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Arunachala Murthy T, Chapple LA, Lange K, Marathe C, Horowitz M, Peake S, Chapman M. Gastrointestinal Dysfunction During Enteral Nutrition Delivery In ICU Patients: Risk Factors, Natural History And Clinical Implications. A Post-Hoc Analysis Of The Target Trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Hajishafiee M, McVeay C, Lange K, Rehfeld JF, Horowitz M, Feinle-Bisset C. Effects of intraduodenal infusion of lauric acid and L-tryptophan, alone and combined, on glucoregulatory hormones, gastric emptying and glycaemia in healthy men. Metabolism 2022; 129:155140. [PMID: 35065080 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In healthy men, intraduodenal administration of the fatty acid, lauric acid ('C12') and the amino acid, L-tryptophan ('TRP'), at loads that individually do not affect energy intake, reduce energy intake substantially when combined. C12 and TRP may also stimulate cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which both slow gastric emptying, a key determinant of postprandial blood glucose. Accordingly, combination of C12 and TRP has the potential to reduce post-meal glycaemia more than either nutrient alone. METHODS Twelve healthy, lean men (age (mean ± SD): 28 ± 7 years) received, on 4 separate occasions, 45-min intraduodenal infusions of C12 (0.3 kcal/min), TRP (0.1 kcal/min), C12 + TRP (0.4 kcal/min), or 0.9% saline (control), in a randomised, double-blind fashion. 30 min after commencement of the infusion a mixed-nutrient drink was consumed and gastric emptying measured (13C breath-test) for 3 h. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, in response to treatments alone, and for 2 h post-drink for measurements of plasma glucose, cholecystokinin, GLP-1, C-peptide, insulin and glucagon. 'Early' (first 30 min) and 'overall' glycaemic and hormone responses were evaluated. RESULTS C12 + TRP and C12 delayed the rise in, but did not affect the overall glycaemic response to the drink, compared with control and TRP (all P < 0.05). C12 + TRP slowed gastric emptying compared with control and TRP (both P < 0.005), and C12 non-significantly slowed gastric emptying compared with control (P = 0.090). C12 + TRP and C12 delayed the rise in C-peptide and insulin, and also stimulated CCK and glucagon, compared with control and TRP (all P < 0.05). Only C12 + TRP stimulated early and overall GLP-1 compared with control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In healthy men, C12 + TRP and C12, in the loads administered, had comparable effects to delay the rise in glucose following a nutrient drink, probably primarily by slowing of gastric emptying, as a result of CCK and GLP-1 stimulation, while TRP had no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hajishafiee
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - C McVeay
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - K Lange
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - J F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Horowitz
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - C Feinle-Bisset
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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Jalleh RJ, Marathe CS, Jones KL, Horowitz M, Rayner CK. Digesting the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107992. [PMID: 34389236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Horowitz M, Chambers LM, Gruner M, Costales A, Morton M, Chichura A, Rose P, Michener C, DeBernardo R. Comparison of outcomes with utilization of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with paclitaxel and cisplatin versus cisplatin alone at interval debulking surgery in women with epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chambers LM, Horowitz M, Costales A, Gruner M, Chichura A, Morton M, Yao M, Rose P, DeBernardo R, Michener C. Comparison of outcomes with utilization of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) at time of minimally invasive interval debulking surgery versus laparotomy. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Morton M, Chichura A, Chambers LM, Horowitz M, Costales A, Rose P, DeBernardo R, Michener C. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy at the time of minimally invasive interval debulking surgery. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Horowitz M, Esakov E, Kpegba C, Braley C, Michener C, Rose P, DeBernardo R, Reizes O. Attenuation of DNA damage response by hyperthermic cisplatin in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Horowitz M, Esakov E, Hong C, Michener C, Rose P, Hwang T, DeBernardo R, Reizes O. Transcriptomic analysis of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in a cellular model of ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mreisat A, Kanaani H, Saada A, Horowitz M. Heat acclimation mediated cardioprotection is controlled by mitochondrial metabolic remodeling involving HIF-1α. J Therm Biol 2020; 93:102691. [PMID: 33077115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Heat acclimation (HA) induces metabolic plasticity to resist the effects of environmental heat with cross-tolerance to novel stressors such as oxygen supply perturbations, exercise, and alike. Our previous results indicated that hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF-1α) contributes to this adaptive process. In the present study, we link functional studies in isolated cardiomyocytes, with molecular and biochemical studies of cardiac mitochondria and demonstrate that HA remodels mitochondrial metabolism and performance. We observed the significant role that HIF-1α plays in the HA heart, as HA reduces oxidative stress during ischemia by shifting mitochondrial substrate preference towards pyruvate, with elevated level and activity of mitochondrial LDH (LDHb), acting a pivotal role. Increased antioxidative capacity to encounter hazards is implicated. These results deepen our understanding of heat acclimation-mediated cross tolerance (HACT), in which adaptive bioenergetic-mechanisms counteract the hazards of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mreisat
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - H Kanaani
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Saada
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - M Horowitz
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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Cooper RE, Grünwald LM, Horowitz M. The case for including antipsychotics in the UK NICE guideline: “Medicines associated with dependence or withdrawal symptoms: safe prescribing and withdrawal management for adults”. Psychosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2020.1722734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. E. Cooper
- Newham Centre for Mental Health, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Newham Centre for Mental Health, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - L. M. Grünwald
- Research & Development Department, Goodmayes Hospital, North East London NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - M. Horowitz
- Research & Development Department, Goodmayes Hospital, North East London NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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Triolo TM, Fouts A, Pyle L, Yu L, Gottlieb PA, Steck AK, Greenbaum CJ, Atkinson M, Baidal D, Battaglia M, Becker D, Bingley P, Bosi E, Buckner J, Clements M, Colman P, DiMeglio L, Gitelman S, Goland R, Gottlieb P, Herold K, Knip M, Krischer J, Lernmark A, Moore W, Moran A, Muir A, Palmer J, Peakman M, Philipson L, Raskin P, Redondo M, Rodriguez H, Russell W, Spain L, Schatz D, Sosenko J, Wentworth J, Wherrett D, Wilson D, Winter W, Ziegler A, Anderson M, Antinozzi P, Benoist C, Blum J, Bourcier K, Chase P, Clare-Salzler M, Clynes R, Eisenbarth G, Fathman C, Grave G, Hering B, Insel R, Kaufman F, Kay T, Leschek E, Mahon J, Marks J, Nanto-Salonen K, Nepom G, Orban T, Parkman R, Pescovitz M, Peyman J, Pugliese A, Roep B, Roncarolo M, Savage P, Simell O, Sherwin R, Siegelman M, Skyler J, Steck A, Thomas J, Trucco M, Wagner J, Krischer JP, Leschek E, Rafkin L, Bourcier K, Cowie C, Foulkes M, Insel R, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lachin JM, Malozowski S, Peyman J, Ridge J, Savage P, Skyler JS, Zafonte SJ, Rafkin L, Sosenko JM, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Krischer JP, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Dixit S, Pasha M, King K, Adcock H, Atterberry L, Fox K, Englert N, Mauras J, Permuy K, Sikes T, Adams T, Berhe B, Guendling L, McLennan L, Paganessi C, Murphy M, Draznin M, Kamboj S, Sheppard V, Lewis L, Coates W, Amado D, Moore G, Babar J, Bedard D, Brenson-Hughes J, Cernich M, Clements R, Duprau S, Goodman L, Hester L, Huerta-Saenz A, Asif I, Karmazin T, Letjen S, Raman D, Morin W, Bestermann E, Morawski J, White A, Brockmyer R, Bays S, Campbell A, Boonstra M, Stapleton N, Stone A, Donoho H, Everett H, Hensley M, Johnson C, Marshall N, Skirvin P, Taylor R, Williams L, Burroughs C, Ray C, Wolverton D, Nickels C, Dothard P, Speiser M, Pellizzari L, Bokor K, Izuora S, Abdelnour P, Cummings S, Cuthbertson D, Paynor M, Leahy M, Riedl S, Shockley R, Saad T, Briones S, Casella C, Herz K, Walsh J, Greening F, Deemer M, Hay S, Hunt N, Sikotra L, Simons D, Karounos R, Oremus L, Dye L, Myers D, Ballard W, Miers R, Eberhard C, Sparks K, Thraikill K, Edwards J, Fowlkes S, Kemp A, Morales L, Holland L, Johnson P, Paul A, Ghatak K, Fiske S, Phelen H, Leyland T, Henderson D, Brenner E, Oppenheimer I, Mamkin C, Moniz C, Clarson M, Lovell A, Peters V, Ford J, Ruelas D, Borut D, Burt M, Jordan S, Castilla P, Flores M, Ruiz L, Hanson J, Green-Blair R, Sheridan K, Garmeson J, Wintergerst G, Pierce A, Omoruyi M, Foster S, Kingery A, Lunsford I, Cervantes T, Parker P, Price J, Urben I, Guillette H, Doughty H, Haydock V, Parker P, Bergman S, Duncum C, Rodda A, Perelman R, Calendo C, Barrera E, Arce-Nunez Y, Geyer S, Martinez M, De la Portilla I, Cardenas L, Garrido M, Villar R, Lorini E, Calandra G, D’Annuzio K, Perri N, Minuto C, Hays B, Rebora R, Callegari O, Ali J, Kramer B, Auble