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Kim SY, Hong GS, Lee JH, Lee CW, Chung WJ, Kim S. Utility of cranial MRI in non-traumatic headache patients with prior negative head CT within 1 month. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:189-196. [PMID: 38092644 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the importance of additional cranial magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) in non-traumatic headache patients with a prior negative head computed tomography (CT) examination within 1 month. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study analysed 162 adult patients with non-traumatic headache who underwent cMRI within 1 month of a negative initial head CT at the emergency department (ED). The diagnostic yield and false-referral rate were analysed according to the revisit duration (early [≤1 week] versus late [>1-4 weeks] revisits), patient care settings (ED versus outpatient clinics [OPC]), and clinical variables. Subsequent patient management change (PMC), such as admission and treatment (AT) or outpatient clinic treatment (OT), were also investigated. RESULTS The overall diagnostic yield of cMRI was 17.3% (28/162) and the false-referral rate was 1.2% (2/162). The diagnostic yield of cMRI was significantly different according to the patient care settings (ED, 24.7% [21/85] versus OPC, 9.1% [7/77]; p=0.02). The diagnostic yield was highest in the ED-early-revisit group (25.4% [18/71]), 45% (9/20) in those with systemic signs, and 46.7% (14/30) in those with symptom change. Among patients with positive cMRI findings, 90% (27/30) received AT and 3.3% (1/30) received OT. Among OPC-revisit-negative cMRI patients, PMC occurred in 0% (0/50). CONCLUSION The diagnostic yield of cMRI was relatively high for headache patients who revisited the ED earlier, especially in those with systemic signs or symptom change. Most positive cMRI cases experienced PMC. Negative cMRI in OPC-revisit patients might help clarify the benign nature of a condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G S Hong
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C W Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W J Chung
- Department of Health Screening and Promotion Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee CW. Application of Metaverse Service to Healthcare Industry: A Strategic Perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph192013038. [PMID: 36293609 PMCID: PMC9602592 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study is to explore a state of the art in metaverse service that is an emerging issue in applying it to the healthcare industry. The purpose of this study is to provide applicable strategic scenarios for effective metaverse service planning and implementation in healthcare settings. This study is focused on metaverse service as a business model. Thus, related literatures of metaverse service are reviewed in various aspects in healthcare industry. An exploratory approach is used to analyze current qualitative data characterizing healthcare metaverse service business positions and derive applicable strategies from business trends of current metaverse services. Several cases are examined based on the data obtained from various sources of healthcare and other related industries. This study synthesizes finding results and suggests applicable strategies of metaverse service in the healthcare industry. This study will facilitate strategic decision-making and policy-making processes to pursue a business opportunity development through an application of a metaverse service in healthcare and similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Won Lee
- Healthcare MBA Track and School of Business, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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Seo SM, Kim SJ, Kwon O, Brilakis ES, Yoon YH, Lee KS, Kim TO, Lee PH, Kang SJ, Kim YH, Lee CW, Park SW, Lee SW. Intravascular ultrasound-guided optimization for chronic total occlusion-percutaneous coronary intervention with multiple drug-eluting stents. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Multiple stenting in the chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions is frequently required, however associated with poorer clinical outcomes. It is demonstrated that intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided CTO-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is related to a lower risk of adverse clinical events.
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of stent optimization under IVUS guidance for multiple stenting, comparing with single stenting.
Methods
A total of 916 patients receiving drug-eluting stent (DES) under IVUS guidance were classified into two groups (stent optimization and non-optimization) according to optimization criteria (an absolute expansion criteria; minimal stent area ≥4.9 mm2 and a relative expansion criteria; 80% of mean reference lumen area). Of total population, 314 patients (34.3%) were treated with single stent and 575 patients (62.7%) were treated with multiple stents, respectively. Ischemic-driven target-lesion revascularization (TLR)/reocclusion was evaluated.
Results
Under IVUS guidance, 316 patients (34.5%) met IVUS criteria for stent optimization The achieving rates were 53% in the single stent group and 24% in the multiple stents group, respectively, (p<0.001). During a median of 4.7 years, the multiple stent group showed a significantly higher TLR/reocclusion rate, compared with the single stent group (12.8% vs. 5.2%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–5.25, p=0.01). (Figure 1) Meeting both the absolute and relative expansion criteria was associated with a significantly low rate of TLR/reocclusion rate (12.5% vs. 5.2%, adjusted HR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15–0.79, p=0.01). Under IVUS-guidance, there was no significant difference between multiple stenting and single stenting in case of achieving the optimization criteria (6.5% vs. 4.2%, p=0.11), whereas non-optimization group in the patients with multiple stenting showed a significantly higher rate of TLR/reocclusion, compared with IVUS-optimization group in the patients with single stenting (14.5% vs. 4.2%, p=0.002). (Figure 2)
Conclusions
In CTO-PCI with DES, multiple stenting significantly increased the risk of TLR/reocclusion. IVUS-guided optimization for multiple stenting showed a comparable long-term risk of TLR/reocclusion to single stenting with IVUS optimization. Hence, achieving IVUS expansion criteria may help to reduce the risk of TLR/reocclusion in CTO-PCI with multiple DES overlapping.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Seo
- Eunpyeoung St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Kim
- Eunpyeoung St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - O Kwon
- Eunpyeoung St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E S Brilakis
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation , Minneapolis , United States of America
| | - Y H Yoon
- Sejong Chungnam National University Hospital , Sejong , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K S Lee
- Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital , Daejeon , Korea (Republic of)
| | - T O Kim
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - P H Lee
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Kang
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Kim
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - C W Lee
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Park
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Lee
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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Ryang S, Kim SS, Bae JC, Han JM, Kwon SK, Kim YI, Nam‐Goong IS, Kim ES, Kim M, Lee CW, Yoo S, Koh G, Kwon MJ, Park JH, Kim IJ. A double-blind, Randomized controlled trial on glucose-lowering EFfects and safety of adding 0.25 or 0.5 mg lobeglitazone in type 2 diabetes patients with INadequate control on metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy: REFIND study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1800-1809. [PMID: 35581902 PMCID: PMC9541308 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the efficacy and safety of adding low-dose lobeglitazone (0.25 mg/day) or standard-dose lobeglitazone (0.5 mg/day) to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with inadequate glucose control on metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4) inhibitor therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this phase 4, multicentre, double-blind, randomized controlled, non-inferiority trial, patients with T2DM insufficiently controlled by metformin and DPP4 inhibitor combination therapy were randomized to receive either low-dose or standard-dose lobeglitazone. The primary endpoint was non-inferiority of low-dose lobeglitazone in terms of glycaemic control, expressed as the difference in mean glycated haemoglobin levels at week 24 relative to baseline values and compared with standard-dose lobeglitazone, using 0.5% non-inferiority margin. RESULTS At week 24, the mean glycated haemoglobin levels were 6.87 ± 0.54% and 6.68 ± 0.46% in low-dose and standard-dose lobeglitazone groups, respectively (p = .031). The between-group difference was 0.18% (95% confidence interval 0.017-0.345), showing non-inferiority of the low-dose lobeglitazone. Mean body weight changes were significantly greater in the standard-dose group (1.36 ± 2.23 kg) than in the low-dose group (0.50 ± 1.85 kg) at week 24. The changes in HOMA-IR, lipid profile and liver enzyme levels showed no significant difference between the groups. Overall treatment-emergent adverse events (including weight gain, oedema and hypoglycaemia) occurred more frequently in the standard-dose group. CONCLUSIONS Adding low-dose lobeglitazone to metformin and DPP4 inhibitor combination resulted in a non-inferior glucose-lowering outcome and fewer adverse events compared with standard-dose lobeglitazone. Therefore, low-dose lobeglitazone might be one option for individualized strategy in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soree Ryang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University HospitalPusan National University School of MedicineBusanSouth Korea
- Biomedical Research InstitutePusan National University HospitalBusanSouth Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University HospitalPusan National University School of MedicineBusanSouth Korea
- Biomedical Research InstitutePusan National University HospitalBusanSouth Korea
| | - Ji Cheol Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon HospitalSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineChangwonSouth Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon HospitalSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineChangwonSouth Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel HospitalKosin University College of MedicineBusanSouth Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University HospitalUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineUlsanSouth Korea
| | - Il Seong Nam‐Goong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University HospitalUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineUlsanSouth Korea
| | - Eun Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University HospitalUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineUlsanSouth Korea
| | - Mi‐kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik HospitalCollege of Medicine, Inje UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Internal MedicineBusan St. Mary's HospitalBusanSouth Korea
| | - Soyeon Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University HospitalJeju National University School of MedicineJejuSouth Korea
| | - Gwanpyo Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University HospitalJeju National University School of MedicineJejuSouth Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik HospitalCollege of Medicine, Inje UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Park
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik HospitalCollege of Medicine, Inje UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University HospitalPusan National University School of MedicineBusanSouth Korea
- Biomedical Research InstitutePusan National University HospitalBusanSouth Korea
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Lee CW, Kim IS, Kim JG, Hwang H, Jung IY, Lee SU, Seo KS. Effects of Hydrodilatation With Corticosteroid Injection and Biomechanical Properties in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis After Breast Cancer Surgery. Ann Rehabil Med 2022; 46:192-201. [PMID: 36071001 PMCID: PMC9452287 DOI: 10.5535/arm.22059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the biomechanical properties of the glenohumeral joint capsule between adhesive capsulitis (AC) after breast cancer surgery and idiopathic AC and demonstrate the effects of hydrodilatation (HD) with corticosteroid injection for AC after breast cancer surgery. Methods Twenty-three prospective patients with AC after breast cancer surgery (BC group) and 44 retrospective patients with idiopathic AC without breast cancer (CON group) underwent HD with corticosteroid injection and home exercise training. We compared their biomechanical characteristics (capsular capacity, maximal pressure, and capsular stiffness). In the BC group, the passive range of motion (ROM) of the affected shoulder and a questionnaire (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index [SPADI]) were evaluated at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks after treatment. Results The BC group showed higher biomechanical characteristics (maximal pressure and capsular stiffness) than did the CON group. The mean maximal pressure and capsular stiffness were 519.67±120.90 mmHg and 19.69±10.58 mmHg/mL in the BC group and 424.78±104.42 mmHg and 11.55±7.77 mmHg/mL in the CON group (p=0.002 and p=0.001, respectively). And, the BC group showed significant improvements in all ROMs (abduction, flexion, and external rotation) and the SPADI pain and disability sub-scores following the treatment. Conclusion The glenohumeral joint capsular stiffness was greater in the patients with AC after breast cancer surgery than in those with idiopathic AC. HD with corticosteroid injection was effective in treating AC after breast cancer surgery.
