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El Zarif T, Pond G, Nassar A, Adib E, Freeman D, Thomas J, Kalluri U, Matar A, Kelly E, Curran C, Kadamkulam Syriac A, McClure H, Davidsohn M, Labaki C, Saliby R, Hobeika C, Nuzzo P, Berchuck J, Choueiri T, Sonpavde G. 116P Any regression of tumor (ART) as an intermediate endpoint in patients (pts) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI): A pan-cancer analysis. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Muralidhar V, Carvalho F, Preston M, Curran C, Freeman D, Sonpavde G, Kibel A, Van Allen E, Mossanen M, Mouw K. Genomic Features of Radiation-Associated Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ravi P, Ravi A, Bin Riaz I, Freeman D, Curran C, Mantia C, McGregor B, Kilbridge K, Pan CX, Pek M, Choudhury Y, Corsaro N, Tan MH, Sonpavde G. 709P Serial circulating tumor (ct)-DNA alterations using amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Freeman
- University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville Florida USA
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Freeman D, Bajón Fernández Y, Wilson A, McKew BA, Whitby C, Clark DR, Jefferson B, Coulon F, Hassard F. Nitrogen oxidation consortia dynamics influence the performance of full-scale rotating biological contactors. Environ Int 2020; 135:105354. [PMID: 31864025 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia oxidising microorganisms (AOM) play an important role in ammonia removal in wastewater treatment works (WWTW) including rotating biological contactors (RBCs). Environmental factors within RBCs are known to impact the performance of key AOM, such that only some operational RBCs have shown ability for elevated ammonia removal. In this work, long-term treatment performance of seven full-scale RBC systems along with the structure and abundance of the ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) communities within microbial biofilms were examined. Long term data showed the dominance of AOB in most RBCs, although two RBCs had demonstrable shift toward an AOA dominated AOM community. Next Generation Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed diverse evolutionary ancestry of AOB from RBC biofilms while nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOBs) were similar to reference databases. AOA were more abundant in the biofilms subject to lower organic loading and higher oxygen concentration found at the distal end of RBC systems. Modelling revealed a distinct nitrogen cycling community present within high performing RBCs, linked to efficient control of RBC process variables (retention time, organic loading and oxygen concentration). We present a novel template for enhancing the resilience of RBC systems through microbial community analysis which can guide future strategies for more effective ammonia removal. To best of the author's knowledge, this is the first comparative study reporting the use of next generation sequencing data on microbial biofilms from RBCs to inform effluent quality of small WWTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Freeman
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; Severn Trent, 2 St Johns Street, Coventry CV1 2LZ, UK
| | - Y Bajón Fernández
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; Severn Trent, 2 St Johns Street, Coventry CV1 2LZ, UK
| | - A Wilson
- Severn Trent, 2 St Johns Street, Coventry CV1 2LZ, UK; Atkins Global, The Axis, 10 Holliday St, Birmingham B1 1TF, UK
| | - B A McKew
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - C Whitby
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - D R Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - B Jefferson
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - F Coulon
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - F Hassard
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
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Kuipers J, Moffa G, Kuipers E, Freeman D, Bebbington P. Links between psychotic and neurotic symptoms in the general population: an analysis of longitudinal British National Survey data using Directed Acyclic Graphs. Psychol Med 2019; 49:388-395. [PMID: 29808787 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-psychotic affective symptoms are important components of psychotic syndromes. They are frequent and are now thought to influence the emergence of paranoia and hallucinations. Evidence supporting this model of psychosis comes from recent cross-fertilising epidemiological and intervention studies. Epidemiological studies identify plausible targets for intervention but must be interpreted cautiously. Nevertheless, causal inference can be strengthened substantially using modern statistical methods. METHODS Directed Acyclic Graphs were used in a dynamic Bayesian network approach to learn the overall dependence structure of chosen variables. DAG-based inference identifies the most likely directional links between multiple variables, thereby locating them in a putative causal cascade. We used initial and 18-month follow-up data from the 2000 British National Psychiatric Morbidity survey (N = 8580 and N = 2406). RESULTS We analysed persecutory ideation, hallucinations, a range of affective symptoms and the effects of cannabis and problematic alcohol use. Worry was central to the links between symptoms, with plausible direct effects on insomnia, depressed mood and generalised anxiety, and recent cannabis use. Worry linked the other affective phenomena with paranoia. Hallucinations were connected only to worry and persecutory ideation. General anxiety, worry, sleep problems, and persecutory ideation were strongly self-predicting. Worry and persecutory ideation were connected over the 18-month interval in an apparent feedback loop. CONCLUSIONS These results have implications for understanding dynamic processes in psychosis and for targeting psychological interventions. The reciprocal influence of worry and paranoia implies that treating either symptom is likely to ameliorate the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuipers
- D-BSSE, ETH Zurich,Basel,Switzerland
| | - G Moffa
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel,Basel,Switzerland
| | - E Kuipers
- Department of Psychology,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,De Crespigny Park,London,UK
| | - D Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry,Warneford Hospital,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK
| | - P Bebbington
- Division of Psychiatry,University College London,London,UK
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Triolo TM, Fouts A, Pyle L, Yu L, Gottlieb PA, Steck AK, Greenbaum CJ, Atkinson M, Baidal D, Battaglia M, Becker D, Bingley P, Bosi E, Buckner J, Clements M, Colman P, DiMeglio L, Gitelman S, Goland R, Gottlieb P, Herold K, Knip M, Krischer J, Lernmark A, Moore W, Moran A, Muir A, Palmer J, Peakman M, Philipson L, Raskin P, Redondo M, Rodriguez H, Russell W, Spain L, Schatz D, Sosenko J, Wentworth J, Wherrett D, Wilson D, Winter W, Ziegler A, Anderson M, Antinozzi P, Benoist C, Blum J, Bourcier K, Chase P, Clare-Salzler M, Clynes R, Eisenbarth G, Fathman C, Grave G, Hering B, Insel R, Kaufman F, Kay T, Leschek E, Mahon J, Marks J, Nanto-Salonen K, Nepom G, Orban T, Parkman R, Pescovitz M, Peyman J, Pugliese A, Roep B, Roncarolo M, Savage P, Simell O, Sherwin R, Siegelman M, Skyler J, Steck A, Thomas J, Trucco M, Wagner J, Krischer JP, Leschek E, Rafkin L, Bourcier K, Cowie C, Foulkes M, Insel R, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lachin JM, Malozowski S, Peyman J, Ridge J, Savage P, Skyler JS, Zafonte SJ, Rafkin L, Sosenko JM, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Krischer JP, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Dixit S, Pasha M, King K, Adcock H, Atterberry L, Fox K, Englert N, Mauras J, Permuy K, Sikes T, Adams T, Berhe B, Guendling L, McLennan L, Paganessi C, Murphy M, Draznin M, Kamboj S, Sheppard V, Lewis L, Coates W, Amado D, Moore G, Babar J, Bedard D, Brenson-Hughes J, Cernich M, Clements R, Duprau S, Goodman L, Hester L, Huerta-Saenz A, Asif I, Karmazin T, Letjen S, Raman D, Morin W, Bestermann E, Morawski J, White A, Brockmyer R, Bays S, Campbell A, Boonstra M, Stapleton N, Stone A, Donoho H, Everett H, Hensley M, Johnson C, Marshall N, Skirvin P, Taylor R, Williams L, Burroughs C, Ray C, Wolverton D, Nickels C, Dothard P, Speiser M, Pellizzari L, Bokor K, Izuora S, Abdelnour P, Cummings S, Cuthbertson D, Paynor M, Leahy M, Riedl S, Shockley R, Saad T, Briones S, Casella C, Herz K, Walsh J, Greening F, Deemer M, Hay S, Hunt N, Sikotra L, Simons D, Karounos R, Oremus L, Dye L, Myers D, Ballard W, Miers R, Eberhard C, Sparks K, Thraikill K, Edwards J, Fowlkes S, Kemp A, Morales L, Holland L, Johnson P, Paul A, Ghatak K, Fiske S, Phelen H, Leyland T, Henderson D, Brenner E, Oppenheimer I, Mamkin C, Moniz C, Clarson M, Lovell A, Peters V, Ford J, Ruelas D, Borut D, Burt M, Jordan S, Castilla P, Flores M, Ruiz L, Hanson J, Green-Blair R, Sheridan K, Garmeson J, Wintergerst G, Pierce A, Omoruyi M, Foster S, Kingery A, Lunsford I, Cervantes T, Parker P, Price J, Urben I, Guillette H, Doughty H, Haydock V, Parker P, Bergman S, Duncum C, Rodda A, Perelman R, Calendo C, Barrera E, Arce-Nunez Y, Geyer S, Martinez M, De la Portilla I, Cardenas L, Garrido M, Villar R, Lorini E, Calandra G, D’Annuzio K, Perri N, Minuto C, Hays B, Rebora R, Callegari O, Ali J, Kramer B, Auble S, Cabrera P, Donohoue R, Fiallo-Scharer M, Hessner P, Wolfgram A, Henderson C, Kansra N, Bettin R, McCuller A, Miller S, Accacha J, Corrigan E, Fiore R, Levine T, Mahoney C, Polychronakos V, Henry M, Gagne H, Starkman M, Fox D, Chin F, Melchionne L, Silverman I, Marshall L, Cerracchio J, Cruz A, Viswanathan J, Heyman K, Wilson S, Chalew S, Valley S, Layburn A, Lala P, Clesi M, Genet G, Uwaifo A, Charron T, Allerton W, Hsiao B, Cefalu L, Melendez-Ramirez R, Richards C, Alleyn E, Gustafson M, Lizanna J, Wahlen S, Aleiwe M, Hansen H, Wahlen C, Karges