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Blanco D, Roberts RM, Gannoni A, Cook S. Assessment and treatment of mental health conditions in children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review of how virtual reality environments have been used. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023:13591045231204082. [PMID: 37738029 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231204082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest in the use of virtual reality environments (VREs) in psychological treatment and assessment. Most research has focused on the application of VREs in adult psychological disorders with fewer studies focusing on its applicability with children and adolescents. A systematic scoping review was undertaken of research assessing how VREs have been used in the treatment and assessment of childhood mental health disorders to provide an overview of the current state of the literature and identify future research directions. METHOD Systematic searches of online databases were conducted in PsycInfo, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. RESULTS Eleven studies met eligibility criteria and were included in this review, with the majority focusing on VRE interventions for anxiety-related disorders. There is also emerging support for VRE deep breathing training for anxiety, VRE assisted treatment of internet gaming disorder and anorexia nervosa, and VRE assessment of body image evaluation in anorexia nervosa. Most studies were pilot and feasibility studies with only three randomised-controlled trials (RCT). CONCLUSIONS The current literature shows some promise for the use of VRE assessments and interventions of childhood mental health problems, particularly for anxiety-related disorders such as social anxiety and specific phobias. However, high-quality RCTs are now needed to establish effectiveness of VREs in this population, and how it compares to existing evidence-based approaches, given its promise to improve both engagement and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Blanco
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Anne Gannoni
- Child & Adolescent Mental Health Services, Women's & Children's Health Network, Australia
| | - Steve Cook
- School of Humanities, University of Adelaide, Australia
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2
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Chowdhury R, Cook S, Watson D. Reconsidering the relationship between health and income in the UK. Soc Sci Med 2023; 332:116094. [PMID: 37499482 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The present paper revisits and extends the examination of the long-run relationship between UK life expectancy and income provided by Tapia Granados (2012). Adopting a more detailed form of analysis, a clear break corresponding to the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic is identified in the long span of data examined. This finding of structural change, along with detected uncertainty regarding the orders of integration of the series examined, results in the application of split-sample analysis employing autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modelling. The results obtained reverse the 'no long-run relationship' conclusion of Tapia Granados (2012) with overwhelming evidence presented in support of a negative relationship between life expectancy and income. Our findings add to both health-income research and a burgeoning literature on the reproduction and replication of previously published empirical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosen Chowdhury
- School of Social Sciences, Swansea University, United Kingdom.
| | - Steve Cook
- School of Social Sciences, Swansea University, United Kingdom.
| | - Duncan Watson
- School of Economics, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom.
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3
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Yang W, Cook S, Wu D. Pre-clinical Formulation Development of an in situ Meglumine Salt of AZD5991: A Novel Macrocyclic Mcl-1 Inhibitor. Pharm Res 2023; 40:977-988. [PMID: 37012536 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE AZD5991 is a potent and selective macrocyclic inhibitor of Mcl-1 in clinical development. Developing an intravenous solution formulation for AZD5991 proved to be challenging primarily due to the poor intrinsic solubility of AZD5991. In this article are described studies performed to select a suitable crystalline form and to assess physicochemical properties of AZD5991 to aid in the design of a solution formulation for preclinical studies. METHODS It is preferable that the preclinical formulation has a line of sight for clinical formulation. For AZD5991, a concentration of at least 20 mg/ml was required for toxicology studies. Toward this goal, extensive pre-formulation characterization of AZD5991 including solid form analysis, pH-solubility profiling and solubility determination in cosolvents and other solubilizing media were carried out. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Crystalline Form A, which is more stable in aqueous solution and possesses acceptable thermal stability, was selected for preclinical and clinical development of AZD5991. Extensive solubility evaluation revealed an interesting pH-solubility profile that significantly enhances solubilization at pH > 8.5 to allow solution concentrations of at least 30 mg/ml by in situ meglumine salt formation. CONCLUSION Developing pre-clinical formulations to support in vivo studies requires a good understanding of the physicochemical properties of the drug candidates. Candidates with challenging pharmaceutic properties like the novel macrocycle molecule AZD5991, demand extensive characterization in its polymorph landscape, solubility profile and suitability evaluation of the excipients. Meglumine, a pH-adjusting and solubilizing agent, was found to be the best choice for formulating AZD5991 into an intravenous product to support preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhan Yang
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA.
| | - Steve Cook
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA
| | - Dedong Wu
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA
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4
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Liber AC, Knoll M, Cadham CJ, Issabakhsh M, Oh H, Cook S, Warner KE, Mistry R, Levy DT. The Role of Flavored Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports 2023; 7:100143. [PMID: 37012981 PMCID: PMC10066538 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) come in numerous flavors and may aid smoking cessation. This systematic review examines evidence on the role of ENDS flavors in smoking cessation. Methods We searched EMBASE OVID, PsychInfo, and Medline databases for studies that: 1) examined cigarette cessation outcomes for persons using ENDS (intent, attempts, and success) and 2) reported results separated by respondent's ENDS flavor used. We extracted crude and adjusted odds ratios for associations between cessation outcomes and types of ENDS flavors used (nontobacco vs. tobacco/unflavored; nontobacco and nonmenthol vs. tobacco/unflavored and menthol). We did not consider cessation outcomes among people not using ENDS. We evaluated the evidence using the GRADE approach, focusing on consistency and reliability of findings across studies. Results 29 studies met inclusion criteria, producing 36 odds ratios (ORs) comparing cessation outcomes across ENDS flavor groups. Three ORs examined quit intent, five examined quit attempts, and 28 examined quit success. Using GRADE, we reached Low levels of certainty that there was not an association between ENDS flavor use and intention to quit smoking or making a quit attempt. There were Very Low levels of certainty that nontobacco flavored versus tobacco/unflavored ENDS use was not associated with smoking cessation success, with similar findings for nonmenthol and nontobacco compared to tobacco and menthol flavored ENDS. Conclusion The evidence about the role of different flavored ENDS use and smoking cessation outcomes is inconclusive, reflecting highly heterogeneous study definitions and methodological limitations. More high-quality evidence, ideally from randomized controlled trials, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C. Liber
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown Medical University, 3800 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20057, United States
- Corresponding author.
| | - Marie Knoll
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown Medical University, 3800 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cadham
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mona Issabakhsh
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown Medical University, 3800 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Hayoung Oh
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown Medical University, 3800 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Steve Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kenneth E. Warner
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ritesh Mistry
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David T. Levy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown Medical University, 3800 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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Saunders MP, Graham J, Cunningham D, Plummer R, Church D, Kerr R, Cook S, Zheng S, La Thangue N, Kerr D. CXD101 and nivolumab in patients with metastatic microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer (CAROSELL): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase II trial. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100594. [PMID: 36327756 PMCID: PMC9808483 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal carcinoma (CRC) do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Preclinical models suggested synergistic anti-tumour activity combining CXD101 and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 treatment; therefore, we assessed the clinical combination of CXD101 and nivolumab in heavily pre-treated patients with MSS metastatic CRC (mCRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS This single-arm, open-label study enrolled patients aged 18 years or older with biopsy-confirmed MSS CRC; at least two lines of systemic anticancer therapies (including oxaliplatin and irinotecan); at least one measurable lesion; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0, 1 or 2; predicted life expectancy above 3 months; and adequate organ and bone marrow function. Nine patients were enrolled in a safety run-in study to define a tolerable combination schedule of CXD101 and nivolumab, followed by 46 patients in the efficacy assessment phase. Patients in the efficacy assessment cohort were treated orally with 20 mg CXD101 twice daily for 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks, and intravenously with 240 mg nivolumab every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was immune disease control rate (iDCR). RESULTS Between 2018 and 2020, 55 patients were treated with CXD101 and nivolumab. The combination therapy was well tolerated with the most frequent grade 3 or 4 adverse events being neutropenia (18%) and anaemia (7%). Immune-related adverse reactions commonly ascribed to checkpoint inhibitors were surprisingly rare although we did see single cases of pneumonitis, hypothyroidism and hypopituitarism. There were no treatment-related deaths. Of 46 patients assessable for efficacy, 4 (9%) achieved partial response and 18 (39%) achieved stable disease, translating to an immune disease control rate of 48%. The median overall survival (OS) was 7.0 months (95% confidence interval 5.13-10.22 months). CONCLUSIONS The primary endpoint was met in this phase II study, which showed that the combination of CXD101 and nivolumab, at full individual doses in the treatment of advanced or metastatic MSS CRC, was both well tolerated and efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Saunders
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - J Graham
- The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Cunningham
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Plummer
- The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - D Church
- The Churchill Hospital Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - R Kerr
- The Churchill Hospital Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - S Cook
- Celleron Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK
| | - S Zheng
- Celleron Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK
| | | | - D Kerr
- The Churchill Hospital Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK; Celleron Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK
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6
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Jindani F, Cook S, Shi J, McAvoy S, Myers C, Matheson FI, van der Maas M, Sanchez S, Ferentzy P, Turner NE. Exploring the Gaps in Programming for Men and Women with a Gambling Disorder in the Correctional System in Canada. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2022; 66:1366-1386. [PMID: 34009039 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x211013743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of problem gambling in the correctional system is about 10 times higher than in the general population, but programming for gambling problems in the correctional system is scarce. Examined barriers to treatment for problem gamblers in the correctional system, sex or gender differences, and options for program design. We conducted interviews with 16 experts who had worked with problem gamblers in the correctional system and analyzed the data in terms of themes. For barriers, the experts discussed a lack of awareness about problem gambling, as well as stigmatization and lockdowns. Experts described the content of current programs as equally applicable to both men and women, but that emotional components were more important for women. Finally, the experts had mixed views on whether programming should be integrated with other programs such as substance abuse. Programming implications for this population are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Jindani
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Seneca college, Toronto
| | | | - Jing Shi
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steve McAvoy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chris Myers
- Addiction & Mental Health Services-Kingston, Frontenac, Lennox & Addington, ON, Canada
| | - Flora I Matheson
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Peter Ferentzy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nigel E Turner
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Borrego I, Frobert A, Cook S, Dengjel J, Giraud MN. Fibrin, Bone Marrow Cells And Macrophages Interactively Modulate Cardiomyoblast Fate: An In Vitro Study. Cardiovasc Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac066.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The study was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF 310030_149986) attributed to MNG, the University of Fribourg and the Fonds Scientifique Cardiovasculaire FSC, Fribourg Hospital attributed to SC
The spatiotemporal interaction of macrophages with the cardiac extracellular matrix, cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes has shown increasing interest in cardiac repair and regeneration. Due to their immunomodulatory capacities, cell-based therapies for myocardial infarction (MI) may influence macrophages fate. In addition, the use of biomaterials combined with cells is nowadays a recommended approach for cell-based therapies to fosters cell retention and survival. Depending on their composition and structure, scaffolds may modulate macrophage phenotypes. We interrogated the influence of fibrin, a biologically active scaffold, on the fate of cells including bone marrow cells (BMC), macrophages and cardiomyoblasts.