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Kim SC, Kim HJ, Park GE, Lee CW, Synytsya A, Capek P, Park YI. Sulfated Glucuronorhamnoxylan from Capsosiphon fulvescens Ameliorates Osteoporotic Bone Resorption via Inhibition of Osteoclastic Cell Differentiation and Function In Vitro and In Vivo. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2022; 24:690-705. [PMID: 35796894 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive osteoclast differentiation and/or bone resorptive function causes a gradual loss of bone, leading to the pathogenesis of bone diseases such as osteoporosis (OP). In this study, a sulfated glucuronorhamnoxylan polysaccharide (designated SPS-CF) of the green alga Capsosiphon fulvescens was evaluated for anti-osteoporotic activity using osteoclastic cells differentiated from RAW264.7 macrophages by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) treatment and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice as a postmenopausal OP model. With negligible cytotoxicity, SPS-CF (50 μg/mL) significantly suppressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, actin ring formation, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), cathepsin K, TRAF6, p-Pyk2, c-Cbl, c-Src, gelsolin, carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), and integrin β3, indicating that SPS-CF inhibits the differentiation and bone resorptive function of osteoclasts. Removal of sulfate groups from SPS-CF abolished its anti-osteoclastogenic activities, demonstrating that sulfate groups are critical for its activity. Oral administration of SPS-CF (400 mg/kg/day) to OVX mice significantly augmented the bone mineral density (BMD) and serum osteoprotegerin (OPG)/RANKL ratio. These results demonstrated that SPS-CF exerts significant anti-osteoporotic activity by dampening osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via downregulation of TRAF6-c-Src-Pyk2-c-Cbl-gelsolin signaling and augmentation of serum OPG/RANKL ratios in OVX mice, suggesting that SPS-CF can be a novel anti-osteoporotic compound for treating postmenopausal OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Cheol Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Eun Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Andriy Synytsya
- Department of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, 6, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Capek
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Yong Il Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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Kim YJ, Lee JM, Lee CW, Chung CH, Lee JH, Ko SH, Cho DH, Lee JH, Cho HC, Kim SS, Kim CH, Won JC, Park TS. Analysis of clinical phenotypes of neuropathic symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter study. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1852-1860. [PMID: 35779248 PMCID: PMC9623523 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction We investigated the classification of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) patients by subjective symptoms, and identification of the relationship between the patterns and intensities of symptoms and the clustered groups of DPN patients. Materials and Methods This multicenter study analyzed epidemiological data and sensory symptoms of 649 patients with DPN. Cluster analysis was carried out to identify subgroups of patients with characteristic symptom profiles. Factor analysis was carried out to investigate the symptom patterns of the clustered groups of DPN patients. Results Three clusters of patients with DPN were identified: severe symptoms with decreased quality of life (cluster 1, n = 119, 18.3%), predominantly insensate symptoms with relatively good quality of life (cluster 2, n = 318, 49.0%), and moderate pain intensity and decreased quality of life (cluster 3, n = 204, 31.4%). The frequency of symptoms on each item of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument questionnaire showed a similar distribution according to pain intensities along with the three clusters. Conclusions Our study supports the hypothesis that diversity in sensory symptoms exists in patients with DPN. Heterogeneity in DPN patients should be taken into account for a more stratified or individualized treatment approach. Based on a multicenter study, we identified three clusters of patients with DPN. Our research supports the hypothesis that diversity in sensory symptoms exists in patients with DPN. Heterogeneity in DPN patients should be taken into account for a more stratified or individualized treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University Medical School-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang
| | - Seung Hyun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon
| | - Dong Hyeok Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu
| | - Ho Chan Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan
| | - Chong Hwa Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon
| | - Jong Chul Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Tae Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University Medical School-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju
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Kim DH, Park J, Lee CW, Lee SY. Natural aging course of lumbar extensor muscle mass and strength in community-dwelling older women: a 1-year prospective observational study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:2099-2105. [PMID: 35668336 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the loss of skeletal limb muscle mass and muscle strength in the elderly have been demonstrated, the aging process of the back muscles to maintain core stability is not well known. This 1-year prospective observational study aimed to investigate the natural aging course of the lumbar extensor muscles (LEMs) compared with the extremity muscles and determine whether muscle strength or mass decreases more in community-dwelling older women. METHODS Twenty-four older urban-dwelling women aged 70 years or older were initially enrolled. Their demographic variables, conventional and spinal sarcopenia indices, and functional outcome parameters were evaluated. We also measured back extensor strength, radiological parameters for spinal sagittal balance on whole-spine radiography, and volumetric parameters of the LEM on computed tomography. RESULTS After the exclusion of 6 subjects, 18 older women were finally analyzed. All variables related to extremity muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and LEM volume declined over the study period, but the changes were insignificant. However, back extensor strength decreased significantly (median, first, and third quartile: 35.20 [30.80, 44.00] N to 31.40 [29.25, 37.90] N, P = 0.026). Among spinal sagittal balance-related parameters, lumbar lordosis (44.25 [39.30, 47.35]° to 43.15 [31.43, 45.75]°, P = 0.043) and sagittal vertical axis (33.85 [3.57, 58.75] mm to 45.15 [25.35, 58.68] mm, P = 0.004) showed significant changes during the study. CONCLUSIONS When the natural aging course of LEM in women aged 70 years or older was observed for 1 year, muscle mass decreased less than back extensor strength and spinal sagittal balance. Measurements of back extensor strength and spinal sagittal balance are necessary for the clinical evaluation of spinal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea.
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Lee CW, Galvan E, Lee TV, Chen VCW, Bui S, Crouse SF, Fluckey JD, Smith SB, Riechman SE. Low Intake of Choline Is Associated with Diminished Strength and Lean Mass Gains in Older Adults. J Frailty Aging 2022; 12:78-83. [PMID: 36629089 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2022.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Choline is an essential micronutrient for many physiological processes related to exercise training including biosynthesis of acetylcholine. Though dietary choline intake has been studied in relation to endurance training and performance, none have studied it during resistance exercise training (RET) in older adults. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between choline intake and muscle responses to RET in older adults. METHODS Forty-six, 60-69-year-old individuals (M=19, F=27) underwent 12 weeks of RET (3x/week, 3 sets, 8-12 reps, 75% of maximum strength [1RM], 8 exercises). Body composition (DEXA) and 1RM tests were performed before and after training. After analyzing 1,656 diet logs (3x/week, 46 participants, 12 weeks), participants' mean choline intakes were categorized into three groups: Low (2.9-5.5 mg/kg lean/d), Med-Low (5.6-8.0 mg/kg lean/d), or Adequate (8.1-10.6 mg/kg lean/d). These correspond to <50%, ~63%, and ~85% of Adequate Intake (AI) for choline, respectively. RESULTS Gains in composite strength (leg press + chest press 1RM) were significantly lower in the Low group compared with the other groups (Low: 30.9 ± 15.1%, Med-Low: 70.3 ± 48.5%, Adequate: 81.9 ± 68.4%; p=0.004). ANCOVA with cholesterol, protein, or other nutrients did not alter this result. Reduced gains in lean mass were also observed in the Low group, compared with higher choline intake of 5.6-10.6 mg/kg lean/d (1.3 ± 0.6% vs. 3.2 ± 0.6%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION These data suggest that this population of older adults does not consume adequate choline and lower choline intake is negatively and independently associated with muscle responses to RET.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Lee
- Chang Woock Lee, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Kinesiology, College of Education and Health Professions, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, TX 77901, USA,
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Ree J, Kim JI, Lee CW, Lee J, Kim HJ, Kim SC, Sohng JK, Park YI. Quinizarin suppresses the differentiation of adipocytes and lipogenesis in vitro and in vivo via downregulation of C/EBP-beta/SREBP pathway. Life Sci 2021; 287:120131. [PMID: 34767806 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Potential anti-obesity effects of quinizarin, a plant anthraquinone, were investigated using 3 T3-L1 preadipocyte cells and high-fat diet (HD)-induced obese mice. MAIN METHOD Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. Triglyceride (TG) and lipid accumulation were determined using a TG assay kit and Oil Red O staining, respectively. Adipogenic, lipogenic, and lipolytic gene and protein expression was measured by RT-PCR or Western blot. Serum biochemical indices, including cholesterol and blood glucose, in HD-fed obese mice were determined using corresponding assay kits. Histological analysis was performed with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS Quinizarin (0-10 μM) significantly reduced intracellular TG and lipid droplets during the differentiation of preadipocytes. Quinizarin significantly suppressed the expression of adipocyte differentiation marker proteins, such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBP-β), C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, and aP2, and lipogenic marker proteins, including SREBP1c, SREBP2, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), reduced ACC2 expression and increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) expression. Oral administration of quinizarin (15-30 mg/kg/day) to HD-fed mice for 6 weeks reduced the body weight gain and size of liver adipocytes and epididymal fat tissues, with significant reductions in liver TG and serum total cholesterol, blood glucose, LDL, and HDL levels. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study indicated that quinizarin exerts anti-obesity effects by inhibiting both adipogenesis and lipogenesis and stimulating lipolysis in vitro and in vivo mainly by downregulating the SREBP signalling pathway; thus, it might be a potent candidate as a health-beneficial food or therapeutic agent to prevent or treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ree
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Il Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Il Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Mantelakis A, Spiers H, Lee CW, Chambers A, Joshi A. 70 Availability of Personal Protective Equipment in NHS Hospitals During COVID-19: A National Survey. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The continuous supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) in the National Health Service (NHS) is paramount in order to sustain a safe level of staffing and to reduce transmission of COVID-19 to patients, public and staff.