C, Levy A, Bonaccorso R, Rapaport Y, Tomer D, Chia M, Goldis L, Iazzetti M, Klein C, Levister L, Waldman E, Keaton N, Wallach M, Regelmann Z, Antal M, Aranda C, Reynholds A, Vinik P, Barlow M, Bourcier M, Nevoret J, Couper S, Kinderman A, Beresford N, Thalagne H, Roper J, Gibbons J, Hill S, Balleaut C, Brennan J, Ellis-Gage L, Fear T, Gray L, Law P, Jones C, McNerney L, Pointer N, Price K, Few D, Tomlinson N, Leech D, Wake C, Owens M, Burns J, Leinbach A, Wotherspoon A, Murray K, Short G, Curry S, Kelsey J, Lawson J, Porter S, Stevens E, Thomson S, Winship L, Liu S, Wynn E, Wiltshire J, Krebs P, Cresswell H, Faherty C, Ross L, Denvir J, Drew T, Randell P, Mansell S, Lloyd J, Bell S, Butler Y, Hooton H, Navarra A, Roper G, Babington L, Crate H, Cripps A, Ledlie C, Moulds R, Malloy J, Norton B, Petrova O, Silkstone C, Smith K, Ghai M, Murray V, Viswanathan M, Henegan O, Kawadry J, Olson L, Maddox K, Patterson T, Ahmad B, Flores D, Domek S, Domek K, Copeland M, George J, Less T, Davis M, Short A, Martin J, Dwarakanathan P, O’Donnell B, Boerner L, Larson M, Phillips M, Rendell K, Larson C, Smith K, Zebrowski L, Kuechenmeister M, Miller J, Thevarayapillai M, Daniels H, Speer N, Forghani R, Quintana C, Reh A, Bhangoo P, Desrosiers L, Ireland T, Misla C, Milliot E, Torres S, Wells J, Villar M, Yu D, Berry D, Cook J, Soder A, Powell M, Ng M, Morrison Z, Moore M, Haslam M, Lawson B, Bradley J, Courtney C, Richardson C, Watson E, Keely D, DeCurtis M, Vaccarcello-Cruz Z, Torres K, Muller S, Sandberg H, Hsiang B, Joy D, McCormick A, Powell H, Jones J, Bell S, Hargadon S, Hudson M, Kummer S, Nguyen T, Sauder E, Sutton K, Gensel R, Aguirre-Castaneda V, Benavides, Lopez D, Hemp S, Allen J, Stear E, Davis T, O’Donnell R, Jones A, Roberts J, Dart N, Paramalingam L, Levitt Katz N, Chaudhary K, Murphy S, Willi B, Schwartzman C, Kapadia D, Roberts A, Larson D, McClellan G, Shaibai L, Kelley G, Villa C, Kelley R, Diamond M, Kabbani T, Dajani F, Hoekstra M, Sadler K, Magorno J, Holst V, Chauhan N, Wilson P, Bononi M, Sperl A, Millward M, Eaton L, Dean J, Olshan H, Stavros T, Renna C, Milliard, Brodksy L, Bacon J, Quintos L, Topor S, Bialo B, Bancroft A, Soto W, Lagarde H, Tamura R, Lockemer T, Vanderploeg M, Ibrahim M, Huie V, Sanchez R, Edelen R, Marchiando J, Palmer T, Repas M, Wasson P, Wood K, Auker J, Culbertson T, Kieffer D, Voorhees T, Borgwardt L, DeRaad K, Eckert E, Isaacson H, Kuhn A, Carroll M, Xu P, Schubert G, Francis S, Hagan T, Le M, Penn E, Wickham C, Leyva K, Rivera J, Padilla I, Rodriguez N, Young K, Jospe J, Czyzyk B, Johnson U, Nadgir N, Marlen G, Prakasam C, Rieger N, Glaser E, Heiser B, Harris C, Alies P, Foster H, Slater K, Wheeler D, Donaldson M, Murray D, Hale R, Tragus D, Word J, Lynch L, Pankratz W, Badias F, Rogers R, Newfield S, Holland M, Hashiguchi M, Gottschalk A, Philis-Tsimikas R, Rosal S, Franklin S, Guardado N, Bohannon M, Baker A, Garcia T, Aguinaldo J, Phan V, Barraza D, Cohen J, Pinsker U, Khan J, Wiley L, Jovanovic P, Misra M, Bassi M, Wright D, Cohen K, Huang M, Skiles S, Maxcy C, Pihoker K, Cochrane J, Fosse S, Kearns M, Klingsheim N, Beam C, Wright L, Viles H, Smith S, Heller M, Cunningham A, Daniels L, Zeiden J, Field R, Walker K, Griffin L, Boulware D, Bartholow C, Erickson J, Howard B, Krabbenhoft C, Sandman A, Vanveldhuizen J, Wurlger A, Zimmerman K, Hanisch L, Davis-Keppen A, Bounmananh L, Cotterill J, Kirby M, Harris A, Schmidt C, Kishiyama C, Flores J, Milton W, Martin C, Whysham A, Yerka T, Bream S, Freels J, Hassing J, Webster R, Green P, Carter J, Galloway D, Hoelzer S, Roberts S, Said P, Sullivan H, Freeman D, Allen E, Reiter E, Feinberg C, Johnson L, Newhook D, Hagerty N, White L, Levandoski J, Kyllo M, Johnson C, Gough J, Benoit P, Iyer F, Diamond H, Hosono S, Jackman L, Barette P, Jones I, Sills S, Bzdick J, Bulger R, Ginem J, Weinstock I, Douek R, Andrews G, Modgill G, Gyorffy L, Robin N, Vaidya S, Crouch K, O’Brien C, Thompson N, Granger M, Thorne J, Blumer J, Kalic L, Klepek J, Paulett B, Rosolowski J, Horner M, Watkins J, Casey K, Carpenter C, Michelle Kieffer MH, Burns J, Horton C, Pritchard D, Soetaert A, Wynne C, Chin O, Molina C, Patel R, Senguttuvan M, Wheeler O, Lane P, Furet C, Steuhm D, Jelley S, Goudeau L, Chalmers D, Greer C, Panagiotopoulos D, Metzger D, Nguyen M, Horowitz M, Linton C, Christiansen E, Glades C, Morimoto M, Macarewich R, Norman K, Patin C, Vargas A, Barbanica A, Yu P, Vaidyanathan W, Nallamshetty L, Osborne R, Mehra S, Kaster S, Neace J, Horner G, Reeves C, Cordrey L, Marrs T, Miller S, Dowshen D, Oduah V, Doyle S, Walker D, Catte H, Dean M, Drury-Brown B, Hackman M, Lee S, Malkani K, Cullen K, Johnson P, Parrimon Y, Hampton M, McCarrell C, Curtis E, Paul, Zambrano Y, Paulus K, Pilger J, Ramiro J, Luvon Ritzie AQ, Sharma A, Shor A, Song X, Terry A, Weinberger J, Wootten M, Lachin JM, Foulkes M, Harding P, Krause-Steinrauf H, McDonough S, McGee PF, Owens Hess K, Phoebus D, Quinlan S, Raiden E, Batts E, Buddy C, Kirpatrick K, Ramey M, Shultz A, Webb C, Romesco M, Fradkin J, Leschek E, Spain L, Savage P, Aas S, Blumberg E, Beck G, Brillon D, Gubitosi-Klug R, Laffel L, Vigersky R, Wallace D, Braun J, Lernmark A, Lo B, Mitchell H, Naji A, Nerup J, Orchard T, Steffes M, Tsiatis A, Veatch R, Zinman B, Loechelt B, Baden L, Green M, Weinberg A, Marcovina S, Palmer JP, Weinberg A, Yu L, Babu S, Winter W, Eisenbarth GS, Bingley P, Clynes R, DiMeglio L, Eisenbarth G, Hays B, Leschek E, Marks J, Matheson D, Rafkin L, Rodriguez H, Spain L, Wilson D, Redondo M, Gomez D, McDonald A, Pena S, Pietropaolo M, Shippy K, Batts E, Brown T, Buckner J, Dove A, Hammond M, Hefty D, Klein J, Kuhns K, Letlau M, Lord S, McCulloch-Olson M, Miller L, Nepom G, Odegard J, Ramey M, Sachter E, St. Marie M, Stickney K, VanBuecken D, Vellek B, Webber C, Allen L, Bollyk J, Hilderman N, Ismail H, Lamola S, Sanda S, Vendettuoli H, Tridgell D, Monzavi R, Bock M, Fisher L, Halvorson M, Jeandron D, Kim M, Wood J, Geffner M, Kaufman F, Parkman R, Salazar C, Goland R, Clynes R, Cook S, Freeby M, Pat Gallagher M, Gandica R, Greenberg E, Kurland A, Pollak S, Wolk A, Chan M, Koplimae L, Levine E, Smith K, Trast J, DiMeglio L, Blum J, Evans-Molina C, Hufferd R, Jagielo B, Kruse C, Patrick V, Rigby M, Spall M, Swinney K, Terrell J, Christner L, Ford L, Lynch S, Menendez M, Merrill P, Pescovitz M, Rodriguez H, Alleyn C, Baidal D, Fay S, Gaglia J, Resnick B, Szubowicz S, Weir G, Benjamin R, Conboy D, deManbey A, Jackson R, Jalahej H, Orban T, Ricker A, Wolfsdorf J, Zhang HH, Wilson D, Aye T, Baker B, Barahona K, Buckingham B, Esrey K, Esrey T, Fathman G, Snyder R, Aneja B, Chatav M, Espinoza O, Frank E, Liu J, Perry J, Pyle R, Rigby A, Riley K, Soto A, Gitelman S, Adi S, Anderson M, Berhel A, Breen K, Fraser K, Gerard-Gonzalez A, Jossan P, Lustig R, Moassesfar S, Mugg A, Ng D, Prahalod P, Rangel-Lugo M, Sanda S, Tarkoff J, Torok C, Wesch R, Aslan I, Buchanan J, Cordier J, Hamilton C, Hawkins L, Ho T, Jain A, Ko K, Lee T, Phelps S, Rosenthal S, Sahakitrungruang T, Stehl L, Taylor L, Wertz M, Wong J, Philipson L, Briars R, Devine N, Littlejohn E, Grant T, Gottlieb P, Klingensmith G, Steck A, Alkanani A, Bautista K, Bedoy R, Blau A, Burke B, Cory L, Dang M, Fitzgerald-Miller L, Fouts A, Gage V, Garg S, Gesauldo P, Gutin R, Hayes C, Hoffman M, Ketchum K, Logsden-Sackett N, Maahs D, Messer L, Meyers L, Michels A, Peacock S, Rewers M, Rodriguez P, Sepulbeda F, Sippl R, Steck A, Taki I, Tran BK, Tran T, Wadwa RP, Zeitler P, Barker J, Barry S, Birks L, Bomsburger L, Bookert T, Briggs L, Burdick P, Cabrera R, Chase P, Cobry E, Conley A, Cook G, Daniels J, DiDomenico D, Eckert J, Ehler A, Eisenbarth G, Fain P, Fiallo-Scharer R, Frank N, Goettle H, Haarhues M, Harris S, Horton L, Hutton J, Jeffrrey J, Jenison R, Jones K, Kastelic W, King MA, Lehr D, Lungaro J, Mason K, Maurer H, Nguyen L, Proto A, Realsen J, Schmitt K, Schwartz M, Skovgaard S, Smith J, Vanderwel B, Voelmle M, Wagner R, Wallace A, Walravens P, Weiner L, Westerhoff B, Westfall E, Widmer K, Wright H, Schatz D, Abraham A, Atkinson M, Cintron M, Clare-Salzler M, Ferguson J, Haller M, Hosford J, Mancini D, Rohrs H, Silverstein J, Thomas J, Winter W, Cole G, Cook R, Coy R, Hicks E, Lewis N, Marks J, Pugliese A, Blaschke C, Matheson D, Pugliese A, Sanders-Branca N, Ray Arce LA, Cisneros M, Sabbag S, Moran A, Gibson C, Fife B, Hering B, Kwong C, Leschyshyn J, Nathan B, Pappenfus B, Street A, Boes MA, Peterson Eck S, Finney L, Albright Fischer T, Martin A, Jacqueline Muzamhindo C, Rhodes M, Smith J, Wagner J, Wood B, Becker D, Delallo K, Diaz A, Elnyczky B, Libman I, Pasek B, Riley K, Trucco M, Copemen B, Gwynn D, Toledo F, Rodriguez H, Bollepalli S, Diamond F, Eyth E, Henson D, Lenz A, Shulman D, Raskin P, Adhikari S, Dickson B, Dunnigan E, Lingvay I, Pruneda L, Ramos-Roman M, Raskin P, Rhee C, Richard J, Siegelman M, Sturges D, Sumpter K, White P, Alford M, Arthur J, Aviles-Santa ML, Cordova E, Davis R, Fernandez S, Fordan S, Hardin T, Jacobs A, Kaloyanova P, Lukacova-Zib I, Mirfakhraee S, Mohan A, Noto H, Smith O, Torres N, Wherrett D, Balmer D, Eisel L, Kovalakovska R, Mehan M, Sultan F, Ahenkorah B, Cevallos J, Razack N, Jo Ricci M, Rhode A, Srikandarajah M, Steger R, Russell WE, Black M, Brendle F, Brown A, Moore D, Pittel E, Robertson A, Shannon A, Thomas JW, Herold K, Feldman L, Sherwin R, Tamborlane W, Weinzimer S, Toppari J, Kallio T, Kärkkäinen M, Mäntymäki E, Niininen T, Nurmi B, Rajala P, Romo M, Suomenrinne S, Näntö-Salonen K, Simell O, Simell T, Bosi E, Battaglia M, Bianconi E, Bonfanti R, Grogan P, Laurenzi A, Martinenghi S, Meschi F, Pastore M, Falqui L, Teresa Muscato M, Viscardi M, Bingley P, Castleden H, Farthing N, Loud S, Matthews C, McGhee J, Morgan A, Pollitt J, Elliot-Jones R, Wheaton C, Knip M, Siljander H, Suomalainen H, Colman P, Healy F, Mesfin S, Redl L, Wentworth J, Willis J, Farley M, Harrison L, Perry C, Williams F, Mayo A, Paxton J, Thompson V, Volin L, Fenton C, Carr L, Lemon E, Swank M, Luidens M, Salgam M, Sharma V, Schade D, King C, Carano R, Heiden J, Means