Methods
In vivo, two weeks post-MI induction, animals with an ejection fraction between 35-60% were either sham-operated animals or treated with an epicardial implantation of a BMC and fibrin. In vivo, two weeks post-MI induction, animals with an ejection fraction between 35-60% were either sham-operated animals or treated with an epicardial implantation of a BMC and fibrin. In vitro, non-polarized macrophages were differentiated toward either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes and stimulated with the conditioned medium of fibrin-primed BMC (F-BMC). Proteomic, cytokine levels quantification, and qPCR were performed. EdU incorporation and real time cell analysis assessed the effect of F-BMC on macrophages and cardiomyoblasts H9C2 proliferation.
Results
In vivo, epicardial implantation of Fibrin and BMC reduced the loss of cardiac function induced by MI and prevented the fibrotic scar expansion. After 4 and 12 weeks, the infarct content of CD68+ and CD206+ macrophages were similar in control and treated animals. To investigate acute effect, we performed in vitro assays. We showed that fibrin profoundly influenced gene expression and the secreted proteome of BMC, simultaneously upregulating both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, the conditioned medium from F-BMC significantly increased the proliferation of anti-inflammatory macrophages and modulated their gene expression and cytokines secretion. For example, F-BMC downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, in particular Nos2, Il6 and Ccl2/Mcp1. Anti-inflammatory genes such as Arg1, Tgfb and IL10 were significantly upregulated. Interestingly, anti-inflammatory macrophages educated by F-BMC stimulated EdU incorporation in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts.
In conclusion, our study provides evidence that F-BMC secretome promoted the growth of anti-inflammatory macrophages, stimulated macrophage plasticity and altered the balance between the pro and anti-inflammatory macrophage subsets. F-BMC secretome favoured the mitogenic properties of anti-inflammatory macrophages promoting cardiac cell growth. In vivo, F-BMC treatment lowered the infarct extent and increased wall thickness and improved cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Borrego
- University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - A Frobert
- University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - S Cook
- Fribourg Hospital , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - J Dengjel
- University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - MN Giraud
- University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
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8
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Gallon R, Kibbi N, Cook S, Santibanez‐Koref M, Jackson M, Burn J, Rajan N. Sebaceous tumours: a prototypical class of skin tumour for universal germline genetic testing. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:1045-1046. [PMID: 34050928 PMCID: PMC8601031 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Gallon
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - N. Kibbi
- Department of DermatologyStanford UniversityRedwood CityCAUSA
| | - S. Cook
- Department of PathologyRoyal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - M.S. Jackson
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - J. Burn
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - N. Rajan
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Department of DermatologyRoyal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon TyneUK
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9
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De Marvao A, McGurk K, Zheng S, Thanaj M, Bai W, Duan J, Halliday B, Pantazis A, Prasad S, Rueckert D, Walsh R, Ho C, Cook S, Ware J, O'Regan D. Outcomes and phenotypic expression of rare variants in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy genes in over 200,000 adults. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is caused by rare variants in sarcomere-encoding genes, but little is known about the clinical significance of these variants in the general population.
Purpose
To determine the population prevalence of HCM-associated sarcomeric variants, characterise their phenotypic manifestations, estimate penetrance, and identify associations between sarcomeric variants and clinical outcomes, we performed an observational study of 218,813 adults in the UK Biobank (UKBB), of whom 200,584 have whole exome sequencing (WES).
Methods
We carried out an integrated analysis of WES and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in UK Biobank participants stratified by sarcomere-encoding variant status. Computer vision techniques were used to automatically segment the four chambers of the heart (Figure 1). Cardiac motion analysis was used to derive strain and strain rates. Regional analysis of left ventricular wall thickness was performed using three-dimensional modelling of these segmentations.
Results
Median age at recruitment was 58 (IQR 50–63 years), and participants were followed up for a median of 10.8 years (IQR 9.9–11.6 years) with a total of 19,507 primary clinical events reported.
The prevalence of rare variants (allele frequency <0.ehab724.17314) in HCM-associated sarcomere-encoding genes in 200,584 participants was 2.9% (n=5,727; 1 in 35), and the prevalence of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (SARC-P/LP) was 0.24% (n=474, 1 in 423).
SARC-P/LP variants were associated with increased risk of death or major adverse cardiac events (MACE) compared to controls (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.37–2.06, p<0.001), mainly due to heart failure endpoints (Figure 2: cumulative hazard curves with zoomed plots for lifetime risk of A) death and MACE or B) heart failure, stratified by genotype; genotype negative (SARC-NEG), carriers of indeterminate sarcomeric variants (SARC-IND) or SARC-P/LP; C) Forest plot of comparative lifetime risk of clinical endpoints by genotype).
While males had a higher overall risk of adverse outcomes, the incremental genetic risk from SARC-P/LP mutations was greater in females (HR for females: 2.18 CI 1.65–2.89, p<0.001; HR for males: 1.42 CI 1.05–1.9, p=0.02).
In 21,322 participants with CMR, SARC-P/LP were associated with asymmetric increase in left ventricular maximum wall thickness (10.9±2.7 vs 9.4±1.6 mm, p<0.001) but hypertrophy (≥13mm) was only present in 16% (n=7/43, 95% CI 7–31%). Other rare sarcomere-encoding variants had a weak effect on wall thickness (9.5±1.7 vs 9.4±1.6 mm, p=0.002) with no combined excess cardiovascular risk.
Conclusions
In the general population, SARC-P/LP variants have low aggregate penetrance for overt HCM but are associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and a sub-clinical cardiomyopathic phenotype. Although absolute event rates are low, identification of these variants may enhance risk stratification beyond familial disease.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The study was supported by the Medical Research Council, UK (MC-A651-53301); National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre; NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit; British Heart Foundation (NH/17/1/32725, RG/19/6/34387, RE/18/4/34215).
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Marvao
- Imperial College London, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - K McGurk
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Zheng
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Thanaj
- Imperial College London, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - W Bai
- Imperial College London, Department of Computing, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Duan
- Imperial College London, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - B Halliday
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Pantazis
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Prasad
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Rueckert
- Imperial College London, Department of Computing, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Walsh
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, AMC Heart Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - C Ho
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cardiovascular Division, Boston, United States of America
| | - S Cook
- Imperial College London, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Ware
- Imperial College London, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - D O'Regan
- Imperial College London, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Kholmatova K, Kudryavtsev AV, Malyutina S, Hopstock LA, Cook S, Krettek A, Leon DA. Obesity prevalence and associations with socio-economic and behavioral factors in population-based studies in Russia and Norway, 2015–2017. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Obesity is an epidemic of XXI century, as its prevalence doubled during the last forty years. As Russia and Norway are countries with different life expectancy there could be differences in obesity and its correlates.
Purpose
To investigate and compare prevalence and socio-economic and behavioral factors associated with obesity in Russia and Norway with data from population-based studies.
Methods
We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations of obesity (body mass index>30 kg/m2) with socio-economic factors (age, education, marital status, and poor financial situation defined as difficulty to afford clothes) and behavioral characteristics (smoking, alcohol use) in participants aged 40–69 years from the Know Your Heart study (Russia, 2015–2017, N=4 106) and the seventh Study (Norway, 2015–16, N=17 604). All results for covariates are mutually adjusted. Between-study comparisons of the associations of obesity with the same covariates were performed through investigation of their interactions with the “study” variable.
Results
The age-standardized prevalence of obesity was higher in Russia among women (36.8 vs 22.0%, p<0.001) and did not differ among men (26.7 vs 25.7%, p=0.224). In Russian women, obesity was positively associated with age of 50–69 years relative to 40–49 years (OR=2.5, 95% CI 2.0–3.1), no university education (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.8), and poor financial situation (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.9). In Norwegian women, obesity was negatively associated with the age of 50–69 years (OR=0.8, 95% CI 0.8–1.0), current smoking (OR=0.8, 95% CI 0.7–1.0) and drinking alcohol ≥2 times per week (OR=0.6, 95% CI 0.5–0.6), and positively associated with no university education (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.3–1.7), previous smoking (OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.4), and drinking ≥5 alcohol drinks per occasion (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.2). In Russian men, obesity was positively associated with living with spouse/partner (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.2), drinking alcohol ≥2 times per week (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.8), and negatively associated with current smoking (OR=0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.8). In Norwegian men, obesity was positively associated with no university education (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.6), previous smoking (OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.5), and drinking ≥5 alcohol drinks per occasion (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.5–1.9), and negatively associated with current smoking (OR=0.8, 95% CI 0.7–1.0) and drinking alcohol ≥2 times per week (OR=0.7, 95% CI 0.6–0.7). Interactions with the “study” variable in women were significant for age, financial situation, frequency of alcohol use; in men - for living with spouse/partner, frequency of alcohol use, number of alcohol drinks taken per occasion.