Method
A 16-question survey was created to assess the availability and personal thoughts of healthcare professionals regarding PPE supply in England. The survey was distributed via social media (Facebook © and Twitter ©) to all UK COVID-19 healthcare professional groups, with responses collected over 3 weeks in March 2020 during the beginning of the pandemic.
Results
A total of 121 responses from physicians in 35 different hospitals were collected (105 inpatient wards, 16 from intensive care units). In inpatient wards, eye and face protection were unavailable to 19.1% of respondents. Masks were available to 97.7% of respondents and gloves in all respondents (100%). Body protection was available primarily as a plastic apron (83.8%). All of respondents working in intensive care had access to full-body PPE, except FFP3 respirator masks (available in 87.5%). PPE is ‘Always’ available for 29.8% of all respondents, and ‘Never’ or ‘Almost Never’ in 11.6%. There was a statistically significant difference between London and non-London responders that ‘Always’ had PPE available (43.9% versus 19.0%, p = 0.003).
Conclusions
This is the first survey to evaluate PPE supply in England during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our survey demonstrated an overall lack of PPE volume supply in the UK, with preferential distribution in London. Eye and full body protection are in most lack of supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mantelakis
- Guys and St Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - H Spiers
- Addinbrookes NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C W Lee
- Newcastle Upon Thyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - A Chambers
- University College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Joshi
- Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Moon JS, Suh S, Kim SS, Jin HY, Kim JM, Jang MH, Lee KA, Lee JH, Chung SM, Lyu YS, Kim JH, Kim SY, Jang JE, Kim TN, Kim SW, Jeon E, Cho NH, Kim MK, Kim HS, Nam-Goong IS, Kim ES, Chung JO, Cho DH, Lee CW, Kim YI, Chung DJ, Won KC, Kim IJ, Park TS, Kim DK, Shon H. Efficacy and Safety of Treatment with Quadruple Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multi-Center, Retrospective, Observational Study. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:675-683. [PMID: 32794385 PMCID: PMC8497923 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only few studies have shown the efficacy and safety of glucose-control strategies using the quadruple drug combination. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of the quadruple combination therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS From March 2014 to December 2018, data of patients with T2DM, who were treated with quadruple hypoglycemic medications for over 12 months in 11 hospitals in South Korea, were reviewed retrospectively. We compared glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels before and 12 months after quadruple treatment with OHAs. The safety, maintenance rate, and therapeutic patterns after failure of the quadruple therapy were also evaluated. RESULTS In total, 357 patients were enrolled for quadruple OHA therapy, and the baseline HbA1c level was 9.0%±1.3% (74.9±14.1 mmol/mol). After 12 months, 270 patients (75.6%) adhered to the quadruple therapy and HbA1c was significantly reduced from 8.9%±1.2% to 7.8%±1.3% (mean change, -1.1%±1.2%; P<0.001). The number of patients with HbA1c <7% increased significantly from 5 to 68 (P<0.005). In addition, lipid profiles and liver enzyme levels were also improved whereas no changes in body weight. There was no significant safety issue in patients treated with quadruple OHA therapy. CONCLUSION This study shows the therapeutic efficacy of the quadruple OHA regimen T2DM and demonstrates that it can be an option for the management of T2DM patients who cannot use insulin or reject injectable therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Medical Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Heung Yong Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jeong Mi Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Hee Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung Ae Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung Min Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Sang Lyu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae Nyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eonju Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nan Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye Soon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Il Seong Nam-Goong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jin Ook Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeok Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyu Chang Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae Sun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Duk Kyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Medical Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hosang Shon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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13
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Lee CW, Grammatopoulou V, Bagwan I, Sunkaraneni V. Schwannoma of the sinonasal tract: case report with review of the literature. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 103:e216-e222. [PMID: 34019433 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.7104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwannomas of the sinonasal tract are rare, accounting for <4% of head and neck schwannomas. We report the case of a 61-year-old male who presented with unilateral nasal symptoms. Examination and imaging revealed a unilateral polyp at the level of the middle turbinate, with an initial biopsy suggestive of an inflammatory polyp. Due to the persistence of the patient's symptoms and his polyp despite medical therapy, endoscopic nasal polypectomy was performed. The histology surprisingly showed a schwannoma. No further interventions were carried out, and the patient remains disease-free 6 months postoperatively. A review of the literature comprising 60 cases is included. An optimal clinical approach to the investigation and management of schwannomas of the sinonasal tract is subsequently discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Lee
- Royal Surrey County Hospital, UK
| | | | - I Bagwan
- Royal Surrey County Hospital, UK
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14
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Lee CW, Yoo JS, Cho HK. Multi-scale simulation of wall film condensation in the presence of non-condensable gases using heat structure-coupled CFD and system analysis codes. Nuclear Engineering and Technology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Eiber CD, Delbeke J, Cardoso J, de Neeling M, John SE, Won Lee C, Skefos J, Sun A, Prodanov D, McKinney Z. Preliminary Minimum Reporting Requirements for In-Vivo Neural Interface Research: I. Implantable Neural Interfaces. IEEE Open J Eng Med Biol 2021; 2:74-83. [PMID: 33997788 PMCID: PMC8118094 DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2021.3060919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The pace of research and development in neuroscience, neurotechnology, and neurorehabilitation is rapidly accelerating, with the number of publications doubling every 4.2 years. Maintaining this progress requires technological standards and scientific reporting guidelines to provide frameworks for communication and interoperability. The present lack of such neurotechnology standards limits the transparency, repro-ducibility, and meta-analysis of this growing body of literature, posing an ongoing barrier to research, clinical, and commercial objectives. Continued neurotechnological innovation requires the development of some minimal standards to promote integration between this broad spectrum of technologies and therapies. To preserve design freedom and accelerate the translation of research into safe and effective technologies with maximal user benefit, such standards must be collaboratively co-developed by the full range of neuroscience and neurotechnology stakeholders. This paper summarizes the preliminary recommendations of IEEE P2794 Standards Working Group, developing a Reporting Standard for in-vivo Neural Interface Research (RSNIR).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Cardoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal
| | | | - Sam E John
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | | | | | - Argus Sun
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | | | - Zach McKinney
- BioRobotics Institute and Center for Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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16
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Kim EH, Kim SS, Kim DJ, Choi YS, Lee CW, Ku BJ, Cha KS, Song KH, Kim DK, Kim IJ. A prospective cohort study on effects of gemigliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (OPTIMUS study). Sci Rep 2020; 10:19033. [PMID: 33149182 PMCID: PMC7642439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the long-term cardiovascular safety of gemigliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). After screening, eligible patients with T2DM were enrolled, received gemigliptin, and were followed up for a median of 2.50 years. The primary outcome was a composite of confirmed cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal ischemic stroke (3-point major adverse cardiovascular event [MACE]). The key secondary outcomes were incidence of all-cause mortality and any other cardiovascular events. A total of 5179 patients were included in the study and 5113 were treated with gemigliptin. Overall, the primary outcome occurred in 26 patients within 12 months (estimated incidence by Cox proportional hazard model 0.49%, 95% CI 0.29–0.69%) and in 54 patients within 54 months (estimated incidence from Cox proportional hazard model 1.35%, 95% CI 0.92–1.77%). During the study period, the incidence rates of each component of the primary composite outcome were 0.04% (0.2 events per 1000 person-years) for cardiovascular death, 0.51% (2.2 events per 1000 person-years) for nonfatal myocardial infarction, and 0.61% (2.5 events per 1000 person-years) for nonfatal ischemic stroke. The incidence of all-cause mortality was 0.82% (3.2 events per 1000 person-years) and the incidences of other cardiovascular events were all less than 0.3%. In conclusion, T2DM patients who received gemigliptin exhibited a low incidence of the primary composite MACE and all-cause mortality. Therefore, the use of gemigliptin is expected to be safe without an increase in cardiovascular risk. Trial registration: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02290301).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Heui Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Ho Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kyeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Kim JM, Kim SS, Kim IJ, Kim JH, Kim BH, Kim MK, Lee SH, Lee CW, Kim MC, Ahn JH, Kim J. Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor for risk of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the REBOUND study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:143. [PMID: 32962704 PMCID: PMC7510263 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the benefit of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) as a noninvasive marker of arterial stiffness for the prediction of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This multicenter prospective observational study analyzed 2308 patients with type 2 diabetes between 2008 and 2018. The patients were categorized according to the quartiles of baPWV. Cause of mortality was determined using death certificates and patient clinical records. We estimated proportional mortality rates from all causes, cardiovascular, cancer, and other causes among adults with diabetic status according to their baPWV. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Results There were 199 deaths (8.6%) in the study population during a median follow-up duration of 8.6 years. When baPWV was assessed as quartiles, a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 5.39, P < 0.001), cardiovascular-mortality (HR = 14.89, P < 0.001), cancer-mortality (HR = 5.42, P < 0.001), and other-cause mortality (HR = 4.12, P < 0.001) was found in quartile 4 (Q4, ≥ 1830 cm/s) than in quartiles 1–3 (Q1–3). Adding baPWV to baseline model containing conventional risk factors such as age, sex, diabetes duration, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, smoking, and insulin improved the risk prediction for all-cause (net reclassification index (NRI) = 49%, P < 0.001) and cause-specific (cardiovascular NRI = 28%, P = 0.030; cancer NRI = 55%, P < 0.001; other-cause NRI 51%, P < 0.001) mortality. Conclusion This long-term, large-scale, multicenter prospective observational cohort study provide evidence that increased arterial stiffness, as measured by baPWV, predicts the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in type 2 diabetes, supporting the prognostic utility of baPWV. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), KCT 0005010. Retrospectively Registered May 12, 2020. https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01.jsp?seq=16677
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Mi Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, South Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, South Korea.