S, Cabrera P, Donohoue R, Fiallo-Scharer M, Hessner P, Wolfgram A, Henderson C, Kansra N, Bettin R, McCuller A, Miller S, Accacha J, Corrigan E, Fiore R, Levine T, Mahoney C, Polychronakos V, Henry M, Gagne H, Starkman M, Fox D, Chin F, Melchionne L, Silverman I, Marshall L, Cerracchio J, Cruz A, Viswanathan J, Heyman K, Wilson S, Chalew S, Valley S, Layburn A, Lala P, Clesi M, Genet G, Uwaifo A, Charron T, Allerton W, Hsiao B, Cefalu L, Melendez-Ramirez R, Richards C, Alleyn E, Gustafson M, Lizanna J, Wahlen S, Aleiwe M, Hansen H, Wahlen C, Karges C, Levy A, Bonaccorso R, Rapaport Y, Tomer D, Chia M, Goldis L, Iazzetti M, Klein C, Levister L, Waldman E, Keaton N, Wallach M, Regelmann Z, Antal M, Aranda C, Reynholds A, Vinik P, Barlow M, Bourcier M, Nevoret J, Couper S, Kinderman A, Beresford N, Thalagne H, Roper J, Gibbons J, Hill S, Balleaut C, Brennan J, Ellis-Gage L, Fear T, Gray L, Law P, Jones C, McNerney L, Pointer N, Price K, Few D, Tomlinson N, Leech D, Wake C, Owens M, Burns J, Leinbach A, Wotherspoon A, Murray K, Short G, Curry S, Kelsey J, Lawson J, Porter S, Stevens E, Thomson S, Winship L, Liu S, Wynn E, Wiltshire J, Krebs P, Cresswell H, Faherty C, Ross L, Denvir J, Drew T, Randell P, Mansell S, Lloyd J, Bell S, Butler Y, Hooton H, Navarra A, Roper G, Babington L, Crate H, Cripps A, Ledlie C, Moulds R, Malloy J, Norton B, Petrova O, Silkstone C, Smith K, Ghai M, Murray V, Viswanathan M, Henegan O, Kawadry J, Olson L, Maddox K, Patterson T, Ahmad B, Flores D, Domek S, Domek K, Copeland M, George J, Less T, Davis M, Short A, Martin J, Dwarakanathan P, O’Donnell B, Boerner L, Larson M, Phillips M, Rendell K, Larson C, Smith K, Zebrowski L, Kuechenmeister M, Miller J, Thevarayapillai M, Daniels H, Speer N, Forghani R, Quintana C, Reh A, Bhangoo P, Desrosiers L, Ireland T, Misla C, Milliot E, Torres S, Wells J, Villar M, Yu D, Berry D, Cook J, Soder A, Powell M, Ng M, Morrison Z, Moore M, Haslam M, Lawson B, Bradley J, Courtney C, Richardson C, Watson E, Keely D, DeCurtis M, Vaccarcello-Cruz Z, Torres K, Muller S, Sandberg H, Hsiang B, Joy D, McCormick A, Powell H, Jones J, Bell S, Hargadon S, Hudson M, Kummer S, Nguyen T, Sauder E, Sutton K, Gensel R, Aguirre-Castaneda V, Benavides, Lopez D, Hemp S, Allen J, Stear E, Davis T, O’Donnell R, Jones A, Roberts J, Dart N, Paramalingam L, Levitt Katz N, Chaudhary K, Murphy S, Willi B, Schwartzman C, Kapadia D, Roberts A, Larson D, McClellan G, Shaibai L, Kelley G, Villa C, Kelley R, Diamond M, Kabbani T, Dajani F, Hoekstra M, Sadler K, Magorno J, Holst V, Chauhan N, Wilson P, Bononi M, Sperl A, Millward M, Eaton L, Dean J, Olshan H, Stavros T, Renna C, Milliard, Brodksy L, Bacon J, Quintos L, Topor S, Bialo B, Bancroft A, Soto W, Lagarde H, Tamura R, Lockemer T, Vanderploeg M, Ibrahim M, Huie V, Sanchez R, Edelen R, Marchiando J, Palmer T, Repas M, Wasson P, Wood K, Auker J, Culbertson T, Kieffer D, Voorhees T, Borgwardt L, DeRaad K, Eckert E, Isaacson H, Kuhn A, Carroll M, Xu P, Schubert G, Francis S, Hagan T, Le M, Penn E, Wickham C, Leyva K, Rivera J, Padilla I, Rodriguez N, Young K, Jospe J, Czyzyk B, Johnson U, Nadgir N, Marlen G, Prakasam C, Rieger N, Glaser E, Heiser B, Harris C, Alies P, Foster H, Slater K, Wheeler D, Donaldson M, Murray D, Hale R, Tragus D, Word J, Lynch L, Pankratz W, Badias F, Rogers R, Newfield S, Holland M, Hashiguchi M, Gottschalk A, Philis-Tsimikas R, Rosal S, Franklin S, Guardado N, Bohannon M, Baker A, Garcia T, Aguinaldo J, Phan V, Barraza D, Cohen J, Pinsker U, Khan J, Wiley L, Jovanovic P, Misra M, Bassi M, Wright D, Cohen K, Huang M, Skiles S, Maxcy C, Pihoker K, Cochrane J, Fosse S, Kearns M, Klingsheim N, Beam C, Wright L, Viles H, Smith S, Heller M, Cunningham A, Daniels L, Zeiden J, Field R, Walker K, Griffin L, Boulware D, Bartholow C, Erickson J, Howard B, Krabbenhoft C, Sandman A, Vanveldhuizen J, Wurlger A, Zimmerman K, Hanisch L, Davis-Keppen A, Bounmananh L, Cotterill J, Kirby M, Harris A, Schmidt C, Kishiyama C, Flores J, Milton W, Martin C, Whysham A, Yerka T, Bream S, Freels J, Hassing J, Webster R, Green P, Carter J, Galloway D, Hoelzer S, Roberts S, Said P, Sullivan H, Freeman D, Allen E, Reiter E, Feinberg C, Johnson L, Newhook D, Hagerty N, White L, Levandoski J, Kyllo M, Johnson C, Gough J, Benoit P, Iyer F, Diamond H, Hosono S, Jackman L, Barette P, Jones I, Sills S, Bzdick J, Bulger R, Ginem J, Weinstock I, Douek R, Andrews G, Modgill G, Gyorffy L, Robin N, Vaidya S, Crouch K, O’Brien C, Thompson N, Granger M, Thorne J, Blumer J, Kalic L, Klepek J, Paulett B, Rosolowski J, Horner M, Watkins J, Casey K, Carpenter C, Michelle Kieffer MH, Burns J, Horton C, Pritchard D, Soetaert A, Wynne C, Chin O, Molina C, Patel R, Senguttuvan M, Wheeler O, Lane P, Furet C, Steuhm D, Jelley S, Goudeau L, Chalmers D, Greer C, Panagiotopoulos D, Metzger D, Nguyen M, Horowitz M, Linton C, Christiansen E, Glades C, Morimoto M, Macarewich R, Norman K, Patin C, Vargas A, Barbanica A, Yu P, Vaidyanathan W, Nallamshetty L, Osborne R, Mehra S, Kaster S, Neace J, Horner G, Reeves C, Cordrey L, Marrs T, Miller S, Dowshen D, Oduah V, Doyle S, Walker D, Catte H, Dean M, Drury-Brown B, Hackman M, Lee S, Malkani K, Cullen K, Johnson P, Parrimon Y, Hampton M, McCarrell C, Curtis E, Paul, Zambrano Y, Paulus K, Pilger J, Ramiro J, Luvon Ritzie AQ, Sharma A, Shor A, Song X, Terry A, Weinberger J, Wootten M, Lachin JM, Foulkes M, Harding P, Krause-Steinrauf H, McDonough S, McGee PF, Owens Hess K, Phoebus D, Quinlan S, Raiden E, Batts E, Buddy C, Kirpatrick K, Ramey M, Shultz A, Webb C, Romesco M, Fradkin J, Leschek E, Spain L, Savage P, Aas S, Blumberg E, Beck G, Brillon D, Gubitosi-Klug R, Laffel L, Vigersky R, Wallace D, Braun J, Lernmark A, Lo B, Mitchell H, Naji A, Nerup J, Orchard T, Steffes M, Tsiatis A, Veatch R, Zinman B, Loechelt B, Baden L, Green M, Weinberg A, Marcovina S, Palmer JP, Weinberg A, Yu L, Babu S, Winter W, Eisenbarth GS, Bingley P, Clynes R, DiMeglio L, Eisenbarth G, Hays B, Leschek E, Marks J, Matheson D, Rafkin L, Rodriguez H, Spain L, Wilson D, Redondo M, Gomez D, McDonald A, Pena S, Pietropaolo M, Shippy K, Batts E, Brown T, Buckner J, Dove A, Hammond M, Hefty D, Klein J, Kuhns K, Letlau M, Lord S, McCulloch-Olson M, Miller L, Nepom G, Odegard J, Ramey M, Sachter E, St. Marie M, Stickney K, VanBuecken D, Vellek B, Webber C, Allen L, Bollyk J, Hilderman N, Ismail H, Lamola S, Sanda S, Vendettuoli H, Tridgell D, Monzavi R, Bock M, Fisher L, Halvorson M, Jeandron D, Kim M, Wood J, Geffner M, Kaufman F, Parkman R, Salazar C, Goland R, Clynes R, Cook S, Freeby M, Pat Gallagher M, Gandica R, Greenberg E, Kurland A, Pollak S, Wolk A, Chan M, Koplimae L, Levine E, Smith K, Trast J, DiMeglio L, Blum J, Evans-Molina C, Hufferd R, Jagielo B, Kruse C, Patrick V, Rigby M, Spall M, Swinney K, Terrell J, Christner L, Ford L, Lynch S, Menendez M, Merrill P, Pescovitz M, Rodriguez H, Alleyn C, Baidal D, Fay S, Gaglia J, Resnick B, Szubowicz S, Weir G, Benjamin R, Conboy D, deManbey A, Jackson R, Jalahej H, Orban T, Ricker A, Wolfsdorf J, Zhang HH, Wilson D, Aye T, Baker B, Barahona K, Buckingham B, Esrey K, Esrey T, Fathman G, Snyder R, Aneja B, Chatav M, Espinoza O, Frank E, Liu J, Perry J, Pyle R, Rigby A, Riley K, Soto A, Gitelman S, Adi S, Anderson M, Berhel A, Breen K, Fraser K, Gerard-Gonzalez A, Jossan P, Lustig R, Moassesfar S, Mugg A, Ng D, Prahalod P, Rangel-Lugo M, Sanda S, Tarkoff J, Torok C, Wesch R, Aslan I, Buchanan J, Cordier J, Hamilton C, Hawkins L, Ho T, Jain A, Ko K, Lee T, Phelps S, Rosenthal S, Sahakitrungruang T, Stehl L, Taylor L, Wertz M, Wong J, Philipson L, Briars R, Devine N, Littlejohn E, Grant T, Gottlieb P, Klingensmith G, Steck A, Alkanani A, Bautista K, Bedoy R, Blau A, Burke B, Cory L, Dang M, Fitzgerald-Miller L, Fouts A, Gage V, Garg S, Gesauldo P, Gutin R, Hayes C, Hoffman M, Ketchum K, Logsden-Sackett N, Maahs D, Messer L, Meyers L, Michels A, Peacock S, Rewers M, Rodriguez P, Sepulbeda F, Sippl R, Steck A, Taki I, Tran BK, Tran T, Wadwa RP, Zeitler P, Barker J, Barry S, Birks L, Bomsburger L, Bookert T, Briggs L, Burdick P, Cabrera R, Chase P, Cobry E, Conley A, Cook G, Daniels J, DiDomenico D, Eckert J, Ehler A, Eisenbarth G, Fain P, Fiallo-Scharer R, Frank N, Goettle H, Haarhues M, Harris S, Horton L, Hutton J, Jeffrrey J, Jenison R, Jones K, Kastelic W, King MA, Lehr D, Lungaro J, Mason K, Maurer H, Nguyen L, Proto A, Realsen J, Schmitt K, Schwartz M, Skovgaard S, Smith J, Vanderwel B, Voelmle M, Wagner R, Wallace A, Walravens P, Weiner L, Westerhoff B, Westfall E, Widmer K, Wright H, Schatz D, Abraham A, Atkinson M, Cintron M, Clare-Salzler M, Ferguson J, Haller M, Hosford J, Mancini D, Rohrs H, Silverstein J, Thomas J, Winter W, Cole G, Cook R, Coy R, Hicks E, Lewis N, Marks J, Pugliese A, Blaschke C, Matheson D, Pugliese A, Sanders-Branca N, Ray Arce LA, Cisneros M, Sabbag S, Moran A, Gibson C, Fife B, Hering B, Kwong C, Leschyshyn J, Nathan B, Pappenfus B, Street A, Boes MA, Peterson Eck S, Finney L, Albright Fischer T, Martin A, Jacqueline Muzamhindo C, Rhodes M, Smith J, Wagner J, Wood B, Becker D, Delallo K, Diaz A, Elnyczky B, Libman I, Pasek B, Riley K, Trucco M, Copemen B, Gwynn D, Toledo F, Rodriguez H, Bollepalli S, Diamond F, Eyth E, Henson D, Lenz A, Shulman D, Raskin P, Adhikari S, Dickson B, Dunnigan E, Lingvay I, Pruneda L, Ramos-Roman M, Raskin P, Rhee C, Richard J, Siegelman M, Sturges D, Sumpter K, White P, Alford M, Arthur J, Aviles-Santa ML, Cordova E, Davis R, Fernandez S, Fordan S, Hardin T, Jacobs A, Kaloyanova P, Lukacova-Zib I, Mirfakhraee S, Mohan A, Noto H, Smith O, Torres N, Wherrett D, Balmer D, Eisel L, Kovalakovska R, Mehan M, Sultan F, Ahenkorah B, Cevallos J, Razack N, Jo Ricci M, Rhode A, Srikandarajah M, Steger R, Russell WE, Black M, Brendle F, Brown A, Moore D, Pittel E, Robertson A, Shannon A, Thomas JW, Herold K, Feldman L, Sherwin R, Tamborlane W, Weinzimer S, Toppari J, Kallio T, Kärkkäinen M, Mäntymäki E, Niininen T, Nurmi B, Rajala P, Romo M, Suomenrinne S, Näntö-Salonen K, Simell O, Simell T, Bosi E, Battaglia M, Bianconi E, Bonfanti R, Grogan P, Laurenzi A, Martinenghi S, Meschi F, Pastore M, Falqui L, Teresa Muscato M, Viscardi M, Bingley