Conclusion
The prevalence of obesity was higher in Russian compared to Norwegian women, but there was no difference between Russian and Norwegian men. There were different between-country patterns of the associations of obesity with the socio-economic and behavioral characteristics.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): The Know Your Heart study was a component of International Project on Cardiovascular Disease in Russia and funded by Wellcome Trust Strategic Award [100217], UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, and Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services. The Tromsø Study was funded by UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Northern Norway Regional Health Authority, Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services, Norwegian Research Council, and various public and charity research funds in Norway. PhD scholarship and operational funds of the first author were provided by Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia and by UiT The Arctic University of Norway
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kholmatova
- Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - A V Kudryavtsev
- Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - S Malyutina
- Research institute of internal and preventive medicine branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - L A Hopstock
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - S Cook
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Krettek
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - D A Leon
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Peacock M, Audet J, Bastviken D, Cook S, Evans CD, Grinham A, Holgerson MA, Högbom L, Pickard AE, Zieliński P, Futter MN. Small artificial waterbodies are widespread and persistent emitters of methane and carbon dioxide. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:5109-5123. [PMID: 34165851 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inland waters play an active role in the global carbon cycle and emit large volumes of the greenhouse gases (GHGs), methane (CH4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ). A considerable body of research has improved emissions estimates from lakes, reservoirs and rivers but recent attention has been drawn to the importance of small, artificial waterbodies as poorly quantified but potentially important emission hotspots. Of particular interest are emissions from drainage ditches and constructed ponds. These waterbody types are prevalent in many landscapes and their cumulative surface areas can be substantial. Furthermore, GHG emissions from constructed waterbodies are anthropogenic in origin and form part of national emissions reporting, whereas emissions from natural waterbodies do not (according to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines). Here, we present GHG data from two complementary studies covering a range of land uses. In the first, we measured emissions from nine ponds and seven ditches over a full year. Annual emissions varied considerably: 0.1-44.3 g CH4 m-2 year-1 and -36-4421 g CO2 m-2 year-1 . In the second, we measured GHG concentrations in 96 ponds and 64 ditches across seven countries, covering subtropical, temperate and sub-arctic biomes. When CH4 emissions were converted to CO2 equivalents, 93% of waterbodies were GHG sources. In both studies, GHGs were positively related to nutrient status (C, N, P), and pond GHG concentrations were highest in smallest waterbodies. Ditch and pond emissions were larger per unit area when compared to equivalent natural systems (streams, natural ponds). We show that GHG emissions from natural systems should not be used as proxies for those from artificial waterbodies, and that artificial waterbodies have the potential to make a substantial but largely unquantified contribution to emissions from the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use sector, and the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peacock
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Audet
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - D Bastviken
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - S Cook
- School of Biosciences, Division of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - C D Evans
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - A Grinham
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - M A Holgerson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L Högbom
- Skogforsk, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, SLU, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A E Pickard
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Zieliński
- Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - M N Futter
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Sharma D, Atassi F, Cook S, Marden S, Wang J, Xue A, Wagner DJ, Zhang G, Yang W. Experimental design, development and evaluation of extended release subcutaneous thermo-responsive in situ gels for small molecules in drug discovery. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:1079-1089. [PMID: 34558389 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.1985519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to develop extended release subcutaneous thermo-responsive in situ gel-forming delivery systems using the following commercially available triblock polymers: poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA, copolymer A & B) and poly (lactide-co-caprolactone)-poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL-PEG-PLCL, copolymer C). Performance of two optimized formulations containing ketoprofen as a model compound, was assessed by comparing in vitro drug release profiles with in vivo performance following subcutaneous administration in rats. This work employs a Design of Experiment (DoE) approach to explore first, the relationship between copolymer composition, concentration, and gelation temperature (GT), and second, to identify the optimal copolymer composition and drug loading in the thermo-responsive formulation. Furthermore, this work discusses the disconnect observed between in vitro drug release and in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles. In vitro, both formulations showed extended-release profiles for 5-9 days, while PK parameters and plasma profiles were similar in vivo without extended release observed. In conclusion, a clear disconnection is observed between in vitro ketoprofen drug release and in vivo performance from the two thermogel formulations tested. This finding highlights a remaining challenge for thermogel formulation development, that is, being able to accurately predict in vivo behavior from in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Faraj Atassi
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve Cook
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey Marden
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianyan Wang
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aixiang Xue
- Animal Sciences and Technologies, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Wenzhan Yang
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Gagnon R, El Hallani S, Lee-Ying R, Kolinsky M, Khalaf D, Cook S, Vasquez C, Samuel D, Lewis J, Faridi R, Borkar M, Heng D, Alimohamed N, Ruether J, Gotto G, Fairey A, Bismar T, Yip S. 604P Predictive genomic biomarkers in non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) treated with androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPi). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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14
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Cook S, Greensmith T, Humm K. Successful management of aspiration pneumopathy without antimicrobial agents: 14 dogs (2014-2021). J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:1108-1113. [PMID: 34423436 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe clinical cases of aspiration pneumonitis and pneumonia in dogs, which were successfully managed without antimicrobials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective case review of dogs presenting to a referral teaching hospital between February 2014 and February 2021. Cases were included when a clinical diagnosis of aspiration pneumopathy was made (requiring one or more of the following: radiographic evidence of an aspiration pneumopathy, endotracheal airway sampling consistent with aspiration and/or a positive endotracheal airway sample culture) which was not treated with antimicrobial therapy. RESULTS Fourteen cases were identified of which nine had respiratory signs including increased respiratory rate or effort (n=8), arterial hypoxaemia (n=2), or a clinician-determined requirement for oxygen therapy (n=4). Where haematology was performed, five of nine displayed a normal neutrophil count with toxic changes, three displayed neutrophilia and one displayed neutropenia with toxic changes. Endotracheal airway sample cytology in four cases revealed neutrophilic inflammation with bacteria, plant material, yeasts and unidentified foreign material. Where respiratory signs were present, these resolved within 12 to 36 hours. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this case series, immunocompetent dogs sustaining aspiration events, even with classical evidence of pneumonitis or pneumonia, have been managed successfully without antimicrobials. Radiography alone cannot be used to determine the requirement for antimicrobials. Better characterisation of the pathogenesis and clinical trajectory of aspiration pneumopathy is required, which may enable a reduction in inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cook
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - T Greensmith
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - K Humm
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
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15
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Cook S, Bajwa D, Hollestein L, Husain A, Rajan N. A 5-year retrospective review of skin adnexal tumours received at a tertiary dermatopathology service: Implications for linked genetic diagnoses. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:167-173. [PMID: 34388263 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin adnexal tumours (SATs) comprise a diverse range of neoplasms, which are difficult to diagnose clinically. They present in paediatric and adult populations, and may be indicative of an underlying genetic syndrome. There is a lack of recent data on the presentation of these tumours in clinical practice in European populations. OBJECTIVE To characterise the clinical and pathological features of SATs received at a single tertiary centre over a 5-year period. METHODS A retrospective health record audit of SATs received at the Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, during the period November 2012 to October 2017. RESULTS 107144 skin cases were received during the audit period. 1615 cases of SATs from 1359 patients were included; 1570 (97.2%) were benign and 45 (2.8%) were malignant. Overall, the average age at presentation was 55 years (range 11 months - 97 years) and the male to female ratio was 0.77:1. Sweat gland and hair follicle SATs were most frequently excised; in adults the most frequent tumour was hidrocystoma, and in children, pilomatrixoma. Pre-biopsy diagnosis was correct 28% of the time. Benign SATs are often markers of an associated genetic condition, warranting improved discrimination of sporadic from genetically related SATs. CONCLUSIONS SATs are difficult to diagnose clinically, and clinicopathological correlation may help enhance selection of genetically related SATs from sporadic cases. These data have implications for clinical and dermatopathological training provision, the development of reporting standards, and genetic assessment of selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cook
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Bajwa
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Hollestein
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Husain
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - N Rajan
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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16
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Hopstock L, Morseth B, Cook S, Eggen AE, Grimgsgaard S, Lundblad MW, Lochen ML, Mathiesen EB, Nilsen A, Njolstad I. Treatment target achievement after myocardial infarction: cardiovascular risk factors, medication use and lifestyle in Norwegian women and men. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvab060.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Although the use of guidelines in clinical practice is emphasised, large multi-center studies of patients with cardiovascular disease have shown secondary prevention to be suboptimal, which increase the risk of recurrent events.
Purpose
To examine ESC guideline treatment target achievement after myocardial infarction for cardiovascular risk factors, medication use and a broad range of lifestyle factors in women and men from a Norwegian general population.
Methods
In a population-based study conducted 2015-2016 (65% attendance), 637 participants 40-95 years (23% women, 70% ≥65 years) had validated myocardial infarction. Cross-sectionally, we investigated target achievement for blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg, <130/80 mmHg if diabetes), LDL cholesterol (<1.8 mmol/L), HbA1c (<7.0% if diabetes), weight (body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2, waist circumference (women <80 cm, men <94 cm)), smoking (non-smoking), physical activity (self-reported >sedentary, accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous ≥150 min/week), diet (intake of fruits ≥200 g/day, vegetables ≥200 g/day, fish ≥200 g/week, saturated fat <10E%, fiber ≥30g/day, and alcohol (women ≤10 g/day, men ≤20 g/day)), and medication use (antihypertensives, lipid-lowering drugs, antithrombotics, antidiabetics) using regression models.
