancer-related pain, and CYP2D6 polymorphisms may contribute to variability in opioid response. We evaluated the feasibility of implementing CYP2D6-guided opioid prescribing for patients with cancer and reported pilot outcome data. METHODS Adult patients from two cancer centers were prospectively enrolled into a hybrid implementation-effectiveness clinical trial and randomized to CYP2D6-genotype-guided opioid selection, with clinical recommendations, or usual care. Implementation metrics, including provider response, medication changes consistent with recommendations, and patient-reported pain and symptom scores at baseline and up to 8 weeks, were assessed. RESULTS Most (87/114, 76%) patients approached for the study agreed to participate. Of 85 patients randomized, 71% were prescribed oxycodone at baseline. The median (range) time to receive CYP2D6 test results was 10 (3-37) days; 24% of patients had physicians acknowledge genotype results in a clinic note. Among patients with CYP2D6-genotype-guided recommendations to change therapy (n = 11), 18% had a change congruent with recommendations. Among patients who completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires (n = 48), there was no difference in change in mean composite pain score (-1.01 ± 2.1 vs. -0.41 ± 2.5; p = 0.19) or symptom severity at last follow-up (3.96 ± 2.18 vs. 3.47 ± 1.78; p = 0.63) between the usual care arm (n = 26) and genotype-guided arm (n = 22), respectively. CONCLUSION Our study revealed high acceptance of pharmacogenetic testing as part of a clinical trial among patients with cancer pain. However, provider response to genotype-guided recommendations was low, impacting assessment of pain-related outcomes. Addressing barriers to utility of pharmacogenetics results and clinical recommendations will be critical for implementation success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Mosley
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emily Cicali
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alex Del Cueto
- Department of Individualized Cancer Management, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Diane G Portman
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kristine A Donovan
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Taimour Langaee
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Priya Gopalan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jessica Schmit
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jason S Starr
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Natalie Silver
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Young D Chang
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Sahana Rajasekhara
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua E Smith
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Heloisa P Soares
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Petr Starostik
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas J George
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Roger B Fillingim
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - J Kevin Hicks
- Department of Individualized Cancer Management, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Larisa H Cavallari
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Buckner T, Vanderlinden LA, DeFelice BC, Carry PM, Kechris K, Dong F, Fiehn O, Frohnert BI, Clare-Salzler M, Rewers M, Norris JM. The oxylipin profile is associated with development of type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). Diabetologia 2021; 64:1785-1794. [PMID: 33893822 PMCID: PMC8249332 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Oxylipins are lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Some oxylipins are proinflammatory (e.g. those derived from arachidonic acid [ARA]), others are pro-resolving of inflammation (e.g. those derived from α-linolenic acid [ALA], docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] and eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]) and others may be both (e.g. those derived from linoleic acid [LA]). The goal of this study was to examine whether oxylipins are associated with incident type 1 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control analysis in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY), a prospective cohort study of children at risk of type 1 diabetes. Plasma levels of 14 ARA-derived oxylipins, ten LA-derived oxylipins, six ALA-derived oxylipins, four DHA-derived oxylipins and two EPA-related oxylipins were measured by ultra-HPLC-MS/MS at multiple timepoints related to autoantibody seroconversion in 72 type 1 diabetes cases and 71 control participants, which were frequency matched on age at autoantibody seroconversion (of the case), ethnicity and sample availability. Linear mixed models were used to obtain an age-adjusted mean of each oxylipin prior to type 1 diabetes. Age-adjusted mean oxylipins were tested for association with type 1 diabetes using logistic regression, adjusting for the high risk HLA genotype HLA-DR3/4,DQB1*0302. We also performed principal component analysis of the oxylipins and tested principal components (PCs) for association with type 1 diabetes. Finally, to investigate potential critical timepoints, we examined the association of oxylipins measured before and after autoantibody seroconversion (of the cases) using PCs of the oxylipins at those visits. RESULTS The ARA-related oxylipin 5-HETE was associated with increased type 1 diabetes risk. Five LA-related oxylipins, two ALA-related oxylipins and one DHA-related oxylipin were associated with decreased type 1 diabetes risk. A profile of elevated LA- and ALA-related oxylipins (PC1) was associated with decreased type 1 diabetes risk (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.40, 0.94). A profile of elevated ARA-related oxylipins (PC2) was associated with increased diabetes risk (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.03, 2.29). A critical timepoint analysis showed type 1 diabetes was associated with a high ARA-related oxylipin profile at post-autoantibody-seroconversion but not pre-seroconversion. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The protective association of higher LA- and ALA-related oxylipins demonstrates the importance of both inflammation promotion and resolution in type 1 diabetes. Proinflammatory ARA-related oxylipins may play an important role once the autoimmune process has begun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Buckner
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick M Carry
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Fran Dong
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Marian Rewers
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Newsom K, Zhang Y, Chamala S, Martinez K, Clare-Salzler M, Starostik P. The Hologic Aptima SARS-CoV-2 assay enables high ratio pooling saving reagents and improving turnaround time. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23888. [PMID: 34213803 PMCID: PMC8418467 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hologic Aptima™ TMA SARS-CoV-2 assay was employed to test pooled nasopharyngeal (NP) samples to evaluate the performance of pooled sample testing and characterize variables influencing results. METHODS Results on 1033 previously tested NP samples were retrieved to characterize the relative light units (RLU) of SARS-CoV-2-positive samples in the tested population. The pooling strategy of combining 10 SARS-CoV-2 samples into one pool (10/1) was used in this study. The results were compared with neat sample testing using the same Aptima™ TMA SARS-CoV-2 assay and also the CDC RT-PCR and the Cepheid SARS-CoV-2 assays. RESULTS The Aptima assay compares favorably with both CDC RT-PCR and the Cepheid SARS-CoV-2 assays. Once samples are pooled 10 to 1 as in our experiments, the resulting signal strength of the assay suffers. A divide opens between pools assembled from strong-positive versus only weak-positive samples. Pools of the former can be reliably detected with positive percent agreement (PPA) of 95.2%, while pools of the latter are frequently misclassified as negative with PPA of 40%. When the weak-positive samples with kRLU value lower than 1012 constitute 3.4% of the total sample profile, the assay PPA approaches 93.4% suggesting that 10/1 pooled sample testing by the Aptima assay is an effective screening tool for SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION Performing pooled testing, one should monitor the weak positives with kRLU lower than 1012 or quantification cycle (Cq) value higher than 35 on an ongoing basis and adjust pooling approaches to avoid reporting false negatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Newsom
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Srikar Chamala
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katherine Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Petr Starostik
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Balasubramani B, Newsom KJ, Martinez KA, Starostik P, Clare-Salzler M, Chamala S. Pathology Informatics and Robotics Strategies for Improving Efficiency of COVID-19 Pooled Testing. Acad Pathol 2021; 8:23742895211020485. [PMID: 34189259 PMCID: PMC8209787 DOI: 10.1177/23742895211020485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The global rise of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic resulted in an exponentially increasing demand for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing, which resulted in shortage of reagents worldwide. This shortage has been further worsened by screening of asymptomatic populations such as returning employees, students, and so on, as part of plans to reopen the economy. To optimize the utilization of testing reagents and human resources, pool testing of populations with low prevalence has emerged as a promising strategy. Although pooling is an effective solution to reduce the number of reagents used for testing, the process of pooling samples together and tracking them throughout the entire workflow is challenging. To be effective, samples must be tracked into each pool, pool-tested and reported individually. In this article, we address these challenges using robotics and informatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Balasubramani
- Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kimberly J Newsom
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katherine A Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Petr Starostik
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Srikar Chamala
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Polinski KJ, Bemis EA, Yang F, Crume T, Demoruelle MK, Feser M, Seifert J, O'Dell JR, Mikuls TR, Weisman MH, Gregersen PK, Keating RM, Buckner J, Reisdorph N, Deane KD, Clare-Salzler M, Holers VM, Norris JM. Association of Lipid Mediators With Development of Future Incident Inflammatory Arthritis in an Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody-Positive Population. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:955-962. [PMID: 33381911 DOI: 10.1002/art.41631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived lipid mediators with progression from rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related autoimmunity to inflammatory arthritis (IA). METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the Studies of the Etiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis (SERA). SERA enrolled first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals with RA (FDR cohort) and individuals who screened positive for RA-related autoantibodies at health fairs (screened cohort). We followed up 133 anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide 3.1 (anti-CCP3.1)-positive participants, 29 of whom developed IA. Lipid mediators selected a priori were quantified from stored plasma samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We fit multivariable Cox proportional hazards models for each lipid mediator as a time-varying variable. For lipid mediators found to be significantly associated with IA, we then examined interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as potential statistical mediators. RESULTS For every 1 natural log pg/ml increase in the circulating plasma levels of proinflammatory 5-HETE, the risk of developing IA increased by 241% (hazard ratio 2.41 [95% confidence interval 1.43-4.07]) after adjusting for age at baseline, cohort (FDR or screened), and shared epitope status. The models examining 15-HETE and 17-HDHA had the same trend but did not reach significance. We did not find evidence that the association between 5-HETE and IA risk was influenced by the proinflammatory cytokines tested. CONCLUSION In a prospective cohort of anti-CCP-positive individuals, higher levels of 5-HETE, an important precursor to proinflammatory leukotrienes, is associated with subsequent IA. Our findings highlight the potential significance of these PUFA metabolites in pre-RA populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fan Yang
- Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora
| | | | | | - Marie Feser
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jane Buckner
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora
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Polinski K, Bemis E, Demoruelle K, Seifert J, Crume T, Yang F, Robinson W, Clare-Salzler M, Deane K, Holers M, Norris J. SAT0596 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CIRCULATING LIPID MEDIATORS AND INCIDENT INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS IN AN ANTI-CITRULLINATED PROTEIN ANTIBODY POSITIVE POPULATION. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Lipid mediators are endogenously derived from the metabolism of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and have important roles in promoting and resolving inflammation in the body (1). Epidemiological studies have shown higher omega-3 PUFA status to be associated with a lower risk of both autoimmunity and progression to inflammatory arthritis (IA) (2,3).Objectives:To determine the association of lipid mediators with progression from rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related autoimmunity to inflammatory arthritis (IA).Methods:We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the Studies of the Etiologies of Rheumatoid Arthritis (SERA). SERA enrolled first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals with RA (FDR cohort) and individuals who screened positive for RA-related autoantibodies at health fairs (screened cohort). We followed 133 anti-CCP3.1 positive participants, of which 29 developed IA (22 classified as RA by 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria). We quantified lipid mediators from stored plasma samples via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods validated against the collection and storage methods used in the study. A priori, we selected 5S-HETE, 15S-HETE and 17S-HDHA because they are precursors to leukotrienes, Lipoxin A4 and Resolvin D series lipid mediators, respectively. We fit Cox proportional hazard models for each lipid mediator as a time-varying covariate. For lipid mediators significantly associated with progression to IA we then examined IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α (Bio-Plex Pro™ assay) as potential mediators of this relationship.Results:Higher plasma 5S-HETE levels were associated with an increased risk of incident IA after adjusting for age at baseline, cohort (FDR or screened), and shared epitope (SE) status (Table 1). The models examining 15S-HETE and 17S-HDHA had the same trend but did not reach statistical significance. We did not find evidence that the association between 5S-HETE and IA risk was mediated by the tested pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting a direct role for this lipid mediator in conversion to IA.Table 1.Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of lipid mediator concentrations associated with IA, n=29 IA casesLipid mediatorCrudeAdjustedb5S-HETE2.10 (1.12, 3.92)2.41 (1.43, 4.07)15S-HETE1.61 (0.88, 2.93)1.52 (0.87, 2.65)17-HDHAa1.59 (0.68, 3.74)1.61 (0.72, 3.56)adichotomized as <limit of detection (reference) or detectedbAdjusted for SE, age at baseline and cohortConclusion:In a prospective cohort of anti-CCP positive individuals, higher circulating levels of 5S-HETE, an important precursor to pro-inflammatory leukotrienes, was associated with subsequent IA. Our findings highlight the potential pathologic and prognostic significance of these PUFA metabolites in inflammatory processes in pre-RA populations.References:[1]Serhan CN. Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology. Nature. 2014;510(7503):92-101.[2]Gan RW, Bemis EA, Demoruelle MK, Striebich CC, Brake S, Feser ML, et al. The association between omega-3 fatty acid biomarkers and inflammatory arthritis in an anti-citrullinated protein antibody positive population. Rheumatology. 2017.[3]Gan RW, Young KA, Zerbe GO, Demoruelle MK, Weisman MH, Buckner JH, et al. Lower omega-3 fatty acids are associated with the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies in a population at risk for future rheumatoid arthritis: a nested case-control study. Rheumatology. 2016;55(2):367-76.Disclosure of Interests:Kristen Polinski: None declared, Elizabeth Bemis: None declared, Kristen Demoruelle Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Jennifer Seifert: None declared, Tessa Crume: None declared, Fan Yang: None declared, William Robinson: None declared, Michael Clare-Salzler: None declared, Kevin Deane Grant/research support from: Janssen, Consultant of: Inova, ThermoFisher, Janseen, BMS and Microdrop, Michael Holers Shareholder of: AdMIRx, Grant/research support from: AdMIRx, Pfizer, Janssen R&D, Consultant of: AdMIRx, Janssen R&D, Celgene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Jill Norris Grant/research support from: Janssen R&D, Pfizer, Consultant of: Celgene, BMS
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Maness HTD, Behar-Horenstein LS, Clare-Salzler M, Chamala S. Informatics Training for Pathology Practice and Research in the Digital Era. Acad Pathol 2020; 7:2374289520911179. [PMID: 32284963 PMCID: PMC7119238 DOI: 10.1177/2374289520911179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathology informatics is a relatively new field with limited structured training programs for pathologists, especially for computer programming. Here, we describe our efforts to develop and implement a training program in the department of pathology at the University of Florida to meet these additional needs of current students as well as faculty and staff. Three one-credit courses were created using a flipped classroom design. Each course was assessed with a novel survey instrument, and the impact of the program was further measured 6 months after program completion with interviews of 6 participants and thematic analysis. Course objectives were met but with room for improvement. Major factors that had a positive impact included collaborative learning and real-world practice problems. Also, it improved communication with informatics colleagues as well as job task efficiency and effectiveness. Overall, the program raised awareness of informatics professional development and career path opportunities within pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather T. D. Maness
- UFIT Center for Instructional Technology and Training, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Srikar Chamala
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Snyder MP, Lin S, Posgai A, Atkinson M, Regev A, Rood J, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Gaffney L, Hupalowska A, Satija R, Gehlenborg N, Shendure J, Laskin J, Harbury P, Nystrom NA, Silverstein JC, Bar-Joseph Z, Zhang K, Börner K, Lin Y, Conroy R, Procaccini D, Roy AL, Pillai A, Brown M, Galis ZS, Cai L, Shendure J, Trapnell C, Lin S, Jackson D, Snyder MP, Nolan G, Greenleaf WJ, Lin Y, Plevritis S, Ahadi S, Nevins SA, Lee H, Schuerch CM, Black S, Venkataraaman VG, Esplin E, Horning A, Bahmani A, Zhang K, Sun X, Jain S, Hagood J, Pryhuber G, Kharchenko P, Atkinson M, Bodenmiller B, Brusko T, Clare-Salzler M, Nick H, Otto K, Posgai A, Wasserfall C, Jorgensen M, Brusko M, Maffioletti S, Caprioli RM, Spraggins JM, Gutierrez D, Patterson NH, Neumann EK, Harris R, deCaestecker M, Fogo AB, van de Plas R, Lau K, Cai L, Yuan GC, Zhu Q, Dries R, Yin P, Saka SK, Kishi JY, Wang Y, Goldaracena I, Laskin J, Ye D, Burnum-Johnson KE, Piehowski PD, Ansong C, Zhu Y, Harbury P, Desai T, Mulye J, Chou P, Nagendran M, Bar-Joseph Z, Teichmann SA, Paten B, Murphy RF, Ma J, Kiselev VY, Kingsford C, Ricarte A, Keays M, Akoju SA, Ruffalo M, Gehlenborg N, Kharchenko P, Vella M, McCallum C, Börner K, Cross LE, Friedman SH, Heiland R, Herr B, Macklin P, Quardokus EM, Record L, Sluka JP, Weber GM, Nystrom NA, Silverstein JC, Blood PD, Ropelewski AJ, Shirey WE, Scibek RM, Mabee P, Lenhardt WC, Robasky K, Michailidis S, Satija R, Marioni J, Regev A, Butler A, Stuart T, Fisher E, Ghazanfar S, Rood J, Gaffney L, Eraslan G, Biancalani T, Vaishnav ED, Conroy R, Procaccini D, Roy A, Pillai A, Brown M, Galis Z, Srinivas P, Pawlyk A, Sechi S, Wilder E, Anderson J. The human body at cellular resolution: the NIH Human Biomolecular Atlas Program. Nature 2019; 574:187-192. [PMID: 31597973 PMCID: PMC6800388 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transformative technologies are enabling the construction of three-dimensional maps of tissues with unprecedented spatial and molecular resolution. Over the next seven years, the NIH Common Fund Human Biomolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP) intends to develop a widely accessible framework for comprehensively mapping the human body at single-cell resolution by supporting technology development, data acquisition, and detailed spatial mapping. HuBMAP will integrate its efforts with other funding agencies, programs, consortia, and the biomedical research community at large towards the shared vision of a comprehensive, accessible three-dimensional molecular and cellular atlas of the human body, in health and under various disease conditions.
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Ricordi C, Clare-Salzler M, Infante M, Baggerly C, Aliano J, McDonnell S, Chritton S. Vitamin D and Omega 3 Field Study on Progression of Type 1 Diabetes. CellR4 Repair Replace Regen Reprogram 2019; 7:e2737. [PMID: 31572748 PMCID: PMC6768421 DOI: 10.32113/cellr4_20198_2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been linked to the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Supplementation with vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties, may slow or stop the progression of T1D. A field study is underway to assess the relationship between these nutrients and T1D progression among auto-antibody positive individuals who have not been diagnosed with T1D. The T1D Prevention Field Study is currently recruiting participants to complete online health surveys and home blood-spot tests for 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], Omega-3 Index, AA:EPA Ratio, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and HbA1c every three to four months for 5 years. Participants (or their parents/guardians) are given information about the importance of achieving a 25(OH)D level between 40-60 ng/ml and an AA:EPA Ratio between 1.5-3.0 to reduce inflammation. However, participants are free to choose their own supplement or dietary regimens. Data analysis will focus on associations between vitamin D and omega-3 status and progression of T1D. Initial enrollment in the T1D Prevention Field Study includes 103 participants from fifteen countries; total enrollment is expected to reach at least 400 participants by the end of 2022. The field study approach allows for cost-effective research that capitalizes on new technologies for recruitment, data collection, and blood level testing from home. However, some challenges have arisen. Many individuals are reading the open source protocols and some choose to supplement and test on their own so incentives may be needed to increase enrollment. Additionally, some participants do not have access to auto-antibody testing or are unable to get access to their test results; therefore, there is a need to provide blood spot auto-antibody testing through the field study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - M Infante
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - J Aliano
- GrassrootsHealth, Encinitas, CA, USA
| | | | - S Chritton
- Children With Diabetes Research Foundation, Superior, CO, USA
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G, Browning T, Coughenour M, Sulk E, Tsalikan M, Tansey J, Cabbage N. Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:192-199. [PMID: 30061316 PMCID: PMC6341285 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (N = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A], and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. RESULTS At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all P < 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all P ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody-positive, 13% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody-positive, 12% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. CONCLUSIONS Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody-positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody-positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Triolo
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Alexandra Fouts
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Peter A. Gottlieb
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Haller MJ, Schatz DA, Skyler JS, Krischer JP, Bundy BN, Miller JL, Atkinson MA, Becker DJ, Baidal D, DiMeglio LA, Gitelman SE, Goland R, Gottlieb PA, Herold KC, Marks JB, Moran A, Rodriguez H, Russell W, Wilson DM, Greenbaum CJ, Greenbaum C, Atkinson M, Baidal D, Battaglia M, Becker D, Bingley P, Bosi E, Buckner J, Clements M, Colman P, DiMeglio L, Evans-Molina C, Gitelman S, Goland R, Gottlieb P, Herold K, Knip M, Krischer J, Lernmark A, Moore W, Moran A, Muir A, Palmer J, Peakman M, Philipson L, Raskin P, Redondo M, Rodriguez H, Russell W, Spain L, Schatz D, Sosenko J, Wherrett D, Wilson D, Winter W, Ziegler A, Anderson M, Antinozzi P, Benoist C, Blum J, Bourcier K, Chase P, Clare-Salzler M, Clynes R, Cowie C, Eisenbarth G, Fathman C, Grave G, Harrison L, Hering B, Insel R, Jordan S, Kaufman F, Kay T, Kenyon N, Klines R, Lachin J, Leschek E, Mahon J, Marks J, Monzavi R, Nanto-Salonen K, Nepom G, Orban T, Parkman R, Pescovitz M, Peyman J, Pugliese A, Ridge J, Roep B, Roncarolo M, Savage P, Simell O, Sherwin R, Siegelman M, Skyler J, Steck A, Thomas J, Trucco M, Wagner J, Bourcier K, Greenbaum CJ, Krischer JP, Leschek E, Rafkin L, Spain L, Cowie C, Foulkes M, Insel R, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lachin JM, Malozowski S, Peyman J, Ridge J, Savage P, Skyler JS, Zafonte SJ, Greenbaum CJ, Rafkin L, Sosenko JM, Skyler JS, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Krischer JP, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Adams T, Amado D, Asif I, Boonstra M, Boulware D, Bundy B, Burroughs C, Cuthbertson D, Eberhard C, Fiske S, Ford J, Garmeson J, Guillette H, Geyer S, Hays B, Henderson C, Henry M, Heyman K, Hsiao B, Karges C, Kinderman A, Lane L, Leinbach A, Liu S, Lloyd J, Malloy J, Maddox K, Martin J, Miller J, Moore M, Muller S, Nguyen T, O’Donnell R, Parker M, Pereyra M, Reed N, Roberts A, Sadler K, Stavros T, Tamura R, Wood K, Xu P, Young K, Alies P, Badias F, Baker A, Bassi M, Beam C, Boulware D, Bounmananh L, Bream S, Deemer M, Freeman D, Gough J, Ginem J, Granger M, Holloway M, Kieffer M, Lane P, Law P, Linton C, Nallamshetty L, Oduah V, Parrimon Y, Paulus K, Pilger J, Ramiro J, Luvon AQ, Ritzie A, Sharma A, Shor X, Song A, Terry J, Weinberger M, Wootten J, Fradkin E, Leschek L, Spain C, Cowie S, Malozowski P, Savage G, Beck E, Blumberg R, Gubitosi-Klug L, Laffel R, Veatch D, Wallace J, Braun D, Brillon A, Lernmark B, Lo H, Mitchell A, Naji J, Nerup T, Orchard M, Steffes A, Tsiatis B, Zinman B, Loechelt L, Baden M, Green A, Weinberg S, Marcovina JP, Palmer A, Weinberg L, Yu W, Winter GS, Eisenbarth A, Shultz E, Batts K, Fitzpatrick M, Ramey R, Guerra C, Webb M, Romasco C, Greenbaum S, Lord D, VanBuecken W, Hao M, McCulloch D, Hefty K, Varner R, Goland E, Greenberg S, Pollack B, Nelson L, Looper L, DiMeglio M, Spall C, Evans-Molina M, Mantravadi J, Sanchez M, Mullen V, Patrick S, Woerner DM, Wilson T, Aye T, Esrey K, Barahona B, Baker H, Bitar C, Ghodrat M, Hamilton SE, Gitelman CT, Ferrara S, Sanda R, Wesch C, Torok P, Gottlieb J, Lykens C, Brill A, Michels A, Schauwecker MJ, Haller DA, Schatz MA, Atkinson LM, Jacobsen M, Cintron TM, Brusko CH, Wasserfall CE, Mathews JS, Skyler JM, Marks D, Baidal C, Blaschke D, Matheson A, Moran B, Nathan A, Street J, Leschyshyn B, Pappenfus B, Nelson N, Flaherty D, Becker K, Delallo D, Groscost K, Riley H, Rodriguez D, Henson E, Eyth W, Russell A, Brown F, Brendall K, Herold, Feldman L. Low-Dose Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (ATG) Preserves β-Cell Function and Improves HbA 1c in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1917-1925. [PMID: 30012675 PMCID: PMC6105329 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A pilot study suggested that combination therapy with low-dose anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) preserves C-peptide in established type 1 diabetes (T1D) (duration 4 months to 2 years). We hypothesized that 1) low-dose ATG/GCSF or 2) low-dose ATG alone would slow the decline of β-cell function in patients with new-onset T1D (duration <100 days). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A three-arm, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial was performed by the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group in 89 subjects: 29 subjects randomized to ATG (2.5 mg/kg intravenously) followed by pegylated GCSF (6 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks for 6 doses), 29 to ATG alone (2.5 mg/kg), and 31 to placebo. The primary end point was mean area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide during a 2-h mixed-meal tolerance test 1 year after initiation of therapy. Significance was defined as one-sided P value < 0.025. RESULTS The 1-year mean AUC C-peptide was significantly higher in subjects treated with ATG (0.646 nmol/L) versus placebo (0.406 nmol/L) (P = 0.0003) but not in those treated with ATG/GCSF (0.528 nmol/L) versus placebo (P = 0.031). HbA1c was significantly reduced at 1 year in subjects treated with ATG and ATG/GCSF, P = 0.002 and 0.011, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose ATG slowed decline of C-peptide and reduced HbA1c in new-onset T1D. Addition of GCSF did not enhance C-peptide preservation afforded by low-dose ATG. Future studies should be considered to determine whether low-dose ATG alone or in combination with other agents may prevent or delay the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jay S. Skyler
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Baidal
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | | | | | - Peter A. Gottlieb
- University of Colorado Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Jennifer B. Marks
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Redondo MJ, Geyer S, Steck AK, Sharp S, Wentworth JM, Weedon MN, Antinozzi P, Sosenko J, Atkinson M, Pugliese A, Oram RA, Antinozzi P, Atkinson M, Battaglia M, Becker D, Bingley P, Bosi E, Buckner J, Colman P, Gottlieb P, Herold K, Insel R, Kay T, Knip M, Marks J, Moran A, Palmer J, Peakman M, Philipson L, Pugliese A, Raskin P, Rodriguez H, Roep B, Russell W, Schatz D, Wherrett D, Wilson D, Winter W, Ziegler A, Benoist C, Blum J, Chase P, Clare-Salzler M, Clynes R, Eisenbarth G, Fathman C, Grave G, Hering B, Kaufman F, Leschek E, Mahon J, Nanto-Salonen K, Nepom G, Orban T, Parkman R, Pescovitz M, Peyman J, Roncarolo M, Simell O, Sherwin R, Siegelman M, Steck A, Thomas J, Trucco M, Wagner J, Greenbaum ,CJ, Bourcier K, Insel R, Krischer JP, Leschek E, Rafkin L, Spain L, Cowie C, Foulkes M, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lachin JM, Malozowski S, Peyman J, Ridge J, Savage P, Skyler JS, Zafonte SJ, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Sosenko JM, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Adams T, Amado D, Asif I, Boonstra M, Bundy B, Burroughs C, Cuthbertson D, Deemer M, Eberhard C, Fiske S, Ford J, Garmeson J, Guillette H, Browning G, Coughenour T, Sulk M, Tsalikan E, Tansey M, Cabbage J, Dixit N, Pasha S, King M, Adcock K, Geyer S, Atterberry H, Fox L, Englert K, Mauras N, Permuy J, Sikes K, Berhe T, Guendling B, McLennan L, Paganessi L, Hays B, Murphy C, Draznin M, Kamboj M, Sheppard S, Lewis V, Coates L, Moore W, Babar G, Bedard J, Brenson-Hughes D, Henderson C, Cernich J, Clements M, Duprau R, Goodman S, Hester L, Huerta-Saenz L, Karmazin A, Letjen T, Raman S, Morin D, Henry M, Bestermann W, Morawski E, White J, Brockmyer A, Bays R, Campbell S, Stapleton A, Stone N, Donoho A, Everett H, Heyman K, Hensley H, Johnson M, Marshall C, Skirvin N, Taylor P, Williams R, Ray L, Wolverton C, Nickels D, Dothard C, Hsiao B, Speiser P, Pellizzari M, Bokor L, Izuora K, Abdelnour S, Cummings P, Paynor S, Leahy M, Riedl M, Shockley S, Karges C, Saad R, Briones T, Casella S, Herz C, Walsh K, Greening J, Hay F, Hunt S, Sikotra N, Simons L, Keaton N, Karounos D, Oremus R, Dye L, Myers L, Ballard D, Miers W, Sparks R, Thraikill K, Edwards K, Fowlkes J, Kinderman A, Kemp S, Morales A, Holland L, Johnson L, Paul P, Ghatak A, Phelen K, Leyland H, Henderson T, Brenner D, Law P, Oppenheimer E, Mamkin I, Moniz C, Clarson C, Lovell M, Peters A, Ruelas V, Borut D, Burt D, Jordan M, Leinbach A, Castilla S, Flores P, Ruiz M, Hanson L, Green-Blair J, Sheridan R, Wintergerst K, Pierce G, Omoruyi A, Foster M, Linton C, Kingery S, Lunsford A, Cervantes I, Parker T, Price P, Urben J, Doughty I, Haydock H, Parker V, Bergman P, Liu S, Duncum S, Rodda C, Thomas A, Ferry R, McCommon D, Cockroft J, Perelman A, Calendo R, Barrera C, Arce-Nunez E, Lloyd J, Martinez Y, De la Portilla M, Cardenas I, Garrido L, Villar M, Lorini R, Calandra E, D’Annuzio G, Perri K, Minuto N, Malloy J, Rebora C, Callegari R, Ali O, Kramer J, Auble B, Cabrera S, Donohoue P, Fiallo-Scharer R, Hessner M, Wolfgram P, Maddox K, Kansra A, Bettin N, 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Trunnel S, Transue D, Surhigh J, Bezzaire D, Moltz K, Zacharski E, Henske J, Desai S, Frizelis K, Khan F, Sjoberg R, Allen K, Manning P, Hendry G, Taylor B, Jones S, Couch R, Danchak R, Lieberman D, Strader W, Bencomo M, Bailey T, Bedolla L, Roldan C, Moudiotis C, Vaidya B, Anning C, Bunce S, Estcourt S, Folland E, Gordon E, Harrill C, Ireland J, Piper J, Scaife L, Sutton K, Wilkins S, Costelloe M, Palmer J, Casas L, Miller C, Burgard M, Erickson C, Hallanger-Johnson J, Clark P, Taylor W, Galgani J, Banerjee S, Banda C, McEowen D, Kinman R, Lafferty A, Gillett S, Nolan C, Pathak M, Sondrol L, Hjelle T, Hafner S, Kotrba J, Hendrickson R, Cemeroglu A, Symington T, Daniel M, Appiagyei-Dankah Y, Postellon D, Racine M, Kleis L, Barnes K, Godwin S, McCullough H, Shaheen K, Buck G, Noel L, Warren M, Weber S, Parker S, Gillespie I, Nelson B, Frost C, Amrhein J, Moreland E, Hayes A, Peggram J, Aisenberg J, Riordan M, Zasa J, Cummings E, Scott K, Pinto T, Mokashi A, McAssey K, Helden E, Hammond P, Dinning L, Rahman S, Ray S, Dimicri C, Guppy S, Nielsen H, Vogel C, Ariza C, Morales L, Chang Y, Gabbay R, Ambrocio L, Manley L, Nemery R, Charlton W, Smith P, Kerr L, Steindel-Kopp B, Alamaguer M, Tabisola-Nuesca E, Pendersen A, Larson N, Cooper-Olviver H, Chan D, Fitz-Patrick D, Carreira T, Park Y, Ruhaak R, Liljenquist D. A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Predicts Progression of Islet Autoimmunity and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals at Risk. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1887-1894. [PMID: 30002199 PMCID: PMC6105323 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the ability of a type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk score (GRS) to predict progression of islet autoimmunity and T1D in at-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the 1,244 TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants (T1D patients' relatives without diabetes and with one or more positive autoantibodies) who were genotyped with Illumina ImmunoChip (median [range] age at initial autoantibody determination 11.1 years [1.2-51.8], 48% male, 80.5% non-Hispanic white, median follow-up 5.4 years). Of 291 participants with a single positive autoantibody at screening, 157 converted to multiple autoantibody positivity and 55 developed diabetes. Of 953 participants with multiple positive autoantibodies at screening, 419 developed diabetes. We calculated the T1D GRS from 30 T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used multivariable Cox regression models, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and area under the curve (AUC) measures to evaluate prognostic utility of T1D GRS, age, sex, Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1) Risk Score, positive autoantibody number or type, HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8 status, and race/ethnicity. We used recursive partitioning analyses to identify cut points in continuous variables. RESULTS Higher T1D GRS significantly increased the rate of progression to T1D adjusting for DPT-1 Risk Score, age, number of positive autoantibodies, sex, and ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29 for a 0.05 increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.6; P = 0.011). Progression to T1D was best predicted by a combined model with GRS, number of positive autoantibodies, DPT-1 Risk Score, and age (7-year time-integrated AUC = 0.79, 5-year AUC = 0.73). Higher GRS was significantly associated with increased progression rate from single to multiple positive autoantibodies after adjusting for age, autoantibody type, ethnicity, and sex (HR 2.27 for GRS >0.295, 95% CI 1.47-3.51; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The T1D GRS independently predicts progression to T1D and improves prediction along T1D stages in autoantibody-positive relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Redondo
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Seth Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - John M. Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard A. Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
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13
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Hu R, Xia CQ, Butfiloski E, Clare-Salzler M. Effect of high glucose on cytokine production by human peripheral blood immune cells and type I interferon signaling in monocytes: Implications for the role of hyperglycemia in the diabetes inflammatory process and host defense against infection. Clin Immunol 2018; 195:139-148. [PMID: 29894743 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The major metabolic feature of diabetes is hyperglycemia which has been linked to the diabetes inflammatory processes, and diabetes-related vulnerability to infection. In the present study, we assessed how glucose affected PBMCs in type I interferon (IFN) production and subsequent signaling. We found that the moderately elevated glucose promoted, and high glucose suppressed type I IFN production, respectively. Pre-exposure to high glucose rendered monocytes more sensitive to IFN-α stimulation with heightened signaling, whereas, instantaneous addition of high glucose did not exhibit such effect. Consistent with this finding, the mRNA levels of IFN-α-induced IRF-7 in PBMCs were positively correlated with HbA1c levels of diabetes patients. Additionally, we found that high glucose promoted the production of other proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. This study suggests that hyperglycemia may affect the inflammatory process in diabetes via promoting proinflammatory cytokines, as well as the host defense against microbial infections through impeding type I IFN production and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Hu
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chang-Qing Xia
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Edward Butfiloski
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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14
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Mosley SA, Hicks JK, Portman DG, Donovan KA, Gopalan P, Schmit J, Starr J, Silver N, Gong Y, Langaee T, Clare-Salzler M, Starostik P, Chang YD, Rajasekhara S, Smith JE, Soares HP, George TJ, McLeod HL, Cavallari LH. Design and rational for the precision medicine guided treatment for cancer pain pragmatic clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2018; 68:7-13. [PMID: 29535047 PMCID: PMC5899651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pain is one of the most burdensome symptoms associated with cancer and its treatment, and opioids are the cornerstone of pain management. Opioid therapy is empirically selected, and patients often require adjustments in therapy to effectively alleviate pain or ameliorate adverse drug effects that interfere with quality of life. There are data suggesting CYP2D6 genotype may contribute to inter-patient variability in response to opioids through its effects on opioid metabolism. Therefore, we aim to determine if CYP2D6 genotype-guided opioid prescribing results in greater reductions in pain and symptom severity and interference with daily living compared to a conventional prescribing approach in patients with cancer. METHODS Patients with solid tumors with metastasis and a self-reported pain score ≥ 4/10 are eligible for enrollment and randomized to a genotype-guided or conventional pain management strategy. For patients in the genotype-guided arm, CYP2D6 genotype information is integrated into opioid prescribing decisions. Patients are asked to complete questionnaires regarding their pain, symptoms, and quality of life at baseline and 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after enrollment. The primary endpoint is differential change in pain severity by treatment strategy (genotype-guided versus conventional pain management). Secondary endpoints include change in pain and symptom interference with daily living. CONCLUSION Pharmacogenetic-guided opioid selection for cancer pain management has potential clinical utility, but current evidence is limited to retrospective and observational studies. Precision Medicine Guided Treatment for Cancer Pain is a pragmatic clinical trial that seeks to determine the utility of CYP2D6 genotype-guided opioid prescribing in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Mosley