| | - In Joo Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, South Korea.
| | - Jong Ho Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Isam Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Soon Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, South Korea
| | - Min Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsin Christian Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyeob Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Good Moonhwa Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jinmi Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Trial Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
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18
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Beyene TJ, Lee CW, Lossie G, El-Gazzar MM, Arruda AG. Poultry Professionals' Perception of Participation in Voluntary Disease Mapping and Monitoring Programs in the United States: A Cluster Analysis. Avian Dis 2020; 65:67-76. [PMID: 34339125 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development and implementation of disease mapping and monitoring programs can be useful tools for rapid communication and control of endemic and epidemic infectious diseases affecting the food animal industry. Commercial livestock producers have traditionally been reluctant to share information related to animal health, challenging the large-scale implementation of such monitoring and mapping programs. The main objective of this study was to assess the perception of poultry professionals toward disease mapping and monitoring programs and to identify groups of poultry professionals with similar perceptions and attitudes toward these projects. We conducted a survey to identify the perceived risks and benefits to be able to properly address them and encourage industry participation in the future. An anonymous online survey was developed and distributed to poultry professionals through industry and professional associations. The participant's demographic information and perceptions of risk and benefits from participation on voluntary poultry disease mapping and monitoring programs were collected. Multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering on principal components were performed to identify groups of professionals with similar characteristics. A total of 63 participants from 21 states filled out the survey. The cluster analysis yielded two distinct groups of respondents, each including approximately 50% of respondents. Cluster 1 subjects could be characterized as optimistic, perceiving major benefits of sharing farm-level poultry disease information. However, they also had major concerns, mostly related to potential accidental data release and providing competitive advantages to rival companies. Cluster 2 subjects were characterized as perceiving a lesser degree of benefits from sharing farm-level poultry disease information. This second cluster mostly included production and service technicians. The roles and perceptions of risk and benefits of the participants contributed significantly to cluster assignment, while the represented commodity and geographic location in the United States did not. Successful development of voluntary poultry disease mapping and monitoring programs in the future will require that different sectors of poultry professionals be approached in different manners in order to highlight the benefits of the programs and to achieve maximum participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Beyene
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - C W Lee
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210.,Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691
| | - G Lossie
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN
| | - M M El-Gazzar
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - A G Arruda
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210,
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19
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Khan ZH, Siddique A, Lee CW. Robotics Utilization for Healthcare Digitization in Global COVID-19 Management. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E3819. [PMID: 32481547 PMCID: PMC7312924 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the evolving role of robotics in healthcare and allied areas with special concerns relating to the management and control of the spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The prime utilization of such robots is to minimize person-to-person contact and to ensure cleaning, sterilization and support in hospitals and similar facilities such as quarantine. This will result in minimizing the life threat to medical staff and doctors taking an active role in the management of theCOVID-19 pandemic. The intention of the present research is to highlight the importance of medical robotics in general and then to connect its utilization with the perspective of COVID-19 management so that the hospital management can direct themselves to maximize the use of medical robots for various medical procedures. This is despite the popularity of telemedicine, which is also effective in similar situations. In essence, the recent achievement of the Korean and Chinese health sectors in obtaining active control of the COVID-19 pandemic was not possible without the use of state of the art medical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeashan Hameed Khan
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Air University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Afifa Siddique
- Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Healthcare MBA Track & School of Business, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
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Abstract
This exploratory study sought to identify relevant topics for financial education programs for Filipino Employment Permit System (EPS) workers in Korea. EPS workers are temporary migrant workers who return to their home countries after their contract of employment ends. The study reviewed existing financial education programs for migrants in Korea and the Philippines and collected primary data through surveys and focus group interviews to develop a suitable financial education program for Filipino EPS workers. The results revealed that Filipino EPS workers were passive users of Korean financial services and often lacked financial literacy. Also, they did not have much communication with their families in the Philippines about financial management. A forum about transnational financial education was organized to discuss the implications of the study findings and a pilot financial education program was developed.
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Kim JM, Kim SS, Kim JH, Kim MK, Kim TN, Lee SH, Lee CW, Park JY, Kim ES, Lee KJ, Choi YS, Kim DK, Kim IJ. Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone versus Glimepiride after Metformin and Alogliptin Combination Therapy: A Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter, Parallel-Controlled Study. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:67-77. [PMID: 31339011 PMCID: PMC7043969 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information regarding the optimal third-line therapy for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that is inadequately controlled using dual combination therapy. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of pioglitazone or glimepiride when added to metformin plus alogliptin treatment for T2DM. METHODS This multicenter, randomized, active-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02426294) recruited 135 Korean patients with T2DM that was inadequately controlled using metformin plus alogliptin. The patients were then randomized to also receive pioglitazone (15 mg/day) or glimepiride (2 mg/day) for a 26-week period, with dose titration was permitted based on the investigator's judgement. RESULTS Glycosylated hemoglobin levels exhibited similar significant decreases in both groups during the treatment period (pioglitazone: -0.81%, P<0.001; glimepiride: -1.05%, P<0.001). However, the pioglitazone-treated group exhibited significantly higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P<0.001) and significantly lower homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance values (P<0.001). Relative to pioglitazone, adding glimepiride to metformin plus alogliptin markedly increased the risk of hypoglycemia (pioglitazone: 1/69 cases [1.45%], glimepiride: 14/66 cases [21.21%]; P<0.001). CONCLUSION Among patients with T2DM inadequately controlled using metformin plus alogliptin, the addition of pioglitazone provided comparable glycemic control and various benefits (improvements in lipid profiles, insulin resistance, and hypoglycemia risk) relative to the addition of glimepiride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Mi Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae Nyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Soon Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
| | - Ja Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Kwang Jae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daedong Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Sik Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Duk Kyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A Medical Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
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Asis MM, Choi S, Won Lee C, Jeng HT, Chang JC. The Philippines–Korea and Philippines–Taiwan migration corridors: A comparison of recruitment systems and their outcomes*. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0117196819898069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Choi WI, Park SH, Dauti S, Park BJ, Lee CW. Interstitial lung disease and risk of mortality: 11-year nationwide population-based study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 22:100-105. [PMID: 29297433 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) constitute a substantial disease burden. Although ILD outcomes have been investigated, the risk of death due to ILD has not been studied in the light of confounders and comorbidities. In this nationwide, 11-year longitudinal, population-based study, we aimed to discover if ILD is an independent risk factor for mortality. DESIGN Data on 1 031 392 (2.2%) randomly selected subjects from 47 279 373 Korean residents were collected from the 2002 Korean National Health Insurance database. The ILD group comprised patients with an initial diagnosis of ILD between January 2003 and December 2007. Each patient was followed until 2013. We used Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to calculate the risk of death adjusted for comorbidities and confounders. RESULTS ILD developed in 783 of the 303 385 subjects during the 5-year period (51 per 100 000 person-years). Death occurred in 157 (23.2%) cases and 272 controls (10.4%). ILD was significantly associated with the risk of death (hazard ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-2.7) and for those aged 40-59, 60-69 and 70 years. A high proportion of patients with ILD died due to respiratory causes. CONCLUSION ILD patients had a significantly higher risk of death than matched controls, after adjustment for potential confounders and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-I Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - S Dauti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea, Department of Allergology, Hospital Serive of Kavaje, Albania
| | - B-J Park
- Department of Statistics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - C W Lee
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Sungso Hospital, Andong, Republic of Korea
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Huang WM, Lee CW, Sung SH, Chang HC. P923Feasibility of the transcatheter mitral valve repair as the rescue therapy for patients with severe mitral regurgitation and endangered heart failure. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
For those who carry high or prohibitive surgical risk, the transcatheter edge-to edge mitral valve repair using MitraClip has been a safe and effective treatment for severe mitral regurgitation (MR). In patients with severe MR and cardiogenic shock under hemodynamic supporting devices, emergent surgical mitral valve interventions carry extremely high risk for peri-operative morbidities and mortalities. The feasibility and efficacy of emergent MitraClip to rescue patients in critical conditions remains elucidate.
Methods
Patients with severe MR were evaluated by the heart team and those with high or prohibitive surgical risks were referred to receive MitraClip procedures. Emergent MitraClip were conducted in patients with unstable hemodynamics and under mechanical or inotropic support. The hemodynamic measures, transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, and blood tests were performed before MitraClip procedures. Procedural success was defined as having mild mitral regurgitation immediately after MitraClip, and patients were free from in-hospital mortality. Clinical and echocardiographic outcomes were followed by telephones and clinics.
Results
Among 50 consecutive patients (74.7±11.2 years, 74% male), 8 emergent MitraClip procedures were conducted to rescue patients with cardiogenic shock. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were used in 2 patients and intra-aortic balloon pump were applied in 4 patients (50%). The rest of 4 patients received continuous inotropic agent administration. Compare to those who underwent elective procedures, patients underwent emergent MitraClip had higher surgical risk profile (Euroscore II 34.8% vs 5.1% and STS score 19.7% vs 5.1%), poorer renal function and higher right atrial pressure. There was no peri-procedural death, myocardial infarction, stroke or any adverse events requiring emergent cardiac surgery in both groups. Mild mitral regurgitation was achieved in 87.5% patients from the emergent group and 95.2% patients in the elective group (P=0.514). In follow up, there were 5 deaths (three in the emergent group), including 2 non-cardiovascular deaths. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed patients who underwent emergent procedures have poorer long-term survival rate as compare to those who received elective procedures. (P value = 0.008).