P, Castleden H, Farthing N, Loud S, Matthews C, McGhee J, Morgan A, Pollitt J, Elliot-Jones R, Wheaton C, Knip M, Siljander H, Suomalainen H, Colman P, Healy F, Mesfin S, Redl L, Wentworth J, Willis J, Farley M, Harrison L, Perry C, Williams F, Mayo A, Paxton J, Thompson V, Volin L, Fenton C, Carr L, Lemon E, Swank M, Luidens M, Salgam M, Sharma V, Schade D, King C, Carano R, Heiden J, Means N, Holman L, Thomas I, Madrigal D, Muth T, Martin C, Plunkett C, Ramm C, Auchus R, Lane W, Avots E, Buford M, Hale C, Hoyle J, Lane B, Muir A, Shuler S, Raviele N, Ivie E, Jenkins M, Lindsley K, Hansen I, Fadoju D, Felner E, Bode B, Hosey R, Sax J, Jefferies C, Mannering S, Prentis R, She J, Stachura M, Hopkins D, Williams J, Steed L, Asatapova E, Nunez S, Knight S, Dixon P, Ching J, Donner T, Longnecker S, Abel K, Arcara K, Blackman S, Clark L, Cooke D, Plotnick L, Levin P, Bromberger L, Klein K, Sadurska K, Allen C, Michaud D, Snodgrass H, Burghen G, Chatha S, Clark C, Silverberg J, Wittmer C, Gardner J, LeBoeuf C, Bell P, McGlore O, Tennet H, Alba N, Carroll M, Baert L, Beaton H, Cordell E, Haynes A, Reed C, Lichter K, McCarthy P, McCarthy S, Monchamp T, Roach J, Manies S, Gunville F, Marosok L, Nelson T, Ackerman K, Rudolph J, Stewart M, McCormick K, May S, Falls T, Barrett T, Dale K, Makusha L, McTernana C, Penny-Thomas K, Sullivan K, Narendran P, Robbie J, Smith D, Christensen R, Koehler B, Royal C, Arthur T, Houser H, Renaldi J, Watsen S, Wu P, Lyons L, House B, Yu J, Holt H, Nation M, Vickers C, Watling R, Heptulla R, Trast J, Agarwal C, Newell D, Katikaneni R, Gardner C, Del A, Rio A, Logan H, Collier C, Rishton G, Whalley A, Ali S, Ramtoola T, Quattrin L, Mastrandea A, House M, Ecker C, Huang C, Gougeon J, Ho D, Pacuad D, Dunger J, May C, O’Brien C, Acerini B, Salgin A, Thankamony R, Williams J, Buse G, Fuller M, Duclos J, Tricome H, Brown D, Pittard D, Bowlby A, Blue T, Headley S, Bendre K, Lewis K, Sutphin C, Soloranzo J, Puskaric H, Madison M, Rincon M, Carlucci R, Shridharani B, Rusk E, Tessman D, Huffman H, Abrams B, Biederman M, Jones V, Leathers W, Brickman P, Petrie D, Zimmerman J, Howard L, Miller R, Alemzadeh D, Mihailescu R, Melgozza-Walker N, Abdulla C, Boucher-Berry D, Ize-Ludlow R, Levy C, Swenson, Brousell N, Crimmins D, Edler T, Weis C, Schultz D, Rogers D, Latham C, Mawhorter C, Switzer W, Spencer P, Konstantnopoulus S, Broder J, Klein L, Knight L, Szadek G, Welnick B, Thompson R, Hoffman A, Revell J, Cherko K, Carter E, Gilson J, Haines G, Arthur B, Bowen W, Zipf P, Graves R, Lozano D, Seiple K, Spicer A, Chang J, Fregosi J, Harbinson C, Paulson S, Stalters P, Wright D, Zlock A, Freeth J, Victory H, Maheshwari A, Maheshwari T, Holmstrom J, Bueno R, Arguello J, Ahern L, Noreika V, Watson S, Hourse P, Breyer C, Kissel Y, Nicholson M, Pfeifer S, Almazan J, Bajaj M, Quinn K, Funk J, McCance E, Moreno R, Veintimilla A, Wells J, Cook S, Trunnel J, Henske S, Desai K, Frizelis F, Khan R, Sjoberg K, Allen P, Manning G, Hendry B, Taylor S, Jones W, Strader M, Bencomo T, Bailey L, Bedolla C, Roldan C, Moudiotis B, Vaidya C, Anning S, Bunce S, Estcourt E, Folland E, Gordon C, Harrill J, Ireland J, Piper L, Scaife K, Sutton S, Wilkins M, Costelloe J, Palmer L, Casas C, Miller M, Burgard C, Erickson J, Hallanger-Johnson P, Clark W, Taylor A, Lafferty S, Gillett C, Nolan M, Pathak L, Sondrol T, Hjelle S, Hafner J, Kotrba R, Hendrickson A, Cemeroglu T, Symington M, Daniel Y, Appiagyei-Dankah D, Postellon M, Racine L, Kleis K, Barnes S, Godwin H, McCullough K, Shaheen G, Buck L, Noel M, Warren S, Weber S, Parker I, Gillespie B, Nelson C, Frost J, Amrhein E, Moreland A, Hayes J, Peggram J, Aisenberg M, Riordan J, Zasa E, Cummings K, Scott T, Pinto A, Mokashi K, McAssey E, Helden P, Hammond L, Dinning S, Rahman S, Ray C, Dimicri S, Guppy H, Nielsen C, Vogel C, Ariza L, Morales Y, Chang R, Gabbay L, Ambrocio L, Manley R, Nemery W, Charlton P, Smith L, Kerr B, Steindel-Kopp M, Alamaguer D, Liljenquist G, Browning T, Coughenour M, Sulk E, Tsalikan M, Tansey J, Cabbage N. Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:192-199. [PMID: 30061316 PMCID: PMC6341285 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (N = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A], and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. RESULTS At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all P < 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all P ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody-positive, 13% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody-positive, 12% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. CONCLUSIONS Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody-positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody-positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Triolo
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Alexandra Fouts
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Peter A. Gottlieb
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Hefetz I, Einot N, Faerman M, Horowitz M, Almog J. Touch DNA: The effect of the deposition pressure on the quality of latent fingermarks and STR profiles. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 38:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Trunnel S, Transue D, Surhigh J, Bezzaire D, Moltz K, Zacharski E, Henske J, Desai S, Frizelis K, Khan F, Sjoberg R, Allen K, Manning P, Hendry G, Taylor B, Jones S, Couch R, Danchak R, Lieberman D, Strader W, Bencomo M, Bailey T, Bedolla L, Roldan C, Moudiotis C, Vaidya B, Anning C, Bunce S, Estcourt S, Folland E, Gordon E, Harrill C, Ireland J, Piper J, Scaife L, Sutton K, Wilkins S, Costelloe M, Palmer J, Casas L, Miller C, Burgard M, Erickson C, Hallanger-Johnson J, Clark P, Taylor W, Galgani J, Banerjee S, Banda C, McEowen D, Kinman R, Lafferty A, Gillett S, Nolan C, Pathak M, Sondrol L, Hjelle T, Hafner S, Kotrba J, Hendrickson R, Cemeroglu A, Symington T, Daniel M, Appiagyei-Dankah Y, Postellon D, Racine M, Kleis L, Barnes K, Godwin S, McCullough H, Shaheen K, Buck G, Noel L, Warren M, Weber S, Parker S, Gillespie I, Nelson B, Frost C, Amrhein J, Moreland E, Hayes A, Peggram J, Aisenberg J, Riordan M, Zasa J, Cummings E, Scott K, Pinto T, Mokashi A, McAssey K, Helden E, Hammond P, Dinning L, Rahman S, Ray S, Dimicri C, Guppy S, Nielsen H, Vogel C, Ariza C, Morales L, Chang Y, Gabbay R, Ambrocio L, Manley L, Nemery R, Charlton W, Smith P, Kerr L, Steindel-Kopp B, Alamaguer M, Tabisola-Nuesca E, Pendersen A, Larson N, Cooper-Olviver H, Chan D, Fitz-Patrick D, Carreira T, Park Y, Ruhaak R, Liljenquist D. A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Predicts Progression of Islet Autoimmunity and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals at Risk. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1887-1894. [PMID: 30002199 PMCID: PMC6105323 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the ability of a type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk score (GRS) to predict progression of islet autoimmunity and T1D in at-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the 1,244 TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants (T1D patients' relatives without diabetes and with one or more positive autoantibodies) who were genotyped with Illumina ImmunoChip (median [range] age at initial autoantibody determination 11.1 years [1.2-51.8], 48% male, 80.5% non-Hispanic white, median follow-up 5.4 years). Of 291 participants with a single positive autoantibody at screening, 157 converted to multiple autoantibody positivity and 55 developed diabetes. Of 953 participants with multiple positive autoantibodies at screening, 419 developed diabetes. We calculated the T1D GRS from 30 T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used multivariable Cox regression models, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and area under the curve (AUC) measures to evaluate prognostic utility of T1D GRS, age, sex, Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1) Risk Score, positive autoantibody number or type, HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8 status, and race/ethnicity. We used recursive partitioning analyses to identify cut points in continuous variables. RESULTS Higher T1D GRS significantly increased the rate of progression to T1D adjusting for DPT-1 Risk Score, age, number of positive autoantibodies, sex, and ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29 for a 0.05 increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.6; P = 0.011). Progression to T1D was best predicted by a combined model with GRS, number of positive autoantibodies, DPT-1 Risk Score, and age (7-year time-integrated AUC = 0.79, 5-year AUC = 0.73). Higher GRS was significantly associated with increased progression rate from single to multiple positive autoantibodies after adjusting for age, autoantibody type, ethnicity, and sex (HR 2.27 for GRS >0.295, 95% CI 1.47-3.51; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The T1D GRS independently predicts progression to T1D and improves prediction along T1D stages in autoantibody-positive relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Redondo
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Seth Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - John M. Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard A. Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