N, Holman L, Thomas I, Madrigal D, Muth T, Martin C, Plunkett C, Ramm C, Auchus R, Lane W, Avots E, Buford M, Hale C, Hoyle J, Lane B, Muir A, Shuler S, Raviele N, Ivie E, Jenkins M, Lindsley K, Hansen I, Fadoju D, Felner E, Bode B, Hosey R, Sax J, Jefferies C, Mannering S, Prentis R, She J, Stachura M, Hopkins D, Williams J, Steed L, Asatapova E, Nunez S, Knight S, Dixon P, Ching J, Donner T, Longnecker S, Abel K, Arcara K, Blackman S, Clark L, Cooke D, Plotnick L, Levin P, Bromberger L, Klein K, Sadurska K, Allen C, Michaud D, Snodgrass H, Burghen G, Chatha S, Clark C, Silverberg J, Wittmer C, Gardner J, LeBoeuf C, Bell P, McGlore O, Tennet H, Alba N, Carroll M, Baert L, Beaton H, Cordell E, Haynes A, Reed C, Lichter K, McCarthy P, McCarthy S, Monchamp T, Roach J, Manies S, Gunville F, Marosok L, Nelson T, Ackerman K, Rudolph J, Stewart M, McCormick K, May S, Falls T, Barrett T, Dale K, Makusha L, McTernana C, Penny-Thomas K, Sullivan K, Narendran P, Robbie J, Smith D, Christensen R, Koehler B, Royal C, Arthur T, Houser H, Renaldi J, Watsen S, Wu P, Lyons L, House B, Yu J, Holt H, Nation M, Vickers C, Watling R, Heptulla R, Trast J, Agarwal C, Newell D, Katikaneni R, Gardner C, Del A, Rio A, Logan H, Collier C, Rishton G, Whalley A, Ali S, Ramtoola T, Quattrin L, Mastrandea A, House M, Ecker C, Huang C, Gougeon J, Ho D, Pacuad D, Dunger J, May C, O’Brien C, Acerini B, Salgin A, Thankamony R, Williams J, Buse G, Fuller M, Duclos J, Tricome H, Brown D, Pittard D, Bowlby A, Blue T, Headley S, Bendre K, Lewis K, Sutphin C, Soloranzo J, Puskaric H, Madison M, Rincon M, Carlucci R, Shridharani B, Rusk E, Tessman D, Huffman H, Abrams B, Biederman M, Jones V, Leathers W, Brickman P, Petrie D, Zimmerman J, Howard L, Miller R, Alemzadeh D, Mihailescu R, Melgozza-Walker N, Abdulla C, Boucher-Berry D, Ize-Ludlow R, Levy C, Swenson, Brousell N, Crimmins D, Edler T, Weis C, Schultz D, Rogers D, Latham C, Mawhorter C, Switzer W, Spencer P, Konstantnopoulus S, Broder J, Klein L, Knight L, Szadek G, Welnick B, Thompson R, Hoffman A, Revell J, Cherko K, Carter E, Gilson J, Haines G, Arthur B, Bowen W, Zipf P, Graves R, Lozano D, Seiple K, Spicer A, Chang J, Fregosi J, Harbinson C, Paulson S, Stalters P, Wright D, Zlock A, Freeth J, Victory H, Maheshwari A, Maheshwari T, Holmstrom J, Bueno R, Arguello J, Ahern L, Noreika V, Watson S, Hourse P, Breyer C, Kissel Y, Nicholson M, Pfeifer S, Almazan J, Bajaj M, Quinn K, Funk J, McCance E, Moreno R, Veintimilla A, Wells J, Cook S, Trunnel J, Henske S, Desai K, Frizelis F, Khan R, Sjoberg K, Allen P, Manning G, Hendry B, Taylor S, Jones W, Strader M, Bencomo T, Bailey L, Bedolla C, Roldan C, Moudiotis B, Vaidya C, Anning S, Bunce S, Estcourt E, Folland E, Gordon C, Harrill J, Ireland J, Piper L, Scaife K, Sutton S, Wilkins M, Costelloe J, Palmer L, Casas C, Miller M, Burgard C, Erickson J, Hallanger-Johnson P, Clark W, Taylor A, Lafferty S, Gillett C, Nolan M, Pathak L, Sondrol T, Hjelle S, Hafner J, Kotrba R, Hendrickson A, Cemeroglu T, Symington M, Daniel Y, Appiagyei-Dankah D, Postellon M, Racine L, Kleis K, Barnes S, Godwin H, McCullough K, Shaheen G, Buck L, Noel M, Warren S, Weber S, Parker I, Gillespie B, Nelson C, Frost J, Amrhein E, Moreland A, Hayes J, Peggram J, Aisenberg M, Riordan J, Zasa E, Cummings K, Scott T, Pinto A, Mokashi K, McAssey E, Helden P, Hammond L, Dinning S, Rahman S, Ray C, Dimicri S, Guppy H, Nielsen C, Vogel C, Ariza L, Morales Y, Chang R, Gabbay L, Ambrocio L, Manley R, Nemery W, Charlton P, Smith L, Kerr B, Steindel-Kopp M, Alamaguer D, Liljenquist G, Browning T, Coughenour M, Sulk E, Tsalikan M, Tansey J, Cabbage N. Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:192-199. [PMID: 30061316 PMCID: PMC6341285 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (N = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A], and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. RESULTS At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all P < 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all P ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody-positive, 13% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody-positive, 12% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. CONCLUSIONS Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody-positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody-positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Triolo
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Alexandra Fouts
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Peter A. Gottlieb
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Reeve S, Nickless A, Sheaves B, Hodgekins J, Stewart SLK, Gumley A, Fowler D, Morrison A, Freeman D. Sleep duration and psychotic experiences in patients at risk of psychosis: A secondary analysis of the EDIE-2 trial. Schizophr Res 2019; 204:326-333. [PMID: 30121185 PMCID: PMC6406020 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disturbance is common among individuals at risk of psychosis, yet few studies have investigated the relationship between sleep disturbance and clinical trajectory. The Early Detection and Intervention Evaluation (EDIE-2) trial provides longitudinal data on sleep duration and individual psychotic experiences from a cohort of individuals at risk of psychosis, which this study utilises in an opportunistic secondary analysis. Shorter and more variable sleep was hypothesised to be associated with more severe psychotic experiences and lower psychological wellbeing. Mixed effect models were used to test sleep duration and range as predictors of individual psychotic experiences and psychological wellbeing over the 12-24 months (with assessments every 3 months) in 160 participants. Shorter sleep duration was associated with more severe delusional ideas and hallucinations cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The longitudinal relationships did not remain significant after conservative controls were added for the previous severity of psychotic experiences. No significant relationships were found between the sleep variables and other psychotic experiences (e.g. cognitive disorganisation), or psychological wellbeing. The results support a relationship between shorter sleep duration and delusional ideas and hallucinations. Future studies should focus on improving sleep disturbance measurement, and test whether treating sleep improves clinical trajectory in the at-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reeve
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - A Nickless
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, UK
| | - B Sheaves
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - J Hodgekins
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - S L K Stewart
- Department of Psychology, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, UK
| | - A Gumley
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Fowler
- School of Psychology, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - A Morrison
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - D Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Haller MJ, Schatz DA, Skyler JS, Krischer JP, Bundy BN, Miller JL, Atkinson MA, Becker DJ, Baidal D, DiMeglio LA, Gitelman SE, Goland R, Gottlieb PA, Herold KC, Marks JB, Moran A, Rodriguez H, Russell W, Wilson DM, Greenbaum CJ, Greenbaum C, Atkinson M, Baidal D, Battaglia M, Becker D, Bingley P, Bosi E, Buckner J, Clements M, Colman P, DiMeglio L, Evans-Molina C, Gitelman S, Goland R, Gottlieb P, Herold K, Knip M, Krischer J, Lernmark A, Moore W, Moran A, Muir A, Palmer J, Peakman M, Philipson L, Raskin P, Redondo M, Rodriguez H, Russell W, Spain L, Schatz D, Sosenko J, Wherrett D, Wilson D, Winter W, Ziegler A, Anderson M, Antinozzi P, Benoist C, Blum J, Bourcier K, Chase P, Clare-Salzler M, Clynes R, Cowie C, Eisenbarth G, Fathman C, Grave G, Harrison L, Hering B, Insel R, Jordan S, Kaufman F, Kay T, Kenyon N, Klines R, Lachin J, Leschek E, Mahon J, Marks J, Monzavi R, Nanto-Salonen K, Nepom G, Orban T, Parkman R, Pescovitz M, Peyman J, Pugliese A, Ridge J, Roep B, Roncarolo M, Savage P, Simell O, Sherwin R, Siegelman M, Skyler J, Steck A, Thomas J, Trucco M, Wagner J, Bourcier K, Greenbaum CJ, Krischer JP, Leschek E, Rafkin L, Spain L, Cowie C, Foulkes M, Insel R, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lachin JM, Malozowski S, Peyman J, Ridge J, Savage P, Skyler JS, Zafonte SJ, Greenbaum CJ, Rafkin L, Sosenko JM, Skyler JS, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Krischer JP, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Adams T, Amado D, Asif I, Boonstra M, Boulware D, Bundy B, Burroughs C, Cuthbertson D, Eberhard C, Fiske S, Ford J, Garmeson J, Guillette H, Geyer S, Hays B, Henderson C, Henry M, Heyman K, Hsiao B, Karges C, Kinderman A, Lane L, Leinbach A, Liu S, Lloyd J, Malloy J, Maddox K, Martin J, Miller J, Moore M, Muller S, Nguyen T, O’Donnell R, Parker M, Pereyra M, Reed N, Roberts A, Sadler K, Stavros T, Tamura R, Wood K, Xu P, Young K, Alies P, Badias F, Baker A, Bassi M, Beam C, Boulware D, Bounmananh L, Bream S, Deemer M, Freeman D, Gough J, Ginem J, Granger M, Holloway M, Kieffer M, Lane P, Law P, Linton C, Nallamshetty L, Oduah V, Parrimon Y, Paulus K, Pilger J, Ramiro J, Luvon AQ, Ritzie A, Sharma A, Shor X, Song A, Terry J, Weinberger M, Wootten J, Fradkin E, Leschek L, Spain C, Cowie S, Malozowski P, Savage G, Beck E, Blumberg R, Gubitosi-Klug L, Laffel R, Veatch D, Wallace J, Braun D, Brillon A, Lernmark B, Lo H, Mitchell A, Naji J, Nerup T, Orchard M, Steffes A, Tsiatis B, Zinman B, Loechelt L, Baden M, Green A, Weinberg S, Marcovina JP, Palmer A, Weinberg L, Yu W, Winter GS, Eisenbarth A, Shultz E, Batts K, Fitzpatrick M, Ramey R, Guerra C, Webb M, Romasco C, Greenbaum S, Lord D, VanBuecken W, Hao M, McCulloch D, Hefty K, Varner R, Goland E, Greenberg S, Pollack B, Nelson L, Looper L, DiMeglio M, Spall C, Evans-Molina M, Mantravadi J, Sanchez M, Mullen V, Patrick S, Woerner DM, Wilson T, Aye T, Esrey K, Barahona B, Baker H, Bitar C, Ghodrat M, Hamilton SE, Gitelman CT, Ferrara S, Sanda R, Wesch C, Torok P, Gottlieb J, Lykens C, Brill A, Michels A, Schauwecker MJ, Haller DA, Schatz MA, Atkinson LM, Jacobsen M, Cintron TM, Brusko CH, Wasserfall CE, Mathews JS, Skyler JM, Marks D, Baidal C, Blaschke D, Matheson A, Moran B, Nathan A, Street J, Leschyshyn B, Pappenfus B, Nelson N, Flaherty D, Becker K, Delallo D, Groscost K, Riley H, Rodriguez D, Henson E, Eyth W, Russell A, Brown F, Brendall K, Herold, Feldman L. Low-Dose Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (ATG) Preserves β-Cell Function and Improves HbA 1c in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1917-1925. [PMID: 30012675 PMCID: PMC6105329 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A pilot study suggested that combination therapy with low-dose anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) preserves C-peptide in established type 1 diabetes (T1D) (duration 4 months to 2 years). We hypothesized that 1) low-dose ATG/GCSF or 2) low-dose ATG alone would slow the decline of β-cell function in patients with new-onset T1D (duration <100 days). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A three-arm, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial was performed by the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group in 89 subjects: 29 subjects randomized to ATG (2.5 mg/kg intravenously) followed by pegylated GCSF (6 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks for 6 doses), 29 to ATG alone (2.5 mg/kg), and 31 to placebo. The primary end point was mean area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide during a 2-h mixed-meal tolerance test 1 year after initiation of therapy. Significance was defined as one-sided P value < 0.025. RESULTS The 1-year mean AUC C-peptide was significantly higher in subjects treated with ATG (0.646 nmol/L) versus placebo (0.406 nmol/L) (P = 0.0003) but not in those treated with ATG/GCSF (0.528 nmol/L) versus placebo (P = 0.031). HbA1c was significantly reduced at 1 year in subjects treated with ATG and ATG/GCSF, P = 0.002 and 0.011, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose ATG slowed decline of C-peptide and reduced HbA1c in new-onset T1D. Addition of GCSF did not enhance C-peptide preservation afforded by low-dose ATG. Future studies should be considered to determine whether low-dose ATG alone or in combination with other agents may prevent or delay the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jay S. Skyler
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Baidal
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | | | | | - Peter A. Gottlieb
- University of Colorado Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Jennifer B. Marks
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Redondo MJ, Geyer S, Steck AK, Sharp S, Wentworth JM, Weedon MN, Antinozzi P, Sosenko J, Atkinson M, Pugliese A, Oram RA, Antinozzi P, Atkinson M, Battaglia M, Becker D, Bingley P, Bosi E, Buckner J, Colman P, Gottlieb P, Herold K, Insel R, Kay T, Knip M, Marks J, Moran A, Palmer J, Peakman M, Philipson L, Pugliese A, Raskin P, Rodriguez H, Roep B, Russell W, Schatz D, Wherrett D, Wilson D, Winter W, Ziegler A, Benoist C, Blum J, Chase P, Clare-Salzler M, Clynes R, Eisenbarth G, Fathman C, Grave G, Hering B, Kaufman F, Leschek E, Mahon J, Nanto-Salonen K, Nepom G, Orban T, Parkman R, Pescovitz M, Peyman J, Roncarolo M, Simell O, Sherwin R, Siegelman M, Steck A, Thomas J, Trucco M, Wagner J, Greenbaum ,CJ, Bourcier K, Insel R, Krischer JP, Leschek E, Rafkin L, Spain L, Cowie C, Foulkes M, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lachin JM, Malozowski S, Peyman J, Ridge J, Savage P, Skyler JS, Zafonte SJ, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Sosenko JM, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Adams T, Amado D, Asif I, Boonstra M, Bundy 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Eckert J, Ehler A, Eisenbarth G, Fain P, Fiallo-Scharer R, Frank N, Goettle H, Haarhues M, Harris S, Horton L, Hutton J, Jeffrrey J, Jenison R, Jones K, Kastelic W, King MA, Lehr D, Lungaro J, Mason K, Maurer H, Nguyen L, Proto A, Realsen J, Schmitt K, Schwartz M, Skovgaard S, Smith J, Vanderwel B, Voelmle M, Wagner R, Wallace A, Walravens P, Weiner L, Westerhoff B, Westfall E, Widmer K, Wright H, Schatz D, Abraham A, Atkinson M, Cintron M, Clare-Salzler M, Ferguson J, Haller M, Hosford J, Mancini D, Rohrs H, Silverstein J, Thomas J, Winter W, Cole G, Cook R, Coy R, Hicks E, Lewis N, Marks J, Pugliese A, Blaschke C, Matheson D, Sanders-Branca N, Sosenko J, Arazo L, Arce R, Cisneros M, Sabbag S, Moran A, Gibson C, Fife B, Hering B, Kwong C, Leschyshyn J, Nathan B, Pappenfus B, Street A, Boes MA, Eck SP, Finney L, Fischer TA, Martin A, Muzamhindo CJ, Rhodes M, Smith J, Wagner J, Wood B, Becker D, Delallo K, Diaz A, Elnyczky B, Libman I, Pasek B, Riley K, Trucco M, Copemen B, Gwynn D, Toledo F, Rodriguez H, Bollepalli S, Diamond F, Eyth E, Henson D, Lenz A, Shulman D, Raskin P, Adhikari S, Dickson B, Dunnigan E, Lingvay I, Pruneda L, Ramos-Roman M, Raskin P, Rhee C, Richard J, Siegelman M, Sturges D, Sumpter K, White P, Alford M, Arthur J, Aviles-Santa ML, Cordova E, Davis R, Fernandez S, Fordan S, Hardin T, Jacobs A, Kaloyanova P, Lukacova-Zib I, Mirfakhraee S, Mohan A, Noto H, Smith O, Torres N, Wherrett D, Balmer D, Eisel L, Kovalakovska R, Mehan M, Sultan F, Ahenkorah B, Cevallos J, Razack N, Ricci MJ, Rhode A, Srikandarajah M, Steger R, Russell WE, Black M, Brendle F, Brown A, Moore D, Pittel E, Robertson A, Shannon A, Thomas JW, Herold K, Feldman L, Sherwin R, Tamborlane W, Weinzimer S, Toppari J, Kallio T, Kärkkäinen M, Mäntymäki E, Niininen T, Nurmi B, Rajala P, Romo M, Suomenrinne S, Näntö-Salonen K, Simell O, Simell T, Bosi E, Battaglia M, Bianconi E, Bonfanti R, Grogan P, Laurenzi A, Martinenghi S, Meschi F, Pastore M, Falqui L, Muscato MT, Viscardi M, Castleden H, Farthing N, Loud S, Matthews C, McGhee J, Morgan A, Pollitt J, Elliot-Jones R, Wheaton C, Knip M, Siljander H, Suomalainen H, Colman P, Healy F, Mesfin S, Redl L, Wentworth J, Willis J, Farley M, Harrison L, Perry C, Williams F, Mayo A, Paxton J, Thompson V, Volin L, Fenton C, Carr L, Lemon E, Swank M, Luidens M, Salgam M, Sharma V, Schade D, King C, Carano R, Heiden J, Means N, Holman L, Thomas I, Madrigal D, Muth T, Martin C, Plunkett C, Ramm C, Auchus R, Lane W, Avots E, Buford M, Hale C, Hoyle J, Lane B, Muir A, Shuler S, Raviele N, Ivie E, Jenkins M, Lindsley K, Hansen I, Fadoju D, Felner E, Bode B, Hosey R, Sax J, Jefferies C, Mannering S, Prentis R, She J, Stachura M, Hopkins D, Williams J, Steed L, Asatapova E, Nunez S, Knight S, Dixon P, Ching J, Donner T, Longnecker S, Abel K, Arcara K, Blackman S, Clark L, Cooke D, Plotnick L, Levin P, Bromberger L, Klein K, Sadurska K, Allen C, Michaud D, Snodgrass H, Burghen G, Chatha S, Clark C, Silverberg J, Wittmer C, Gardner J, LeBoeuf C, Bell P, McGlore O, Tennet H, Alba N, Carroll M, Baert L, Beaton H, Cordell E, Haynes A, Reed C, Lichter K, McCarthy P, McCarthy S, Monchamp T, Roach J, Manies S, Gunville F, Marosok L, Nelson T, Ackerman K, Rudolph J, Stewart M, McCormick K, May S, Falls T, Barrett T, Dale K, Makusha L, McTernana C, Penny-Thomas K, Sullivan K, Narendran P, Robbie J, Smith D, Christensen R, Koehler B, Royal C, Arthur T, Houser H, Renaldi J, Watsen S, Wu P, Lyons L, House B, Yu J, Holt H, Nation M, Vickers C, Watling R, Heptulla R, Trast J, Agarwal C, Newell D, Katikaneni R, Gardner C, Del Rio A, Logan A, Collier H, Rishton C, Whalley G, Ali A, Ramtoola S, Quattrin T, Mastrandea L, House A, Ecker M, Huang C, Gougeon C, Ho J, Pacuad D, Dunger D, May J, O’Brien C, Acerini C, Salgin B, Thankamony A, Williams R, Buse J, Fuller G, Duclos M, Tricome J, Brown H, Pittard D, Bowlby D, Blue A, Headley T, Bendre S, Lewis K, Sutphin K, Soloranzo C, Puskaric J, Madison H, Rincon M, Carlucci M, Shridharani R, Rusk B, Tessman E, Huffman D, Abrams H, Biederman B, Jones M, Leathers V, Brickman W, Petrie P, Zimmerman D, Howard J, Miller L, Alemzadeh R, Mihailescu D, Melgozza-Walker R, Abdulla N, Boucher-Berry C, Ize-Ludlow D, Levy R, Swenson Brousell C, Scott R, Heenan H, Lunt H, Kendall D, Willis J, Darlow B, Crimmins N, Edler D, Weis T, Schultz C, Rogers D, Latham D, Mawhorter C, Switzer C, Spencer W, Konstantnopoulus P, Broder S, Klein J, Bachrach B, Gardner M, Eichelberger D, Knight L, Szadek L, Welnick G, Thompson B, Hoffman R, Revell A, Cherko J, Carter K, Gilson E, Haines J, Arthur G, Bowen B, Zipf W, Graves P, Lozano R, Seiple D, Spicer K, Chang A, Fregosi J, Harbinson J, Paulson C, Stalters S, Wright P, Zlock D, Freeth A, Victory J, Maheshwari H, Maheshwari A, Holmstrom T, Bueno J, Arguello R, Ahern J, Noreika L, Watson V, Hourse S, Breyer P, Kissel C, Nicholson Y, Pfeifer M, Almazan S, Bajaj J, Quinn M, Funk K, McCance J, Moreno E, Veintimilla R, Wells A, Cook J, Trunnel S, Transue D, Surhigh J, Bezzaire D, Moltz K, Zacharski E, Henske J, Desai S, Frizelis K, Khan F, Sjoberg R, Allen K, Manning P, Hendry G, Taylor B, Jones S, Couch R, Danchak R, Lieberman D, Strader W, Bencomo M, Bailey T, Bedolla L, Roldan C, Moudiotis C, Vaidya B, Anning C, Bunce S, Estcourt S, Folland E, Gordon E, Harrill C, Ireland J, Piper J, Scaife L, Sutton K, Wilkins S, Costelloe M, Palmer J, Casas L, Miller C, Burgard M, Erickson C, Hallanger-Johnson J, Clark P, Taylor W, Galgani J, Banerjee S, Banda C, McEowen D, Kinman R, Lafferty A, Gillett S, Nolan C, Pathak M, Sondrol L, Hjelle T, Hafner S, Kotrba J, Hendrickson R, Cemeroglu A, Symington T, Daniel M, Appiagyei-Dankah Y, Postellon D, Racine M, Kleis L, Barnes K, Godwin S, McCullough H, Shaheen K, Buck G, Noel L, Warren M, Weber S, Parker S, Gillespie I, Nelson B, Frost C, Amrhein J, Moreland E, Hayes A, Peggram J, Aisenberg J, Riordan M, Zasa J, Cummings E, Scott K, Pinto T, Mokashi A, McAssey K, Helden E, Hammond P, Dinning L, Rahman S, Ray S, Dimicri C, Guppy S, Nielsen H, Vogel C, Ariza C, Morales L, Chang Y, Gabbay R, Ambrocio L, Manley L, Nemery R, Charlton W, Smith P, Kerr L, Steindel-Kopp B, Alamaguer M, Tabisola-Nuesca E, Pendersen A, Larson N, Cooper-Olviver H, Chan D, Fitz-Patrick D, Carreira T, Park Y, Ruhaak R, Liljenquist D. A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Predicts Progression of Islet Autoimmunity and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals at Risk. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1887-1894. [PMID: 30002199 PMCID: PMC6105323 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the ability of a type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk score (GRS) to predict progression of islet autoimmunity and T1D in at-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the 1,244 TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants (T1D patients' relatives without diabetes and with one or more positive autoantibodies) who were genotyped with Illumina ImmunoChip (median [range] age at initial autoantibody determination 11.1 years [1.2-51.8], 48% male, 80.5% non-Hispanic white, median follow-up 5.4 years). Of 291 participants with a single positive autoantibody at screening, 157 converted to multiple autoantibody positivity and 55 developed diabetes. Of 953 participants with multiple positive autoantibodies at screening, 419 developed diabetes. We calculated the T1D GRS from 30 T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used multivariable Cox regression models, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and area under the curve (AUC) measures to evaluate prognostic utility of T1D GRS, age, sex, Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1) Risk Score, positive autoantibody number or type, HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8 status, and race/ethnicity. We used recursive partitioning analyses to identify cut points in continuous variables. RESULTS Higher T1D GRS significantly increased the rate of progression to T1D adjusting for DPT-1 Risk Score, age, number of positive autoantibodies, sex, and ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29 for a 0.05 increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.6; P = 0.011). Progression to T1D was best predicted by a combined model with GRS, number of positive autoantibodies, DPT-1 Risk Score, and age (7-year time-integrated AUC = 0.79, 5-year AUC = 0.73). Higher GRS was significantly associated with increased progression rate from single to multiple positive autoantibodies after adjusting for age, autoantibody type, ethnicity, and sex (HR 2.27 for GRS >0.295, 95% CI 1.47-3.51; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The T1D GRS independently predicts progression to T1D and improves prediction along T1D stages in autoantibody-positive relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Redondo
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Seth Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - John M. Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard A. Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
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Freeman D, Reeve S, Robinson A, Ehlers A, Clark D, Spanlang B, Slater M. Virtual reality in the assessment, understanding, and treatment of mental health disorders. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2393-2400. [PMID: 28325167 PMCID: PMC5964457 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171700040x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mental health problems are inseparable from the environment. With virtual reality (VR), computer-generated interactive environments, individuals can repeatedly experience their problematic situations and be taught, via evidence-based psychological treatments, how to overcome difficulties. VR is moving out of specialist laboratories. Our central aim was to describe the potential of VR in mental health, including a consideration of the first 20 years of applications. A systematic review of empirical studies was conducted. In all, 285 studies were identified, with 86 concerning assessment, 45 theory development, and 154 treatment. The main disorders researched were anxiety (n = 192), schizophrenia (n = 44), substance-related disorders (n = 22) and eating disorders (n = 18). There are pioneering early studies, but the methodological quality of studies was generally low. The gaps in meaningful applications to mental health are extensive. The most established finding is that VR exposure-based treatments can reduce anxiety disorders, but there are numerous research and treatment avenues of promise. VR was found to be a much-misused term, often applied to non-interactive and non-immersive technologies. We conclude that VR has the potential to transform the assessment, understanding and treatment of mental health problems. The treatment possibilities will only be realized if - with the user experience at the heart of design - the best immersive VR technology is combined with targeted translational interventions. The capability of VR to simulate reality could greatly increase access to psychological therapies, while treatment outcomes could be enhanced by the technology's ability to create new realities. VR may merit the level of attention given to neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry,
University of Oxford, Oxford,
UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation
Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - S. Reeve
- Department of Psychiatry,
University of Oxford, Oxford,
UK
| | - A. Robinson
- Department of Experimental
Psychology, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
| | - A. Ehlers
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation
Trust, Oxford, UK
- Department of Experimental
Psychology, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
| | - D. Clark
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation
Trust, Oxford, UK
- Department of Experimental
Psychology, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
| | - B. Spanlang
- Event Lab, Department of Clinical Psychology
and Psychobiology, University of
Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Slater
- Event Lab, Department of Clinical Psychology
and Psychobiology, University of
Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis
Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona,
Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Freeman
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville USA
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Freeman
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida USA
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14
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Chrystyn H, Dekhuijzen R, Rand C, Bosnic-Anticevich S, Roche N, Lavorini F, Thomas V, Steele J, Raju P, Freeman D, Small I, Canvin J, Price D. P154 Evaluation of Inhaler Technique Mastery for Budesonide Formoterol Spiromax® Compared with Symbicort Turbohaler® in Adult Patients with Asthma: Primary Results From the Easy Low Instruction Over Time [ELIOT] Study: Abstract P154 Table 1. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Freeman D, Jothieswaran A, Mascareno M, Chaudhry N, Bokhari S, Felton TW, Bentley AM. P192 Clinical effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation in patients with Motor Neuron Disease. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Li S, Lam J, Zhang J, Yu M, Chan J, Chan C, Espie C, Freeman D, Mason O, Wing Y. Can sleep disturbances predict suicide risk in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders? A 8-year naturalistic longitudinal study. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tateshima S, Seth S, Liang C, Patel N, Ismail A, Freeman D, Szeder V, Jahan R, Duckwiler G. E-108 pulserider stent for challenging basilar tip aneurysms involving scas and pcas. J Neurointerv Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-011917.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Pozor M, Freeman D, Troedsson M, Brown M, Morton A, Smith A, McNaughten J. Anatomical variations in epididymal-testicular fusion in stallions and their possible clinical significance. Equine Vet J 2015; 48:490-5. [PMID: 26032404 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Fusion anomalies of the epididymis with the testis may be clinically relevant in horses. However, anatomical variations in epididymal-testicular fusion have not been classified, and their clinical significance is unknown. OBJECTIVES To describe anatomical variations and clinical significance of epididymal-testicular fusion in stallions. STUDY DESIGN Anatomical study of testes from castrations, and description of 2 clinical cases with atypical epididymal-testicular fusion. METHODS A total of 104 testes were obtained from equine castrations. Eight patterns of epididymal-testicular fusion were identified. Two clinical cases with epididymal dislocation were also described. RESULTS Close attachment of the entire epididymis to the testis was the most common pattern of fusion (40%). Ninety-five per cent of cryptorchid testes and 34% of scrotal testes in the studied sample had elongated proper ligaments of the testes. Dislocation of the epididymal tail was observed in 2 stallions that had atypically long proper ligaments inserted on the dorsal aspect of the testes. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of epididymal-testicular fusion can vary in stallions. Elongated proper ligaments of the testes occur mostly in cryptorchid testes but are also found in stallions with scrotal testes. Epididymal dislocation may develop in stallions with long proper ligaments that are inserted dorsally on the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pozor
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - D Freeman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - M Troedsson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - M Brown
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - A Morton