Conclusions
When open-heart surgery is not feasible and deferred due to excessive risk, trans-catheter mitral valve repair is an alternative way to rescue patients in cardiogenic shock status. The emergent MitraClip procedure may provide comparable safety and efficacy in treating patients with severe MR and unstable hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Huang
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Cardiology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C W Lee
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Cardiology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S H Sung
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Cardiology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H C Chang
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Cardiology, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Lee PH, Park HB, Lee JS, Lee SW, Lee CW. P4733Risk of myocardial infarction with coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis of fifteen randomised trials. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It remains controversial whether coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is more effective in the prevention of myocardial infarction (MI). MI has been evaluated only as a secondary endpoint without a focused systematic review in multiple meta-analyses.
Purpose
To compare the risk of MI at the latest follow-up available between CABG versus PCI with stents in patients with multivessel or left main coronary artery disease in a pairwise meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT).
Methods
We searched EMBASE, Cochrane, and Pubmed databases for articles comparing CABG versus PCI for the treatment of multivessel or left main disease. We utilised random-effects model to calculate pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Fifteen trials with a total of 13,592 patients treated with either CABG (n=6,596) or PCI (n=6,996) were eligible and included. A multivariable random-effects meta-regression model, including variables such as age, sex, diabetes mellitus, publication year, follow-up duration, type of stent used, and type of coronary artery disease, was used to explore the source of potential heterogeneity of the primary result.
Results
After a weighted follow-up of 4.3 years, patients treated with CABG had a significantly lower risk of MI than patients treated with PCI (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58–0.96, P=0.024, I2=66%). The lower risk of MI with CABG as compared to PCI was more evident during a longer duration of follow-up (≥3 years, RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.52–0.91, P=0.008; ≥5 years, RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.48–0.86, P=0.003) and in diabetic population (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.44–0.70, P<0.001). There was a statistically meaningful trend toward fewer MIs with CABG with a similar magnitude of risk reduction across patients with left main disease (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.47–1.15) and multivessel disease (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53–0.99). Moderate inter-study heterogeneity could not be explained by the clinical and trial-based variables tested in meta-regression, and is likely because of differences in definitions of MI, risk profile of enrolled patients, and procedural specifics.
Forest plots
Conclusions
In patients undergoing revascularization for multivessel or left main disease, the risk of MI was lower with CABG compared to PCI. The quality assurance for MI definition and treatment-specific procedures should be emphasized for future RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H B Park
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - C W Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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Lee J, Jung I, Choi JW, Lee CW, Cho S, Choi TG, Sohn M, Park YI. Micronized and Heat-Treated Lactobacillus plantarum LM1004 Stimulates Host Immune Responses Via the TLR-2/MAPK/NF-κB Signalling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 29:704-712. [PMID: 30982316 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1812.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Although nanometric dead Lactobacillus plantarum has emerged as a potentially important modulator of immune responses, its underlying mechanism of action has not been fully understood. This study aimed to identify the detailed biochemical mechanism of immune modulation by micronized and heat-treated L. plantarum LM1004 (MHT-LM1004, <1 μm in size). MHT-LM1004 was prepared from L. plantarum LM1004 via culture in a specifically designed membrane bioreactor and heat treatment. MHT-LM1004 was shown to effectively induce the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 and the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). MHT-LM1004 enhanced the expression of TLR-2, phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK), and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in a dose-dependent manner. Oral administration of MHT-LM1004 (4 × 109 or 4 × 1011 cells/kg mouse body weight) increased the splenocyte proliferation and serum cytokine levels. These results suggested that MHT-LM1004 effectively enhances early innate immunity by activating macrophages via the TLR-2/MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway and that this pathway is one of the major routes in immune modulation by the Lactobacillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ji Won Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarang Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Minn Sohn
- LACTOMASON, Jinju 52840, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Il Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
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See JJ, Lee CW, Lew TWK. Anaesthetic Management of Planned or Emergency Endovascular Stent Graft Surgery for Thoracic Aneurysms and Dissections. Anaesth Intensive Care 2019; 32:510-8. [PMID: 15675211 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0403200408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed the intraoperative anaesthetic management and outcome of seven consecutive cases of endovascular stent graft surgery for thoracic aortic aneurysms or dissections over a period of 20 months in our institution. Seven males (median age 63) underwent endovascular stent graft surgery of the thoracic aorta under general anaesthesia. Four were emergency procedures for acute dissection or leaks of thoracic aneurysms. The duration of the procedures ranged from 120 to 300 minutes. Intraoperative stent migration occurred in one patient. Induced hypotension and immobilization were critical during stent deployment. Six out of the seven patients were discharged home between three to 20 days postoperatively. There was no 30-day mortality. One patient died sixty days postoperatively. Anaemia and respiratory complications were the most common postoperative problems encountered. None of the patients sustained spinal cord ischaemia, acute myocardial infarction or renal impairment. Endovascular stent graft surgery of the thoracic aorta is a relatively new alternative to conventional open surgery. Our experience suggests satisfactory short-term outcome even for patients with acute dissection. However, long-term survival and results require further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J See
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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Lee J, Lee S, Synytsya A, Capek P, Lee CW, Choi JW, Cho S, Kim WJ, Park YI. Low Molecular Weight Mannogalactofucans Derived from Undaria pinnatifida Induce Apoptotic Death of Human Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2018; 20:813-828. [PMID: 30159630 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight mannogalactofucans (LMMGFs) prepared by enzymatic degradation of high molecular weight Undaria galactofucan (MF) were evaluated for their anti-cancer effects against human prostate cancer. Correlation NMR and linkage analyses confirmed that LMMGFs consist mainly of α-fucose and β-galactose units: α-fucose units are 1,3-linked; β-galactose units are terminal, 1,3- and/or 1,6-linked; both sugars are partially sulphated, fucose at positions O-2 and/or O-4 and galactose at O-3. Mannose residue, as a minor sugar, presents as the 1,4-linked terminal units. LMMGFs more significantly induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and cell death via suppression of the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway than MF in human PC-3 prostate cancer cells. LMMGFs upregulated mRNA expression of death receptor-5 (DR-5), the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, the cleavage of caspases and PARP, the depolarisation of mitochondrial membrane potential, and ROS generation. LMMGFs (200-400 mg/kg) effectively reduced both tumour volume and size in a xenografted mouse model. These results demonstrated that LMMGFs attenuate the growth of human prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that LMMGFs can be used as a potent functional ingredient in health-beneficial foods or as a therapeutic agent to prevent or treat androgen-independent human prostate cancer. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Seul Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Andriy Synytsya
- Department of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Technology, University of Chemical Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Capek
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Sarang Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator (GBSA), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, South Korea
| | - Yong Il Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea.
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Dhakal S, Cheng X, Salcido J, Renu S, Bondra K, Lakshmanappa YS, Misch C, Ghimire S, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Hogshead B, Krakowka S, Carson K, McDonough J, Lee CW, Renukaradhya GJ. Liposomal nanoparticle-based conserved peptide influenza vaccine and monosodium urate crystal adjuvant elicit protective immune response in pigs. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6699-6715. [PMID: 30425484 PMCID: PMC6205527 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s178809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza (flu) is a constant threat to humans and animals, and vaccination is one of the most effective ways to mitigate the disease. Due to incomplete protection induced by current flu vaccines, development of novel flu vaccine candidates is warranted to achieve greater efficacy against constantly evolving flu viruses. Methods In the present study, we used liposome nanoparticle (<200 nm diameter)-based subunit flu vaccine containing ten encapsulated highly conserved B and T cell epitope peptides to induce protective immune response against a zoonotic swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) H1N1 challenge infection in a pig model. Furthermore, we used monosodium urate (MSU) crystals as an adjuvant and co-administered the vaccine formulation as an intranasal mist to flu-free nursery pigs, twice at 3-week intervals. Results Liposome peptides flu vaccine delivered with MSU adjuvant improved the hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer and mucosal IgA response against the SwIAV challenge and also against two other highly genetically variant IAVs. Liposomal vaccines also enhanced the frequency of peptides and virus-specific T-helper/memory cells and IFN-γ response. The improved specific cellular and mucosal humoral immune responses in adjuvanted liposomal peptides flu vaccine partially protected pigs from flu-induced fever and pneumonic lesions, and reduced the nasal virus shedding and viral load in the lungs. Conclusion Overall, our study shows great promise for using liposome and MSU adjuvant- based subunit flu vaccine through the intranasal route, and provides scope for future, pre-clinical investigations in a pig model for developing potent human intranasal subunit flu vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Xingguo Cheng