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Giezenaar C, Chapman I, Horowitz M, Soenen S. Timing effects of protein supplements on energy intake in older men. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2017.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Trahair LG, Marathe CS, Standfield S, Rayner CK, Feinle-Bisset C, Horowitz M, Jones KL. Effects of small intestinal glucose on glycaemia, insulinaemia and incretin hormone release are load-dependent in obese subjects. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:225-232. [PMID: 27840416 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Studies concerning the glycaemic response to oral glucose, or meals in obesity have usually failed to account for gastric emptying. It has been suggested that the incretin effect may be diminished in obesity as a result of a reduction in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. We sought to determine the effect of two different rates of intraduodenal glucose infusions on glycaemic, insulinaemic and incretin hormone responses in lean and obese subjects and compare the effects of oral and intraduodenal glucose in obese subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS Eleven obese subjects (age 37.5±4.1 years, body mass index (BMI) 35.7±1.4 kg m-2) and 12 controls (age 34.7±4.0 years, BMI 23.9±0.7 kg m-2) received intraduodenal infusions of glucose at 1 or 3 kcal min-1, or saline for 60 min (t=0-60 min), followed by intraduodenal saline (t=60-120 min). In obese subjects, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Blood glucose, serum insulin, plasma total GLP-1 and total gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) were measured. RESULTS In both the groups (P<0.001), the incremental areas under the curve (iAUC)0-60 min for glucose was greater with the 3 kcal min-1 than the 1 kcal min-1 infusion; the iAUC0-120 min for glucose during 3 kcal min-1 was greater (P<0.05), in the obese. Insulin responses to 1 kcal min-1 and, particularly, 3 kcal min-1 were greater (P<0.001) in the obese. Stimulation of GLP-1 and GIP were greater (P<0.001) in response to 3 kcal min-1, compared with 1 kcal min-1 and saline, without any difference between the groups. In the obese, glycaemic, insulinaemic and GIP, but not GLP-1, responses to oral and intraduodenal glucose were related (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The rate of duodenal glucose delivery is a major determinant of glycaemia, insulinaemia and incretin hormone release in obese subjects. Obesity is not apparently associated with impaired GLP-1 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Trahair
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C S Marathe
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Standfield
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C K Rayner
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Feinle-Bisset
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Horowitz
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - K L Jones
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Sivakumar S, Taccone FS, Desai KA, Lazaridis C, Skarzynski M, Sekhon M, Henderson W, Griesdale D, Chapple L, Deane A, Williams L, Strickland R, Lange K, Heyland D, Chapman M, Rowland MJ, Garry P, Westbrook J, Corkill R, Antoniades CA, Pattinson KT, Fatania G, Strong AJ, Myers RB, Lazaridis C, Jermaine CM, Robertson CS, Rusin CG, Hofmeijer J, Sondag L, Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, Beishuizen A, Bosch FH, van Putten MJAM, Carteron L, Patet C, Solari D, Oddo M, Ali MA, Dias C, Almeida R, Vaz-Ferreira A, Silva J, Monteiro E, Cerejo A, Rocha AP, Elsayed AA, Abougabal AM, Beshey BN, Alzahaby KM, Pozzebon S, Ortiz AB, Cristallini S, Lheureux O, Brasseur A, Vincent JL, Creteur J, Taccone FS, Hravnak M, Yousef K, Chang Y, Crago E, Friedlander RM, Abdelmonem SA, Tahon SA, Helmy TA, Meligy HS, Puig F, Dunn-Siegrist I, Pugin J, Gupta S, Govil D, Srinivasan S, Patel SJ, N JK, Gupta A, Tomar DS, Shafi M, Harne R, Arora DP, Talwar N, Mazumdar S, Papakrivou EE, Makris D, Manoulakas E, Tsolaki B, Karadodas B, Zakynthinos E, Garcia IP, Martin AD, Encinares VS, Ibañez MP, Montero JG, Labrador G, Cangueiro TC, Poulose V, Koh J, Kam JW, Yeter H, Stepinska J, Pérez AG, Ordoñez PF, Giribet A, Cuervo MAA, Cuervo RA, Esteban MAR, Fraile LI, Mittelbrum CP, Albaiceta GM, Kara A, Koeze J, Keus F, Dieperink W, van der Horst ICC, van Meurs M, Zijlstra JG, Roberts S, Caballero CH, Isgro G, Hall D, Aktepe O, Beitland S, Trøseid AMS, Brusletto BS, Waldum-Grevbo BE, Berg JP, Sunde K, Huertas DG, Manzano F, Quintana MMJ, Osuna A, Topeli A, Santiago-Ruiz F, Rodríguez-Mejías C, Wangensteen R, Jamaati HR, Masjedi M, Zand F, Hashemian SMR, Sabetian G, Abbasi G, Khaloo V, Tsolakoglou I, Tabei SH, Kafilzadeh A, Bakhodaei HH, Diaz JA, Silva R, Garcia DJ, Luis E, Gomez MN, Soriano R, Gonzalez PL, Intas G, Ibrahim IA, Rafik MM, Al-Ansary AM, Algendi MA, Ali AA, Fuhrmann V, Roedl K, Horvatits T, Drolz A, Rutter K, Stergiannis P, Benten D, Kluwe J, Siedler S, Kluge S, Adedugbe I, Bird GT, Kennedy RM, Sharma S, Butler MB, Yugi G, Kolaros AA, Haroon BA, Witter T, Khaliq W, Singer M, Havaldar AA, Krishna B, Sriram S, Espinoza EDV, Pozo MO, Edul VSK, Chalari E, Furche M, Motta MF, Vazquez AR, Birri PNR, Ince C, Dubin A, Dogliotti A, Ramos A, Lovesio C, Delile E, Athanasiadou E, Nevière R, Thiébaut PA, Maupoint J, Mulder P, Coquerel D, Renet S, do Rego JC, Rieusset J, Richard V, Tamion F, Martika A, Khaliq W, Andreis DT, Singer M, Smit B, Smulders YM, de Waard MC, van Straaten HMO, Girbes ARJ, Eringa EC, Man AMESD, Fildisis G, Alegría L, Soto D, Luengo C, Gomez J, Jarufe N, Bruhn A, Castro R, Kattan E, Tapia P, Rebolledo R, Faivre V, Achurra P, Ospina-Tascón G, Bakker J, Hernández G, Bertini P, Guarracino F, Baldassarri R, Pinsky MR, Alegría L, Vera M, Mengelle C, Dreyse J, Carpio D, Henriquez C, Gajardo D, Bravo S, Castro R, Ospina-Tascón G, Bakker J, Hernández G, Kim S, Favier B, Lee M, Park SY, So S, Lee H, Kačar MB, Kačar SM, Uddin I, Belhaj AM, Aydın MA, Avsec D, Payen D, Kapuağası A, Kaymak Ç, Kovach L, Şencan İ, Meço B, Özçelik M, Ünal N, Lazaridis C, Jenni-Moser B, Jeitziner MM, Poppe A, Galassi MS, Sales FL, de Moraes KCL, Batista CL, Júnior JADS, Marcari TB, Lobato R, Castro CSAA, de Souza LM, Rodrigues FFP, Winkler MS, Correa NG, Pelegrini AM, Eid RAC, Timenetsky KT, Cazati D, Lobato M, Diniz PS, Rocha LL, Cavalheiro AM, Lucinio NM, Mudersbach E, Santos ER, Norrenberg M, Gleize A, Preiser JC, Simón IF, Carmona SA, Valhonrat IL, Domínguez JP, Abellán AN, Almudévar PM, Schreiber J, Dávila F, Rubio JJ, Ramos AJ, Reina ÁJR, López NP, Pérez MA, Apolo DXC, Villén LM, López FMP, García IP, Wruck ML, Izurieta JRN, Guerrero JJE, Calvert S, Quint M, Adeniji K, Young R, Shevill DD, Robertson E, Garside P, Walter E, Schwedhelm E, Isotti P, De Vecchi MM, Perduca AE, Negro A, Villa G, Manara DF, Cabrini L, Zangrillo A, Frencken JF, van Baal L, Kluge S, Peelen LM, Donker DW, Horn J, van der Poll T, van Klei WA, Bonten MJM, Cremer OL, Menard CE, Kumar A, Rimmer E, Zöllner C, Doucette S, Turgeon AF, Houston BL, Houston DS, Zarychanski R, Pinto BB, Carrara M, Ferrario M, Bendjelid K, Nunes J, Tavladaki T, Diaz P, Silva G, Escórcio S, Chaves S, Jardim M, Fernandes N, Câmara M, Duarte R, Pereira CA, Vieira J, Spanaki AM, Nóbrega JJ, Robles CMC, de Oca-Sandoval MAM, Sánchez-Rodríguez A, Joya-Galeana JG, Correa-Morales A, Camarena-Alejo G, Aguirre-Sánchez J, Franco-Granillo J, Soliman M, Dimitriou H, Al Azab A, El Hossainy R, Nagy H, Nirmalan M, Crippa IA, Cavicchi FZ, Vincent JL, Creteur J, Taccone FS, Chaari A, Kondili E, Hakim KA, Hassanein H, Etman M, El Bahr M, Bousselmi K, Khalil ES, Kauts V, Casey WF, Imahase H, Sakamoto Y, Choulaki C, Inoue S, Yamada KC, Koami H, Miike T, Nagashima F, Iwamura T, Boscolo A, Lucchetta V, Piasentini E, Bertini D, Meleti E, Manesso L, Spiezia L, Simioni P, Ori C, Souza RB, Martins AM, Liberatore AMA, Kang YR, Nakamae MN, Vieira JCF, Kafetzopoulos D, Koh IHJ, Hanslin K, Wilske F, Skorup P, Sjölin J, Lipcsey M, Long WJ, Zhen CE, Vakalos A, Avramidis V, Georgopoulos D, Wu SH, Shyu LJ, Li CH, Yu CH, Chen HC, Wang CH, Lin KH, Aray ZE, Gómez CF, Tejero AP, Briassoulis G, Monge DD, Losada VM, Tarancón CM, Cortés SD, Gutiérrez AM, Álvarez TP, Rouze A, Jaffal K, Six S, Stolz K, la Torre AGD, Cattoen V, Nseir S, Arnal JM, Saoli M, Novotni D, Garnero A, Becher T, Buchholz V, Schädler D, Frerichs I, de la Torre-Prados MV, Weiler N, Eronia N, Mauri T, Gatti S, Maffezzini E, Bronco A, Alban L, Sasso T, Marenghi C, Grasselli G, Tsvetanova-Spasova T, Pesenti A, Bellani G, Al-Fares A, Del Sorbo L, Anwar S, Facchin F, Azad S, Zamel R, Ferguson N, Cypel M, Nuevo-Ortega P, Keshavjee S, Fan E, Durlinger E, Spoelstra-de Man A, Smit B, de Grooth HJ, Girbes A, Straaten HOV, Smulders Y, Alfaro MA, Rueda-Molina C, Parrilla F, Meli A, Pellegrini M, Rodriguez N, Goyeneche JM, Morán I, Aguirre H, Mancebo J, Heines SJH, Strauch U, Fernández-Porcel A, Bergmans DCJJ, Blankman P, Shono A, Hasan D, Gommers D, Chung WY, Lee KS, Jung 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Creteur J, Funcke S, Groesdonk H, Saugel B, Wagenpfeil G, Wagenpfeil S, Reuter DA, Fernandez MM, Fernandez R, Magret M, González-Castro A, Bouza MT, Ibañez M, García C, Balerdi B, Mas A, Arauzo V, Añón JM, Ruiz F, Ferreres J, Tomás R, Alabert M, Tizón AI, Altaba S, Llamas N, Goligher EC, Fan E, Herridge M, Vorona S, Sklar M, Dres M, Rittayamai N, Lanys A, Urrea C, Tomlinson G, Reid WD, Rubenfeld GD, Kavanagh BP, Brochard LJ, Ferguson ND, Neto AS, de Abreu MG, Pelosi P, Schultz MJ, Guérin C, Papazian L, Reignier J, Ayzac L, Loundou A, Forel JM, Rolland-Debord C, Bureau C, Poitou T, Clavel M, Perbet S, Terzi N, Kouatchet A, Similowski T, Demoule A, Hunfeld N, Trogrlic Z, Ladage S, Osse RJ, Koch B, Rietdijk W, Devlin J, van der Jagt M, Picetti E, Ceccarelli P, Mensi F, Malchiodi L, Risolo S, Rossi I, Antonini MV, Servadei F, Caspani ML, Roquilly A, Lasocki S, Seguin P, Geeraerts T, Perrigault PF, Dahyot-Fizelier C, Paugam-Burtz C, Cook F, Cinotti R, dit Latte DD, Mahe PJ, Fortuit C, Feuillet F, Asehnoune K, Marzorati C, Spina S, Scaravilli V, Vargiolu A, Riva M, Giussani C, Sganzerla E, Citerio G, Barbadillo S, de Molina FJG, Álvarez-Lerma F, Rodríguez A, Zakharkina T, Martin-Loeches I, Matamoros S, Povoa P, Torres A, Kastelijn J, Hofstra JJ, de Jong M, Schultz M, Sterk P, Artigas A, Bos LJ, Moreau AS, Martin-Loeches I, Povoa P, Salluh J, Rodriguez A, Nseir S, de Jong E, van Oers JA, Beishuizen A, Girbes ARJ, Nijsten MWN, de Lange DW, Bonvicini D, Labate D, Benacchio L, Olivieri A, Pizzirani E, Lopez-Delgado JC, Gonzalez-Romero M, Fuentes-Mila V, Berbel-Franco D, Romera-Peregrina I, Martinez-Pascual A, Perez-Sanchez J, Abellan-Lencina R, Ávila-Espinoza RE, Moreno-Gonzalez G, Sbraga F, Griffiths S, Grocott MPW, Creagh-Brown B, Doyle J, Wilkerson P, Soon Y, Huddart S, Dickinson