Results
Proportion of target achievement was for blood pressure 55.8%, LDL cholesterol 9.3%, HbA1c 42.7%, BMI 19.5%, waist circumference 15.6%, non-smoking 86.2%, self-reported physical activity 79.5%, objectively measured physical activity 9.1%, intake of fruits 66.7%, vegetables 38.4%, fish 96.8%, saturated fat 25.4%, fiber 29.5%, and alcohol 78.5%, use of antidiabetics 84.3%, lipid-lowering drugs 86.8%, antihypertensives 78.5% and antithrombotics 77.9%. In total, 0.8% achieved all cardiovascular risk factor targets (blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, BMI and waist circumference combined). Compared to men, a lower proportion of women achieved the target for waist circumference (6.9% vs 18.1%, p = 0.002). Compared to participants 65 years or older, a higher proportion of those 40-64 years achieved the target for blood pressure (71.2% vs 49.0%, p < 0.001), and a lower proportion achieved the target for BMI (15.3 vs 21.4, p = 0.007).
Conclusion
Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction was suboptimal in both women and men. A negligible proportion achieved the treatment target for all risk factors. Improvement in follow-up care after myocardial infarction is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hopstock
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Community Medicine, Tromso, Norway
| | - B Morseth
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, School of Sport Sciences, Tromso, Norway
| | - S Cook
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Population Health, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - AE Eggen
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Community Medicine, Tromso, Norway
| | - S Grimgsgaard
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Community Medicine, Tromso, Norway
| | - MW Lundblad
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Community Medicine, Tromso, Norway
| | - ML Lochen
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Community Medicine, Tromso, Norway
| | - EB Mathiesen
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Clinical Medicine, Tromso, Norway
| | - A Nilsen
- Nordland Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Bodo, Norway
| | - I Njolstad
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Community Medicine, Tromso, Norway
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17
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Bajwa DS, Cook S, Winn R, Winship IM, McQueen A, Husain A, Rajan N. Multifocal extracardiac rhabdomyomas: extending the phenotype of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:861-863. [PMID: 34048023 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D S Bajwa
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NUTCRI, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Cook
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - R Winn
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NUTCRI, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - I M Winship
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A McQueen
- Department of Radiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Husain
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - N Rajan
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NUTCRI, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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18
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Sánchez de Ribera O, Trajtenberg N, Cook S. Executive functioning among first time and recidivist inmates in Uruguay. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2021; 29:1242-1249. [PMID: 33397160 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1864634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has found association between antisocial behavior and deficits in executive functioning. However, research into a link between them accounting for criminal history has found divergent results in western countries. The present study sought to determine the severity of executive functioning deficits in offenders compared to a normative sample, and the differences between first time offenders as compared to recidivists in Uruguay using a cross-sectional design. The neuropsychological performance of 334 male adult inmates was assessed using the BRIEF- A and a normative sample of 377. Results indicated that offenders performed significantly worse than non-offenders in the global score and the subscales of the BRIEF-A. Moreover, first time offenders exhibited less performance deficits in cognitive functioning than recidivist offenders. Compared to first time offenders, recidivist showed executive dysfunction concerning behavioral regulation index and globally. These results enhance our knowledge about executive dysfunction associated with criminality and may help to tailor the offenders' programs to offenders with executive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sánchez de Ribera
- Universidad de la Republica Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Steve Cook
- University of Michigan Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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19
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Henning D, Parrott C, Read T, Cook S, Bradshaw CS. Homelessness, sex and a tale of two sexually transmitted infections. Int J STD AIDS 2020; 32:83-85. [PMID: 33167804 DOI: 10.1177/0956462420958904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Young People's Health Service (YPHS) is a free, nurse-led Primary Health Care Clinic, in Melbourne, for young people aged 12-24 who are experiencing homelessness. Sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening is routinely offered as part of comprehensive psychosocial assessments. We wanted to determine the number of people positive for Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg), amongst this asymptomatic high-risk population. We also wanted to review our screening practice. All asymptomatic sexually active clients seen by YPHS between 2014 and 2016 were offered a first pass urine polymerase chain reaction-based test for Ct and Mg. Urine samples were taken for men and women. Positivity for Ct and Mg out of those tested was determined and association with gender examined. Between 2014-2016, 272 males and 278 females (n = 550) were screened for Ct, and 72 infections were detected (13.1%. Chlamydia positivity did not differ between males (n = 35; 12.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.8-16.8) and females (n = 37; 13.3%, 95%CI: 9.3-17.3). Over the same period 273 males and 284 females were screened for Mg (n = 557) and 55 infections were detected (9.9%). A higher proportion of females (n = 35; 12.3%, 95%CI: 8.5-16.1) tested positive compared to males (n = 20; 7.3%, 95%CI: 4.2-10.4), p = 0.048. Our study demonstrates both Ct and Mg are prevalent in the population, Mg being more common in young women than young men. Referral for specialist care for macrolide-resistant Mg increased and the updated Australian STI management guidelines led to a review of practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Henning
- Royal Children's Hospital, Young People's Health Service, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Parrott
- Royal Children's Hospital, Young People's Health Service, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T Read
- Monash Medical School, Clayton, Australia
| | - S Cook
- Royal Children's Hospital, Young People's Health Service, Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Walsh R, Mazzarotto F, Hawley M, Beltrami M, Beekman L, Boschi B, Girolami F, Roberts A, Cerbai E, Cook S, Ware J, Funke B, Olivotto I, Bezzina C, Barton P. The genetic architecture of left ventricular non-compaction reveals both substantial overlap with other cardiomyopathies and a distinct aetiology in a subset of cases. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a condition characterised by trabeculations in the myocardial wall and is the subject of considerable conjecture as to whether it represents a distinct pathology or a secondary phenotype associated with other cardiac diseases, particularly cardiomyopathies.
Purpose
To investigate the genetic architecture of LVNC by identifying genes and variant classes robustly associated with disease and comparing these to other genetically characterised cardiomyopathies.
Methods
We performed rare variant association analysis using six different LVNC cohorts comprising 840 cases together with 125,748 gnomAD population controls and compared results to similar analyses with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) cases.
Results
We observed substantial overlap in genes and variant classes enriched in LVNC and DCM/HCM, indicating that in many cases LVNC belongs to a spectrum of more established cardiomyopathies, with non-compaction representing a phenotypic variation in patients with DCM- or HCM-causing variants. In contrast, five variant classes were uniquely enriched in LVNC cases, of which truncating variants in MYH7, ACTN2 and PRDM16 may represent a distinct LVNC aetiology. MYH7 truncating variants are generally considered as non-pathogenic but were detected in 2% of LVNC cases compared to 0.1% of controls, including a cluster of variants around a single splice region. Additionally, structural variants (exon deletions) in RYR2 and missense variants in the transmembrane region of HCN4 were enriched in LVNC cases, confirming prior reports regarding the association of these variant classes with combined LVNC and arrhythmia phenotypes.
Conclusions
We demonstrated that genetic association analysis can clarify the relationship between LVNC and established cardiomyopathies, highlighted substantial overlap with DCM/HCM but also identified variant classes associated with distinct LVNC and with joint LVNC/arrhythmia phenotypes. These results underline the complex genetic landscape of LVNC and inform how genetic testing in LVNC cases should be pursued and interpreted.
Cardiomyopathy rare variant frequencies
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- R Walsh
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - F Mazzarotto
- University of Florence, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence, Italy
| | - M Hawley
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - M Beltrami
- Careggi University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Unit, Florence, Italy
| | - L Beekman
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - B Boschi
- Careggi University Hospital, Genetic Unit, Florence, Italy
| | - F Girolami
- Meyer University Hospital, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Florence, Italy
| | - A Roberts
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Cerbai
- University of Florence, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Florence, Italy
| | - S Cook
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Ware
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - B Funke
- Massachusetts General Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology, Boston, United States of America
| | - I Olivotto
- Careggi University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Unit, Florence, Italy
| | - C Bezzina
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - P Barton
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Iglesias J, Heg D, Roffi M, Tueller D, Muller O, Moarof I, Cook S, Weilenmann D, Kaiser C, Valgimigli M, Juni P, Windecker S, Pilgrim T. 5-year outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Newest generation drug-eluting stents (DES) combining ultrathin cobalt chromium platforms with biodegradable polymers may reduce target lesion failure (TLF) as compared to second generation DES among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). While previous studies indicated a potential benefit within the first two years after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), it remains uncertain whether the clinical benefit persists after complete degradation of the polymer coating.
Purpose
To compare the long-term effects of ultrathin-strut biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents (BP-SES) versus thin-strut durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents (DP-EES) for PCI in patients with ACS.
Methods
We performed a subgroup analysis of ACS patients included into the BIOSCIENCE trial (NCT01443104), a randomized trial comparing BP-SES with DP-EES. The primary endpoint of the present post-hoc analysis was TLF, a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (MI) and clinically indicated target lesion revascularization (TLR), at 5 years.
Results
Among 2,119 patients enrolled between March 2012 and May 2013, 1,131 (53%) presented with ACS (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 36%). Compared to patients with stable CAD, ACS patients were younger, had a lower baseline cardiac risk profile, including a lower prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, and peripheral artery disease, and had a greater incidence of previous revascularization procedures. At 5 years, TLF occurred similarly in 89 patients (cumulative incidence, 16.9%) treated with BP-SES and 85 patients (16.0%) treated with DP-EES (RR 1.04; 95% CI 0.78–1.41; p=0.78) in patients with ACS, and in 109 patients (24.1%) treated with BP-SES and 104 patients (21.8%) treated with DP-EES (RR 1.11; 95% CI 0.85–1.45; p=0.46) in stable CAD patients (p for interaction=0.77) (Figure 1, Panel A). Cumulative incidences of cardiac death (8% vs. 7%; p=0.66), target vessel MI (5.2% vs. 5.8%; p=0.66), clinically indicated TLR (8.9% vs. 8.3%; p=0.63) (Figure 1, Panel B-D), and definite thrombosis (1.4% vs. 1.0%; p=0.57) at 5 years were similar among ACS patients treated with ultrathin-strut BP-SES or thin-strut DP-EES. Overall, there was no interaction between clinical presentation and treatment effect of BP-SES versus DP-EES.