- Pharmaceuticals and Bioengineering Department, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238-0510, USA,
| | - John Salcido
- Pharmaceuticals and Bioengineering Department, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238-0510, USA,
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Kathy Bondra
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Yashavantha Shaan Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Christina Misch
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Shristi Ghimire
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Bradley Hogshead
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Steven Krakowka
- The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth Carson
- Pharmaceuticals and Bioengineering Department, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238-0510, USA,
| | - Joseph McDonough
- Pharmaceuticals and Bioengineering Department, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238-0510, USA,
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
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Rim CH, Lee CW, Heo YS, Aieng R, Jun SY, Choi SH, Rim JS. Common Illnesses in Tropical Asia and Significance of Medical Volunteering. Open Med (Wars) 2018; 13:285-293. [PMID: 30090865 PMCID: PMC6077925 DOI: 10.1515/med-2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to provide practical information for actual preparation of medical volunteering in tropical Asia, mainly the distribution of common illnesses encountered during mission. From 2012 to 2017, we visited two rural areas of Eastern Cambodia for medical volunteering missions, Cham Lak and Khsoem. Neither area has electricity or public water. We classified the common cases encountered during missions into six groups (upper respiratory infection, gastroenteritis, vaginitis and/or cystitis, dermatitis, work-related pain and parasite prevention) and assessed the distribution. In Cham Lak and Khsoem, 558 and 371 people were treated, respectively. The most commonly encountered cases in children under age of 18 were upper respiratory infection, followed by parasite control and dermatitis, in both areas. There was no significant difference in distribution between the two areas. For adults, the most common illnesses in Cham Lak area were vaginitis and/or cystitis, followed by gastroenteritis and work-related pain. In Khsoem area, the common illnesses were work-related pain followed by gastroenteritis, and upper respiratory infection. The distribution between the two areas differed significantly (p <0.001). The difference might be due to the water source and main crops of agriculture. Successful preparation of a medical volunteering needs deep understanding of the destination community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Hong Rim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young Soo Heo
- Department of Dermatology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sung Yeon Jun
- Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Ilsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Suk Rim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro 2-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
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Lee CW, Lee JS, Woo CW, Kim S. High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Metabolic Assessment of Acute Rejection After Cardiac Transplantation in Rats. Transplant Proc 2018; 49:1935-1941. [PMID: 28923651 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the potential of high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for metabolite characterization and the differentiation of acute rejection after heart transplantation in rat models. METHODS We transplanted syngeneic heart grafts from Lewis rats (n = 4) and allogeneic heart grafts from F344 rats (n = 4) heterotopically into Lewis recipients. On day 7 postoperatively, the transplanted hearts were harvested for ex vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy and HR-MAS 1H NMR spectroscopy. 1H NMR spectroscopy and HR-MAS 1H NMR spectroscopy were performed at 4.7 T and 11.7 T, respectively. Metabolomic profiles contributing to the differentiation of allogeneic and syngeneic graft groups were statistically assessed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS/O2PLS-DA). Metabolite concentrations were normalized by total spectral intensities and were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS One allogeneic graft that showed extensive necrotic change suggesting graft failure was excluded from the statistical analysis of the NMR spectroscopy. In the 4.7-T 1H NMR spectroscopy, the creatine peak was decreased in the allogeneic group. The PLS-DA and OPLS/O2PLS-DA score plot demonstrated good discrimination of the allogeneic graft group from syngeneic graft group. The concentrations of creatine, myo-inositol, glucose, niacinamide, hypoxanthine, inosine, and glutamine were significantly decreased in the allogeneic graft group, whereas the concentrations of glycine, phosphoethanolamine, xanthine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, leucine, valine, and tyrosine were significantly increased (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS HR-MAS 1H NMR spectroscopy can metabolically characterize the acute rejection of heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - C W Woo
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Dhakal S, Renu S, Ghimire S, Shaan Lakshmanappa Y, Hogshead BT, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Lu F, HogenEsch H, Krakowka S, Lee CW, Renukaradhya GJ. Mucosal Immunity and Protective Efficacy of Intranasal Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Is Improved by Chitosan Nanoparticle Delivery in Pigs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:934. [PMID: 29770135 PMCID: PMC5940749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Annually, swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) causes severe economic loss to swine industry. Currently used inactivated SwIAV vaccines administered by intramuscular injection provide homologous protection, but limited heterologous protection against constantly evolving field viruses, attributable to the induction of inadequate levels of mucosal IgA and cellular immune responses in the respiratory tract. A novel vaccine delivery platform using mucoadhesive chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) administered through intranasal (IN) route has the potential to elicit strong mucosal and systemic immune responses in pigs. In this study, we evaluated the immune responses and cross-protective efficacy of IN chitosan encapsulated inactivated SwIAV vaccine in pigs. Killed SwIAV H1N2 (δ-lineage) antigens (KAg) were encapsulated in chitosan polymer-based nanoparticles (CNPs-KAg). The candidate vaccine was administered twice IN as mist to nursery pigs. Vaccinates and controls were then challenged with a zoonotic and virulent heterologous SwIAV H1N1 (γ-lineage). Pigs vaccinated with CNPs-KAg exhibited an enhanced IgG serum antibody and mucosal secretory IgA antibody responses in nasal swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, and lung lysates that were reactive against homologous (H1N2), heterologous (H1N1), and heterosubtypic (H3N2) influenza A virus strains. Prior to challenge, an increased frequency of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation, and recall IFN-γ secretion by restimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in CNPs-KAg compared to control KAg vaccinates were observed. In CNPs-KAg vaccinated pigs challenged with heterologous virus reduced severity of macroscopic and microscopic influenza-associated pulmonary lesions were observed. Importantly, the infectious SwIAV titers in nasal swabs [days post-challenge (DPC) 4] and BAL fluid (DPC 6) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in CNPs-KAg vaccinates but not in KAg vaccinates when compared to the unvaccinated challenge controls. As well, an increased frequency of T helper memory cells and increased levels of recall IFNγ secretion by tracheobronchial lymph nodes cells were observed. In summary, chitosan SwIAV nanovaccine delivered by IN route elicited strong cross-reactive mucosal IgA and cellular immune responses in the respiratory tract that resulted in a reduced nasal viral shedding and lung virus titers in pigs. Thus, chitosan-based influenza nanovaccine may be an ideal candidate vaccine for use in pigs, and pig is a useful animal model for preclinical testing of particulate IN human influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Shristi Ghimire
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Bradley T Hogshead
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Fangjia Lu
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Steven Krakowka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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Kim BH, Jang JS, Kwon YS, Kim JH, Kim IJ, Lee CW. High Brachial Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as a Marker for Predicting Coronary Artery Stenosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2018; 33:88-96. [PMID: 29589390 PMCID: PMC5874200 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2018.33.1.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the ability of brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) to predict coronary artery stenosis (CAS) in patients with type 2 diabetes, and compared the predictive power of baPWV to that of well-known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk calculators. METHODS The study group included 83 consecutive patients over 30 years old with type 2 diabetes who complained of vague chest discomfort. An automatic pulse waveform analyzer was used to measure baPWV. CAS was measured using multi-slice computed tomographic (MSCT) angiography. RESULTS Age, maximal baPWV, duration of diabetes, current smoking, the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Risk Engine score, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) risk estimator score, the Framingham risk calculator score, and coronary artery calcium score were greater in patients with CAS than in those without CAS. An area under the curve (AUC) indicative of a predictive value for CAS (≥20%) was found for several parameters. The AUC of maximal baPWV, the UKPDS Risk Engine, the ACC/AHA ASCVD risk estimator, and the Framingham risk calculator were 0.672 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.554 to 0.785; P=0.010), 0.777 (95% CI, 0.675 to 0.878; P<0.001), 0.763 (95% CI, 0.660 to 0.866; P<0.001), and 0.736 (95% CI, 0.629 to 0.843; P<0.001), respectively. The optimal cutoff value of baPWV for the detection of CAS was 1,650 cm/sec (sensitivity, 68.9%; specificity, 63.2%). CONCLUSION Maximal baPWV was closely related with CAS detected by MSCT coronary angiography in patients with type 2 diabetes. baPWV has the potential to be a useful, noninvasive screening tool for the prediction of occult CAS in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Sik Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Seop Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - June Hyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea.