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J Kevin Hicks
- DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Department of Individualized Cancer Management, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Diane G Portman
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kristine A Donovan
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Priya Gopalan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica Schmit
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jason Starr
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Natalie Silver
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Taimour Langaee
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Petr Starostik
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Young D Chang
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sahana Rajasekhara
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joshua E Smith
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Heloisa P Soares
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas J George
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Howard L McLeod
- DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Department of Individualized Cancer Management, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Larisa H Cavallari
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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15
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Weitzel KW, Smith DM, Elsey AR, Duong BQ, Burkley B, Clare-Salzler M, Gong Y, Higgins TA, Kong B, Langaee T, McDonough CW, Staley BJ, Vo TT, Wake DT, Cavallari LH, Johnson JA. Implementation of Standardized Clinical Processes for TPMT Testing in a Diverse Multidisciplinary Population: Challenges and Lessons Learned. Clin Transl Sci 2018; 11:175-181. [PMID: 29351371 PMCID: PMC5867028 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although thiopurine S‐methyltransferase (TPMT) genotyping to guide thiopurine dosing is common in the pediatric cancer population, limited data exist on TPMT testing implementation in diverse, multidisciplinary settings. We established TPMT testing (genotype and enzyme) with clinical decision support, provider/patient education, and pharmacist consultations in a tertiary medical center and collected data over 3 years. During this time, 834 patients underwent 873 TPMT tests (147 (17%) genotype, 726 (83%) enzyme). TPMT tests were most commonly ordered for gastroenterology, rheumatology, dermatology, and hematology/oncology patients (661 of 834 patients (79.2%); 580 outpatient vs. 293 inpatient; P < 0.0001). Thirty‐nine patients had both genotype and enzyme tests (n = 2 discordant results). We observed significant differences between TPMT test use and characteristics in a diverse, multispecialty environment vs. a pediatric cancer setting, which led to unique implementation needs. As pharmacogenetic implementations expand, disseminating lessons learned in diverse, real‐world environments will be important to support routine adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin W Weitzel
- University of Florida Health Personalized Medicine Program, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,University of Florida College of Pharmacy Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - D Max Smith
- University of Florida Health Personalized Medicine Program, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,University of Florida College of Pharmacy Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda R Elsey
- University of Florida Health Personalized Medicine Program, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,University of Florida College of Pharmacy Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,University of Florida Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Benjamin Q Duong
- University of Florida Health Personalized Medicine Program, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,University of Florida College of Pharmacy Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Benjamin Burkley
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- UF Department of Immunology, Pathology, and Laboratory Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,UF Health Pathology Laboratories, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tara A Higgins
- UF Health Shands Hospital Department of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Benjamin Kong
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Taimour Langaee
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Caitrin W McDonough
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Benjamin J Staley
- UF Health Shands Hospital Department of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Teresa T Vo
- University of South Florida Health College of Pharmacy, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Dyson T Wake
- NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Larisa H Cavallari
- University of Florida Health Personalized Medicine Program, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,University of Florida College of Pharmacy Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Julie A Johnson
- University of Florida Health Personalized Medicine Program, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,University of Florida College of Pharmacy Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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16
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Gan RW, Bemis EA, Demoruelle MK, Striebich CC, Brake S, Feser ML, Moss L, Clare-Salzler M, Holers VM, Deane KD, Norris JM. The association between omega-3 fatty acid biomarkers and inflammatory arthritis in an anti-citrullinated protein antibody positive population. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:2229-2236. [PMID: 29029330 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Higher circulating omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) are associated with a lower prevalence of anti-CCP antibodies and RF in subjects without RA. We examined whether, in anti-CCP+ subjects, n-3 FAs also play a role in development of inflammatory arthritis (IA). Methods At Colorado-based health fairs from 2008 to 2014, participants without a previous diagnosis of RA who were anti-CCP3+ (n = 47) were recruited into a follow-up study; symptom assessments and joint examinations were conducted every 6 months for the determination of IA. We measured n-3 FAs as a percentage of total lipids in red blood cell membranes (n-3 FA%) at each visit. Results We detected IA in 10 anti-CCP3+ subjects (21%) at the baseline visit. Increased total n-3 FA% in red blood cell membranes [odds ratio (OR) = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.76], specifically docosapentaenoic acid (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.83) and docosahexaenoic acid (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.86), was associated with a lower odds of IA at the baseline visit, adjusting for n-3 FA supplement use, current smoking, RF+, elevated CRP+ and shared epitope. We followed 35 of the anti-CCP3+ subjects who were IA negative at baseline and detected 14 incident IA cases over an average of 2.56 years of follow-up. In a time-varying survival analysis, increasing docosapentaenoic acid significantly decreased risk of incident IA (hazard ratio = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.98), adjusting for age at baseline, n-3 FA supplement use, RF+, CRP+ and shared epitope. Conclusion n-3 FAs may potentially lower the risk of transition from anti-CCP positivity to IA, an observation that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Gan
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health
| | | | | | | | | | - Marie L Feser
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado, Aurora
| | - LauraKay Moss
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado, Aurora
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Kevin D Deane
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado, Aurora
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health
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17
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Newby BN, Brusko TM, Zou B, Atkinson MA, Clare-Salzler M, Mathews CE. Type 1 Interferons Potentiate Human CD8 + T-Cell Cytotoxicity Through a STAT4- and Granzyme B-Dependent Pathway. Diabetes 2017; 66:3061-3071. [PMID: 28877912 PMCID: PMC5697952 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Events defining the progression to human type 1 diabetes (T1D) have remained elusive owing to the complex interaction between genetics, the immune system, and the environment. Type 1 interferons (T1-IFN) are known to be a constituent of the autoinflammatory milieu within the pancreas of patients with T1D. However, the capacity of IFNα/β to modulate human activated autoreactive CD8+ T-cell (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) responses within the islets of patients with T1D has not been investigated. Here, we engineer human β-cell-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and demonstrate that T1-IFN augments cytotoxicity by inducing rapid phosphorylation of STAT4, resulting in direct binding at the granzyme B promoter within 2 h of exposure. The current findings provide novel insights concerning the regulation of effector function by T1-IFN in human antigen-experienced CD8+ T cells and provide a mechanism by which the presence of T1-IFN potentiates diabetogenicity within the autoimmune islet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney N Newby
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Baiming Zou
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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18
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Steinman L, Bar-Or A, Behne JM, Benitez-Ribas D, Chin PS, Clare-Salzler M, Healey D, Kim JI, Kranz DM, Lutterotti A, Martin R, Schippling S, Villoslada P, Wei CH, Weiner HL, Zamvil SS, Yeaman MR, Smith TJ. Restoring immune tolerance in neuromyelitis optica: Part I. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2016; 3:e276. [PMID: 27648463 PMCID: PMC5015539 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and spectrum disorder (NMO/SD) represent a vexing process and its clinical variants appear to have at their pathogenic core the loss of immune tolerance to the aquaporin-4 water channel protein. This process results in a characteristic pattern of astrocyte dysfunction, loss, and demyelination that predominantly affects the spinal cord and optic nerves. Although several empirical therapies are currently used in the treatment of NMO/SD, none has been proven effective in prospective, adequately powered, randomized trials. Furthermore, most of the current therapies subject patients to long-term immunologic suppression that can cause serious infections and development of cancers. The following is the first of a 2-part description of several key immune mechanisms in NMO/SD that might be amenable to therapeutic restoration of immune tolerance. It is intended to provide a roadmap for how potential immune tolerance restorative techniques might be applied to patients with NMO/SD. This initial installment provides a background rationale underlying attempts at immune tolerization. It provides specific examples of innovative approaches that have emerged recently as a consequence of technical advances. In several autoimmune diseases, these strategies have been reduced to practice. Therefore, in theory, the identification of aquaporin-4 as the dominant autoantigen makes NMO/SD an ideal candidate for the development of tolerizing therapies or cures for this increasingly recognized disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Steinman
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - Jacinta M Behne
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - Daniel Benitez-Ribas
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - Peter S Chin
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - Donald Healey
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - James I Kim
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - David M Kranz
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - Andreas Lutterotti
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - Roland Martin
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - Sven Schippling
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - Pablo Villoslada
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - Cheng-Hong Wei
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - Michael R Yeaman
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
| | - Terry J Smith
- Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Forest Landing Court (H.L.W.), Rockville, MD; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (H.L.W.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Medicine (S.S.Z.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (T.J.S.)