Conclusion
In a subgroup analysis of the BIOSCIENCE trial, we found no difference in long-term clinical outcomes between ACS patients treated with ultrathin-strut BP-SES or thin-strut DP-EES at five years.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Unrestricted research grant to the institution from Biotronik AG, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- J.F Iglesias
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Heg
- Bern University Hospital, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Roffi
- Geneva University Hospitals, Cardiology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Tueller
- Triemli Hospital, Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O Muller
- University Hospital Centre Vaudois (CHUV), Cardiology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Moarof
- Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Cardiology, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - S Cook
- University of Fribourg, Cardiology, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - D Weilenmann
- Kantonsspital, Cardiology, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - C Kaiser
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Valgimigli
- Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Juni
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Windecker
- Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Pilgrim
- Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
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Borrego I, Frobert A, Cook S, Giraud M. As a biopatch, fibrin and bone marrow-derived cells modulate macrophage polarization and cardiomyobasts proliferation. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Repair of the cardiac structure and function is the holy grail for curative treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). Clinical trials for cardiac cell-based therapies have revealed numerous challenges and led to a shift in the initial paradigms. The current concept is that cell/matrix-based therapy modifies the local immune response, releases factors involved in tissue repair, mitigates the progression of ventricular remodelling, and rescues the cardiac function. Macrophages are critical players in cardiac remodelling post-MI with a complex role yet not fully elucidated in cell-based therapy.
Purpose
We, first, investigated in an MI animal model, the myocardial macrophage content following an epicardial application of a biopatch composed of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) and fibrin-based matrix. Second, we analyzed in vitro the cell interactions between the biopath, macrophages and cardiomyoblasts.
Methods
Two weeks post-infarct, performed on female rats, a Cell and Matrix BioPatch (CMBP) composed of fibrin and BMDCs was administered. Heart function and infarct were evaluated by high-resolution echocardiography and histology. Macrophages present 4 weeks post-MI were quantified by immunostaining for CD86 and CD206. In vitro, macrophages (undifferentiated (M0), triggered by IL4 (M2) or LPS/IFN-d (M1)), or cardiomyoblasts (H9C2) were cultured with conditioned media from CMBP. Their proliferation and plasticity were assessed by EDU incorporation and real-time cell analyzer and RT-PCR.
Results
Our data showed a significant improvement in ejection fraction after treatment and a reduced infarct expansion index (IEI MI/untreated= 0.08±0.05 vs. IEI MI/CMBP_treated =0.22±0.09, p=0.002). The ratio of CD86+/CD206+ cells was also significantly reduced in treated compared to untreated groups (ratioMI/untreated=0.96±0.82 vs ratioMI/fibrin_treated=0.51±0.12 and ratioMI/CMBP_treated=0.17±0.13, p<0.05) suggesting an alteration of the macrophage polarization. In vitro assays with CMBP-conditioned medium revealed a significant increase in the proliferation of M0 and M2. Also, M0 were polarized towards an M2 profile. A switch of M1 toward M2 was revealed by Gene expression profiles with a reduction of pro-inflammatory markers (CD86, MCP-1, IL-1beta, CD80, RANTES and iNOS) and an increase in the anti-inflammatory ones (Arginase 1, CD163, CD106). The secretion profile of the macrophages was also modified with a lower secretion of IL-6 and TNF-alpha and increased IL-10. Interestingly, when cardiomyoblasts are cultured with the medium conditioned of the macrophages triggered by CMBP, their proliferation was significantly increased by 16%±1 with M0 or M2 and 18%±1 with M1.
Conclusion
Our data point to a new paracrine communication from a biopatch that triggered macrophages and indirectly cardiac cells. Cell cross-talks promoted an anti-inflammatory response that promoted cardiac cells proliferation.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): University of Fribourg
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Affiliation(s)
- I Borrego
- University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - A Frobert
- University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - S Cook
- University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M.N Giraud
- University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Attinger A, Ferrari E, Muller O, Nietlispach F, Toggweiler S, Maisano F, Roffi M, Jeger R, Huber C, Carrel T, Windecker S, Togni M, Cook S, Goy J, Stortecky S. Age-related clinical and hemodynamic outcome following transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a swiss TAVI registry analysis. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TA) is the preferred treatment modality for patients with severe aortic valve disease at high surgical risk and is expanding into lower risk populations. Therefore age range of treated patients is increasing.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to analyze age-related clinical and hemodynamic outcome of patients following TAVI in a nationwide, prospective, multicentre cohort (Swiss TAVI registry).
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data from all patients included in the Swiss TAVI registry between February 2011 and December 2018. In an adjusted analysis, in-hospital, 30-days and 1-year outcome between four age groups were compared.
Results
Overall, 7097 patients underwent TAVI (<70 years: n=324, 70–79 years: n=1913, 80–89 years: n=4353, 90–100 years n=507). Median STS risk score for mortality was 5.23±4.13% and differed significantly between age groups (3.46±4.10%, 3.97±3.73%, 5.57±3.97%, 8.22±4.74%; p=0.001). Valve predilatation was more often performed in older patients (54.3% vs. 54.3% vs. 60.7% vs. 69.6%; p≤0.001). Difference in hospital stay was statistically sigificant between age groups, numerically however not relevant (10.01±7.56 days vs. 9.25±6.38 days vs. 9.55±5.70 days vs 10.03±5.77 days; p=0.02). Post-procedural acute kidney injury stage 3 was highest in the youngest age group (3.4% vs. 1.6% vs. 1.1% vs. 1.0%; RR [95% CI] 0.65 (0.48–0.87); p=0,004) and rate of new pacemakers for conduction abnormalities increased significantly with age (10.2% vs. 13.7% vs. 17.1% vs. 18.7%; RR [95% CI] 1.22 (1.12–1.32); p<0.001). There was no significant difference in life threatening/major bleeding (p=0.288/0.197) or major vascular complications (p=0.083).
All-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in hospital, at 30 days and at 1 year were highest in nonagenarians and higher in the patients <70 years compared to patients of 70–79 years: in hospital all-cause mortality 2.2% vs. 1.6% vs. 2.9% vs. 5.5% (RR [95% CI] 1.64 (1.28–2.10), p<0.001); 30 day all-cause mortality 3.1% vs. 2.0% vs. 3.7% vs. 6.7%; (HR [95% CI] 1.59 (1.30–1.96); p<0.0001); 1-year all-cause mortality 10.9% vs. 10.4% vs. 12% vs. 19.5% (HR [95% CI] 1.27 (1.14–1.41); p<0.001); in hospital cardiovascular mortality 1.5% vs. 1.5% vs. 2.6% vs. 5.1% (RR [95% CI] 1.70 (1.31–2.20), p<0.001); 30 day cardiovascular mortality 2.2% vs. 1.9% vs. 3.3% vs. 6.3%; (HR [95% CI] 1.68 (1.35–2.09); p<0.001); 1-year cardiovascular mortality 7.2% vs. 6.9% vs. 8.3% vs. 15.3% (HR [95% CI] 1.36 (1.19–1.55); p<0.001). This held true, when hazard ratio was corrected for STS PROM score, femoral access vs other access and year of procedure.
Conclusion
In-hospital, 30-day and 1-year clinical outcome of nonagenarians undergoing TAVI are less favorable compared to lower age groups. Interestingly, clinical outcome of the patients group 70–79 years was the most favorable.
Mortality at 30 according to age
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- A Attinger
- University of Fribourg, Department of Cardiology, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - E Ferrari
- Cardiocentro Ticino, Cardiac Surgery, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - O Muller
- Lausanne University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Nietlispach
- Hirslanden-Klinik im Park, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Toggweiler
- Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - F Maisano
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Roffi
- Geneva University Hospitals, Department of Cardiology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Jeger
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Cardiology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Huber
- Geneva University Hospitals, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Carrel
- Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Windecker
- Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Department of Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Togni
- University of Fribourg, Department of Cardiology, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - S Cook
- University of Fribourg, Department of Cardiology, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J.J Goy
- University of Fribourg, Department of Cardiology, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - S Stortecky
- Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Department of Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
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Beeston D, Charnock J, Cook S. Current fluid and blood product availability in veterinary setting: a survey of UK small animal practices. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:738-743. [PMID: 33064320 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate and discuss current fluid and blood products stocked in small animal practices in the UK. METHODS An online survey was circulated to small animal veterinary practices across the UK. The survey included questions regarding the level of hospital care provided, the type of fluid and blood component products stocked, the most frequently restocked products, and the available options in the event that blood products were required but not stocked. RESULTS There were 423 responses including 27 duplicates. The remaining 396 respondents represented a spectrum of practices including 19 referral practices. Crystalloids were stocked in all practices. Lactated Ringer's solution was the most frequently re-stocked product in 355 of 396 (90%) of practices. Where synthetic colloids were stocked, gelatin-based colloids (155/178 [87%]) were stocked in preference to hydroxyethyl starches (23/178 [13%]). Blood products were stocked by 81 of 396 (20%) of practices. If a blood product was required but not stocked, 31% of practices would use a pet blood banking service, 28% would use their own blood donors, and 21% would refer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides an insight into the fluid and blood products stocked and used by a selection of veterinary practices within the UK and serves as a baseline for ongoing research and decision-making in both veterinary practice and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Beeston
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - J Charnock
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - S Cook
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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Cook S, Folch N, Hasadsri L, Oglesbee D. SMA - CLINICAL. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Cook S, Folch N, Hasadsri L, Oglesbee D, Staff N, Anderson D, Haile D, Selcen D. SMA: REGISTRIES, BIOMARKERS & OUTCOME MEASURES. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Cook S, Wilson V, Ness J, Burn J, Husain A, Rajan N. Detection of genetic tumour predisposition syndromes using electronic health records. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:949-950. [PMID: 32407560 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Cook
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - V Wilson
- Molecular Diagnostics, Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Ness
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Burn
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Husain
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - N Rajan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Le TT, Bryant J, Ang B, Su B, Cook S, Chin CALVIN. P962 The Remodeling Index risk stratifies patients with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
National Medical Research Council
BACKGROUND
Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with increased cardiovascular events. The authors previously developed the Remodeling Index (RI) that incorporated LV volume and wall-thickness in a single measure of advanced hypertrophy in hypertensive patients.