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Van Woudenberg C, Voorendonk EM, Bongaerts H, Zoet HA, Verhagen M, Lee CW, van Minnen A, De Jongh A. Effectiveness of an intensive treatment programme combining prolonged exposure and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for severe post-traumatic stress disorder. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2018; 9:1487225. [PMID: 30013726 PMCID: PMC6041781 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1487225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is room for improvement regarding the treatment of severe post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Intensifying treatment to increase patient retention is a promising development. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an intensive trauma-focused treatment programme over 8 days for individuals suffering from severe PTSD. Method: Treatment was provided for 347 PTSD patients (70% women; mean age = 38.32 years, SD = 11.69) and consisted of daily sessions of prolonged exposure and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy (16 sessions in total), physical activity, and psycho-education. All participants had experienced multiple traumas, including sexual abuse (74.4%), and suffered from multiple comorbidities (e.g. 87.5% had a mood disorder). Suicidal ideation was frequent (73.9%). PTSD symptom severity was assessed by both clinician-rated [Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS)] and self-report [PTSD Symptom Scale Self Report (PSS-SR) and Impact of Event Scale (IES)] inventories. For a subsample (n = 109), follow-up data at 6 months were available. Results: A significant decline in symptom severity was found (e.g. CAPS intention-to-treat sample Cohen's d = 1.64). At post-treatment, 82.9% showed a clinically meaningful response and 54.9% a loss of diagnosis. Dropout was very low (2.3%). Conclusions: Intensive trauma-focused treatment programmes including prolonged exposure, EMDR therapy, and physical activity can be effective for patients suffering from severe PTSD and are associated with low dropout rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E M Voorendonk
- Research Department, PSYTREC, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - H Bongaerts
- Research Department, PSYTREC, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - H A Zoet
- Research Department, PSYTREC, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - M Verhagen
- Research Department, PSYTREC, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - C W Lee
- Faculty of Health and Medial Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Psychology and Exercise Sciences, Murdoch University, Australia
| | - A van Minnen
- Research Department, PSYTREC, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A De Jongh
- Research Department, PSYTREC, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,School of Health Sciences, Salford University, Manchester, UK.,Institute of Health and Society, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
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Chiang CY, Lee CW, Tsai TC, Li CJ, Lee WH, Wu KH. Dynamic Internet-Mediated Team-Based Case Management of High-Frequency Emergency Department Users. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791402100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We assessed whether a strategy using dynamic, internet-mediated, team-based case management could reduce the number of subsequent emergency department (ED) visits by frequent ED users. Methods Patients who attended the ED three or more times within 72 hours in June 2010 were identified. These cases were divided into the pain management or chronic disease group according to their chief complaint. Patients were assessed by expert panels, and initial care plans were developed and posted on an internal website. Thereafter, each emergency physician could follow or adjust the care plans dynamically via the internal website according to the patient's condition and use the website to communicate results. Care plans were revised by the team according to the patient's clinical situation as it changed. Patient ED visits over the subsequent six months were monitored. Results Fourteen cases were enrolled in the study, seven in each group. The mean number of visits per patient per month in the pain management and chronic disease groups decreased from 14.9 to 5.79 (p=0.031) and 6.1 to 2.9 (p<0.001) visits per month after the intervention, respectively. The overall mean number of visits per patient per month decreased from 10.5 to 4.36 (p=0.004), a decrease of 6.14 visits (58.27%). Conclusions Dynamic internet-mediated team-based case management may help to reduce subsequent visits in patients who frequently visit the ED. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2014;21:161-166)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - CW Lee
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Liu KT, Lee CW. Clinical judgement perplexed by initially undisclosed use of herbal medicine and unexpected cross-reactivity of immunoassay. Malays J Pathol 2017; 39:189-192. [PMID: 28866703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of symptomatic bradycardia caused by consumption of a Chinese herbal medicine which was initially undisclosed to the attending emergency physician. The scientific name of the herb is Panax japonicus. Electrocardiogram revealed sinus bradycardia. Laboratory tests were normal except for the detection of a high serum digoxin level. Further interrogation of the patient eventually disclosed ingestion of the herb which, however, did not contain any digoxin. Other active ingredients in the herb include various types of ginsenoside. These are digoxin-like substances that had caused the observed false-positive detection of digoxin by fluorescence polarization immunoassay due to cross-reactivity. Our case-report provides an important insight about a blind-spot in the field of laboratory medicine (clinical pathology), namely, the false positive detection of digoxin due to crossreactivity in the immunoassay when we come across digoxin-like substances in clinical scenarios, which has barely received attention in the medical literature. It also conveys a clear educational message that with full understanding of the laboratory methodology and its mechanistic rationale there are actually some tricks-of-the-trade that allow us to optimize the specificity of the biochemical tests and the treatment of digoxin-like substances overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Liu
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Lee CW, Seo JY, Kim SL, Lee J, Choi JW, Park YI. Corn silk maysin ameliorates obesity in vitro and in vivo via suppression of lipogenesis, differentiation, and function of adipocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [PMID: 28646706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Present study was aimed to investigate the potential anti-obesity effects of maysin, a major flavonoid of corn silk, in vitro and in vivo using 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells and C57BL/6 mice. Maysin decreased the levels of intracellular lipid droplets and triglycerides (TG), and down-regulated the protein expression levels of C/EBP-β, C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, and aP2 in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells, suggesting that maysin inhibits lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation. In addition, maysin was shown to induce the apoptotic cell death in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells via activation of caspase cascades and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may ultimately lead to reduction of adipose tissue mass. Furthermore, oral administration of maysin (25mg/kg body weight) decreased weight gain and epididymal fat weight in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice. Administration of maysin also reduced serum levels of TG, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and glucose. Taken collectively, these results suggest for the first time that the purified maysin exerts an anti-obesity effect in vitro and in vivo. These observations may support the applicability of maysin as a potent functional ingredient in health-beneficial foods or as a therapeutic agent to prevent or treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Seo
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Korea
| | - Sun-Lim Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 441-857, Korea
| | - Jisun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Korea
| | - Yong Il Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Korea.
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Sung JH, Lee HW, Yoo JY, Yoon JW, Lee CW, Yang JM, Son YJ, Jang YH, Lee SK, Nam CH. 4.2 PW, 20 fs Ti:sapphire laser at 0.1 Hz. Opt Lett 2017; 42:2058-2061. [PMID: 28569844 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated the generation of 4.2 PW laser pulses at 0.1 Hz from a chirped-pulse amplification Ti:sapphire laser. The cross-polarized wave generation and the optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification stages were installed for the prevention of the gain narrowing and for the compensation of the spectral narrowing in the amplifiers, obtaining the spectral width of amplified laser pulses of 84 nm (FWHM), and enhancing the temporal contrast. The amplified laser pulses of 112 J after the final booster amplifier were compressed to the pulses with 83 J at 19.4 fs with a shot-to-shot energy stability of 1.5% (RMS). This 4.2 PW laser will be a workhorse for exploring high field science.
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Kim WJ, Choi JW, Jang WJ, Kang YS, Lee CW, Synytsya A, Park YI. Low-molecular weight mannogalactofucans prevent herpes simplex virus type 1 infection via activation of Toll-like receptor 2. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:286-293. [PMID: 28522392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight mannogalactofucans (LMMGFs, <4000g/mol) were prepared by the enzymatic degradation of Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll galactofucan (MF) and evaluated or their antiviral activities and underlying action mechanisms against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of LMMGFs and MF were 2.64 and 2.42μg/mL, respectively. LMMGFs inhibited the viral entry on the host cell surface and also exhibited inhibitory activity directly against viral particles, as observed in a virucidal assay. LMMGFs dose-dependently enhanced the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and stimulated the phosphorylation of Akt and JNK in Vero cells. These results clearly demonstrated that LMMGFs use TLR2 as their receptor, preventing HSV-1 infection on the host cell surface and antagonizing viral adsorption via TLR2 pathway activation in Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Korea; Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator(GBSA), Suwon, Gyeonngi-do 16229, Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Korea
| | - Won Jong Jang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Kon-Kuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Korea
| | - Andriy Synytsya
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, University of Chemical Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yong Il Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Korea.
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Dhakal S, Hiremath J, Bondra K, Lakshmanappa YS, Shyu DL, Ouyang K, Kang KI, Binjawadagi B, Goodman J, Tabynov K, Krakowka S, Narasimhan B, Lee CW, Renukaradhya GJ. Biodegradable nanoparticle delivery of inactivated swine influenza virus vaccine provides heterologous cell-mediated immune response in pigs. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.147.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Swine influenza virus (SwIV) causes considerable economic loss to pig industry, and some SwIV are zoonotic. This study was conducted to evaluate the cross-protective efficacy of PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated SwIV vaccine in pigs. Killed SwIV H1N2 (δ lineage) antigens (KAg) were encapsulated in PLGA NPs of 200–300 nm (PLGA-KAg NPs), and influenza antibody-free pigs were prime-boost vaccinated intranasally as mist and challenged using a heterologous, virulent and zoonotic SwIV H1N1 (γ lineage). PLGA-KAg NPs induced maturation of pig macrophages and dendritic cells in vitro. In vaccinated pigs, PLGA-KAg NPs induced antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation and enhanced the frequency of T-helper/memory cells and cytotoxic T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In virus challenged pigs, the PLGA-KAg NPs vaccine rescued virus induced clinical fever, reduced the gross lung pathology, reduced the virus load in the lung sections with complete clearance of the virus from the lungs of most of the pigs; but the nasal virus shedding was not reduced. Immunologically, at post-challenge day 6 in a recall response in PBMCs of PLGA KAg NPs vaccinated pigs, a significant increase in IFN-γ secreting T cells against both vaccine and challenge viruses were detected. However, humoral immune response in those pigs was not augmented. In conclusion, intranasal delivery of PLGA NPs based SwIV induced cross-protective response through specific cell-mediated response. Future studies are aimed at boosting the mucosal antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Kathryn Bondra
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Duan-Liang Shyu
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Kang Ouyang
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Kyung-il Kang
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Jonathan Goodman
- 2Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, USA
| | - Kairat Tabynov
- 3The Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Kazakhstan
| | - Steven Krakowka
- 4The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- 2Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, USA
| | - Chang Won Lee
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
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Dhakal S, Goodman J, Bondra K, Lakshmanappa YS, Hiremath J, Shyu DL, Ouyang K, Kang KI, Krakowka S, Wannemuehler MJ, Won Lee C, Narasimhan B, Renukaradhya GJ. Polyanhydride nanovaccine against swine influenza virus in pigs. Vaccine 2017; 35:1124-1131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dhakal S, Hiremath J, Bondra K, Lakshmanappa YS, Shyu DL, Ouyang K, Kang KI, Binjawadagi B, Goodman J, Tabynov K, Krakowka S, Narasimhan B, Lee CW, Renukaradhya GJ. Biodegradable nanoparticle delivery of inactivated swine influenza virus vaccine provides heterologous cell-mediated immune response in pigs. J Control Release 2017; 247:194-205. [PMID: 28057521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Swine influenza virus (SwIV) is one of the important zoonotic pathogens. Current flu vaccines have failed to provide cross-protection against evolving viruses in the field. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable FDA approved polymer and widely used in drug and vaccine delivery. In this study, inactivated SwIV H1N2 antigens (KAg) encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA-KAg) were prepared, which were spherical in shape with 200 to 300nm diameter, and induced maturation of antigen presenting cells in vitro. Pigs vaccinated twice with PLGA-KAg via intranasal route showed increased antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation and enhanced the frequency of T-helper/memory and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In PLGA-KAg vaccinated and heterologous SwIV H1N1 challenged pigs, clinical flu symptoms were absent, while the control pigs had fever for four days. Grossly and microscopically, reduced lung pathology and viral antigenic mass in the lung sections with clearance of infectious challenge virus in most of the PLGA-KAg vaccinated pig lung airways were observed. Immunologically, PLGA-KAg vaccine irrespective of not significantly boosting the mucosal antibody response, it augmented the frequency of IFN-γ secreting total T cells, T-helper and CTLs against both H1N2 and H1N1 SwIV. In summary, inactivated influenza virus delivered through PLGA-NPs reduced the clinical disease and induced cross-protective cell-mediated immune response in a pig model. Our data confirmed the utility of a pig model for intranasal particulate flu vaccine delivery platform to control flu in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kathryn Bondra