M, Riga A, Zuleika A, Miyamoto K, Kawazoe Y, Morimoto T, Yamamoto T, Fuke A, Hashimoto A, Koami H, Beppu S, Katayama Y, Ito M, Ohta Y, Yamamura H, Rygård SL, Holst LB, Wetterslev J, Johansson PI, Perner A, Soliman IW, de Lange DW, van Dijk D, van Delden JJM, Cremer OL, Slooter AJC, Peelen LM, McWilliams D, Snelson C, Neves AD, Loudet CI, Busico M, Vazquez D, Villalba D, Veronesi M, Lischinsky A, López FJL, Mori LB, Plotnikow G, Díaz A, Giannasi S, Hernandez R, Krzisnik L, Cecotti C, Viola L, Lopez R, Sottile JP, Benavent G, Estenssoro E, Chen CM, Lai CC, Cheng KC, Chou W, Chan KS, Roeker LE, Horkan CM, Gibbons FK, Christopher KB, Weijs PJM, Mogensen KM, Rawn JD, Robinson MK, Christopher KB, Tang Z, Qiu C, Ouyang B, Cai C, Guan X, Regueira T, Cea L, Carlos SJ, Elisa B, Puebla C, Vargas A, Poulsen MK, Thomsen LP, Kjærgaard S, Rees SE, Karbing DS, Wollersheim T, Frank S, Müller MC, Carbon NM, Skrypnikov V, Pickerodt PA, Falk R, Mahlau A, Weber-Carstens S, Lee A, Inglis R, Morgan R, Barker G, Kamata K, Abe T, Saitoh D, Tokuda Y, Green RS, Butler MB, Erdogan M, Hwa HT, Gil LJ, Vaquero RH, Rodriguez-Ruiz E, Lago AL, Allut JLG, Gestal AE, Gonzalez MAG, Thomas-Rüddel DO, Schwarzkopf D, Fleischmann C, Reinhart K, Suwanpasu S, Sattayasomboon Y, Filho NMF, Oliveira JCA, Ballalai CS, De Lucia CV, Araponga GP, Veiga LN, Silva CS, Garrido ME, Ramos BB, Ricaldi EF, Gomes SS, Gemmell L, MacKay A, Wright C, Docking RI, Doherty P, Black E, Stenhouse P, Plummer MP, Finnis ME, Phillips LK, Kar P, Bihari S, Biradar V, Moodie S, Horowitz M, Shaw JE, Deane AM, Yatabe T, Inoue S, Sakaguchi M, Egi M, Abdelhamid YA, Plummer MP, Finnis ME, Phillips LK, Kar P, Bihari S, Biradar V, Moodie S, Horowitz M, Shaw JE, Deane AM, Hokka M, Egi M, Mizobuchi S, Kar P, Plummer M, Abdelhamid YA, Giersch E, Summers M, Hatzinikolas S, Heller S, Chapman M, Jones K, Horowitz M, Deane A, Schweizer R, Jacquet-Lagreze M, Portran P, Junot S, Allaouchiche B, Fellahi JL, Guerci P, Ergin B, Kapucu A, Ince C, Cioccari L, Luethi N, Crisman M, Bellomo R, Mårtensson J, Shinotsuka CR, Fagnoul D, Brasseur A, Orbegozo D, Vincent JL, Preiser JC, Preiser JC, Lheureux O, Thooft A, Brimioulle S, Vincent JL, Iwasaka H, Tahara S, Nagamine M, Ichigatani A, Cabrera AR, Zepeda EM, Granillo JF, Sánchez JSA, Montoya AAT, Montenegro AP, Blanco GAG, Robles CMC, Drolz A, Horvatits T, Roedl K, Rutter K, Kluge S, Funk GC, Schneeweiss B, Fuhrmann V, Sabetian G, Pooresmaeel F, Zand F, Ghaffaripour S, Farbod A, Tabei H, Taheri L, Anandanadesan R, Metaxa V, Teixeira C, Pereira SM, Hernández-Marrero P, Carvalho AS, Beckmann M, Hartog CS, Schwarzkopf D, Raadts A, Robertsen A, Førde R, Skaga NO, Helseth E, Honeybul S, Ho K, Lopez PM, Gonzalez MN, Ortega PN, Sola EC, Spasova T, de la Torre-Prados MV, Kopecky O, Rusinova K, Waldauf P, Cepeplikova Z, Balik M, Domínguez JP, Almudevar PM, Carmona SA, Muñoz JJR, Castañeda DP, Abellán AN, Villamizar PR, Ramos JV, Pérez LP, Lucendo AP, Ejarque MC, Estella A, Camps VL, Martín MC, Masnou N, Barbosa S, Varela A, Palma I, Cristina L, Nunes E, Pereira I, Campello G, Granja C, Pande R, Pandey M, Varghese S, Chanu M, Van Dam MJ, Ter Braak EWMT, Estella A, Gracia M, Viciana R, Recuerda M, Fontaiña LP, Tharmalingam B, Kovari F, Rose L, Mcginlay M, Amin R, Burns K, Connolly B, Hart N, Jouvet P, Katz S, Leasa D, Mawdsley C, Mcauley D, Schultz M, Blackwood B, Denham S, Worrall R, Arshad M, Isherwood P, Khadjibaev A, Sabirov D, Rosstalnaya A, Parpibaev F, Sharipova V, Blanco GAG, Guzman CIO, Sánchez JSA, Granillo JF, Gupta S, Govil D, Srinivasan S, Patel SJ, N JK, Gupta A, Shafi M, Tomar DS, Harne R, Arora DP, Talwar N, Mazumdar S, Cha YS, Lee SJ, Tyagi N, Rajput RK, Taneja S, Singh VK, Sharma SC, Mittal S, Rao BK, Ayachi J, Fraj N, Romdhani S, Khedher A, Meddeb K, Sma N, Azouzi A, Bouneb R, Chouchene I, El Ghardallou M, Boussarsar M, Jennings R, Walter E, Ribeiro JM, Moniz I, Marçal R, Santos AC, Candeias C, e Silva ZC, Gomez SEZ, Nieto ORP, Gonzalez JAC, Cuellar AIV, Mildh H, Pettilä V, Korhonen AM, Karlsson S, Ala-Kokko T, Reinikainen M, Vaara ST, Zaleska-Kociecka M, Grabowski M, Dąbrowski M, Wozniak S, Piotrowska K, Banaszewski M, Imiela J. ESICM LIVES 2016: part two. Intensive Care Med Exp 2016. [PMCID: PMC5042923 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-016-0099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Niederwieser D, Baldomero H, Szer J, Gratwohl M, Aljurf M, Atsuta Y, Bouzas LF, Confer D, Greinix H, Horowitz M, Iida M, Lipton J, Mohty M, Novitzky N, Nunez J, Passweg J, Pasquini MC, Kodera Y, Apperley J, Seber A, Gratwohl A. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation activity worldwide in 2012 and a SWOT analysis of the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group including the global survey. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 51:778-85. [PMID: 26901703 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Data on 68 146 hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs) (53% autologous and 47% allogeneic) gathered by 1566 teams from 77 countries and reported through their regional transplant organizations were analyzed by main indication, donor type and stem cell source for the year 2012. With transplant rates ranging from 0.1 to 1001 per 10 million inhabitants, more HSCTs were registered from unrelated 16 433 donors than related 15 493 donors. Grafts were collected from peripheral blood (66%), bone marrow (24%; mainly non-malignant disorders) and cord blood (10%). Compared with 2006, an increase of 46% total (57% allogeneic and 38% autologous) was observed. Growth was due to an increase in reporting teams (18%) and median transplant activity/team (from 38 to 48 HSCTs/team). An increase of 167% was noted in mismatched/haploidentical family HSCT. A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis revealed the global perspective of WBMT to be its major strength and identified potential to be the key professional body for patients and authorities. The limited data collection remains its major weakness and threat. In conclusion, global HSCT grows over the years without plateauing (allogeneic>autologous) and at different rates in the four World Health Organization regions. Major increases were observed in allogeneic, haploidentical HSCT and, to a lesser extent, in cord blood transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Niederwieser
- The Worldwide Network of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) Transplant Activity Survey Office, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - H Baldomero
- The Worldwide Network of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) Transplant Activity Survey Office, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Szer
- The Australasian Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient Registry (ABMTRR), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - M Gratwohl
- Institute for Operations Research and Computational Finances, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - M Aljurf
- The Eastern Mediterranean Blood and Marrow Transplant Group (EMBMT), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Y Atsuta
- Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Nagoya, Japan
| | - L F Bouzas
- The Latin American Blood and Marrow Transplant Group (LABMT), Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D Confer
- National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - H Greinix
- Medical University of Graz, Division of Hematology, Graz, Austria
| | - M Horowitz
- The Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - M Iida
- The Asian Pacific Blood and Marrow Transplant Group (APBMT) Data Centre, Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - J Lipton
- The Canadian Blood and Marrow Transplant Group (CBMTG), Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Mohty
- The European Blood and Marrow Transplant Group (EBMT), Hôpital St Antoine, St Antoine, Paris
| | - N Novitzky
- The African Blood and Marrow Transplant Group (AFBMT), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - J Nunez
- The World Health Organization WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Passweg
- The Worldwide Network of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) Transplant Activity Survey Office, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M C Pasquini
- The Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Y Kodera
- Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - J Apperley
- Department of Hematology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Seber
- Department of Pediatric, Hospital Samaritano, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Gratwohl
- The Worldwide Network of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) Transplant Activity Survey Office, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Shapira YP, Smulakovsky V, Horowitz M. Experimental demonstration of nonlinear pulse propagation in a fiber Bragg grating written in a fiber amplifier. Opt Lett 2016; 41:5-8. [PMID: 26696144 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We study experimentally nonlinear propagation of sub-nanosecond optical pulses in a fiber Bragg grating written in a Ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (YD-FBG). The magnitude and the sign of group velocity dispersion (GVD) in YD-FBG can be controlled by adjusting the fiber tension. In the case of anomalous GVD, pulse breakup was observed due to modulation instability. However, for the same input pulse power in the normal GVD regime, the output pulse duration was increased, and pulse breakup was not observed. The deterioration of pulse spectrum due to Raman and four-wave mixing effect was also reduced in the normal GVD regime. Since GVD in YD-FBG is six orders of magnitude higher than in standard fibers, the advantages of normal GVD in fiber amplifiers that were demonstrated in previous works for femtosecond and picosecond pulses can be exploited for amplifying sub-nanosecond pulses. The experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations. We have also demonstrated a gain coefficient enhancement by a factor of 1.7 due to slow-light propagation in the YD-FBG.