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - A Smith
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - J McNaughten
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, USA
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Marwaha S, Thompson A, Bebbington P, Singh S, Freeman D, Winsper C, Broome M. Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Symptoms and Psychosis: Epidemiological Evidence From a Population Survey in England. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Jolley S, Ferner H, Bebbington P, Garety P, Dunn G, Freeman D, Fowler D, Kuipers E. Delusional belief flexibility and informal caregiving relationships in psychosis: a potential cognitive route for the protective effect of social support. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2014; 23:389-97. [PMID: 24160466 PMCID: PMC7192175 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796013000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims. For people with psychosis, contact with informal caregivers is an important source of social support, associated with recovery, and with better outcomes following individual cognitive therapy (CBTp). In this study, we tested whether increased flexibility in delusional thinking, an established predictor of positive outcome following CBTp, was a possible mechanism underlying this effect. Methods. 219 participants with delusions (mean age 38 years; 71% male; 75% White) were grouped according to the presence of a caregiver (37% with a caregiver) and caregiver level of expressed emotion (High/Low EE, 64% Low). Delusional belief flexibility was compared between groups, controlling for interpersonal functioning, severity of psychotic symptoms, and other hypothesised outcome predictors. Results. Participants with caregivers were nearly three times more likely than those without to show flexibility (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.0, p = 0.001), and five times more likely if the caregiving relationship was Low EE (OR = 5.0, 95% CI 2.0-13.0, p = 0.001). ORs remained consistent irrespective of controlling for interpersonal functioning and other predictors of outcome. Conclusions. This is the first evidence that having supportive caregiving relationships is associated with a specific cognitive attribute in people with psychosis, suggesting a potential cognitive mechanism by which outcomes following CBTp, and perhaps more generally, are improved by social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Jolley
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, University of London, UK
| | - H. Ferner
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, University of London, UK
| | - P. Bebbington
- Department of Mental Health Sciences, UCL, London, UK
| | - P. Garety
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, University of London, UK
| | - G. Dunn
- Health Sciences Research Group, School of Community Based Medicine, University of Manchester, UK
| | - D. Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D. Fowler
- School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, UK
| | - E. Kuipers
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, University of London, UK
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Freeman D, Startup H, Dunn G, Černis E, Wingham G, Pugh K, Cordwell J, Mander H, Kingdon D. Understanding jumping to conclusions in patients with persecutory delusions: working memory and intolerance of uncertainty. Psychol Med 2014; 44:3017-3024. [PMID: 25066636 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persecutory delusions are a key psychotic experience. A reasoning style known as 'jumping to conclusions' (JTC) - limited information gathering before reaching certainty in decision making - has been identified as a contributory factor in the occurrence of delusions. The cognitive processes that underpin JTC need to be determined in order to develop effective interventions for delusions. In the current study two alternative perspectives were tested: that JTC partially results from impairment in information-processing capabilities and that JTC is a motivated strategy to avoid uncertainty. METHOD A group of 123 patients with persistent persecutory delusions completed assessments of JTC (the 60:40 beads task), IQ, working memory, intolerance of uncertainty, and psychiatric symptoms. Patients showing JTC were compared with patients not showing JTC. RESULTS A total of 30 (24%) patients with delusions showed JTC. There were no differences between patients who did and did not jump to conclusions in overall psychopathology. Patients who jumped to conclusions had poorer working memory performance, lower IQ, lower intolerance of uncertainty and lower levels of worry. Working memory and worry independently predicted the presence of JTC. CONCLUSIONS Hasty decision making in patients with delusions may partly arise from difficulties in keeping information in mind. Interventions for JTC are likely to benefit from addressing working memory performance, while in vivo techniques for patients with delusions will benefit from limiting the demands on working memory. The study provides little evidence for a contribution to JTC from top-down motivational beliefs about uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK
| | - H Startup
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK
| | - G Dunn
- Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Population Health,University of Manchester,Manchester,UK
| | - E Černis
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK
| | - G Wingham
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine,University of Southampton,Southampton,UK
| | - K Pugh
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK
| | - J Cordwell
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine,University of Southampton,Southampton,UK
| | - H Mander
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine,University of Southampton,Southampton,UK
| | - D Kingdon
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine,University of Southampton,Southampton,UK
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Brossard-Racine M, du Plessis AJ, Vezina G, Robertson R, Bulas D, Evangelou IE, Donofrio M, Freeman D, Limperopoulos C. Prevalence and spectrum of in utero structural brain abnormalities in fetuses with complex congenital heart disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:1593-9. [PMID: 24651820 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Brain injury is a major complication in neonates with complex congenital heart disease. Preliminary evidence suggests that fetuses with congenital heart disease are at greater risk for brain abnormalities. However, the nature and frequency of these brain abnormalities detected by conventional fetal MR imaging has not been examined prospectively. Our primary objective was to determine the prevalence and spectrum of brain abnormalities detected on conventional clinical MR imaging in fetuses with complex congenital heart disease and, second, to compare the congenital heart disease cohort with a control group of fetuses from healthy pregnancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively recruited pregnant women with a confirmed fetal congenital heart disease diagnosis and healthy volunteers with normal fetal echocardiogram findings who underwent a fetal MR imaging between 18 and 39 weeks gestational age. RESULTS A total of 338 fetuses (194 controls; 144 with congenital heart disease) were studied at a mean gestational age of 30.61 ± 4.67 weeks. Brain abnormalities were present in 23% of the congenital heart disease group compared with 1.5% in the control group (P < .001). The most common abnormalities in the congenital heart disease group were mild unilateral ventriculomegaly in 12/33 (36.4%) and increased extra-axial spaces in 10/33 (30.3%). Subgroup analyses comparing the type and frequency of brain abnormalities based on cardiac physiology did not reveal significant associations, suggesting that the brain abnormalities were not limited to those with the most severe congenital heart disease. CONCLUSIONS This is the first large prospective study reporting conventional MR imaging findings in fetuses with congenital heart disease. Our results suggest that brain abnormalities are prevalent but relatively mild antenatally in fetuses with congenital heart disease. The long-term predictive value of these findings awaits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brossard-Racine
- From the Advanced Pediatric Brain Imaging Research Laboratory (M.B.-R., I.E.E., D.F., C.L.)Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology (M.B.-R., G.V., D.B., I.E.E., D.F., C.L.)Fetal and Transitional Medicine (M.B.-R., A.d.P., M.D., C.L.)
| | - A J du Plessis
- Fetal and Transitional Medicine (M.B.-R., A.d.P., M.D., C.L.)
| | - G Vezina
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology (M.B.-R., G.V., D.B., I.E.E., D.F., C.L.)
| | - R Robertson
- Department of Radiology (R.R.), Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D Bulas
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology (M.B.-R., G.V., D.B., I.E.E., D.F., C.L.)
| | - I E Evangelou
- From the Advanced Pediatric Brain Imaging Research Laboratory (M.B.-R., I.E.E., D.F., C.L.)Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology (M.B.-R., G.V., D.B., I.E.E., D.F., C.L.)
| | - M Donofrio
- Fetal and Transitional Medicine (M.B.-R., A.d.P., M.D., C.L.)Division of Cardiology (M.D.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - D Freeman
- From the Advanced Pediatric Brain Imaging Research Laboratory (M.B.-R., I.E.E., D.F., C.L.)Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology (M.B.-R., G.V., D.B., I.E.E., D.F., C.L.)
| | - C Limperopoulos
- From the Advanced Pediatric Brain Imaging Research Laboratory (M.B.-R., I.E.E., D.F., C.L.)Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology (M.B.-R., G.V., D.B., I.E.E., D.F., C.L.)Fetal and Transitional Medicine (M.B.-R., A.d.P., M.D., C.L.)