PURPOSE
This study examined the mechanisms and prognostic potential of the RI in reference with current LVH classifications.
METHODS
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed in 400 asymptomatic hypertensive patients. The newly derived RI ([(EDV)^1/3]/t; where EDV is LV end-diastolic volume and t is the maximal wall thickness across 16 myocardial segments) stratified hypertensive patients into 3 groups: without LVH, LVH with normal RI (LVH_Normal-RI) and LVH with low RI (LVH_Low-RI). The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, acute coronary syndromes, strokes and decompensated heart failure.
RESULTS
LVH_Low-RI was associated with increased LV mass index, fibrosis burden, impaired myocardial function and elevated biochemical markers of myocardial injury and wall stress. Over 18.3 ± 7.0 months (601.3 patient-years), patients with LVH_Low-RI had more than a 5-fold increase in adverse events compared to those with LVH_Normal-RI (11.6 events/100patient-years versus 2.0 events/100 patient-years, respectively; log-rank P < 0.001; Figure A). The RI provided incremental prognostic value over and above a model consisting of clinical variables and LVH (P = 0.02). Conversely concentric and eccentric LVH were associated with adverse prognosis (4.5 events/100patient-years versus 6.0 events/100patient-years, respectively; log-rank P = 0.62) that was similar as the natural history of hypertensive LVH (5.1 events/100patient-years).
CONCLUSIONS
The RI provides mechanistic insights and prognostic value that improves risk-stratification of hypertensive LVH.
Abstract P962 Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Le
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Bryant
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - B Ang
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - B Su
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Cook
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - CALVIN Chin
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
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Jaehn P, Cook S, Holmberg C. A critical discussion of theoretical foundations and measurement methods of gender roles. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Public health researchers have frequently investigated associations of individual gender role norms or attitudes with a variety of health outcomes. It has been suggested that the construct of gender roles is multidimensional, including norms about gender inequality and gender-related division of labour. Implications of multidimensionality and limitations of applied measurement methods, however, have rarely been discussed critically in published studies.
Methods
I will summarise theoretical considerations about the multidimensionality of the construct of gender roles. Examples of recently applied approaches to operationalise gender role attitudes in mental health research will be presented. The talk will conclude with a discussion of advantages and limitations of these approaches regarding consistency with theory, applicability, and reduction of measurement error.
Results
Gender role norms include assumptions about inequality and division of labour in the public and private sphere. Items about gender role attitudes are regularly included in questionnaires of large social surveys and are suitable to explore associations with disease occurrence or quality of healthcare. Data reduction methods such as factor analysis might be applied to differentiate dimensions and to reduce measurement error.
Conclusions
Shortcomings in considering theoretical foundations and inconsistencies in operationalisation might have contributed to the limited recognition of findings about possible impacts of gender roles on health. We need to advance measurement methods to increase the quality of public health research on gender. Finally, aspects of gender on the contextual level should complement investigations of individual gender roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jaehn
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - S Cook
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, LSHTM, London, UK
| | - C Holmberg
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
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Iglesias JF, Heg D, Roffi M, Tueller D, Lanz J, Rigamonti F, Muller O, Moarof I, Cook S, Weilenmann D, Kaiser C, Valgimigli M, Jueni P, Windecker S, Pilgrim T. P1968Five-year outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus treated with biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) remain at higher risk for adverse events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with non-diabetic individuals. Among available drug-eluting stents (DES), thin-strut durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents (DP-EES) were shown to provide the best safety and efficacy profile in diabetics. Whether biodegradable polymer DES provide additional long-term clinical benefit compared with DP-EES among diabetic patients remains uncertain.
Purpose
To compare the long-term performance of ultrathin-strut biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents (BP-SES) versus DP-EES for PCI in patients with insulin-requiring and non-insulin-requiring DM.
Methods
We performed a prespecified subgroup analysis of the randomized, multicenter, non-inferiority BIOSCIENCE trial (NCT01443104). Patients with stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndrome were randomly assigned to treatment with ultrathin-strut BP-SES or thin-strut DP-EES. Patients were further divided according to diabetic status. The primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction (MI) and clinically-indicated target lesion revascularization (TLR), within 12 months.
Results
Among 2'119 patients enrolled between March 2012 and May 2013, 486 (22.9%) presented with DM (insulin-requiring, 33.1%). Compared with non-diabetics, patients with DM were older and had a greater baseline cardiac risk profile, including higher prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, peripheral artery disease, chronic renal failure and prior PCI, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, or stroke. At 5 years, TLF occurred similarly in 74 patients (cumulative incidence, 31.0%) treated with BP-SES and 57 patients (25.8%) treated with DP-EES (RR 1.23; 95% CI 0.87–1.73; p=0.24) in diabetics, and in 124 patients (16.8%) treated with BP-SES and 132 patients (16.8%) treated with DP-EES (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.77–1.26; p=0.90) in non-diabetics (p for interaction=0.31). Cumulative incidences of cardiac death (14.9% vs. 9.5%; p=0.10), target-vessel MI (11.4% vs. 11.0%; p=0.81), clinically-indicated TLR (16.9% vs. 15.8%; p=0.68), and definite thrombosis (3.0% vs. 2.5%; p=0.63) at 5 years were similar among diabetic patients treated with ultrathin-strut BP-SES or thin-strut DP-EES. Overall, there was no interaction between diabetic status and treatment effect of BP-SES versus DP-EES.
Conclusion
In a prespecified subgroup analysis of the BIOSCIENCE trial, we found no difference in clinical outcomes throughout five years between diabetic patients treated with ultrathin-strut BP-SES or thin-strut DP-EES.
Acknowledgement/Funding
BIOSCIENCE was an investigator-initiated trial supported by a dedicated research grant from Biotronik, Bülach, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Iglesias
- Geneva University Hospitals, Cardiology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Heg
- Bern University Hospital, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Roffi
- Geneva University Hospitals, Cardiology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Tueller
- Triemli Hospital, Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Lanz
- Bern University Hospital, Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Rigamonti
- Geneva University Hospitals, Cardiology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Muller
- University Hospital Centre Vaudois (CHUV), Cardiology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Moarof
- Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Cardiology, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - S Cook
- University of Fribourg, Cardiology, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - D Weilenmann
- Kantonhospital, Cardiology, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - C Kaiser
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Valgimigli
- Bern University Hospital, Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Jueni
- St. Michael's Hospital, Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Department of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Windecker
- Bern University Hospital, Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Pilgrim
- Bern University Hospital, Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
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Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Rammohan K, Cook S, Keller B, Roy S. Reduction of risk of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis within two years of treatment with cladribine tablets: An analysis of the clarity study. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Cook S, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Keller B, di Cantogno EV. Efficacy of cladribine tablets 3.5 mg/kg in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis aged above and below 45 years; clarity and clarity extension. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hunziker L, Radovanovic D, Jeger R, Pedrazzini G, Cuculi F, Urban P, Erne P, Rickli H, Pilgrim T, Hess F, Simon R, Hangartner P, Hufschmid U, Hornig B, Altwegg L, Trummler S, Windecker S, Rueff T, Loretan P, Roethlisberger C, Evéquoz D, Mang G, Ryser D, Müller P, Jecker R, Kistler W, Hongler T, Stäuble S, Freiwald G, Schmid H, Stauffer J, Cook S, Bietenhard K, Roffi M, Wojtyna W, Schönenberger R, Simonin C, Waldburger R, Schmidli M, Federspiel B, Weiss E, Marty H, Weber K, Zender H, Poepping I, Hugi A, Koltai E, Iglesias J, Erne P, Heimes T, Jordan B, Pagnamenta A, Feraud P, Beretta E, Stettler C, Repond F, Widmer F, Heimgartner C, Polikar R, Bassetti S, Iselin H, Giger M, Egger P, Kaeslin T, Fischer A, Herren T, Eichhorn P, Neumeier C, Flury G, Girod G, Vogel R, Niggli B, Yoon S, Nossen J, Stoller U, Veragut U, Bächli E, Weber A, Schmidt D, Hellermann J, Eriksson U, Fischer T, Peter M, Gasser S, Fatio R, Vogt M, Ramsay D, Wyss C, Bertel O, Maggiorini M, Eberli F, Christen S. Twenty-Year Trends in the Incidence and Outcome of Cardiogenic Shock in AMIS Plus Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 12:e007293. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.118.007293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hunziker
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland (L.H., T.P.)
| | - Dragana Radovanovic
- AMIS Plus Data Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland (D.R.)
| | - Raban Jeger
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (R.J.)
| | | | - Florim Cuculi
- Heart Centre Lucerne, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Switzerland (F.C.)
| | - Philip Urban
- Cardiology Department, La Tour Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (P.U.)
| | - Paul Erne
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland (P.E.)
| | - Hans Rickli
- Department of Cardiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland (H.R.)
| | - Thomas Pilgrim
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland (L.H., T.P.)