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Plummer MP, Kar P, Cousins CE, Chapman MJ, Hausken T, Jones KL, Horowitz M, Deane AM. Nutrient-stimulated gallbladder emptying is incomplete during critical illness as assessed by 3D ultrasound. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4798125 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kar P, Plummer MP, Bellomo R, Jenkins AJ, Januszewski AS, Lange K, Chapman MJ, Horowitz M, Deane AM. Personalised glucose therapy: glucose targets in critically ill patients with pre-existing poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4797823 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Marathe CS, Feinle-Bisset C, Pilichiewicz A, Lange K, Jones KL, Rayner CK, Kahn SE, Horowitz M. The duodenal glucose load impacts the oral disposition index in healthy subjects. Diabet Med 2015; 32:1500-3. [PMID: 25981372 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM In healthy subjects, the oral disposition index (ratio of insulin response to insulin sensitivity) is predictive of the development of Type 2 diabetes. Gastric emptying, which exhibits a substantial interindividual variation, is a major determinant of postprandial glycaemia in health and diabetes. We sought to determine whether the rate of intraduodenal glucose delivery affects the disposition index in people without diabetes. METHODS Nineteen Caucasian males received glucose infusions via an intraduodenal catheter at either 2 kcal/min (ID2) or 4 kcal/min (ID4) for 120 min, on two separate days with measurements of blood glucose (G) and plasma insulin (I) at frequent intervals. The insulin response was estimated by the ratio of the change in insulin to that of change in glucose at 30 min (∆I(0-30)/∆G(0-30)) and 60 min (∆I(0-60)/∆G(0-60)). Insulin sensitivity was estimated as 1/fasting insulin. The oral disposition index (DI) was calculated as ∆I(0-30)/∆G(0-30) × 1/fasting insulin and ∆I(0-60)/∆G(0-60) × 1/fasting insulin. RESULTS The overall glycaemic response was comparable on both days, but the insulin response was much greater at ID4 when calculated at either 30 or 60 min (P < 0.05). DI was also greater (P < 0.05) in response to ID4 than ID2. CONCLUSIONS The rate of duodenal glucose delivery has a major impact on insulin release and, thereby, DI. This suggests that the rate of gastric emptying, which determines duodenal glucose delivery, is a determinant of DI.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Marathe
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - C Feinle-Bisset
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - A Pilichiewicz
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia
| | - K Lange
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - K L Jones
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - C K Rayner
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - S E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - M Horowitz
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Australia
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Horowitz M, Morris H. In memoriam: B. E. Christopher Nordin. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:2049-50. [PMID: 26092066 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Horowitz
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Wu T, Thazhath SS, Marathe CS, Bound MJ, Jones KL, Horowitz M, Rayner CK. Comparative effect of intraduodenal and intrajejunal glucose infusion on the gut-incretin axis response in healthy males. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e156. [PMID: 25985092 PMCID: PMC4450461 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The region of enteral nutrient exposure may be an important determinant of postprandial incretin hormone secretion and blood glucose homoeostasis. We compared responses of plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), insulin and glucagon, and blood glucose to a standardised glucose infusion into the proximal jejunum and duodenum in healthy humans. Ten healthy males were evaluated during a standardised glucose infusion (2 kcal min(-1) over 120 min) into the proximal jejunum (50 cm post pylorus) and were compared with another 10 healthy males matched for ethnicity, age and body mass index who received an identical glucose infusion into the duodenum (12 cm post pylorus). Blood was sampled frequently for measurements of blood glucose and plasma hormones. Plasma GLP-1, GIP and insulin responses, as well as the insulin:glucose ratio and the insulinogenic index 1 (IGI1) were greater (P<0.05 for each) after intrajejunal (i.j.) than intraduodenal glucose infusion, without a significant difference in blood glucose or plasma glucagon. Pooled analyses revealed direct relationships between IGI1 and the responses of GLP-1 and GIP (r=0.48 and 0.56, respectively, P<0.05 each), and between glucagon and GLP-1 (r=0.70, P<0.001). In conclusion, i.j. glucose elicits greater incretin hormone and insulin secretion than intraduodenal glucose in healthy humans, suggesting regional specificity of the gut-incretin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wu
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S S Thazhath
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C S Marathe
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M J Bound
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - K L Jones
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Horowitz
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C K Rayner
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Level 6, Eleanor Harald Building, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia. E-mail:
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Wu T, Trahair LG, Bound MJ, Deacon CF, Horowitz M, Rayner CK, Jones KL. Effects of sitagliptin on blood pressure and heart rate in response to intraduodenal glucose infusion in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a potential role for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide? Diabet Med 2015; 32:595-600. [PMID: 25388434 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin on blood pressure and heart rate, measured during a previously reported study, in which the effects of sitagliptin during intraduodenal glucose infusion at the rate of 2 kcal/min on glucose homeostasis were examined in patients with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 10 people with Type 2 diabetes were studied on two different days, 30 min after oral ingestion of sitagliptin (100 mg) or placebo. Intraduodenal glucose was infused at 2 kcal/min (60 g over 120 min), and blood pressure, heart rate, plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (total and intact), glucose, insulin and glucagon responses were evaluated. RESULTS In response to intraduodenal glucose infusion, heart rate (treatment effect: P = 0.001) and serum insulin concentration (treatment × time interaction: P = 0.041) were higher after sitagliptin treatment than placebo, without a significant difference in blood pressure, plasma glucagon or glucose. During intraduodenal glucose infusion, there was a substantial increase in plasma total glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide on both days (time effect: P < 0.001), but not in total glucagon-like peptide-1. After sitagliptin, plasma intact glucagon-like peptide-1 concentration increased slightly (treatment × time interaction: P = 0.044) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentration increased substantially (treatment × time interaction: P = 0.003).The heart rate response to intraduodenal glucose was related directly to plasma intact glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations (r = 0.75, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Sitagliptin increased the heart rate response to intraduodenal glucose infusion at 2 kcal/min in people with Type 2 diabetes, which was associated with augmentation of plasma intact glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations. These observations warrant further clarification of a potential role for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in the control of the 'gut-heart' axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wu
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Graff TM, Singavi AK, Schmidt W, Eastwood D, Drobyski WR, Horowitz M, Palmer J, Pasquini M, Rizzo DJ, Saber W, Hari P, Fenske TS. Safety of outpatient autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for multiple myeloma and lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2015; 50:947-53. [PMID: 25867651 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (Auto-HCT) is commonly an in-patient procedure. However, Auto-HCT is increasingly being offered on an outpatient basis. To better characterize the safety of outpatient Auto-HCT, we compared the outcome of 230 patients who underwent Auto-HCT on an in-patient vs outpatient basis for myeloma or lymphoma within a single transplant program. All outpatient transplants occurred in a cancer center day hospital. Hematopoietic recovery occurred earlier in the outpatient cohort, with median time to neutrophil recovery of 10 vs 11 days (P<0.001) and median time to platelet recovery of 19 vs 20 days (P=0.053). Fifty-one percent of the outpatient cohort never required admission, with this percentage increasing in later years. Grade 3-4 non-hematologic toxicities occurred in 29% of both cohorts. Non-relapse mortality at 1 year was 0% in the outpatient cohort and 1.5% in the in-patient cohort (P=0.327). Two-year PFS was 62% for outpatient vs 54% for in-patient (P=0.155). One- and two-year OS was 97% and 83% for outpatient vs 91% and 80% for in-patient, respectively (P=0.271). We conclude that, with daily outpatient evaluation and aggressive supportive care, outpatient Auto-HCT can result in excellent outcomes for myeloma and lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Graff
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - A K Singavi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - W Schmidt
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - D Eastwood
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - W R Drobyski
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - M Horowitz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J Palmer
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - M Pasquini
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - D J Rizzo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - W Saber
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - P Hari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - T S Fenske
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Shapira YP, Oscar D, Spektor B, Smulakovsky V, Horowitz M. Measurement of resonant and nonresonant induced refractive index changes in Yb-doped fiber grating amplifier. Opt Lett 2015; 40:526-529. [PMID: 25680141 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the refractive index change (RIC) induced in a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) written in a Yb-doped fiber amplifier (YB-FBG) because of the amplifier pumping. The measurement was performed by exploiting the high sensitivity of the YD-FBG transmission to the RIC. We have separated between electronic and thermal contributions to the RIC based on the difference between the time-scales of the two effects. Because of high UV-induced loss in FBGs, the thermal contribution to the RIC is increased, in comparison with previously published work, where no grating was written in the fiber amplifier. The measurement method allows us to find the sign of each contribution to the RIC, and it requires only a few centimeters of fiber. Optimal pumping scheme for reducing the RIC in a YB-FBG is studied.
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27
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Marathe CS, Drogemuller CJ, Marathe JA, Loudavaris T, Hawthorne WJ, O'Connell PJ, Radford T, Kay TWH, Horowitz M, Coates PT, Torpy DJ. Islet cell transplantation in Australia: screening, remote transplantation, and incretin hormone secretion in insulin independent patients. Horm Metab Res 2015; 47:16-23. [PMID: 25350521 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1389941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Islet cell transplantation has emerged as a treatment modality for type 1 diabetes in the last 15 years due to the Edmonton protocol leading to consistent and sustained exogenous insulin independence post-transplantation. In recent years, consortia that involve both local and remote islet cell centers have been established, with local centers responsible for processing and shipping of islet cells, and remote centers only transplanting them. There are, however, few data on patient outcomes at remote centers. A tendency for high fasting glucose despite insulin independence was noted by us and others with an unknown mechanism. This review provides a brief history of islet cell transplantation, and focuses on the South Australian remote center experience: the challenges, screening criteria, and the impact on incretin hormone secretion of insulin independent transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Marathe
- Endocrine & Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - C J Drogemuller
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, and University of Adelaide at Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - J A Marathe
- Department of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - T Loudavaris
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - W J Hawthorne
- National Pancreas Transplant Unit, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - P J O'Connell
- National Pancreas Transplant Unit, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - T Radford
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, and University of Adelaide at Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - T W H Kay
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Horowitz
- Endocrine & Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - P T Coates
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, and University of Adelaide at Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D J Torpy
- Endocrine & Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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28
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Perano S, Rayner CK, Couper J, Martin J, Horowitz M. Cystic fibrosis related diabetes--a new perspective on the optimal management of postprandial glycemia. J Diabetes Complications 2014; 28:904-11. [PMID: 25060530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As the average life expectancy of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) improves, the long term co-morbidities assume increasing importance. CF related diabetes (CFRD) has adverse effects on both nutrition and pulmonary function, and is associated with increased mortality. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism in CF represent a continuum; however the predominant abnormality is postprandial, not pre-prandial, glycemia. Insulin is currently recommended as the treatment of choice for CFRD, but its use is associated with a number of limitations, including hypoglycemia. Both the rate of gastric emptying and the consequent release of the 'incretin' hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1), from the gut are important determinants of overall glycemic control, particularly postprandial glycemia. Both are abnormal in conditions associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Incretin based therapies that have the capacity to slow gastric emptying and/or modulate the release of 'incretin' hormones, are now used widely in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This paper explores the determinants of glycemic control in CF, with a particular focus on the roles of gastric emptying and 'incretin' hormones, providing a rationale for the use of therapies that delay gastric emptying, including incretin mimetics, to minimize postprandial glycemia and improve nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Perano
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - C K Rayner
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Couper
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Martin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Horowitz
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
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29
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Cardoso S, Samillan V, Werneck M, Pereira P, Quispe M, Romeo L, Horowitz M. Enhanced SpO
2
in Response to Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxia in a Patient (Case Study) with COPD (LB787). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.lb787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Cardoso
- Centro DE Medicina Preventiva Araruama, RJBrazil
- San Pedro UnivLimaPeru
| | - V Samillan
- San Pedro UnivLimaPeru
- Pharmacology (Retired) Univ TNMemphisTNUnited States
| | - M Werneck
- Univ. Federal COPPE Rio DE JaneiroBrazil
| | - P Pereira
- Centro DE Medicina Preventiva Araruama, RJBrazil
| | | | - L Romeo
- Faculade DE Medicina Univ Federal Fluminense FluminenseBrazil
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Summers MJ, DI Bartolomeo AE, Zaknic AV, Chapman MJ, Nguyen NQ, Zacharakis B, Rayner CK, Horowitz M, Deane AM. Endogenous amylin and glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations are not associated with gastric emptying in critical illness. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2014; 58:235-42. [PMID: 24410108 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In health, the hormones amylin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) slow gastric emptying (GE) and modulate glycaemia. The aims of this study were to determine amylin and GLP-1 concentrations in the critically ill and their relationship with GE, glucose absorption and glycaemia. METHODS In fasted critically ill and healthy subjects (n = 26 and 23 respectively), liquid nutrient, containing 100 mg (13) C-sodium octanoate and 3 g 3-O-methlyglucose (3-OMG), was administered via a nasogastric tube. Amylin, GLP-1, glucose and 3-OMG concentrations were measured in blood samples taken during fasting, and 30 min and 60 min after the 'meal'. Breath samples were taken to determine gastric emptying coefficient (GEC). Intolerance to intragastric feeding was defined as a gastric residual volume of ≥ 250 ml and/or vomiting within the 24 h prior to the study. RESULTS Although GE was slower (GEC: critically ill 2.8 ± 0.9 vs. health, 3.4 ± 0.2; P = 0.002), fasting blood glucose was higher (7.0 ± 1.9 vs. 5.7 ± 0.2 mmol/l; P = 0.005) and overall glucose absorption was reduced in critically ill patients (3-OMG: 9.4 ± 8.0 vs. 17.7 ± 4.9 mmol/l.60 min; P < 0.001), there were no differences in fasting or postprandial amylin concentrations. Furthermore, although fasting [1.7 (0.4-7.2) vs. 0.7 (0.3-32.0) pmol/l; P = 0.04] and postprandial [3.0 (0.4-8.5) vs. 0.8 (0.4-34.3) pmol/l; P = 0.02] GLP-1 concentrations were increased in the critically ill and were greater in feed intolerant when compared with those tolerating feed [3.7 (0.4-7.2) vs. 1.2 (0.7-4.6) pmol/l; P = 0.02], there were no relationships between GE and fasting amylin or GLP-1 concentrations. CONCLUSION In the critically ill, fasting GLP-1, but not amylin, concentrations are elevated and associated with feed intolerance. Neither amylin nor GLP-1 appears to substantially influence the rate of GE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Summers
- Intensive Care Unit, Level 4, Emergency Services Building, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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31
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Soenen S, Giezenaar C, Horowitz M, Ryan A, Chapman I, Luscombe-Marsh N. Effects of intraduodenally infused protein on suppression of energy intake in older and young individuals. Eur Geriatr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2013.07.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Deane AM, Horowitz M. Dysglycaemia in the critically ill - significance and management. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15:792-801. [PMID: 23368662 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia frequently occurs in the critically ill, in patients with diabetes, as well as those who were previously glucose-tolerant. The terminology 'stress hyperglycaemia' reflects the pathogenesis of the latter group, which may comprise up to 40% of critically ill patients. For comparable glucose concentrations during acute illness outcomes in stress hyperglycaemia appear to be worse than those in patients with type 2 diabetes. While several studies have evaluated the optimum glycaemic range in the critically ill, their interpretation in relation to clinical recommendations is somewhat limited, at least in part because patients with stress hyperglycaemia and known diabetes were grouped together, and the optimum glycaemic range was regarded as static, rather than dynamic, phenomenon. In addition to hyperglycaemia, there is increasing evidence that hypoglycaemia and glycaemic variability influence outcomes in the critically ill adversely. These three categories of disordered glucose metabolism can be referred to as dysglycaemia. While stress hyperglycaemia is most frequently managed by administration of short-acting insulin, guided by simple algorithms, this does not treat all dysglycaemic categories; rather the use of insulin increases the risk of hypoglycaemia and may exacerbate variability. The pathogenesis of stress hyperglycaemia is complex, but hyperglucagonaemia, relative insulin deficiency and insulin resistance appear to be important. Accordingly, novel agents that have a pathophysiological rationale and treat hyperglycaemia, but do not cause hypoglycaemia and limit glycaemic variability, are appealing. The potential use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (or its agonists) and dipeptyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Deane
- Department of Critical Care Services, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia.