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Duan-Liang Shyu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kyung-Il Kang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan Goodman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kairat Tabynov
- The Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Zhambylskaya Oblast, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Steven Krakowka
- The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Kim JH, Kim SS, Kim IJ, Kim BH, Park JY, Lee CW, Suk JH, Shin SH, Son SP, Kim MC, Ahn JH, Lee KJ, Kwon MJ, Lee SH, Park JH. Arterial Stiffness Is More Associated with Albuminuria than Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The REBOUND Study. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:7047909. [PMID: 28951879 PMCID: PMC5603750 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7047909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between arterial stiffness and albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS This multicenter cohort study analyzed 2613 patients with type 2 diabetes. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was used as a noninvasive marker of arterial stiffness. Additionally, the patients were categorized into four groups according to their albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR, normoalbuminuria versus albuminuria) and estimated GFR (eGFR, <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 versus ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2). RESULTS A univariate analysis revealed that maximal baPWV was significantly associated with both the ACR (r = 0.297, P < 0.001) and eGFR (r = -0.220, P < 0.001). A multivariate analysis adjusted for significant clinical variables and eGFR showed that baPWV remained significantly correlated with the ACR (r = 0.150, P < 0.001). Also, baPWV was correlated positively with the ACR in patients with an eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (r = 0.146, P < 0.001). However, baPWV was not correlated with eGFR after adjustment for significant clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that arterial stiffness is more associated with albuminuria than a decrease in GFR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- *Sang Soo Kim: and
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- *In Joo Kim:
| | - Bo Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Medical Center, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Medical Center, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Suk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Woori Medical Clinic, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hae Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bongseng Memorial Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Pyo Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bongseng Memorial Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsin Christian Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeob Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Good Moonhwa Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Jae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daedong Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Ha JO, Lee TH, Lee CW. Response: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ( Diabetes Metab J 2016;40:297-307). Diabetes Metab J 2016; 40:420-421. [PMID: 27766251 PMCID: PMC5069400 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2016.40.5.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ouk Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Abstract
This paper presents a comparison of manufacturing techniques used in the development of an axial blood pump impeller. In this development process the impeller was designed and its performance was evaluated with the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Prototypes of those designs where the CFD results show promise were needed in sufficient quantities at a low cost for experimental validation of the CFD results. As the impeller is less than 16 mm in diameter with a maximum blade thickness of about 1.5 mm, innovative manufacturing techniques are explored in this paper to determine the best process for quick fabrication of prototypes that are dimensionally accurate, structurally robust and low in cost. Four rapid prototyping techniques were explored. The completed parts were compared on the basis of manufacturing time, quality and strength of parts obtained, manufacturing cost and also in vitro performances. Based on these studies, it was concluded that selective laser sintering (SLS) is the most appropriate method for the quick production of prototype parts for evaluation of pump performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Chan
- School of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Thermal and Fluids Engineering Division, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Ha JO, Lee TH, Lee CW, Park JY, Choi SH, Park HS, Lee JS, Lee SH, Seo EH, Kim YH, Kang YW. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2016; 40:297-307. [PMID: 27352149 PMCID: PMC4995185 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2016.40.4.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Korea appears to be increasing. Some studies have shown that T2DM is a risk factor for symptomatic GERD. However, this possibility is still debated, and the pathogenesis of GERD in T2DM is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and risk factors (including autonomic neuropathy) of GERD in patients with T2DM. METHODS This cross-sectional case-control study enrolled T2DM patients (n=258) and healthy controls (n=184). All participants underwent physical examinations and laboratory tests. We evaluated medical records and long-term diabetes complications, including peripheral and autonomic neuropathy in patients with T2DM. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed in all patients. The Los Angeles (LA) classification was used to grade GERD. GERD was defined as LA grade A (or higher) or minimal change with GERD symptoms. GERD symptoms were examined using a frequency scale. Data were expressed as mean±standard error. Independent t-tests or chi-square tests were used to make comparisons between groups. RESULTS The prevalence of GERD (32.6% vs. 35.9%, P=0.266) and GERD symptoms (58.8% vs. 59.2%, P=0.503) was not significantly different between T2DM patients and controls. We found no significant differences between T2DM patients with GERD and T2DM patients without GERD with respect to diabetic complications, including autonomic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, duration of DM, and glucose control. CONCLUSION The prevalence of GERD in patients with T2DM showed no difference from that of controls. GERD was also not associated with peripheral and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, age, or duration of DM in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ouk Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea.
| | - Ja Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Seong Ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Seung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Heon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Woo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Kim JH, Kim SS, Baek HS, Lee IK, Chung DJ, Sohn HS, Bae HY, Kim MK, Park JH, Choi YS, Kim YI, Hahm JR, Lee CW, Jo SR, Park MK, Lee KJ, Kim IJ. Comparison of Vildagliptin and Pioglitazone in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled with Metformin. Diabetes Metab J 2016; 40:230-9. [PMID: 27098505 PMCID: PMC4929227 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2016.40.3.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the efficacies of vildagliptin (50 mg twice daily) relative to pioglitazone (15 mg once daily) as an add-on treatment to metformin for reducing glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The present study was a multicenter, randomized, active-controlled investigation comparing the effects of vildagliptin and pioglitazone in Korean patients receiving a stable dose of metformin but exhibiting inadequate glycemic control. Each patient underwent a 16-week treatment period with either vildagliptin or pioglitazone as an add-on treatment to metformin. RESULTS The mean changes in HbA1c levels from baseline were -0.94% in the vildagliptin group and -0.6% in the pioglitazone group and the difference between the treatments was below the non-inferiority margin of 0.3%. The mean changes in postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) levels were -60.2 mg/dL in the vildagliptin group and -38.2 mg/dL in the pioglitazone group and these values significantly differed (P=0.040). There were significant decreases in the levels of total, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and non-HDL cholesterol in the vildagliptin group but increases in the pioglitazone group. The mean change in body weight was -0.07 kg in the vildagliptin group and 0.69 kg in the pioglitazone group, which were also significantly different (P=0.002). CONCLUSION As an add-on to metformin, the efficacy of vildagliptin for the improvement of glycemic control is not inferior to that of pioglitazone in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, add-on treatment with vildagliptin had beneficial effects on PPG levels, lipid profiles, and body weight compared to pioglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hong Sun Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - In Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Ho Sang Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hak Yeon Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Sik Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jong Ryeal Hahm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Rae Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A Medical Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kwang Jae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daedong Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
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Hiremath J, Kang KI, Xia M, Elaish M, Binjawadagi B, Ouyang K, Dhakal S, Arcos J, Torrelles JB, Jiang X, Lee CW, Renukaradhya GJ. Entrapment of H1N1 Influenza Virus Derived Conserved Peptides in PLGA Nanoparticles Enhances T Cell Response and Vaccine Efficacy in Pigs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151922. [PMID: 27093541 PMCID: PMC4836704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are believed to be one of the important sources of emerging human and swine influenza viruses (SwIV). Influenza virus conserved peptides have the potential to elicit cross-protective immune response, but without the help of potent adjuvant and delivery system they are poorly immunogenic. Biodegradable polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticle (PLGA-NP) based vaccine delivery system enhances cross-presentation of antigens by the professional antigen presenting cells. In this study, Norovirus P particle containing SwIV M2e (extracellular domain of the matrix protein 2) chimera and highly conserved two each of H1N1 peptides of pandemic 2009 and classical human influenza viruses were entrapped in PLGA-NPs. Influenza antibody-free pigs were vaccinated with PLGA-NPs peptides cocktail vaccine twice with or without an adjuvant, Mycobacterium vaccae whole cell lysate, intranasally as mist. Vaccinated pigs were challenged with a virulent heterologous zoonotic SwIV H1N1, and one week later euthanized and the lung samples were analyzed for the specific immune response and viral load. Clinically, pigs vaccinated with PLGA-NP peptides vaccine had no fever and flu symptoms, and the replicating challenged SwIV was undetectable in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Immunologically, PLGA-NP peptides vaccination (without adjuvant) significantly increased the frequency of antigen-specific IFNγ secreting CD4 and CD8 T cells response in the lung lymphocytes, despite not boosting the antibody response both at pre- and post-challenge. In summary, our data indicated that nanoparticle-mediated delivery of conserved H1N1 influenza peptides induced the virus specific T cell response in the lungs and reduced the challenged heterologous virus load in the airways of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Hiremath
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Kyung-il Kang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Ming Xia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Elaish
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Jesus Arcos
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - X. Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
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Dwivedi V, Manickam C, Dhakal S, Binjawadagi B, Ouyang K, Hiremath J, Khatri M, Hague JG, Lee CW, Renukaradhya GJ. Adjuvant effects of invariant NKT cell ligand potentiates the innate and adaptive immunity to an inactivated H1N1 swine influenza virus vaccine in pigs. Vet Microbiol 2016; 186:157-63. [PMID: 27016770 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pigs are considered as the source of some of the emerging human flu viruses. Inactivated swine influenza virus (SwIV) vaccine has been in use in the US swine herds, but it failed to control the flu outbreaks. The main reason has been attributed to lack of induction of strong local mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell is a unique T cell subset, and activation of iNKT cell using its ligand α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) has been shown to potentiate the cross-protective immunity to inactivated influenza virus vaccine candidates in mice. Recently, we discovered iNKT cell in pig and demonstrated its activation using α-GalCer. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of an inactivated H1N1 SwIV coadministered with α-GalCer intranasally against a homologous viral challenge. Our results demonstrated the potent adjuvant effects of α-GalCer in potentiating both innate and adaptive immune responses to SwIV Ags in the lungs of pigs, which resulted in reduction in the lung viral load by 3 logs compared to without adjuvant. Immunologically, in the lungs of pigs vaccinated with α-GalCer an increased virus specific IgA response, IFN-α secretion and NK cell-cytotoxicity was observed. In addition, iNKT cell-stimulation enhanced the secretion of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12) and reduced the production of immunosuppressive cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) in the lungs of pigs⋅ In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time iNKT cell adjuvant effects in pigs to SwIV Ags through augmenting the innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Dwivedi
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States; Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore, India
| | - Mahesh Khatri
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Jacquelyn Gervay Hague
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States.
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