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Zafonte SJ, Rafkin L, Sosenko JM, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Krischer JP, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Dixit S, Pasha M, King K, Adcock H, Atterberry L, Fox K, Englert N, Mauras J, Permuy K, Sikes T, Adams T, Berhe B, Guendling L, McLennan L, Paganessi C, Murphy M, Draznin M, Kamboj S, Sheppard V, Lewis L, Coates W, Amado D, Moore G, Babar J, Bedard D, Brenson-Hughes J, Cernich M, Clements R, Duprau S, Goodman L, Hester L, Huerta-Saenz A, Asif I, Karmazin T, Letjen S, Raman D, Morin W, Bestermann E, Morawski J, White A, Brockmyer R, Bays S, Campbell A, Boonstra M, Stapleton N, Stone A, Donoho H, Everett H, Hensley M, Johnson C, Marshall N, Skirvin P, Taylor R, Williams L, Burroughs C, Ray C, Wolverton D, Nickels C, Dothard P, Speiser M, Pellizzari L, Bokor K, Izuora S, Abdelnour P, Cummings S, Cuthbertson D, Paynor M, Leahy M, Riedl S, Shockley R, Saad T, Briones S, Casella C, Herz K, Walsh J, Greening F, Deemer M, Hay S, Hunt N, Sikotra L, Simons D, Karounos R, Oremus L, Dye L, Myers D, 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H, Starkman M, Fox D, Chin F, Melchionne L, Silverman I, Marshall L, Cerracchio J, Cruz A, Viswanathan J, Heyman K, Wilson S, Chalew S, Valley S, Layburn A, Lala P, Clesi M, Genet G, Uwaifo A, Charron T, Allerton W, Hsiao B, Cefalu L, Melendez-Ramirez R, Richards C, Alleyn E, Gustafson M, Lizanna J, Wahlen S, Aleiwe M, Hansen H, Wahlen C, Karges C, Levy A, Bonaccorso R, Rapaport Y, Tomer D, Chia M, Goldis L, Iazzetti M, Klein C, Levister L, Waldman E, Keaton N, Wallach M, Regelmann Z, Antal M, Aranda C, Reynholds A, Vinik P, Barlow M, Bourcier M, Nevoret J, Couper S, Kinderman A, Beresford N, Thalagne H, Roper J, Gibbons J, Hill S, Balleaut C, Brennan J, Ellis-Gage L, Fear T, Gray L, Law P, Jones C, McNerney L, Pointer N, Price K, Few D, Tomlinson N, Leech D, Wake C, Owens M, Burns J, Leinbach A, Wotherspoon A, Murray K, Short G, Curry S, Kelsey J, Lawson J, Porter S, Stevens E, Thomson S, Winship L, Liu S, Wynn E, Wiltshire J, Krebs P, Cresswell H, Faherty C, Ross L, Denvir J, Drew T, Randell P, Mansell S, Lloyd J, Bell S, Butler Y, Hooton H, Navarra A, Roper G, Babington L, Crate H, Cripps A, Ledlie C, Moulds R, Malloy J, Norton B, Petrova O, Silkstone C, Smith K, Ghai M, Murray V, Viswanathan M, Henegan O, Kawadry J, Olson L, Maddox K, Patterson T, Ahmad B, Flores D, Domek S, Domek K, Copeland M, George J, Less T, Davis M, Short A, Martin J, Dwarakanathan P, O’Donnell B, Boerner L, Larson M, Phillips M, Rendell K, Larson C, Smith K, Zebrowski L, Kuechenmeister M, Miller J, Thevarayapillai M, Daniels H, Speer N, Forghani R, Quintana C, Reh A, Bhangoo P, Desrosiers L, Ireland T, Misla C, Milliot E, Torres S, Wells J, Villar M, Yu D, Berry D, Cook J, Soder A, Powell M, Ng M, Morrison Z, Moore M, Haslam M, Lawson B, Bradley J, Courtney C, Richardson C, Watson E, Keely D, DeCurtis M, Vaccarcello-Cruz Z, Torres K, Muller S, Sandberg H, Hsiang B, Joy D, McCormick A, Powell H, Jones J, Bell S, Hargadon S, Hudson M, Kummer S, Nguyen T, Sauder E, Sutton K, Gensel R, 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Johnson L, Newhook D, Hagerty N, White L, Levandoski J, Kyllo M, Johnson C, Gough J, Benoit P, Iyer F, Diamond H, Hosono S, Jackman L, Barette P, Jones I, Sills S, Bzdick J, Bulger R, Ginem J, Weinstock I, Douek R, Andrews G, Modgill G, Gyorffy L, Robin N, Vaidya S, Crouch K, O’Brien C, Thompson N, Granger M, Thorne J, Blumer J, Kalic L, Klepek J, Paulett B, Rosolowski J, Horner M, Watkins J, Casey K, Carpenter C, Michelle Kieffer MH, Burns J, Horton C, Pritchard D, Soetaert A, Wynne C, Chin O, Molina C, Patel R, Senguttuvan M, Wheeler O, Lane P, Furet C, Steuhm D, Jelley S, Goudeau L, Chalmers D, Greer C, Panagiotopoulos D, Metzger D, Nguyen M, Horowitz M, Linton C, Christiansen E, Glades C, Morimoto M, Macarewich R, Norman K, Patin C, Vargas A, Barbanica A, Yu P, Vaidyanathan W, Nallamshetty L, Osborne R, Mehra S, Kaster S, Neace J, Horner G, Reeves C, Cordrey L, Marrs T, Miller S, Dowshen D, Oduah V, Doyle S, Walker D, Catte H, Dean M, Drury-Brown B, Hackman M, Lee S, Malkani K, Cullen K, Johnson P, Parrimon Y, Hampton M, McCarrell C, Curtis E, Paul, Zambrano Y, Paulus K, Pilger J, Ramiro J, Luvon Ritzie AQ, Sharma A, Shor A, Song X, Terry A, Weinberger J, Wootten M, Lachin JM, Foulkes M, Harding P, Krause-Steinrauf H, McDonough S, McGee PF, Owens Hess K, Phoebus D, Quinlan S, Raiden E, Batts E, Buddy C, Kirpatrick K, Ramey M, Shultz A, Webb C, Romesco M, Fradkin J, Leschek E, Spain L, Savage P, Aas S, Blumberg E, Beck G, Brillon D, Gubitosi-Klug R, Laffel L, Vigersky R, Wallace D, Braun J, Lernmark A, Lo B, Mitchell H, Naji A, Nerup J, Orchard T, Steffes M, Tsiatis A, Veatch R, Zinman B, Loechelt B, Baden L, Green M, Weinberg A, Marcovina S, Palmer JP, Weinberg A, Yu L, Babu S, Winter W, Eisenbarth GS, Bingley P, Clynes R, DiMeglio L, Eisenbarth G, Hays B, Leschek E, Marks J, Matheson D, Rafkin L, Rodriguez H, Spain L, Wilson D, Redondo M, Gomez D, McDonald A, Pena S, Pietropaolo M, Shippy K, Batts E, Brown T, Buckner J, Dove A, Hammond M, Hefty D, Klein J, 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G, Browning T, Coughenour M, Sulk E, Tsalikan M, Tansey J, Cabbage N. Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:192-199. [PMID: 30061316 PMCID: PMC6341285 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (N = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A], and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. RESULTS At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all P < 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all P ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody-positive, 13% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody-positive, 12% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. CONCLUSIONS Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody-positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody-positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Triolo
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Alexandra Fouts
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Peter A. Gottlieb
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Leon DA, Malyutina S, Kudryavtsev AV, Voevoda M, Bobrova N, Shiekh S, Kholmatova K, McKee M, Kontsevaya A, Diez Benavente E, Bates K, Cook S. Dissecting hypertension in Russia: identifying aetiological and behavioural factors associated with treatment and control. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- DA Leon
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - S Malyutina
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - M Voevoda
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of IC&G, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N Bobrova
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - S Shiekh
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - K Kholmatova
- Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - M McKee
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - A Kontsevaya
- National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - K Bates
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - S Cook
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Giovanonni G, Rammohan K, Cook S, Soelberg-sorensen P, Vermersch P, Keller B, Di Cantogno E. Cladribine Tablets 35 mg/kg Is Efficacious in Patients Aged Above and Below 45 Years with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis in the Clarity Study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Galazka A, Nolting A, Cook S, Leist T, Comi G, Montalban X, Hicking C, Dangond F. Pregnancy Outcomes During the Clinical Development of Cladribine in Multiple Sclerosis: An Integrated Analysis of Safety. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cook S, Malyutina S, Hopstock LA, Kudryavtsev AV, Wilsgaard T, Voevoda M, Schirmer H, Bobrova N, Kholmatova K, Diez Benavente E, Leon DA. Understanding East-West differences in cardiovascular disease in Europe: Early findings of the Heart to Heart comparative population-based studies in Russia and Norway, 2015-2018. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Cook
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - S Malyutina
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - LA Hopstock
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - T Wilsgaard
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - M Voevoda
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of IC&G, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - H Schirmer
- Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - N Bobrova
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - K Kholmatova
- Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | | | - DA Leon
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Bobrova N, Cook S, Malyutina S, Kudryavstev AV, Denisova D, Leon D. Gender differences in selected life-style and behaviours in Russia, 2015-2017. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky214.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Malyutina
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - D Denisova
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of IC&G, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Cook S, Giovannoni G, Vermersch P, Soelberg-sorensen P, Keller B, Jack D. Lymphopenia Rates in Clarity/clarity Extension Are Unrelated to Disease Activity at Baseline. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Batsis J, Al-Nimr R, Pidgeon D, Cook S, Jensen M, Clark M, Mackenzie T, Bartels S. A PILOT STUDY OF A MULTICOMPONENT OBESITY INTERVENTION IN OLDER, RURAL ADULTS WITH OBESITY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S Cook
- University of New Hampshire
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Shkolnikov VM, Churilova E, Avdeeva M, Malyutina S, Kudryavtsev AV, Jdanov D, Cook S, Leon DA. Smoking in Russia: Recent trends and socio-demographic features. Synthesis of evidence from multiple studies. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- VM Shkolnikov
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - M Avdeeva
- Higher School for Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Malyutina
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of IC&G, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - D Jdanov
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Cook
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - DA Leon