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Bar-Or A, Steinman L, Behne JM, Benitez-Ribas D, Chin PS, Clare-Salzler M, Healey D, Kim JI, Kranz DM, Lutterotti A, Martin R, Schippling S, Villoslada P, Wei CH, Weiner HL, Zamvil SS, Smith TJ, Yeaman MR. Restoring immune tolerance in neuromyelitis optica: Part II. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2016; 3:e277. [PMID: 27648464 PMCID: PMC5015540 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMO/SD) and its clinical variants have at their core the loss of immune tolerance to aquaporin-4 and perhaps other autoantigens. The characteristic phenotype is disruption of astrocyte function and demyelination of spinal cord, optic nerves, and particular brain regions. In this second of a 2-part article, we present further perspectives regarding the pathogenesis of NMO/SD and how this disease might be amenable to emerging technologies aimed at restoring immune tolerance to disease-implicated self-antigens. NMO/SD appears to be particularly well-suited for these strategies since aquaporin-4 has already been identified as the dominant autoantigen. The recent technical advances in reintroducing immune tolerance in experimental models of disease as well as in humans should encourage quantum leaps in this area that may prove productive for novel therapy. In this part of the article series, the potential for regulatory T and B cells is brought into focus, as are new approaches to oral tolerization. Finally, a roadmap is provided to help identify potential issues in clinical development and guide applications in tolerization therapy to solving NMO/SD through the use of emerging technologies. Each of these perspectives is intended to shine new light on potential cures for NMO/SD and other autoimmune diseases, while sparing normal host defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bar-Or
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - Larry Steinman
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - Jacinta M Behne
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - Daniel Benitez-Ribas
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - Peter S Chin
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - Donald Healey
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - James I Kim
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - David M Kranz
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - Andreas Lutterotti
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - Sven Schippling
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - Pablo Villoslada
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - Cheng-Hong Wei
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - Terry J Smith
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
| | - Michael R Yeaman
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto; The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Department of Gastroenterology (D.B.-R., P.V.), Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd and Center of Neuroimmunology & Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Genentech, Inc. (P.S.C.), South San Francisco, CA; Department of Pathology (M.C.-S.), University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville; Opexa Therapeutics (D.H.), The Woodlands, TX; Department of Surgery (J.I.K.), Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biochemistry (D.M.K.), University of Illinois, Urbana; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L., R.M., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (H.L.W.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center & LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (M.R.Y.), Torrance, CA
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Mesia R, Gholami F, Huang H, Clare-Salzler M, Aukhil I, Wallet SM, Shaddox LM. Systemic inflammatory responses in patients with type 2 diabetes with chronic periodontitis. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2016; 4:e000260. [PMID: 27651910 PMCID: PMC5020743 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this case-control study was to quantify the immune responsiveness in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) as compared with patients without diabetes (NT2D) diagnosed with periodontitis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 20 patients with moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis (10 T2D, 10 NT2D). Blood samples were stimulated with ultrapure Porphyromonas gingivalis and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 hours. 14 cytokines/chemokines were quantified in culture supernatants using multiplex technology. RESULTS T2D individuals demonstrated higher unstimulated levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, IL-10, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP1α), and 1β (MIP1β), and higher stimulated levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MIP1α and MIP1β, along with lower unstimulated and stimulated levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) when compared with NT2D (p<0.05). Importantly, the LPS-induced levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and MIP1α strongly correlated with severity of disease, measured by pocket depths (PD), within the T2D group (r(2)≥0.7, p<0.05), but not within NT2D. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with chronic periodontitis, patients with T2D seem to have an enhanced LPS-induced immune responsiveness than individuals without diabetes, which correlates with periodontal disease severity, concomitant with a less robust GM-CSF response. This data may in part explain the higher predisposition to periodontitis in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Mesia
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ikramuddin Aukhil
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Luciana M Shaddox
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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21
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Guo Y, Werbel T, Wan S, Wu H, Li Y, Clare-Salzler M, Xia CQ. Potent antigen-specific immune response induced by infusion of spleen cells coupled with succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl cyclohexane)-1-carboxylate (SMCC) conjugated antigens. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 31:158-68. [PMID: 26735611 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we report our recently developed new approach to inducing antigen-specific immune response. We use two nucleophilic substitution "click" chemistry processes to successfully couple protein antigens or peptides to mouse spleen cells or T cells by a heterobifunctional crosslinker, succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl cyclohexane)-1-carboxylate (SMCC) or sulfo-SMCC. SMCC and its water-soluble analog sulfo-SMCC contain N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester and maleimide groups, which allow stable covalent conjugation of amine- and sulfhydryl-containing molecules in trans. Protein coupling to cells relies on the free sulfhydryls (thiols) on cell surfaces and the free amines on protein antigens. Although the amount of protein coupled to cells is limited due to the limited number of cell surface thiols, the injection of spleen cells coupled with antigenic proteins, such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or ovalbumin (OVA), induces a potent antigen-specific immune response in vivo, which is even stronger than that induced by the injection of a large dose of protein plus adjuvants. In addition, short peptides coupled to purified splenic T cells also potently elicit peptide-specific T cell proliferation in vivo after injection. Further studies show that antigen-coupled spleen cell treatment leads to augmented IFN-γ-producing T cells. Our study provides a unique antigen delivery method that efficiently distributes antigen to the entire immune system, subsequently eliciting a potent antigen-specific immune response with enhanced IFN-γ production. The findings in the present study suggest that this antigen-cell coupling strategy could be employed in immunotherapy for cancers, infectious diseases as well as immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Guo
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tyler Werbel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Suigui Wan
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Cansbio Biotechnology Company, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohua Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chang-Qing Xia
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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22
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DuBose SN, Hermann JM, Tamborlane WV, Beck RW, Dost A, DiMeglio LA, Schwab KO, Holl RW, Hofer SE, Maahs DM, Lipman T, Calvano T, Kucheruk O, Minnock P, Nguyen C, Klingensmith G, Banion C, Barker J, Cain C, Chase P, Hoops S, Kelsy M, Klingensmith G, Maahs D, Mowry C, Nadeau K, Raymond J, Rewers M, Rewers A, Slover R, Steck A, Wadwa P, Walravens P, Zeitler P, Haro H, Manseau K, Weinstock R, Izquierdo R, Sheikh U, Conboy P, Bulger J, Bzdick S, Goland R, Gandica R, Weiner L, Cook S, Greenberg E, Kohm K, Pollack S, Lee J, Gregg B, Tan M, Burgh K, Eason A, Garg S, Michels A, Myers L, DiMeglio L, Hannon T, Orr D, Cruz C, Woerner S, Wolfsdorf J, Quinn M, Tawa O, Ahmann A, Castle J, Joarder F, Bogan C, Cady N, Cox J, Pitts A, Fitch R, White B, Wollam B, Bode B, Lindmark K, Hosey R, Bethin K, Quattrin T, Ecker M, Wood J, Chao L, Cheung C, Fisher L, Jeandron D, Kaufman F, Kim M, Miyazaki B, Monzavi R, Patel P, Pitukcheewanont P, Sandstrom A, Cohen M, Ichihara B, Lipton M, Cemeroglu A, Appiagyei-Dankah Y, Daniel M, Postellon D, Racine M, Wood M, Kleis L, Hirsch I, DeSantis A, Dugdale D, Failor RA, Gilliam L, Greenbaum C, Janci M, Odegard P, Trence D, Wisse B, Batts E, Dove A, Hefty D, Khakpour D, Klein J, Kuhns K, McCulloch-Olson M, Peterson C, Ramey M, Marie MS, Thomson P, Webber C, Liljenquist D, Sulik M, Vance C, Coughenour T, Brown C, Halford J, Prudent A, Rigby S, Robison B, Starkman H, Berry T, Cerame B, Chin D, Ebner-Lyon L, Guevarra F, Sabanosh K, Silverman L, Wagner C, Fox M, Buckingham B, Shah A, Caswell K, Harris B, Bergenstal R, Criego A, Damberg G, Matfin G, Powers M, Tridgell D, Burt C, Olson B, Thomas L, Mehta S, Katz M, Laffel L, Hathway J, Phillips R, Cengiz E, Tamborlane W, Cappiello D, Steffen A, Zgorski M, Peters A, Ruelas V, Benjamin R, Adkins D, Cuffee J, Spruill A, Bergenstal R, Criego A, Damberg G, Matfin G, Powers M, Tridgell D, Burt C, Olson B, Thomas L, Aleppo-Kacmarek G, Derby T, Massaro E, Webb K, Burt Solorzano C, DeBoer M, Madison H, McGill J, Buechler L, Clifton MJ, Hurst S, Kissel S, Recklein C, Tsalikian E, Tansey M, Cabbage J, Coffey J, Salamati S, Clements M, Raman S, Turpin A, Bedard J, Cohoon C, Elrod A, Fridlington A, Hester L, Kruger D, Schatz D, Clare-Salzler M, Cusi K, Digman C, Fudge B, Haller M, Meehan C, Rohrs H, Silverstein J, Wagh S, Cintron M, Sheehan E, Thomas J, Daniels M, Clark S, Flannery T, Forghani N, Naidu A, Reh C, Scoggin P, Trinh L, Ayala N, Quintana R, Speer H, Zipf W, Seiple D, Kittelsrud J, Gupta A, Peterson V, Stoker A, Gottschalk M, Hashiguchi M, Smith K, Rodriguez H, Bobik C, Henson D, Simmons J, Potter A, Black M, Brendle F, Gubitosi-Klug R, Kaminski B, Bergant S, Campbell W, Tasi C, Copeland K, Beck J, Less J, Schanuel J, Tolbert J, Adi S, Gerard-Gonzalez A, Gitelman S, Chettout N, Torok C, Pihoker C, Yi-Frazier J, Kearns S, Libman I, Bills V, Diaz A, Duke J, Nathan B, Moran A, Bellin M, Beasley S, Kogler A, Leschyshyn J, Schmid K, Street A, Nelson B, Frost C, Reifeis E, Haymond M, Bacha F, Caldas-Vasquez M, Klinepeter S, Redondo M, Berlanga R, Falk T, Garnes E, Gonzalez J, Martinez C, Pontifes M, Yulatic R, Arnold K, Evans T, Sellers S, Raman V, Foster C, Murray M, Raman V, Brown T, Slater H, Wheeler K, Harlan D, Lee M, Lock JP, Hartigan C, Hubacz L, Buse J, Calikoglu A, Largay J, Young L, Brown H, Duncan V, Duclos M, Tricome J, Brandenburg V, Blehm J, Hallanger-Johnson J, Hanson D, Miller C, Weiss J, Hoffman R, Chaudhari M, Repaske D, Gilson E, Haines J, Rudolph J, McClave C, Biersdorf D, Tello A, Blehm J, Amundson D, Ward R, Rickels M, Dalton-Bakes C, Markman E, Peleckis A, Rosenfeld N, Dolan L, Corathers S, Kichler J, Baugh H, Standiford D, Hassing J, Jones J, Willis S, Willis S, Wysham C, Davis L, Blackman S, Abel KL, Clark L, Jonas A, Kagan E, Sosenko J, Blashke C, Matheson D, Edelen R, Repas T, Baldwin D, Borgwardt T, Conroy C, DeGrote K, Marchiando R, Wasson M, Fox L, Mauras N, Damaso L, Englert K, Hamaty M, Kennedy L, Schweiger M, Konstantinopoulos P, Mawhorter C, Orasko A, Rose D, Deeb L, Rohrbacher K, Schroeder L, Roark A, Ali O, Kramer J, Whitson-Jones D, Potter A, Black M, Brendle F, Gassner H, Kollipara S, Bills V, Duke J, Harwood K, Prasad V, Brault J. Obesity in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes in Germany, Austria, and the United States. J Pediatr 2015; 167:627-32.e1-4. [PMID: 26164381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the current extent of the obesity problem in 2 large pediatric clinical registries in the US and Europe and to examine the hypotheses that increased body mass index (BMI) z-scores (BMIz) are associated with greater hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and increased frequency of severe hypoglycemia in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). STUDY DESIGN International (World Health Organization) and national (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents) BMI references were used to calculate BMIz in participants (age 2-<18 years and ≥ 1 year duration of T1D) enrolled in the T1D Exchange (n = 11,435) and the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (n = 21,501). Associations between BMIz and HbA1c and severe hypoglycemia were assessed. RESULTS Participants in both registries had median BMI values that were greater than international and their respective national reference values. BMIz was significantly greater in the T1D Exchange vs the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (P < .001). After stratification by age-group, no differences in BMI between registries existed for children 2-5 years, but differences were confirmed for 6- to 9-, 10- to 13-, and 14- to 17-year age groups (all P < .001). Greater BMIz were significantly related to greater HbA1c levels and more frequent occurrence of severe hypoglycemia across the registries, although these associations may not be clinically relevant. CONCLUSIONS Excessive weight is a common problem in children with T1D in Germany and Austria and, especially, in the US. Our data suggest that obesity contributes to the challenges in achieving optimal glycemic control in children and adolescents with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia M Hermann
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Roy W Beck
- Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL
| | - Axel Dost
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabine E Hofer
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David M Maahs
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, CO
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Chase HP, Boulware D, Rodriguez H, Donaldson D, Chritton S, Rafkin-Mervis L, Krischer J, Skyler JS, Clare-Salzler M. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on inflammatory cytokine levels in infants at high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16:271-9. [PMID: 25039804 PMCID: PMC4291300 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the inflammatory destruction of pancreatic β-cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on stimulated inflammatory cytokine production in white blood cells (WBC) from infants with a high genetic risk for T1D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a multicenter, two-arm, randomized, double-blind pilot trial of DHA supplementation, beginning either in the last trimester of pregnancy (41 infants) or in the first 5 months after birth (57 infants). Levels of DHA in infant and maternal red blood cell (RBC) membranes and in breast milk were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Inflammatory cytokines were assayed from whole blood culture supernatants using the Luminex multiplex assay after stimulation with high dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 1 µg/mL. RESULTS The levels of RBC DHA were increased by 61-100% in treated compared to control infants at ages 6-36 months. There were no statistically significant reductions in production of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-12p40 at any of the six timepoints measured. The inflammatory marker, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), was significantly lower in breast-fed DHA-treated infants compared to all formula-fed infants at the age of 12 months. Three infants (two received DHA) were removed from the study as a result of developing ≥two persistently positive biochemical islet autoantibodies. CONCLUSIONS This pilot trial showed that supplementation of infant diets with DHA is safe and fulfilled the pre-study goal of increasing infant RBC DHA levels by at least 20%. Inflammatory cytokine production was not consistently reduced.