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33
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Ma J, Checklin HL, Wishart JM, Stevens JE, Jones KL, Horowitz M, Meyer JH, Rayner CK. A randomised trial of enteric-coated nutrient pellets to stimulate gastrointestinal peptide release and lower glycaemia in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1236-42. [PMID: 23471488 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESES Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an important mediator of postprandial glycaemia, could potentially be stimulated by delivering small quantities of nutrient to a long length of distal gut. We aimed to determine whether enteric-coated pellets, releasing small amounts of lauric acid throughout the ileum and colon, could reduce glycaemic responses to meals in type 2 diabetes, associated with stimulation of GLP-1. METHODS Eligible patients, who had type 2 diabetes controlled by diet or metformin, were each studied on two occasions in a hospital setting. After an overnight fast, patients consumed 5 g active pellets (47% lauric acid by weight) or placebo with breakfast (T = 0 min) and lunch (T = 240 min), in a crossover design with order randomised by the hospital pharmacy and allocation concealed by numbered containers. Patients and investigators making measurements were blinded to the intervention. Blood was sampled frequently for blood glucose (the primary outcome) and hormone assays. RESULTS Eight patients were randomised (four to receive either intervention first), and all completed the study without adverse effects. Blood glucose was lower after breakfast (T = 0-240 min, area under the curve (AUC) 2,075 ± 368 vs 2,216 ± 163 mmol/l × min) and lunch (T = 240-480 min, AUC 1,916 ± 115 vs 2,088 ± 151 mmol/l × min) (p = 0.02 for each) after active pellets than after placebo. Plasma GLP-1 concentrations were higher after breakfast (p = 0.08) and lunch (p = 0.04) for active pellets. While there were no differences in insulin or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations, glucagon concentrations were higher after breakfast and lunch (p = 0.002 for each) for active pellets. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Delivering small amounts of nutrient to the ileum and colon can stimulate substantial endogenous GLP-1 release and attenuate postprandial glycaemia. This novel approach has therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000600842. FUNDING The study was funded by Meyer Nutriceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ma
- Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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34
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Wu T, Bound MJ, Standfield SD, Gedulin B, Jones KL, Horowitz M, Rayner CK. Effects of rectal administration of taurocholic acid on glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY secretion in healthy humans. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013. [PMID: 23181598 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), secreted by enteroendocrine L-cells located most densely in the colon and rectum, are of fundamental importance in blood glucose and appetite regulation. In animal models, colonic administration of bile acids can stimulate GLP-1 and PYY by TGR5 receptor activation. We evaluated the effects of taurocholic acid (TCA), administered as an enema, on plasma GLP-1 and PYY, as well as gastrointestinal sensations in 10 healthy male subjects, and observed that rectal administration of TCA promptly stimulated secretion of both GLP-1 and PYY, and increased fullness, in a dose-dependent manner. These observations confirm that topical application of bile acids to the distal gut may have potential for the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wu
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
AIM To evaluate the prognosis of diabetic gastroparesis. METHODS Eighty-six patients with diabetes had measurements of gastric emptying of a mixed meal using a dual isotope test of solid and liquid meal components, mean blood glucose levels, HbA1c , upper gastrointestinal symptoms and autonomic nerve function performed in 1984-1989. These patients were followed up in 2011, after a mean period of ~25 years. RESULTS Of the 86 patients, gastric emptying of solid (the percentage remaining in the stomach at 100 min) was delayed in 35 (41%), and of liquid (the time taken for 50% of the liquid to empty) was delayed in 38 (44%). In 2011, 53 patients were known to be alive, 29 had died and four were lost to follow-up. In those who had died, both age at baseline (P < 0.001) and the score for autonomic nerve dysfunction (P < 0.001) were greater than those who were alive, while there was no difference in emptying of either the solid or liquid between the two groups. When patients with delayed gastric emptying were divided according to the median value ('delayed' and 'markedly delayed'), mortality tended to be greater in the 'markedly delayed' group for both solids (P = 0.12) and liquids (P = 0.09). Of the 82 patients who could be followed up, 23 of the 35 (66%) with delayed gastric emptying of solid and 25 of 38 (66%) with delayed gastric emptying of liquid were alive. After adjustment for age and autonomic dysfunction, there was no association between gastric emptying of either solid or liquid and death. CONCLUSIONS Over a period of ~25 years, diabetic gastroparesis is apparently not usually associated with a poor prognosis, or increased mortality. ABBREVIATIONS T100 min, the percentage remaining in the stomach at 100 mins; T50%, the time taken for 50% of the liquid to empty.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chang
- University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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36
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Cardoso S, Samillan V, Pereira P, Werneck M, Quispe M, Amaral M, Romeo J, Rozeira C, Horowitz M. Response to altitude and intermittent normobaric hypoxia (INH). FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.938.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Cardoso
- Centro de Medicina PreventivaAraruamaBrazil
| | | | - P Pereira
- Centro de Medicina PreventivaAraruamaBrazil
| | - M Werneck
- Universidade Federal Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - M Amaral
- Centro de Medicina PreventivaAraruamaBrazil
| | - J Romeo
- Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal FluminenseBrazil
| | - C Rozeira
- Centro de Medicina PreventivaAraruamaBrazil
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37
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Sim JA, Horowitz M, Summers MJ, Trahair LG, Goud RS, Zaknic AV, Hausken T, Fraser JD, Chapman MJ, Jones KL, Deane AM. Mesenteric blood flow, glucose absorption and blood pressure responses to small intestinal glucose in critically ill patients older than 65 years. Intensive Care Med 2013; 39:258-66. [PMID: 23096428 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-012-2719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare nutrient-stimulated changes in superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow, glucose absorption and glycaemia in individuals older than 65 years with, and without, critical illness. METHODS Following a 1-h 'observation' period (t (0)-t (60)), 0.9 % saline and glucose (1 kcal/ml) were infused directly into the small intestine at 2 ml/min between t (60)-t (120), and t (120)-t (180), respectively. SMA blood flow was measured using Doppler ultrasonography at t (60) (fasting), t (90) and t (150) and is presented as raw values and nutrient-stimulated increment from baseline (Δ). Glucose absorption was evaluated using serum 3-O-methylglucose (3-OMG) concentrations during, and for 1 h after, the glucose infusion (i.e. t (120)-t (180) and t (120)-t (240)). Mean arterial pressure was recorded between t (60)-t (240). Data are presented as median (25th, 75th percentile). RESULTS Eleven mechanically ventilated critically ill patients [age 75 (69, 79) years] and nine healthy volunteers [70 (68, 77) years] were studied. The magnitude of the nutrient-stimulated increase in SMA flow was markedly less in the critically ill when compared with healthy subjects [Δt (150): patients 115 (-138, 367) versus health 836 (618, 1,054) ml/min; P = 0.001]. In patients, glucose absorption was reduced during, and for 1 h after, the glucose infusion when compared with health [AUC(120-180): 4.571 (2.591, 6.551) versus 11.307 (8.447, 14.167) mmol/l min; P < 0.001 and AUC(120-240): 26.5 (17.7, 35.3) versus 40.6 (31.7, 49.4) mmol/l min; P = 0.031]. A close relationship between the nutrient-stimulated increment in SMA flow and glucose absorption was evident (3-OMG AUC(120-180) and ∆SMA flow at t (150): r (2) = 0.29; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In critically ill patients aged >65 years, stimulation of SMA flow by small intestinal glucose infusion may be attenuated, which could account for the reduction in glucose absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Sim
- Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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38
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Nguyen N, Debreceni T, Burgstad C, Bellon M, Wishart J, Wittert G, Rayner C, Horowitz M. Whey protein pre-load attenuates post-prandial hyperglycaemia and slows carbohydrate absorption in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Nguyen N, Debreceni T, Burgstad C, Neo M, Wittert G, Rayner C, Horowitz M, Young R. Relationship between intestinal sweet taste receptor expression, post-prandial glycaemia and glucose absorption in morbidly obese subjects. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Stevens JE, Horowitz M, Deacon CF, Nauck M, Rayner CK, Jones KL. The effects of sitagliptin on gastric emptying in healthy humans - a randomised, controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:379-90. [PMID: 22738299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of gastric emptying (GE) and subsequent release of the incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are critical determinants of postprandial glycaemia in health and type 2 diabetes. Slowing of GE may be the dominant mechanism by which exogenous GLP-1, and some GLP-1 analogues, improve postprandial glycaemia. AIM To determine the effect of sitagliptin on GE in healthy subjects, and the relationships between GE with glycaemia and incretin hormone secretion. METHODS Fifteen volunteers (22.8 ± 0.7 years) were studied on two occasions following 2 days dosing with sitagliptin (100 mg/day) or placebo. GE (scintigraphy), glycaemia and plasma GLP-1 and GIP (total and intact), insulin and glucagon were measured for 240 min following a mashed potato meal (1808 kJ). RESULTS There was no difference in GE between sitgaliptin and placebo [50% emptying time (T50): P = 0.4]. Mean blood glucose was slightly less (P = 0.02) on sitagliptin. Sitagliptin reduced plasma glucagon between 75 and 120 min (P < 0.05), and increased intact GLP-1 (P = 0.0002) and intact GIP (P = 0.0001) by approximately twofold, but reduced total GIP (P = 0.0003) and had no effect on total GLP-1 (P = 0.16) or insulin (P = 0.75). On sitagliptin the initial rise in blood glucose (r = -0.66, P = 0.008) and the intact GIP response (r = -0.66, P = 0.007) were inversely related, whereas the intact GLP-1 response was related directly (r = 0.52, P = 0.05) to the T50. CONCLUSIONS While the effects of sitagliptin on glycaemic control are unlikely to relate to slowing of GE in healthy humans, the rate of GE is a significant determinant of postprandial glycaemia on sitagliptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Stevens
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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41
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Ma J, Pilichiewicz AN, Feinle-Bisset C, Wishart JM, Jones KL, Horowitz M, Rayner CK. Effects of variations in duodenal glucose load on glycaemic, insulin, and incretin responses in type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2012; 29:604-8. [PMID: 22004512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and the 'incretin effect' have been reported to be deficient in Type 2 diabetes, but most studies have not controlled for variations in the rate of gastric emptying. We evaluated blood glucose, and plasma insulin, GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) responses to intraduodenal glucose in Type 2 diabetes, and compared these with data from healthy controls. METHODS Eight males with well-controlled Type 2 diabetes, managed by diet alone, were studied on four occasions in single-blind, randomized order. Blood glucose, and plasma insulin, GLP-1, and GIP were measured during 120-min intraduodenal glucose infusions at 1 kcal/min (G1), 2 kcal/min (G2) and 4 kcal/min (G4) or saline control. RESULTS Type 2 patients had higher basal (P < 0.0005) and incremental (P < 0.0005) blood glucose responses to G2 and G4, when compared with healthy controls. In both groups, the stimulation of insulin and GLP-1 by increasing glucose loads was not linear; responses to G1 and G2 were minimal, whereas responses to G4 were much greater (P < 0.005 for each) (incremental area under the GLP-1 curve 224 ± 65, 756 ± 331 and 2807 ± 473 pmol/l.min, respectively, in Type 2 patients and 373 ± 231, 505 ± 161 and 1742 ± 456 pmol/l.min, respectively, in healthy controls). The GLP-1 responses appeared comparable in the two groups. In both groups there was a load-dependent increase in plasma GIP with no difference between them. CONCLUSIONS In patients with well-controlled Type 2 diabetes, blood glucose, insulin and GLP-1 responses are critically dependent on the small intestinal glucose load, and GLP-1 responses are not deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ma