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Garety
- P. A. Garety, Box PO77, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. ; D. Freeman, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Freeman D, Thompson C, Vorontsova N, Dunn G, Carter LA, Garety P, Kuipers E, Slater M, Antley A, Glucksman E, Ehlers A. Paranoia and post-traumatic stress disorder in the months after a physical assault: a longitudinal study examining shared and differential predictors. Psychol Med 2013; 43:2673-2684. [PMID: 23531413 PMCID: PMC3821375 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171300038x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being physically assaulted is known to increase the risk of the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms but it may also skew judgements about the intentions of other people. The objectives of the study were to assess paranoia and PTSD after an assault and to test whether theory-derived cognitive factors predicted the persistence of these problems. METHOD At 4 weeks after hospital attendance due to an assault, 106 people were assessed on multiple symptom measures (including virtual reality) and cognitive factors from models of paranoia and PTSD. The symptom measures were repeated 3 and 6 months later. RESULTS Factor analysis indicated that paranoia and PTSD were distinct experiences, though positively correlated. At 4 weeks, 33% of participants met diagnostic criteria for PTSD, falling to 16% at follow-up. Of the group at the first assessment, 80% reported that since the assault they were excessively fearful of other people, which over time fell to 66%. Almost all the cognitive factors (including information-processing style during the trauma, mental defeat, qualities of unwanted memories, self-blame, negative thoughts about self, worry, safety behaviours, anomalous internal experiences and cognitive inflexibility) predicted later paranoia and PTSD, but there was little evidence of differential prediction. CONCLUSIONS Paranoia after an assault may be common and distinguishable from PTSD but predicted by a strikingly similar range of factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - C. Thompson
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, UK
| | - N. Vorontsova
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, UK
| | - G. Dunn
- Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - L.-A. Carter
- Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - P. Garety
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, UK
| | - E. Kuipers
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, UK
| | - M. Slater
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Antley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK
| | - E. Glucksman
- Emergency Department, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - A. Ehlers
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
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Brockwell C, Ampikaipakan S, Sexton D, Price D, Freeman D, Thomas M, Ali M, Wilson AM. P229 Adjunctive treatment with oral AKL1, a botanical nutraceutical, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Problems with the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia have led for a call to change strategy and focus on individual psychotic experiences. In recent years, research on delusions has led the way. AIMS To update our 1999 review of almost 40 studies on delusions. METHOD A systematic literature search was conducted of reasoning and affective processes related to delusions. RESULTS Over 200 studies were identified. The presence of 'jumping to conclusions' in individuals with delusions has been substantiated, the theory of mind account has not stood up to subsequent testing, and there is a promising new focus on the ways that affective processes contribute to delusional experience. CONCLUSIONS Theoretical work rendering delusions understandable can be translated into treatment; future clinical trials should focus on individual psychotic experiences as outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Garety
- P. A. Garety, MA, MPhil, MA (Ed), PhD, FBPsS, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; D. Freeman, PhD, DClinPsy, CPsychol, FBPsS, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Freeman D, Diskina M, Drake W, Jones A, Limkakeng A. The Protocol Acuity Scoring Tool for Prediction of Emergency Medicine Research Study Workload. Ann Emerg Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.07.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Freeman D, Dunn G, Garety P, Weinman J, Kuipers E, Fowler D, Jolley S, Bebbington P. Patients' beliefs about the causes, persistence and control of psychotic experiences predict take-up of effective cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis. Psychol Med 2013; 43:269-277. [PMID: 22781166 PMCID: PMC3544544 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712001225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that patients with schizophrenia benefit from standard cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) only if active techniques are used ('full therapy'). By contrast, attending sessions but not proceeding beyond engagement and assessment strategies ('partial therapy'), or simply not attending sessions ('no therapy'), is not associated with better outcomes. The factors leading to full therapy are unknown. We hypothesized that patients' initial ideas about the nature and extent of their problems would predict use of CBT. A match between patients' views of their problems and the principles underlying treatment would lead to better outcomes. METHOD Ninety-two patients with a recent relapse of psychosis completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) before receiving CBT. We examined whether their illness perceptions predicted the take-up of therapy. RESULTS Patients who did not attend sessions believed their problems would not last as long as those who attended them. Those who attended sessions but did not proceed to full therapy had a lower sense of control over their problems and a more biological view of their causes. Patients who took up full therapy were more likely to attribute the cause of their problems to their personality and state of mind. The take-up of therapy was predicted neither by levels of psychiatric symptoms nor by insight. CONCLUSIONS People with psychosis who have psychologically orientated views of their problems, including the potential to gain control over them, may be more likely to engage fully and do well with standard CBT for psychosis, irrespective of the severity of their problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, UK.
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Amos S, Leeuw RD, Kuklev N, Kakal J, Babinsky S, Milne K, Kost S, Freeman D, Holt R, Watson P, Nelson B. Abstract A88: Identification of factors modulating sensitivity to T cell infiltration in the breast cancer setting via next-generation sequencing. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.tumimm2012-a88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Clinical and pre-clinical trials have established that killer (CD8+) T cells can recognize and destroy tumors. The challenge of our time is to address barriers to T cell infiltration into solid tumors and thereby make cancer immunotherapy a powerful, broadly applicable treatment modality. Bilateral breast cancer represents a unique opportunity to identify those proteins that modulate immune cell entry into solid tumors. Bilateral synchronous breast cancer is when tumors arise independently in separate breasts of the same patient at the same time. Similar to the powerful use of “twin studies” in epidemiology, bilateral tumors provide an opportunity to explore two independent tumorigenic events against a common genetic (and immunological) background. We hypothesise that the sensitivity of breast cancers to T cell infiltration can be predicted on the basis of their molecular profiles. To assess this question, a cohort of bilateral and unilateral breast cancer tissues has been assembled in collaboration with CTRNet-affiliated biobanks. Our objective was to identify 10 tumor pairs with differential T cell infiltration. Here we present the novel protocol for multi-colour brightfield immunohistochemistry (IHC) which was used to quantitate multiple lymphocyte subsets in these precious specimens at the same time. A workflow for automated image collection is presented, which is geared to the analysis of whole-tumour sections. Our results demonstrate that bilateral breast tumors often show differential lymphocyte infiltration despite being exposed to the same level of systemic immunity. Paired tumors will be subjected to whole transcriptome sequencing and lymphocyte receptor spectratyping to identify proteins that distinguish infiltrated from non-infiltrated tumors. Thus, patients with bilateral breast cancer have provided a powerful, translationally-relevant opportunity to study local barriers to T cell infiltration in solid tumors.
Citation Format: Sally Amos, Ron de Leeuw, Nikita Kuklev, Juzer Kakal, Sindy Babinsky, Katy Milne, Sara Kost, Doug Freeman, Rob Holt, Peter Watson, Brad Nelson. Identification of factors modulating sensitivity to T cell infiltration in the breast cancer setting via next-generation sequencing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A88.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Kost
- 1BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, Canada,
| | | | - Rob Holt
- 1BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, Canada,
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Katz A, Freeman D, Aronovitz J, Fuller D, Bolzicco G, Meier R, Collins S, Wang J, Steinberg M, King C. Five-year Biochemical Control Rates for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Organ-confined Prostate Cancer: A Multi-institutional Pooled Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dunn G, Fowler D, Rollinson R, Freeman D, Kuipers E, Smith B, Steel C, Onwumere J, Jolley S, Garety P, Bebbington P. Effective elements of cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis: results of a novel type of subgroup analysis based on principal stratification. Psychol Med 2012; 42:1057-68. [PMID: 21939591 PMCID: PMC3315767 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291711001954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analyses show that cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis (CBT-P) improves distressing positive symptoms. However, it is a complex intervention involving a range of techniques. No previous study has assessed the delivery of the different elements of treatment and their effect on outcome. Our aim was to assess the differential effect of type of treatment delivered on the effectiveness of CBT-P, using novel statistical methodology. METHOD The Psychological Prevention of Relapse in Psychosis (PRP) trial was a multi-centre randomized controlled trial (RCT) that compared CBT-P with treatment as usual (TAU). Therapy was manualized, and detailed evaluations of therapy delivery and client engagement were made. Follow-up assessments were made at 12 and 24 months. In a planned analysis, we applied principal stratification (involving structural equation modelling with finite mixtures) to estimate intention-to-treat (ITT) effects for subgroups of participants, defined by qualitative and quantitative differences in receipt of therapy, while maintaining the constraints of randomization. RESULTS Consistent delivery of full therapy, including specific cognitive and behavioural techniques, was associated with clinically and statistically significant increases in months in remission, and decreases in psychotic and affective symptoms. Delivery of partial therapy involving engagement and assessment was not effective. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses suggest that CBT-P is of significant benefit on multiple outcomes to patients able to engage in the full range of therapy procedures. The novel statistical methods illustrated in this report have general application to the evaluation of heterogeneity in the effects of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dunn
- Health Sciences Research Group, School of Community-Based Medicine, University of Manchester, UK.
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Kilic G, England J, Borahay M, Pedraza D, Freeman D, Snyder R, Ertan AK. Accuracy of physician and nurse practitioner colposcopy to effect improved surveillance of cervical cancer. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2012; 33:183-186. [PMID: 22611960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare physician and nurse practitioner accuracy in recognizing cervical dysplasia during colposcopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was performed of cervical excisional biopsies from 2007 to 2009 performed by gynecologists and nurse practitioners in the same patient population. Cervical cone biopsy and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) pathology were used as a gold standard compared to the previous colposcopy biopsies. RESULTS Four hundred fifty-five patients qualified for the study. Patients were stratified according to age: under 30 years, 30-39, and 40 and above. For physicians, 77% of high-grade colposcopy biopsy results agreed with high-grade pathology on cone biopsy or LEEP. This was statistically similar to nurse practitioner results (p = 0.12). Likewise, there was no significant difference between physician and nurse practitioner accuracy within the various patient age strata. CONCLUSION Colposcopy biopsy results compared to cone biopsy or LEEP results were statistically similar between gynecologists and nurse practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kilic
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Price D, Musgrave S, Wilson E, Sims E, Shepstone L, Blyth A, Murdoch J, Mugford M, Juniper E, Ayres J, Wolfe S, Freeman D, Lipp A, Gilbert R, Harvey I. A pragmatic single-blind randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of the use of leukotriene receptor antagonists in primary care at steps 2 and 3 of the national asthma guidelines (ELEVATE study). Health Technol Assess 2011; 15:1-132. [PMID: 21554855 DOI: 10.3310/hta15210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Price
- Centre of Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Paranoia is an unregarded but pervasive attribute of human populations. In this study we carried out the most comprehensive investigation so far of the demographic, economic, social and clinical correlates of self-reported paranoia in the general population. METHOD Data weighted to be nationally representative were analysed from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey in England (APMS 2007; n=7281). RESULTS The prevalence of paranoid thinking in the previous year ranged from 18.6% reporting that people were against them, to 1.8% reporting potential plots to cause them serious harm. At all levels, paranoia was associated with youth, lower intellectual functioning, being single, poverty, poor physical health, poor social functioning, less perceived social support, stress at work, less social cohesion, less calmness, less happiness, suicidal ideation, a great range of other psychiatric symptoms (including anxiety, worry, phobias, post-traumatic stress and insomnia), cannabis use, problem drinking and increased use of treatment and services. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results indicate that paranoia has the widest of implications for health, emotional well-being, social functioning and social inclusion. Some of these concomitants may contribute to the emergence of paranoid thinking, while others may result from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Freeman
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
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Freeman D, King CR. Stereotactic body radiotherapy for low-risk prostate cancer: Five-year outcomes. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
94 Background: Hypofractionated, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment approach for prostate cancer. We present the outcomes for low-risk prostate cancer patients with a median follow-up of 5 years after SBRT. Methods: Between Dec. 2003 and Dec. 2005, a pooled cohort of 41 consecutive patients from Stanford, CA and Naples, FL received SBRT with CyberKnife for clinically localized, low-risk prostate cancer. Prescribed dose was 35–36.25 Gy in five fractions. No patient received hormone therapy. Kaplan-Meier biochemical progression-free survival (defined using the Phoenix method) and RTOG toxicity outcomes were assessed. Results: At a median follow-up of 5 years the biochemical progression-free survival was 93% (95% CI = 84.7% to 100%). Acute side effects resolved within 1–3 months of treatment completion. There were no grade 4 toxicities. No late grade 3 rectal toxicity and only one late grade 3 genitourinary toxicity occurred following repeated urologic instrumentation. Conclusions: Five-year results of SBRT for localized prostate cancer demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of shorter courses of high dose per fraction radiation delivered with SBRT technique. Ongoing clinical trials are expected to further support this experience. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Freeman
- Naples Radiation Oncology, PA, Naples, FL; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - C. R. King
- Naples Radiation Oncology, PA, Naples, FL; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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Chandra A, Freeman D, Mani G, Drake W, Limkakeng A. 177: A Comparative Analysis of Screening Hypertensive Patients for Left Ventricular Abnormality With Electrocardiograph and NT-proBNP. Ann Emerg Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Limkakeng A, Glickman S, Freeman D, Drake W, Mani G, Chandra A, Cairns C. 161: Do Prolonged Emergency Department Waiting Times Reduce Emergency Research Consent Rates? Ann Emerg Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Peek MK, Cutchin MP, Freeman D, Stowe RP, Goodwin JS. Environmental hazards and stress: evidence from the Texas City Stress and Health Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2009; 63:792-8. [PMID: 19282316 DOI: 10.1136/jech.2008.079806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial research has suggested that exposure to environmental health hazards, such as polluting industrial activity, has deleterious effects on psychological and physiological well-being. However, one gap in the existing literature is comparative analysis of objective and subjective exposure's relative association with various measurable outcomes of exposure. METHODS These relationships were explored within a community sample of 2604 respondents living near a large petrochemical complex in Texas City, Texas, USA. Objective exposure was investigated using distance of residence from a cluster of petrochemical plants and subjective exposure using residents' concern about potential health effects from those plants. Regression models were then used to examine how each type of exposure predicts perceived stress, physiological markers of stress and perceived health. RESULTS Results suggest that objective exposure was associated primarily with markers of physiological stress (interleukin-6 and viral reactivation), and subjective exposure (concern about petrochemical health risk) was associated with variables assessing perceived health. CONCLUSIONS From the analysis, it can be inferred that, in the context of an environmental hazard of this type, subjective exposure may be at least as important a predictor of poor health outcomes as objective exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Peek
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-1153, USA.