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Atkinson MA, von Herrath M, Powers AC, Clare-Salzler M. Current concepts on the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes--considerations for attempts to prevent and reverse the disease. Diabetes Care 2015; 38:979-88. [PMID: 25998290 PMCID: PMC4439528 DOI: 10.2337/dc15-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Matthias von Herrath
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA Novo Nordisk R&D Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
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Xia C, Butfiloski E, Clare-Salzler M. Differential response of hematopoietic stem cells to type 1 interferon signaling in nonobese diabetic mouse strain at non-diabetic and diabetic stages (HEM5P.234). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.120.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nonobese diabetic mouse exhibits heightened type I IFN signaling in dendritic cells and it has been demonstrated that type I IFN signaling drastically influences hematopoiesis. In this study, we seek to determine whether heightened type I IFN signaling takes place in NOD hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and whether HSC functioning alters after onset of diabetes. Lin-Sca-1+c-kit+ (LSK) was used to define HSC within which CD48-CD34- cells were defined as dormant HSCs. In contrast to B6 mice, NOD LSKs was much higher, but the Sca-1 levels on HSCs were significantly lower. No significant difference was found between the two strains in terms of dormant HSCs. Notably, there were much higher numbers of CD34+CD48+ HSCs in NOD mice than in B6 mice. NOD HSCs responded to type I IFN-inducing agent, poly I:C at much higher levels than those of B6 mice, showing higher expression levels of Sca-1. The effect of Poly I:C on Sca-1 up-regulation in HSCs was inhibited by anti-IFNR antibodies in both the NOD and B6 mice. Interestingly, NOD HSCs lose their type I IFN-responding capability after onset of diabetes, which could be recovered after normalization of blood glucose, suggesting that hyperglycemia may impact on HSCs in diabetic animals. Our study demonstrates that heightened type I IFN signaling takes place in HSCs of autoimmune diabetes mouse model NOD mice, and hyperglycemia in diabetes may alter HSC functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Xia
- 1Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Edward Butfiloski
- 1Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- 1Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Xia C, Chernatynskaya A, Looney B, Clare-Salzler M. Anti-CD3 antibody treatment induces hypoglycemia and super tolerance to glucose challenge in mice through enhancing glucose consumption by activated lymphocytes (IRC8P.474). The Journal of Immunology 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.190.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Anti-CD3 antibody has been employed in several clinical settings. However, its effect on glucose metablolism has not been well investigated. In the current study, we investigated how anti-CD3 treatment affected blood glucose levels in mice. We found that anti-CD3 treatment induced immediate reduction of blood glucose as early as 3-4 hours post-treatment. Furthermore, we observed that a single dose of anti-CD3 treatment was able to correct hyperglycemia in all diabetic NOD mice. This glucose-lowering effect was not attributable to major T cell cytokines secreted by anti-CD3 activated T cells. Of interest, when tested in a normal strain of mice (C57BL/6), the C-peptide levels in anti-CD3-treated animals were significantly lower than those of control mice. Paradoxically, the anti-CD3-treated animals were highly tolerant to the exogenous glucose challenge. In addition, we found anti-CD3 treatment significantly induced activation of T and B cells in vitro and in vivo. Our further studies showed that anti-CD3 treatment lowered the glucose levels in T cell culture media, and increased the intracellular transportation of 2-NBDG particularly in activated T and B cells. In addition, injection of anti-CD3 antibodies upregulated Glut1 expression in spleen cells. The present study suggests that anti-CD3 therapy-induced hypoglycemia likely results from increased glucose transportation and consumption by the activated lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangQing Xia
- 1Pathology,Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Anna Chernatynskaya
- 1Pathology,Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Benjamin Looney
- 1Pathology,Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- 1Pathology,Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Norris JM, Kroehl M, Fingerlin TE, Frederiksen BN, Seifert J, Wong R, Clare-Salzler M, Rewers M. Erythrocyte membrane docosapentaenoic acid levels are associated with islet autoimmunity: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young. Diabetologia 2014; 57:295-304. [PMID: 24240437 PMCID: PMC3947295 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESES We previously reported that lower n-3 fatty acid intake and levels in erythrocyte membranes were associated with increased risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) but not progression to type 1 diabetes in children at increased risk for diabetes. We hypothesise that specific n-3 fatty acids and genetic markers contribute synergistically to this increased risk of IA in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). METHODS DAISY is following 2,547 children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes for the development of IA, defined as being positive for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)65, IA-2 or insulin autoantibodies on two consecutive visits. Using a case-cohort design, erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and dietary intake were measured prospectively in 58 IA-positive children and 299 IA-negative children. RESULTS Lower membrane levels of the n-3 fatty acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), were predictive of IA (HR 0.23; 95% CI 0.09, 0.55), while α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were not, adjusting for HLA and diabetes family history. We examined whether the effect of dietary intake of the n-3 fatty acid ALA on IA risk was modified by fatty acid elongation and desaturation genes. Adjusting for HLA, diabetes family history, ethnicity, energy intake and questionnaire type, ALA intake was significantly more protective for IA in the presence of an increasing number of minor alleles at FADS1 rs174556 (pinteraction = 0.017), at FADS2 rs174570 (pinteraction = 0.016) and at FADS2 rs174583 (pinteraction = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The putative protective effect of n-3 fatty acids on IA may result from a complex interaction between intake and genetically controlled fatty acid desaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Campus Box B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA,
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Xia CQ, Wan S, Chernatynskaya A, Looney B, Clare-Salzler M. Anti-CD3 antibody treatment induces hypoglycemia and super tolerance to glucose challenge in mice through T cell activation (P5218). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.212.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Anti-CD3 antibody has been used for various immune-mediated disorders through modulating immune responses. However, whether anti-CD3 administration leads to rapid metabolic alternation has not been well investigated. In the current study, we studied how anti-CD3 treatment affected blood glucose levels in mice. We found that anti-CD3 treatment induced immediate reduction of blood glucose as early as 3-4 hours post-administration. Furthermore, we observed that a single dose of anti-CD3 treatment was able to correct hyperglycemia in all nonobese diabetic mice with new-onset diabetes. This glucose-lowering effect was not attributable to major T cell cytokines secreted by anti-CD3 activated T cells. Furthermore, blood glucose levels of NOD-rag-/- mice lacking T cells remained unchanged after anti-CD3 treatment. Of interest, when tested in a normal strain of mice (C57BL/6), the serum levels of C-peptide in anti-CD3-treated animals were significantly lower than those of control animals. Paradoxically, the anti-CD3-treated animals were highly tolerant to the exogenous glucose challenge. In vitro studies demonstrated that anti-CD3 treatment lowered glucose levels in T cell culture media. Further studies showed that anti-CD3 antibody up-regulated GLUT-1 on activated T cells. This study indicates that anti-CD3 therapy-induced hypoglycemia is likely resulted from increased glucose consumption via enhancing glucose transportation into the activated cells induced by anti-CD3 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Xia
- 1Dept. of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- 2Dept Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Suigui Wan
- 1Dept. of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Shuldiner AR, Relling MV, Peterson JF, Hicks JK, Freimuth RR, Sadee W, Pereira NL, Roden DM, Johnson JA, Klein TE, Shuldiner AR, Vesely M, Robinson SW, Ambulos N, Stass SA, Kelemen MD, Brown LA, Pollin TI, Beitelshees AL, Zhao RY, Pakyz RE, Palmer K, Alestock T, O'Neill C, Maloney K, Branham A, Sewell D, Relling MV, Crews K, Hoffman J, Cross S, Haidar C, Baker D, Hicks JK, Bell G, Greeson F, Gaur A, Reiss U, Huettel A, Cheng C, Gajjar A, Pappo A, Howard S, Hudson M, Pui CH, Jeha S, Evans WE, Broeckel U, Altman RB, Gong L, Whirl-Carrillo M, Klein TE, Sadee W, Manickam K, Sweet KM, Embi PJ, Roden D, Peterson J, Denny J, Schildcrout J, Bowton E, Pulley J, Beller M, Mitchell J, Danciu I, Price L, Pereira NL, Weinshilboum R, Wang L, Johnson JA, Nelson D, Clare-Salzler M, Elsey A, Burkley B, Langaee T, Liu F, Nessl D, Dong HJ, Lesko L, Freimuth RR, Chute CG. The Pharmacogenomics Research Network Translational Pharmacogenetics Program: overcoming challenges of real-world implementation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 94:207-10. [PMID: 23588301 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A R Shuldiner
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Xia CQ, Liu YT, Guan QB, Clare-Salzler M. Anti-lymphocyte antibody-based immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2013; 126:957-964. [PMID: 23489809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-qing Xia
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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Miller MR, Yin X, Seifert J, Clare-Salzler M, Eisenbarth GS, Rewers M, Norris JM. Erythrocyte membrane omega-3 fatty acid levels and omega-3 fatty acid intake are not associated with conversion to type 1 diabetes in children with islet autoimmunity: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). Pediatr Diabetes 2011; 12:669-75. [PMID: 21435137 PMCID: PMC3475955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We investigated whether omega-3 fatty acid intake and erythrocyte membrane omega-3 fatty acid levels are associated with conversion to type 1 diabetes in children with islet autoimmunity (IA). METHODS The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young is following children at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes for the development of persistent IA, as defined as being positive for glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, i, or insulin autoantibodies on two consecutive visits, and then for the development of type 1 diabetes, as diagnosed by a physician. One hundred and sixty-seven children with persistent IA were followed for a mean of 4.8 yr, and 45 of these developed type 1 diabetes at a mean age of 8.7 yr. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids (as a percent of total lipid) and dietary fatty acid intake (estimated via food frequency questionnaire) were analyzed as time-varying covariates in proportional hazards survival analysis, with follow-up time starting at detection of the first autoantibody. RESULTS Neither dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids nor omega-6 fatty acids were associated with conversion to type 1 diabetes, adjusting for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, family history of type 1 diabetes, age at first IA positivity, maternal age, maternal education, and maternal ethnicity. Adjusting for HLA-DR, family history of type 1 diabetes and age at first IA positivity, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid levels of erythrocyte membranes were not associated with conversion to type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS In this observational study, omega-3 fatty acid intake and status are not associated with conversion to type 1 diabetes in children with IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Campus Box B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Xiang Yin
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer Seifert
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Campus Box B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Box 100275, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - George S Eisenbarth
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, P. O. Box 6511, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, P. O. Box 6511, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Campus Box B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Blanton D, Han Z, Bierschenk L, Linga-Reddy MP, Wang H, Clare-Salzler M, Haller M, Schatz D, Myhr C, She JX, Wasserfall C, Atkinson M. Reduced serum vitamin D-binding protein levels are associated with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2011; 60:2566-70. [PMID: 21844098 PMCID: PMC3178281 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have noted a specific association between type 1 diabetes and insufficient levels of vitamin D, as well as polymorphisms within genes related to vitamin D pathways. Here, we examined whether serum levels or genotypes of the vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), a molecule key to the biologic actions of vitamin D, specifically associate with the disorder. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of VDBP levels used samples from 472 individuals of similar age and sex distribution, including 153 control subjects, 203 patients with type 1 diabetes, and 116 first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing for VDBP polymorphisms (SNP rs4588 and rs7041) was performed on this cohort to determine potential genetic correlations. In addition, SNP analysis of a second sample set of banked DNA samples from 1,502 type 1 diabetic patients and 1,880 control subjects also was used to determine genotype frequencies. RESULTS Serum VDBP levels were highest in healthy control subjects (median 423.5 µg/mL [range 193.5-4,345.0; interquartile range 354.1-]586), intermediate in first-degree relatives (402.9 µg/mL [204.7-4,850.0; 329.6-492.4]), and lowest in type 1 diabetic patients (385.3 µg/mL [99.3-1,305.0; 328.3-473.0]; P = 0.003 vs. control subjects). VDBP levels did not associate with serum vitamin D levels, age, or disease duration. However, VDBP levels were, overall, lower in male subjects (374.7 µg/mL [188.9-1,602.0; 326.9-449.9]) than female subjects (433.4 µg/mL [99.3-4,850.0; 359.4-567.8]; P < 0.0001). It is noteworthy that no differences in genotype frequencies of the VDBP polymorphisms were associated with serum VDBP levels or between type 1 diabetic patients and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Serum VDBP levels are decreased in those with type 1 diabetes. These studies suggest that multiple components in the metabolic pathway of vitamin D may be altered in type 1 diabetes and, collectively, have the potential to influence disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Blanton
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Zhao Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - M.V. Prasad Linga-Reddy
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - Michael Haller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Desmond Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Courtney Myhr
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Clive Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mark Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Corresponding author: Mark Atkinson,