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Cook S, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Syed S, Nolting A, Schick R. Updated Safety Analysis of Cladribine Tablets in the Treatment of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Redondo MJ, Geyer S, Steck AK, Sharp S, Wentworth JM, Weedon MN, Antinozzi P, Sosenko J, Atkinson M, Pugliese A, Oram RA, Antinozzi P, Atkinson M, Battaglia M, Becker D, Bingley P, Bosi E, Buckner J, Colman P, Gottlieb P, Herold K, Insel R, Kay T, Knip M, Marks J, Moran A, Palmer J, Peakman M, Philipson L, Pugliese A, Raskin P, Rodriguez H, Roep B, Russell W, Schatz D, Wherrett D, Wilson D, Winter W, Ziegler A, Benoist C, Blum J, Chase P, Clare-Salzler M, Clynes R, Eisenbarth G, Fathman C, Grave G, Hering B, Kaufman F, Leschek E, Mahon J, Nanto-Salonen K, Nepom G, Orban T, Parkman R, Pescovitz M, Peyman J, Roncarolo M, Simell O, Sherwin R, Siegelman M, Steck A, Thomas J, Trucco M, Wagner J, Greenbaum ,CJ, Bourcier K, Insel R, Krischer JP, Leschek E, Rafkin L, Spain L, Cowie C, Foulkes M, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lachin JM, Malozowski S, Peyman J, Ridge J, Savage P, Skyler JS, Zafonte SJ, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Sosenko JM, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Adams T, Amado D, Asif I, Boonstra M, Bundy B, Burroughs C, Cuthbertson D, Deemer M, Eberhard C, Fiske S, Ford J, Garmeson J, Guillette H, Browning G, Coughenour T, Sulk M, Tsalikan E, Tansey M, Cabbage J, Dixit N, Pasha S, King M, Adcock K, Geyer S, Atterberry H, Fox L, Englert K, Mauras N, Permuy J, Sikes K, Berhe T, Guendling B, McLennan L, Paganessi L, Hays B, Murphy C, Draznin M, Kamboj M, Sheppard S, Lewis V, Coates L, Moore W, Babar G, Bedard J, Brenson-Hughes D, Henderson C, Cernich J, Clements M, Duprau R, Goodman S, Hester L, Huerta-Saenz L, Karmazin A, Letjen T, Raman S, Morin D, Henry M, Bestermann W, Morawski E, White J, Brockmyer A, Bays R, Campbell S, Stapleton A, Stone N, Donoho A, Everett H, Heyman K, Hensley H, Johnson M, Marshall C, Skirvin N, Taylor P, Williams R, Ray L, Wolverton C, Nickels D, Dothard C, Hsiao B, Speiser P, Pellizzari M, Bokor L, Izuora K, Abdelnour S, Cummings P, Paynor S, Leahy M, Riedl M, Shockley S, Karges C, Saad R, Briones T, Casella S, Herz C, Walsh K, Greening J, Hay F, Hunt S, 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Trunnel S, Transue D, Surhigh J, Bezzaire D, Moltz K, Zacharski E, Henske J, Desai S, Frizelis K, Khan F, Sjoberg R, Allen K, Manning P, Hendry G, Taylor B, Jones S, Couch R, Danchak R, Lieberman D, Strader W, Bencomo M, Bailey T, Bedolla L, Roldan C, Moudiotis C, Vaidya B, Anning C, Bunce S, Estcourt S, Folland E, Gordon E, Harrill C, Ireland J, Piper J, Scaife L, Sutton K, Wilkins S, Costelloe M, Palmer J, Casas L, Miller C, Burgard M, Erickson C, Hallanger-Johnson J, Clark P, Taylor W, Galgani J, Banerjee S, Banda C, McEowen D, Kinman R, Lafferty A, Gillett S, Nolan C, Pathak M, Sondrol L, Hjelle T, Hafner S, Kotrba J, Hendrickson R, Cemeroglu A, Symington T, Daniel M, Appiagyei-Dankah Y, Postellon D, Racine M, Kleis L, Barnes K, Godwin S, McCullough H, Shaheen K, Buck G, Noel L, Warren M, Weber S, Parker S, Gillespie I, Nelson B, Frost C, Amrhein J, Moreland E, Hayes A, Peggram J, Aisenberg J, Riordan M, Zasa J, Cummings E, Scott K, Pinto T, Mokashi A, McAssey K, Helden E, Hammond P, Dinning L, Rahman S, Ray S, Dimicri C, Guppy S, Nielsen H, Vogel C, Ariza C, Morales L, Chang Y, Gabbay R, Ambrocio L, Manley L, Nemery R, Charlton W, Smith P, Kerr L, Steindel-Kopp B, Alamaguer M, Tabisola-Nuesca E, Pendersen A, Larson N, Cooper-Olviver H, Chan D, Fitz-Patrick D, Carreira T, Park Y, Ruhaak R, Liljenquist D. A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Predicts Progression of Islet Autoimmunity and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals at Risk. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1887-1894. [PMID: 30002199 PMCID: PMC6105323 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the ability of a type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk score (GRS) to predict progression of islet autoimmunity and T1D in at-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the 1,244 TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants (T1D patients' relatives without diabetes and with one or more positive autoantibodies) who were genotyped with Illumina ImmunoChip (median [range] age at initial autoantibody determination 11.1 years [1.2-51.8], 48% male, 80.5% non-Hispanic white, median follow-up 5.4 years). Of 291 participants with a single positive autoantibody at screening, 157 converted to multiple autoantibody positivity and 55 developed diabetes. Of 953 participants with multiple positive autoantibodies at screening, 419 developed diabetes. We calculated the T1D GRS from 30 T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used multivariable Cox regression models, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and area under the curve (AUC) measures to evaluate prognostic utility of T1D GRS, age, sex, Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1) Risk Score, positive autoantibody number or type, HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8 status, and race/ethnicity. We used recursive partitioning analyses to identify cut points in continuous variables. RESULTS Higher T1D GRS significantly increased the rate of progression to T1D adjusting for DPT-1 Risk Score, age, number of positive autoantibodies, sex, and ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29 for a 0.05 increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.6; P = 0.011). Progression to T1D was best predicted by a combined model with GRS, number of positive autoantibodies, DPT-1 Risk Score, and age (7-year time-integrated AUC = 0.79, 5-year AUC = 0.73). Higher GRS was significantly associated with increased progression rate from single to multiple positive autoantibodies after adjusting for age, autoantibody type, ethnicity, and sex (HR 2.27 for GRS >0.295, 95% CI 1.47-3.51; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The T1D GRS independently predicts progression to T1D and improves prediction along T1D stages in autoantibody-positive relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Redondo
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Seth Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - John M. Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard A. Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
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Varenne O, Cook S, Sideris G, Kedev S, Cuisset T, Carrie D, Hovasse T, Garot PH, Morice MC, Sinnaeve PR. P6197One-month DAPT after PCI in elderly patients with coronary artery disease: a subanalysis of the SENIOR trial. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O Varenne
- Hôpital Cochin. Faculté Paris Descartes., Cardiologie., PARIS, France
| | - S Cook
- University of Fribourg, Cardiology, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - G Sideris
- Hospital Lariboisiere, Cardiologie, Paris, France
| | - S Kedev
- University Clinic of Cardiology, Cardiology, Skopje, Macedonia The Former Yugoslav Republic of
| | - T Cuisset
- Hospital La Timone of Marseille, Cardiologie, Marseille, France
| | - D Carrie
- Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital (CHU), Cardiologie, Toulouse, France
| | - T Hovasse
- Cardiovascular Institute Paris-Sud (ICPS), Cardiologie, Massy, France
| | - P H Garot
- Cardiovascular Institute Paris-Sud (ICPS), Cardiologie, Massy, France
| | - M C Morice
- Cardiovascular Institute Paris-Sud (ICPS), CERC, Massy, France
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Malyutina SK, Denisova D, Bobak M, Bobrova N, Cook S, Nikitin YU, Voevoda M. P127630-year trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness and control in a definite Russian population by six large-scale surveys of 24,000 subjects. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S K Malyutina
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of IC&G SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - D Denisova
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of IC&G SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - M Bobak
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Bobrova
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Cook
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y U Nikitin
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of IC&G SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - M Voevoda
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of IC&G SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Meister T, Soria R, Dogar A, Ajalbert G, Frobert A, Giraud MN, Cook S, Rimoldi SF, Scherrer U, Rexhaj E. P2829Left ventricular hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction in mice conceived by assisted reproductive technologies. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Meister
- Bern University Hospital, Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Soria
- Bern University Hospital, Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Dogar
- Bern University Hospital, Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Ajalbert
- University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - A Frobert
- University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M N Giraud
- University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - S Cook
- University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - S F Rimoldi
- Bern University Hospital, Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - U Scherrer
- Bern University Hospital, Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Rexhaj
- Bern University Hospital, Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
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Labombarda F, Hamilton R, Shohoudi A, Aboulhosn J, Broberg C, Cohen S, Cook S, Dore A, Fernandes S, Fournier A, Kay J, Macle L, Mondésert B, Mongeon F, Opotowsky A, Proietti A, Rivard L, Ting J, Zaidi A, Khairy P. Increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation and permanent atrial tachyarrhythmias in the aging population with congenital heart disease: A multicenter study. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2017.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- D. N. Gabriel
- Departments of Anthropology and Biology; University of Victoria; Victoria BC Canada
| | - L. Gould
- Department of Anthropology; University of Victoria; Victoria BC Canada
| | - S. Cook
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences; Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
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Schaefer J, Caspi A, Cook S, Moffitt T. A-81Are Cognitive Inefficiencies a Predictor or Consequence of Major Depressive Disorder? Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx076.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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