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Limkakeng A, Saraswat A, Glickman S, Molinar G, Drake W, Freeman D, Chandra A. 150: Blood Pressure Response in Hypertensive Emergency Department Patients With a History of End Organ Disease. Ann Emerg Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Freeman D, Gittins M, Pugh K, Antley A, Slater M, Dunn G. What makes one person paranoid and another person anxious? The differential prediction of social anxiety and persecutory ideation in an experimental situation. Psychol Med 2008; 38:1121-1132. [PMID: 18533055 PMCID: PMC2830058 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291708003589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years a close association between anxiety and persecutory ideation has been established, contrary to the traditional division of neurosis and psychosis. Nonetheless, the two experiences are distinct. The aim of this study was to identify factors that distinguish the occurrence of social anxiety and paranoid thoughts in an experimental situation. METHOD Two hundred non-clinical individuals broadly representative of the UK general population were assessed on a range of psychological factors, experienced a neutral virtual reality social environment, and then completed state measures of paranoia and social anxiety. Clustered bivariate logistic regressions were carried out, testing interactions between potential predictors and the type of reaction in virtual reality. RESULTS The strongest finding was that the presence of perceptual anomalies increased the risk of paranoid reactions but decreased the risk of social anxiety. Anxiety, depression, worry and interpersonal sensitivity all had similar associations with paranoia and social anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that social anxiety and persecutory ideation share many of the same predictive factors. Non-clinical paranoia may be a type of anxious fear. However, perceptual anomalies are a distinct predictor of paranoia. In the context of an individual feeling anxious, the occurrence of odd internal feelings in social situations may lead to delusional ideas through a sense of 'things not seeming right'. The study illustrates the approach of focusing on experiences such as paranoid thinking rather than diagnoses such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Freeman
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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MacIntyre A, Brouilette SW, Lamb K, Radhakrishnan K, McGlynn L, Chee MM, Parkinson EK, Freeman D, Madhok R, Shiels PG. Association of increased telomere lengths in limited scleroderma, with a lack of age-related telomere erosion. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 67:1780-2. [PMID: 18662931 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2007.086652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Telomere erosion, a feature of biological ageing, is implicated in a wide range of diseases. Its impact on autoimmune diseases remains unclear although autoantibodies against many telomere nucleoprotein components are prevalent in these diseases. We aimed to assess if telomere biology was abnormal in a cohort of patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc). METHODS Telomere lengths in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) were determined using Southern blotting methods in a cohort of lcSSc subjects (n=43; age range 37-80 years) and a control population (n=107; age range 21-65 years). RESULTS Telomere lengths in lcSSc subjects were longer than controls (p<0.001), did not show age-related telomere erosion and differed significantly from age-matched controls only after 50 years of age (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of maintenance of telomere lengths in an autoimmune disease state. These data indicate aberrant telomere biology and irregular biological ageing from the fifth decade of life. These findings provide insight into compromised DNA damage repair in lcSSc. Whether these observations indicate a causal or consequential relationship requires further investigation. This in turn, may provide potential novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A MacIntyre
- Division of Cancer Sciences and Molecular Pathology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
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Freeman D, Sun J, Bass R, Jung K, Ogbagabriel S, Elliott G, Radinsky R. Panitumumab and cetuximab epitope mapping and in vitro activity. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.14536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Orbons SM, Haftel MI, Schlockermann C, Freeman D, Milicevic M, Davis TJ, Luther-Davies B, Jamieson DN, Roberts A. Dual resonance mechanisms facilitating enhanced optical transmission in coaxial waveguide arrays. Opt Lett 2008; 33:821-823. [PMID: 18414544 DOI: 10.1364/ol.33.000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and computationally demonstrate high transmission through arrays of coaxial apertures with different geometries and arrangements in silver films. By studying both periodic and random arrangements of apertures, we were able to isolate transmission enhancement phenomena owing to surface plasmon effects from those owing to the excitation of cylindrical surface plasmons within the apertures themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Orbons
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Glickman S, Freeman D, Molinar G, Lin L, Suarez J, Chandra A, Schulmann K, Cairns C. 276: Reduced Participation Amongst Geriatric and Pediatric Patients in Emergency Clinical Research: Potential Impact of Minimal Risk Waiver and Exception From Informed Consent. Ann Emerg Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.01.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Green CEL, Freeman D, Kuipers E, Bebbington P, Fowler D, Dunn G, Garety PA. Measuring ideas of persecution and social reference: the Green et al. Paranoid Thought Scales (GPTS). Psychol Med 2008; 38:101-111. [PMID: 17903336 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291707001638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paranoia is increasingly being studied in clinical and non-clinical populations. However there is no multi-dimensional measure of persecutory ideas developed for use across the general population-psychopathology continuum. This paper reports the development of such a questionnaire: the 'Green et al. Paranoid Thought Scales'. The aim was to devise a tool to assess ideas of persecution and social reference in a simple self-report format, guided by a current definition of persecutory ideation, and incorporating assessment of conviction, preoccupation and distress. METHOD A total of 353 individuals without a history of mental illness, and 50 individuals with current persecutory delusions completed a pool of paranoid items and additional measures to assess validity. Items were devised from a recent definition of persecutory delusions, current assessments of paranoia, the authors' clinical experience, and incorporated dimensions of conviction, preoccupation and distress. Test-retest reliability in the non-clinical group was assessed at 2 weeks follow-up, and clinical change in the deluded group at 6 months follow-up. RESULTS Two 16-item scales were extracted, assessing ideas of social reference and persecution. Good internal consistency and validity was established for both scales and their dimensions. The scales were sensitive to clinical change. A hierarchical relationship between social reference and persecution was found. The data provide further evidence for a continuum of paranoid ideas between deluded and healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS A reliable and valid tool for assessing paranoid thoughts is presented. It will provide an effective way for researchers to ensure consistency in research and for clinicians to assess change with treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E L Green
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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Gracie A, Freeman D, Green S, Garety PA, Kuipers E, Hardy A, Ray K, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Fowler D. The association between traumatic experience, paranoia and hallucinations: a test of the predictions of psychological models. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2007; 116:280-9. [PMID: 17803758 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigated the relationship between trauma and predisposition to hallucinations and to paranoia in a non-clinical sample. METHOD A total of 228 students completed online measures of trauma, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schematic beliefs, perceptual anomalies, and predisposition to hallucinations and paranoia. RESULTS Associations were found between negative schematic beliefs, PTSD and predisposition to both paranoia and hallucinations. PTSD reexperiencing-symptoms were most strongly associated with a predisposition to hallucinations. Negative beliefs about self and others were most strongly associated with a predisposition to paranoia. CONCLUSION The results provide support for the prediction that there may be two routes between trauma and predisposition to psychosis. Clear support was found for a link between trauma and psychosis mediated by negative beliefs about self and others. There may also be a direct association between re-experiencing symptoms and hallucinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gracie
- King's College London, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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Freeman D, Juan T, Meropol N, Hecht J, Berlin J, van Cutsem E, Reiner M, Radinsky R, Amado R, Peeters M. 3014 (Presidential session, Tue 25 Sep 12.30–14.30) ORAL Association of somatic KRAS gene mutations and clinical outcome in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) receiving panitumumab monotherapy. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Amado R, Wolf M, Freeman D, Peeters M, Van Cutsem E, Siena S, Suggs S, Patterson S, Chang D. 7LB Analysis of KRAS mutations in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving panitumumab monotherapy. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Stanley L, Rau G, Scism M, Molinar G, Freeman D, Anderson A, Glickman S, Chandra A, Laskowitz D, Cairns C. 148: Pediatric Patients Are Less Likely to Be Eligible and to Consent to Participate Than Adult Patients in an Acute Brain Injury Study. Ann Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.06.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Barrett J, Glickman S, Caram L, Freeman D, Oien C, Molinar G, Anderson A, Suarez J, Woods C, Cairns C. 185: Utility of Triage Heart Rate and Shock Index in Predicting Infection in Emergency Department Patients With Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Criteria. Ann Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.06.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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