- University of Adelaide, Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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Kempler P, Amarenco G, Freeman R, Frontoni S, Horowitz M, Stevens M, Low P, Pop-Busui R, Tahrani AA, Tesfaye S, Várkonyi T, Ziegler D, Valensi P. Management strategies for gastrointestinal, erectile, bladder, and sudomotor dysfunction in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27:665-77. [PMID: 21748841 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There are substantial advances in understanding disordered gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction in diabetes. It occurs frequently. The underlying pathogenesis is complex involving defects in multiple interacting cell types of the myenteric plexus as well. These defects may be irreversible or reversible. Gastrointestinal symptoms represent a major and generally underestimated source of morbidity for escalating health care costs in diabetes. Acute changes in glycaemia are both determinants and consequences of altered gastrointestinal motility. 35-90% of diabetic men have moderate-to-severe erectile dysfunction (ED). ED shares common risk factors with CVD. Diagnosis is based on medical/sexual history, including validated questionnaires. Physical examination and laboratory testing must be tailored to patient's complaints and risk factors. Treatment is based on PDE5-inhibitors (PDE5-I). Other explorations may be useful in patients who do not respond to PDE5-I. Patients at high cardiovascular risk should be stabilized by their cardiologists before sexual activity is considered or ED treatment is recommended. Estimates on bladder dysfunction prevalence are 43-87% of type 1 and 25% of type 2 diabetic patients, respectively. Common symptoms include dysuria, frequency, urgency, nocturia and incomplete bladder emptying. Diagnosis should use validated questionnaire for lower urinary tract symptoms. The type of bladder dysfunction is readily characterized with complete urodynamic testing. Sudomotor dysfunction is a cause of dry skin and is associated with foot ulcerations. Sudomotor function can be assessed by thermoregulatory sweat testing, quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test, sympathetic skin response, quantitative direct/indirect axon reflex testing and the indicator plaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kempler
- I Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Chapman MJ, Besanko LK, Burgstad CM, Fraser RJ, Bellon M, O'Connor S, Russo A, Jones KL, Lange K, Nguyen NQ, Bartholomeusz F, Chatterton B, Horowitz M. Gastric emptying of a liquid nutrient meal in the critically ill: relationship between scintigraphic and carbon breath test measurement. Gut 2011; 60:1336-43. [PMID: 21450697 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2010.227934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is assumed that delayed gastric emptying (GE) occurs frequently in critical illness; however, the prevalence of slow GE has not previously been assessed using scintigraphy. Furthermore, breath tests could potentially provide a convenient method of quantifying GE, but have not been validated in this setting. The aims of this study were to (i) determine the prevalence of delayed GE in unselected, critically ill patients and (ii) evaluate the relationships between GE as measured by scintigraphy and carbon breath test. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Mixed medical/surgical intensive care unit. PATIENTS 25 unselected, mechanically ventilated patients (age 66 years (49-72); and 14 healthy subjects (age 62 years (19-84)). INTERVENTIONS GE was measured using scintigraphy and (14)C-breath test. A test meal of 100 ml Ensure (standard liquid feed) labelled with (14)C octanoic acid and (99m)Technetium sulphur colloid was placed in the stomach via a nasogastric tube. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Gastric 'meal' retention (scintigraphy) at 60, 120, 180 and 240 min, breath test t(50) (BTt(50)), and GE coefficient were determined. RESULTS Of the 24 patients with scintigraphic data, GE was delayed at 120 min in 12 (50%). Breath tests correlated well with scintigraphy in both patients and healthy subjects (% retention at 120 min vs BTt(50); r(2)=0.57 healthy; r(2)=0.56 patients; p≤0.002 for both). CONCLUSIONS GE of liquid nutrient is delayed in approximately 50% of critically ill patients. Breath tests correlate well with scintigraphy and are a valid method of GE measurement in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Chapman
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia.
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Okusaga O, Adles EJ, Levy EC, Zhou W, Carter GM, Menyuk CR, Horowitz M. Spurious mode reduction in dual injection-locked optoelectronic oscillators. Opt Express 2011; 19:5839-5854. [PMID: 21451609 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.005839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) are promising sources of low phase noise radio frequency (RF) signals. However, at X-band frequencies, the long optical fiber delay line required for a high oscillator Q also leads to spurious modes (spurs) spaced too narrowly to be filtered by RF filters. The dual injection-locked OEO (DIL-OEO) has been proposed as a solution to this problem. In this work, we describe in detail the construction of a DIL-OEO. We also present experimental data from our systematic study of injection-locking in DIL-OEOs. With this data, we optimize the DIL-OEO, achieving both low phase noise and low spurs. Finally, we present data demonstrating a 60 dB suppression of the nearest-neighbor spur without increasing the phase noise within 1 kHz of the 10 GHz central oscillating mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Okusaga
- US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland, USA.
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Stevens JE, Gilja OH, Gentilcore D, Hausken T, Horowitz M, Jones KL. Measurement of gastric emptying of a high-nutrient liquid by 3D ultrasonography in diabetic gastroparesis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23:220-5, e113-4. [PMID: 21087356 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric emptying (GE) is delayed in 30-50% of patients with longstanding diabetes. Scintigraphy represents the 'gold standard' for measurement of GE, but is associated with a radiation burden. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography has recently been demonstrated to provide a valid measure of liquid GE in healthy subjects; however, the technique has not been validated in patients with gastroparesis. The primary aim of this study was to compare measurements of GE of a high-nutrient glucose drink by 3D ultrasonography and scintigraphy in diabetic gastroparesis. METHODS Ten patients (eight type 1, two type 2, 6M, 4F, aged 46.1 ± 4.5 years, BMI 29.1 ± 1.6 kg m(-2), duration 19.6 ± 3.3 years) with diabetic gastroparesis [defined as retention at 100 min of solid (100 g minced beef) ≥ 61% and/or 50% emptying time (T50) of liquid (150 mL 10% dextrose) ≥ 31 min], were studied. Concurrent measurements of GE by scintigraphy and 3D ultrasonography were performed following ingestion of 75 g glucose in 300 mL water labeled with 20 MBq (99m) Tc-sulfur colloid. KEY RESULTS There was no significant difference in GE between the two techniques (T50s: scintigraphy - 103.3 ± 10.0 min VS 3D ultrasonography - 98.8 ± 10.4 min; P = 0.60). There was a significant correlation between scintigraphic and ultrasonographic T50s (r = 0.67, P = 0.03). The limits of agreement for the T50s were -57.22 min and +48.22 min (mean difference -4.5 min). Blood glucose after the drink was greater when GE was relatively more rapid (e.g. at t = 60 min; scintigraphy: r = -0.65, P = 0.04; 3D ultrasonography: r = -0.78, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Three-dimensional ultrasonography appears to provide a valid, and non-invasive, measure of GE of high-nutrient liquids in diabetic gastroparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Stevens
- Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Chapman M, Deane A, Di Bartolemeo A, Zaknic A, Summers M, Nguyen N, Besanko L, Burgstad C, Horowitz M. Glucose absorption following gastric and small intestinal nutrient administration in the critically ill. Crit Care 2011. [PMCID: PMC3068316 DOI: 10.1186/cc9807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
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Brennan IM, Seimon RV, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Otto B, Horowitz M, Feinle-Bisset C. Effects of acute dietary restriction on gut motor, hormone and energy intake responses to duodenal fat in obese men. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 35:448-56. [PMID: 20680017 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous patterns of energy intake influence gastrointestinal function and appetite, probably reflecting changes in small-intestinal nutrient-mediated feedback. Obese individuals consume more fat and may be less sensitive to its gastrointestinal and appetite-suppressant effects than lean individuals. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hypothesis that, in obese individuals, the effects of duodenal fat on gastrointestinal motor and hormone function, and appetite would be enhanced by a short period on a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD). METHODS Eight obese men (body mass index 34±0.6 kg m(-2)) were studied on two occasions, before (V1), and immediately after (V2), a 4-day VLCD. On both occasions, antropyloroduodenal motility, plasma cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide-YY (PYY) and ghrelin concentrations, and appetite perceptions were measured during a 120-min intraduodenal fat infusion (2.86 kcal min(-1)). Immediately afterwards, energy intake was quantified. RESULTS During V2, basal pyloric pressure and the number and amplitude of isolated pyloric pressure waves (PWs) were greater, whereas the number of antral and duodenal PWs was less, compared with V1 (all P<0.05). Moreover, during V2, baseline ghrelin concentration was higher; the stimulation of PYY and suppression of ghrelin by lipid were greater, with no difference in CCK concentration; and hunger and energy intake (kJ; V1: 4378±691, V2: 3634±700) were less (all P<0.05), compared with V1. CONCLUSIONS In obese males, the effects of small-intestinal lipid on gastrointestinal motility and some hormone responses and appetite are enhanced after a 4-day VLCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Brennan
- University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Fuchs-Telem D, Stewart H, Rapaport D, Nousbeck J, Gat A, Gini M, Lugassy Y, Emmert S, Eckl K, Hennies HC, Sarig O, Goldsher D, Meilik B, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Horowitz M, Sprecher E. CEDNIK syndrome results from loss-of-function mutations in SNAP29. Br J Dermatol 2011; 164:610-6. [PMID: 21073448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CEDNIK (cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis and keratoderma) syndrome is a rare genodermatosis which was shown 5 years ago in one family to be associated with a loss-of-function mutation in SNAP29, encoding a member of the SNARE family of proteins. Decrease in SNAP29 expression was found to result in abnormal lamellar granule maturation leading to aberrant epidermal differentiation and ichthyosis. OBJECTIVES To delineate the molecular consequences of disease-causing mutations in SNAP29. METHODS We used direct sequencing, in vitro mutagenesis and three-dimensional organotypic cell cultures. RESULTS We identified a novel homozygous insertion in SNAP29 (c.486insA) in two sibs presenting with ichthyosis and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. In vitro transfection experiments indicated that this mutation results in SNAP29 loss-of-function. Further substantiating this notion, we could replicate histological features typical for CEDNIK syndrome in three-dimensional primary human keratinocyte organotypic cell cultures downregulated for SNAP29. CONCLUSIONS The identification of a second mutation in SNAP29 in the present study definitely establishes a causal relationship between defective function of SNAP29 and the pleiotropic manifestations of CEDNIK syndrome. Our present and previous data position SNAP29 as an essential component of the epidermal differentiation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fuchs-Telem
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous hormones secreted by the gut, during both the fasted state and in response to a meal, influence gastrointestinal motor and/or sensory function, and appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of delayed gastric emptying associated with gastroparesis, functional dyspepsia (FD) and feed intolerance in critical illness. Gut hormones are, accordingly, potential targets for the management of these patients. PURPOSE This article will discuss the hypersensitivity to enteral fat and endogenous (nutrient-stimulated) and exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) in patients with FD, and the elevation in both fasting and postprandial CCK levels evident in this group. It will review the use of pharmacological agonists of motilin and ghrelin, which accelerate gastric emptying, in the management of gastroparesis and FD. The frequent finding of markedly delayed gastric emptying in the critically ill will be examined; this is associated with elevated plasma CCK and peptide YY in both the fasted and postprandial states, which may account for the increase in small intestinal nutrient inhibitory feedback on gastric motility in this group. The concepts that the rate of gastric emptying is a major determinant of postprandial glycemic excursions in diabetes, and that modulation of gastric emptying may improve glycemic control, will be addressed; in type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients, co-ordination of insulin administration with nutrient delivery and absorption should be optimized, while type 2 patients who are not on insulin are likely to respond to dietary and/or pharmacological interventions which slow gastric emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Khoo
- Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Fleyer M, Horowitz M, Feldtser A, Smulakovsky V. Multi-rate synchronous optical undersampling of several bandwidth-limited signals. Opt Express 2010; 18:16929-16945. [PMID: 20721083 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.016929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally an optical system for undersampling several bandwidth-limited signals with carrier frequencies that are not known apriori and can be located within a broad frequency region of 0-20 GHz. The system is based on undersampling synchronously at three different rates. The optical undersampling down-converts the entire system bandwidth into a low frequency region called baseband. The synchronous sampling at several rates enables to accurately reconstruct signals even in cases in which different signals overlap in the baseband region of all sampling channels. Reconstruction of three simultaneously generated chirped signals, each with a bandwidth of about 200 MHz, was experimentally demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fleyer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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