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Keselowsky B, Lewis J, Carstens M, Xia CQ, Clare-Salzler M. Development of antigen-loaded, immunosuppressive microparticles to modify dendritic cell behavior for the prevention of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. (107.9). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.107.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Antigen-specific immunomodulation remains an important goal in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We hypothesize that in vivo targeting of biodegradable microparticles (MPs) to DCs delivering immunomodulatory agents can promote a tolerogenic DC phenotype and induce Tregs in vivo, in order to ameliorate type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. To test this hypothesis, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) MPs were loaded with antigen - insulin B:9-23, and immunomodulatory factors - vitamin D3 (D3), TGF-B1 and GM-CSF. These MP formulations were injected subcutaneously into 4 week old female NOD mice followed by a booster at 5 weeks of age. Formulations (n = 10) consisted of a.) blank MPs, b.) MPs loaded with insulin peptide only, c.) MPs loaded with GM-CSF + insulin peptide, d.) MPs loaded with D3+TGF-B1+insulin peptide, e.) MPs loaded with GM-CSF+D3+TGF-B1 + insulin peptide. Blood glucose was measured once a week until 32 weeks of age (currently at 22 weeks). Kaplan-Meier analysis at this point reveals an overall p-value of 0.094 for survival proportions among groups, with the highest proportion of non-diabetic mice attributed to the formulation of MPs loaded with GM-CSF+D3+TGF-B1+insulin peptide (60% non-diabetic), compared to the blank MPs with the lowest proportion (20% non-diabetic), suggesting delayed onset of T1D. In vitro mechanistic assessments demonstrate MP formulations are capable of promoting tolerogenic DC phenotype and inducing syngeneic CD4+CD25+foxp3+ regulatory Tcells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Keselowsky
- 1J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jamal Lewis
- 1J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Matthew Carstens
- 1J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Chang Qing Xia
- 1J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- 1J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Miller MR, Seifert J, Szabo NJ, Clare-Salzler M, Rewers M, Norris JM. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acid content in infants consuming formulas supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA): an observational study. Matern Child Nutr 2011; 6:338-46. [PMID: 21050388 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2009.00230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this observational study, we compared erythrocyte membrane fatty acids in infants consuming formula supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) with those consuming other types of milks. In 110 infants who were participants in a cohort study of otherwise healthy children at risk for developing type 1 diabetes, erythrocytes were collected at approximately 9 months of age, and fatty acid content was measured as a percentage of total lipids. Parents reported the type of milk the infants consumed in the month of and prior to erythrocyte collection: infant formula supplemented with ARA and DHA (supplemented formula), formula with no ARA and DHA supplements (non-supplemented formula), breast milk, or non-supplemented formula plus breast milk. Membrane DHA (4.42 versus 1.79, P < 0.001) and omega-3 fatty acid (5.81 versus 3.43, P < 0.001) levels were higher in infants consuming supplemented versus non-supplemented formula. Omega-6 fatty acids were lower in infants consuming supplemented versus non-supplemented formula (26.32 versus 29.68, P = 0.023); ARA did not differ between groups. Infants given supplemented formula had higher DHA (4.42 versus 2.81, P < 0.001) and omega-3 fatty acids (5.81 versus 4.45, P = 0.008) than infants drinking breast milk. In infants whose mothers did not receive any dietary advice, use of supplemented formula is associated with higher omega-3 and lower omega-6 fatty acid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Keselowsky BG, Xia CQ, Clare-Salzler M. Multifunctional dendritic cell-targeting polymeric microparticles: engineering new vaccines for type 1 diabetes. Hum Vaccin 2011; 7:37-44. [PMID: 21157186 DOI: 10.4161/hv.7.1.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Keselowsky
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Xia C, Chernatynskaya A, Campbell K, Clare-Salzler M. Experimental extracorporeal photopheresis therapy prevents type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice (96.3). The Journal of Immunology 2010. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.96.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In our previous studies, we demonstrated that infusion of apoptotic cells significantly prevented type 1 diabetes (T1D) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an apoptotic cell-based therapy in clinic for immune-mediated disorders. In this study we examined experimental ECP therapy in T1D prevention in NOD mice. We discovered that five weekly intravenous injections of ECP-treated NOD spleen cells significantly delayed diabetes onset when NOD mice started to receive treatment at 8 weeks of age. Further cell dose studies demonstrated that low dose ECP-treated spleen cells as low as 2x105/injection/mouse had similar diabetes protection compared to high dose (5x106). In contrast to ECP therapy alone, ECP therapy combined with β cell antigens appeared to improve the protective effect with markedly reduced insulitis in pancreas. ECP and ECP plus β cell antigen therapies increased Foxp3+ Tregs in spleen, and β cell antigen-specific T cell proliferation was significantly suppressed in vivo in these two groups. In addition, we found that ECP therapy did not induce global immunosuppression as well as autoimmunity against nuclear materials. In conclusion, ECP therapy is a safe and effective approach in T1D prevention and has great potential for clinical translation to treat human T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangQing Xia
- 1Department of Pathology, Immunology & Lab Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Anna Chernatynskaya
- 1Department of Pathology, Immunology & Lab Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kim Campbell
- 1Department of Pathology, Immunology & Lab Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- 1Department of Pathology, Immunology & Lab Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
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Shaddox L, Wiedey J, Bimstein E, Magnuson I, Clare-Salzler M, Aukhil I, Wallet SM. Hyper-responsive phenotype in localized aggressive periodontitis. J Dent Res 2009; 89:143-8. [PMID: 20042739 DOI: 10.1177/0022034509353397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'hyper-responsive' trait is an increased inflammatory response upon stimulation of innate immune receptors. Our objective was to determine if a hyper-reactive trait is present in a cohort diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis (LAgP). Peripheral blood was collected from 30 LAgP, 10 healthy unrelated, and 10 healthy sibling participants and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli and P. gingivalis. Cyto/chemokine response profiles were evaluated and analyzed by ANOVA. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cyto/chemokines were detected in E. coli and P. gingivalis LPS-stimulated LAgP cultures when compared with those of healthy unrelated control individuals. Periodontally healthy siblings presented with attenuated hyper-inflammatory cyto/chemokine profiles. Regression analysis demonstrated the hyper-reactive trait to be concomitant expression of pro-inflammatory cyto/chemokines and an absence of anti-inflammatory mediator expression. Our findings demonstrate hyper-responsive trait in a LAgP cohort, along with an attenuated hyper-responsiveness in healthy siblings, which can be induced in response to multiple TLR ligations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shaddox
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32608, USA
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Huang Y, Parker M, Xia C, Peng R, Wasserfall C, Clarke T, Wu L, Chowdhry T, Campbell-Thompson M, Williams J, Clare-Salzler M, Atkinson MA, Womer KL. Rabbit polyclonal mouse antithymocyte globulin administration alters dendritic cell profile and function in NOD mice to suppress diabetogenic responses. J Immunol 2009; 182:4608-15. [PMID: 19342635 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0713269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mouse antithymocyte globulin (mATG) prevents, as well as reverses, type 1 diabetes in NOD mice, through mechanisms involving modulation of the immunoregulatory activities of T lymphocytes. Dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role in the generation of T cell responses, including those relevant to the autoreactive T cells enabling type 1 diabetes. As Abs against DC are likely generated during production of mATG, we examined the impact of this preparation on the phenotype and function of DC to elucidate novel mechanisms underlying its beneficial activities. In vivo, mATG treatment transiently induced the trafficking of mature CD8(-) predominant DC into the pancreatic lymph node of NOD mice. Splenic DC from mATG-treated mice also exhibited a more mature phenotype characterized by reduced CD8 expression and increased IL-10 production. The resultant DC possessed a potent capacity to induce Th2 responses when cultured ex vivo with diabetogenic CD4(+) T cells obtained from BDC2.5 TCR transgenic mice. Cotransfer of these Th2-deviated CD4(+) T cells with splenic cells from newly diabetic NOD mice into NOD.RAG(-/-) mice significantly delayed the onset of diabetes. These studies suggest the alteration of DC profile and function by mATG may skew the Th1/Th2 balance in vivo and through such actions, represent an additional novel mechanism by which this agent provides its beneficial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Huang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA
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Chase HP, Lescheck E, Rafkin-Mervis L, Krause-Steinrauf H, Chritton S, Asare SM, Adams S, Skyler JS, Clare-Salzler M. Nutritional Intervention to Prevent (NIP) Type 1 Diabetes A Pilot Trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1941406409333466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe a pilot trial of using an omega-3 fatty acid (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) to prevent islet cell autoimmunity in infants with an increased risk for developing type 1 diabetes (T1D). Infants from pregnant mothers who either have T1D (or the father or a previous child has T1D) and who entered the study in the third trimester or infants younger than age 5 months having a first-degree family member with T1D were eligible for the study. Infants from either group also had to have an increased genetic (HLA) risk for T1D (or multiple first-degree relatives with T1D) to be eligible. The study is a multicenter, 2-arm, randomized, double-masked clinical trial that will last 4 years (1 year of recruitment and 3 years of treatment). Treatment with DHA (or control) began in the last trimester of pregnancy or in the first 5 months after birth. Inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, eicosanoids, and C-reactive protein, are being measured along with fatty acids in maternal and infant blood. Ninety-eight infants were enrolled (41 during pregnancy and 57 in the 5 months after birth). HLA results of the 97 eligible infants (1 infant had a protective 0602 allele and was thus ineligible) showed that 90 have DR3 and/or DR4. Seven infants were enrolled without DR3/4 but who instead had multiple first-degree relatives with T1D. Compliance has been excellent, and no families have discontinued participation. Intervention trials in this high-risk group are feasible but require significant effort to identify potential participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Lescheck
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of
Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Adams
- George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Lo-Dauer J, Peng R, Xia CQ, Clare-Salzler M. T.19. Dendritic Cell Therapy for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes: Role of Peptide Presentation on Immune Modulation. Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.03.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Simon G, Parker M, Ramiya V, Wasserfall C, Huang Y, Bresson D, Schwartz RF, Campbell-Thompson M, Tenace L, Brusko T, Xue S, Scaria A, Lukason M, Eisenbeis S, Williams J, Clare-Salzler M, Schatz D, Kaplan B, Von Herrath M, Womer K, Atkinson MA. Murine antithymocyte globulin therapy alters disease progression in NOD mice by a time-dependent induction of immunoregulation. Diabetes 2008; 57:405-14. [PMID: 18039815 DOI: 10.2337/db06-1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antilymphocyte serum can reverse overt type 1 diabetes in NOD mice; yet, the therapeutic parameters and immunological mechanisms underlying the ability for this agent to modulate autoimmune responses against beta-cells are unclear, forming the rationale for this investigation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A form of antilymphocyte serum, rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte globulin (mATG), was utilized in a variety of in vivo and in vitro settings, each for the purpose of defining the physiological, immunological, and metabolic activities of this agent, with particular focus on actions influencing development of type 1 diabetes. RESULTS We observed that mATG attenuates type 1 diabetes development in an age-dependent fashion, only proving efficacious at disease onset or in the late pre-diabetic phase (12 weeks of age). When provided at 12 weeks of age, mATG reversed pancreatic insulitis, improved metabolic responses to glucose challenge, and rapidly increased frequency of antigen-presenting cells in spleen and pancreatic lymph nodes. Surprisingly, mATG therapy dramatically increased, in an age-dependent fashion, the frequency and the functional activity of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cells. Adoptive transfer/cotransfer studies of type 1 diabetes also support the concept that mATG treatment induces a stable and transferable immunomodulatory repertoire in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that an induction of immunoregulation, rather than simple lymphocyte depletion, contributes to the therapeutic efficacy of antithymocyte globulin and suggest that time-dependent windows for the ability to delay or reverse type 1 diabetes exist based on the capacity to enhance the functional activity of regulatory T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Simon
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Norris JM, Yin X, Lamb MM, Barriga K, Seifert J, Hoffman M, Orton HD, Barón AE, Clare-Salzler M, Chase HP, Szabo NJ, Erlich H, Eisenbarth GS, Rewers M. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and islet autoimmunity in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes. JAMA 2007; 298:1420-8. [PMID: 17895458 DOI: 10.1001/jama.298.12.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cod liver oil supplements in infancy have been associated with a decreased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in a retrospective study. OBJECTIVE To examine whether intakes of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are associated with the development of islet autoimmunity (IA) in children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A longitudinal, observational study, the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY), conducted in Denver, Colorado, between January 1994 and November 2006, of 1770 children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes, defined as either possession of a high diabetes risk HLA genotype or having a sibling or parent with type 1 diabetes. The mean age at follow-up was 6.2 years. Islet autoimmunity was assessed in association with reported dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids starting at age 1 year. A case-cohort study (N = 244) was also conducted in which risk of IA by polyunsaturated fatty acid content of erythrocyte membranes (as a percentage of total lipids) was examined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Risk of IA, defined as being positive for insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, or insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies on 2 consecutive visits and still autoantibody positive or having diabetes at last follow-up visit. RESULTS Fifty-eight children developed IA. Adjusting for HLA genotype, family history of type 1 diabetes, caloric intake, and omega-6 fatty acid intake, omega-3 fatty acid intake was inversely associated with risk of IA (hazard ratio [HR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.96; P = .04). The association was strengthened when the definition of the outcome was limited to those positive for 2 or more autoantibodies (HR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.09-0.58; P = .002). In the case-cohort study, omega-3 fatty acid content of erythrocyte membranes was also inversely associated with IA risk (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41-0.96; P = .03). CONCLUSION Dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids is associated with reduced risk of IA in children at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Norris
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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Delano MJ, Scumpia PO, Weinstein JS, Coco D, Nagaraj S, Kelly-Scumpia KM, O'Malley KA, Wynn JL, Antonenko S, Al-Quran SZ, Swan R, Chung CS, Atkinson MA, Ramphal R, Gabrilovich DI, Reeves WH, Ayala A, Phillips J, Laface D, Heyworth PG, Clare-Salzler M, Moldawer LL. MyD88-dependent expansion of an immature GR-1(+)CD11b(+) population induces T cell suppression and Th2 polarization in sepsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:1463-74. [PMID: 17548519 PMCID: PMC2118626 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20062602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymicrobial sepsis alters the adaptive immune response and induces T cell suppression and Th2 immune polarization. We identify a GR-1+CD11b+ population whose numbers dramatically increase and remain elevated in the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow during polymicrobial sepsis. Phenotypically, these cells are heterogeneous, immature, predominantly myeloid progenitors that express interleukin 10 and several other cytokines and chemokines. Splenic GR-1+ cells effectively suppress antigen-specific CD8+ T cell interferon (IFN) γ production but only modestly suppress antigen-specific and nonspecific CD4+ T cell proliferation. GR-1+ cell depletion in vivo prevents both the sepsis-induced augmentation of Th2 cell–dependent and depression of Th1 cell–dependent antibody production. Signaling through MyD88, but not Toll-like receptor 4, TIR domain–containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β, or the IFN-α/β receptor, is required for complete GR-1+CD11b+ expansion. GR-1+CD11b+ cells contribute to sepsis-induced T cell suppression and preferential Th2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Delano
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Orton HD, Szabo NJ, Clare-Salzler M, Norris JM. Comparison between omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes as assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition in young children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 62:733-8. [PMID: 17440518 PMCID: PMC2896066 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a dietary validation study in youth aged 1-11 years by comparing dietary intake of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as assessed by a parent-completed semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) over time to erythrocyte membrane composition of the same fatty acids. DESIGN The study population included youth aged 1-11 years who were participants in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY), a longitudinal study in Denver, Colorado that is following a cohort of youth at risk for developing type I diabetes. Four hundred and four children who had erythrocyte membrane fatty acid data matched to an FFQ corresponding to the same time frame for a total of 917 visits (matches) were included. PUFA intake was expressed both as g/day (adjusted for total energy) and as percent of total fat intake. We used mixed models to test the association and calculate the correlation between the erythrocyte membrane estimates and PUFA intake using all records of data for each youth. RESULTS Intakes of total omega-3 fatty acids (beta=0.52, P<0.0001, rho=0.23) and marine PUFAs (beta=1.62, P<0.0001, rho=0.42), as a percent of total fat in the diet, were associated with percent of omega-3 and marine PUFAs in the erythrocyte membrane. Intakes of omega-6 PUFAs (beta=0.04, P=0.418, rho=0.05) and arachidonic acid (beta=0.31, P=0.774, rho=0.01) were not associated. CONCLUSIONS In these young children, an FFQ using parental report provided estimates of average long-term intakes of marine PUFAs that correlated well with their erythrocyte cell membrane fatty acid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D. Orton
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262
| | - Nancy J. Szabo
- Analytical Toxicology Core Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jill M. Norris
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262
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Davoodi-Semiromi A, Cheikhi A, Xia C, Litherland S, Clare-Salzler M. Modulation of CD4+Foxp3− T-cells with a JAK-STAT5 kinase inhibitor (131.2). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.131.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study we report AG490 treatment reprograms CD4+CD25− Fox3−T-cells into Foxp3 expressing T-cells which possess regulatory function both in-vitro and in-vivo. CD4+CD25− Fox3−T-cells from transgenic BALB/c DO11.10 mice became Foxp3+ when treated in-vitro with AG490. These T-cells possessed regulatory function as they suppressed proliferation of syngenic responding population (CD4+CD25− T-cells) in response to OVA323–329 peptide in-vitro. Purified CD4 T-cells from BALB/c mice treated with AG490 failed to suppress proliferation of transgenic CD4+CD25− T-cells of BALB/c DO11.10 suggesting antigen-specific function of converted population. Our in-vivo preliminary data regarding adoptive co-transfer of bulk CD4+CD25− Foxp3−T-cells treated with AG490 and diabetogenic splenocytes delayed onset of diabetes in 20% of treated mice for 9-weeks. Furthermore we show treatment of diabetic NOD.scid mice (recipient of diabetic splenocytes and CD4+CD25− T-cells) with AG490 increased numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T-cells when compared with the same population in B6 and NOD mice and posses regulatory function. Splenocytes of treated mice were anergic to anti-CD3 and CD28 stimulation and purified CD4+CD25+ T-cells suppressed proliferation of responding population in-vitro. In this report, we for the first time uncovered new properties of AG490 in the immune system by demonstrating upregulation of Foxp3 in CD4+CD25− T-cells and propose that NOD islet antigen-specific CD4+Foxp3− T-cells reprograms by AG490 may significantly delay/prevent onset of diabetes in NOD mice.
This study is supported by a JDRF innovative grant awarded to ADS (5-2006-937) and in part by a grant awarded to MCS (JDRF # 1-2004-690).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Cheikhi
- University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - ChangQing Xia
- University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Sally Litherland
- University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL, 32610
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Davoodi-Semiromi A, McDuffie M, Litherland S, Clare-Salzler M. Truncated pStat5B is associated with the Idd4 locus in NOD mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 356:655-61. [PMID: 17382905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate JAK-STAT5 activation and its relationship to full-length Stat5B (FL-Stat5) and constitutive phosphorylated carboxy-truncated Stat5B (ct-pStat5) in four different strains of mouse. Our electrophoresis mobility shift assays data indicate constitutive phosphorylation of full-length-Stat5 (p<0.001) and DNA binding in NOD but not in B6 mice. Our data suggest that the relative ratio of FL-Stat5: ct-Stat5 in NOD is 5- to 8-fold lower (p<0.0001) when compared with normal B6 mice. Additionally, EMSAs data from B6.NOD/c11 suggest contribution of Idd4 susceptibility locus on chromosome 11 in constitutive phosphorylation of Stat5 in NOD mice. The presence of ct-pStat5 in regulatory T cells of NOD mice suggests this form of Stat5 is associated with impaired function of Tregs in NOD mouse. In agreement with our previous report the JAK-Stat5B defective pathway in NOD mice along with other defective factors is associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoreza Davoodi-Semiromi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Brusko T, Wasserfall C, McGrail K, Schatz R, Viener HL, Schatz D, Haller M, Rockell J, Gottlieb P, Clare-Salzler M, Atkinson M. No alterations in the frequency of FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2007; 56:604-12. [PMID: 17327427 DOI: 10.2337/db06-1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) play a critical role in maintaining dominant peripheral tolerance. Previous characterizations of Tregs in type 1 diabetes have used antibodies against CD4 and alpha-chain of the interleukin-2 receptor complex (CD25). This report extends those investigations by the addition of a more lineage-specific marker for Tregs, transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), in subjects with type 1 diabetes, their first-degree relatives, and healthy control subjects. With inclusion of this marker, two predominant populations of CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cells were identified: CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) as well as CD4(+)FOXP3(-) T-cells expressing low levels of CD25 (CD4(+)CD25(LOW)FOXP3(-)). In all study groups, the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) cells was age independent, whereas CD4(+)CD25(LOW)FOXP3(-) cell frequencies strongly associated with age. In terms of additional markers for delineating cells of Treg lineage, FOXP3(+) cells were CD127(-) to CD127(LOW) whereas CD25(+) cells were less restricted in their expression of this marker, with CD127 expressed across a continuum of levels. Importantly, no differences were observed in the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T-cells in individuals with or at varying degrees of risk for type 1 diabetes. These investigations suggest that altered peripheral blood frequencies of Tregs, as defined by the expression of FOXP3, are not specifically associated with type 1 diabetes and continue to highlight age as an important variable in analysis of immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Brusko
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610-0275, USA
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Rodriguez M, Clare-Salzler M. Eicosanoid imbalance in the NOD mouse is related to a dysregulation in soluble epoxide hydrolase and 15-PGDH expression. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1079:130-4. [PMID: 17130543 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1375.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids promote or resolve inflammation depending on the class produced. Macrophage from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse produce increased proinflammatory lipid mediators and low levels of antiinflammatory lipoxin A4 (LXA4). The enhanced proinflammatory eicosanoids is secondary to increased cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression and low levels of prostaglandin/leukotriene catabolic enzyme, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). Deficient LXA4 production is not due to deficient lipoxygenase (LO) activity, but is related to increased soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), involved in metabolism of anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET). These aberrations in eicosanoid biology suggest that inflammation in the NOD mouse is likely to be prolonged and robust and may contribute to type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road No. D11-41, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Lee CH, Chen YG, Chen J, Reifsnyder PC, Serreze DV, Clare-Salzler M, Rodriguez M, Wasserfall C, Atkinson MA, Leiter EH. Novel leptin receptor mutation in NOD/LtJ mice suppresses type 1 diabetes progression: II. Immunologic analysis. Diabetes 2006; 55:171-8. [PMID: 16380490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we identified in normally type 1 diabetes-prone NOD/LtJ mice a spontaneous new leptin receptor (LEPR) mutation (designated Lepr(db-5J)) producing juvenile obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia. This early type 2 diabetes syndrome suppressed intra-islet insulitis and permitted spontaneous diabetes remission. No significant differences in plasma corticosterone, splenic CD4(+) or CD8(+) T-cell percentages, or functions of CD3(+) T-cells in vitro distinguished NOD wild-type from mutant mice. Yet splenocytes from hyperglycemic mutant donors failed to transfer type 1 diabetes into NOD.Rag1(-/-) recipients over a 13-week period, whereas wild-type donor cells did so. This correlated with significantly reduced (P < 0.01) frequencies of insulin and islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein-reactive CD8(+) T-effector clonotypes in mutant mice. Intra-islet insulitis was also significantly suppressed in lethally irradiated NOD-Lepr(db-5J)/Lt recipients reconstituted with wild-type bone marrow (P < 0.001). In contrast, type 1 diabetes eventually developed when mutant marrow was transplanted into irradiated wild-type recipients. Mitogen-induced T-cell blastogenesis was significantly suppressed when splenic T-cells from both NOD/Lt and NOD-Lepr(db-5J)/Lt donors were incubated with irradiated mutant peritoneal exudate cells (P < 0.005). In conclusion, metabolic disturbances elicited by a type 2 diabetes syndrome (insulin and/or leptin resistance, but not hypercorticism) appear to suppress type 1 diabetes development in NOD-Lepr(db-5J)/Lt by inhibiting activation of T-effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Ho Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St., Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.
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50
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Efron PA, Martins A, Minnich D, Tinsley K, Ungaro R, Bahjat FR, Hotchkiss R, Clare-Salzler M, Moldawer LL. Characterization of the systemic loss of dendritic cells in murine lymph nodes during polymicrobial sepsis. J Immunol 2004; 173:3035-43. [PMID: 15322163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.5.3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in critical illness and are depleted in spleens from septic patients and mice. To date, few studies have characterized the systemic effect of sepsis on DC populations in lymphoid tissues. We analyzed the phenotype of DCs and Th cells present in the local (mesenteric) and distant (inguinal and popliteal) lymph nodes of mice with induced polymicrobial sepsis (cecal ligation and puncture). Flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that there was a significant local (mesenteric nodes) and partial systemic (inguinal, but not popliteal nodes) loss of DCs from lymph nodes in septic mice, and that this process was associated with increased apoptosis. This sepsis-induced loss of DCs occurred after CD3(+)CD4(+) T cell activation and loss in the lymph nodes, and the loss of DCs was not preceded by any sustained increase in their maturation status. In addition, there was no preferential loss of either mature/activated (MHCII(high)/CD86(high)) or immature (MHCII(low)/CD86(low)) DCs during sepsis. However, there was a preferential loss of CD8(+) DCs in the local and distant lymph nodes. The loss of DCs in lymphoid tissue, particularly CD8(+) lymphoid-derived DCs, may contribute to the alterations in acquired immune status that frequently accompany sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32608, USA
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