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Feldman KS, Kim E, Czachowski MJ, Wu Y, Lo CW, Zahid M. Differential effect of anesthetics on mucociliary clearance in vivo in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4896. [PMID: 33649513 PMCID: PMC7921682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a key defense mechanism that functions to entrap and transport inhaled pollutants, particulates, and pathogens away from the lungs. Previous work has identified a number of anesthetics to have cilia depressive effects in vitro. Wild-type C57BL/6 J mice received intra-tracheal installation of 99mTc-Sulfur colloid, and were imaged using a dual-modality SPECT/CT system at 0 and 6 h to measure baseline MCC (n = 8). Mice were challenged for one hour with inhalational 1.5% isoflurane, or intraperitoneal ketamine (100 mg/kg)/xylazine (20 mg/kg), ketamine (0.5 mg/kg)/dexmedetomidine (50 mg/kg), fentanyl (0.2 mg/kg)/1.5% isoflurane, propofol (120 mg/Kg), or fentanyl/midazolam/dexmedetomidine (0.025 mg/kg/2.5 mg/kg/0.25 mg/kg) prior to MCC assessment. The baseline MCC was 6.4%, and was significantly reduced to 3.7% (p = 0.04) and 3.0% (p = 0.01) by ketamine/xylazine and ketamine/dexmedetomidine challenge respectively. Importantly, combinations of drugs containing fentanyl, and propofol in isolation did not significantly depress MCC. Although no change in cilia length or percent ciliation was expected, we tried to correlate ex-vivo tracheal cilia ciliary beat frequency and cilia-generated flow velocities with MCC and found no correlation. Our results indicate that anesthetics containing ketamine (ketamine/xylazine and ketamine/dexmedetomidine) significantly depress MCC, while combinations containing fentanyl (fentanyl/isoflurane, fentanyl/midazolam/dexmedetomidine) and propofol do not. Our method for assessing MCC is reproducible and has utility for studying the effects of other drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S Feldman
- Department of Developmental Biology, Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Eunwon Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | | | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Maliha Zahid
- Department of Developmental Biology, Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA.
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Liu QZ, Hao M, Zhou ZY, Ge JL, Wu YC, Zhao LL, Wu X, Feng Y, Gao H, Li S, Xue L. Propofol reduces synaptic strength by inhibiting sodium and calcium channels at nerve terminals. Protein Cell 2020; 10:688-693. [PMID: 31028590 PMCID: PMC6711943 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-019-0624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zhuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zi-Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jian-Long Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yi-Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shun Li
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Lei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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3
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Negative impact of anesthesia with midazolam, sufentanil, and propofol used in pediatric flexible bronchoscopy on the tracheal ciliary beat frequency in guinea pigs. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 142:165-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kempeneers C, Seaton C, Garcia Espinosa B, Chilvers MA. Ciliary functional analysis: Beating a path towards standardization. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:1627-1638. [PMID: 31313529 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia is an inherited disorder in which respiratory cilia are stationary, or beat in a slow or dyskinetic manner, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance and significant sinopulmonary disease. One diagnostic test is ciliary functional analysis using digital high-speed video microscopy (DHSV), which allows real-time analysis of complete ciliary function, comprising ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary beat pattern (CBP). However, DHSV lacks standardization. In this paper, the current knowledge of DHSV ciliary functional analysis is presented, and recommendations given for a standardized protocol for ciliary sample collection and processing. A proposal is presented for a quantitative and qualitative CBP evaluation system, to be used to develop international consensus agreement, and future DHSV research areas are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Kempeneers
- Division of Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Claire Seaton
- Division of Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bernardo Garcia Espinosa
- Division of Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark A Chilvers
- Division of Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Park HR, O'Sullivan M, Vallarino J, Shumyatcher M, Himes BE, Park JA, Christiani DC, Allen J, Lu Q. Transcriptomic response of primary human airway epithelial cells to flavoring chemicals in electronic cigarettes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1400. [PMID: 30710127 PMCID: PMC6358614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes or e-cig) is a growing public health concern. Diacetyl and its chemical cousin 2,3-pentanedione are commonly used to add flavors to e-cig; however, little is known about how the flavoring chemicals may impair lung function. Here we report that the flavoring chemicals induce transcriptomic changes and perturb cilia function in the airway epithelium. Using RNA-Seq, we identified a total of 163 and 568 differentially expressed genes in primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells that were exposed to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione, respectively. DAVID pathway analysis revealed an enrichment of cellular pathways involved in cytoskeletal and cilia processes among the set of common genes (142 genes) perturbed by both diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione. Consistent with this, qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression of multiple genes involved in cilia biogenesis was significantly downregulated by diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione in NHBE cells. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of ciliated cells was significantly decreased by the flavoring chemicals. Our study indicates that the two widely used e-cig flavoring chemicals impair the cilia function in airway epithelium and likely contribute to the adverse effects of e-cig in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ryung Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose Vallarino
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maya Shumyatcher
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Allen
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Quan Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA.
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Citron MP, Patel M, Purcell M, Lin SA, Rubins DJ, McQuade P, Callahan C, Gleason A, Petrescu I, Knapp W, Orekie C, Chamarthy S, Wen Z, Touch S, Pine M, Fontenot J, Douglas C, Liang X, Espeseth AS. A novel method for strict intranasal delivery of non-replicating RSV vaccines in cotton rats and non-human primates. Vaccine 2018; 36:2876-2885. [PMID: 29599087 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common viral cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children twelve months of age or younger and a significant cause of lower respiratory disease in older adults. As various clinical and preclinical candidates advance, cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and non-human primates (NHP) continue to play a valuable role in RSV vaccine development, since both animals are semi-permissive to human RSV (HRSV). However, appropriate utilization of the models is critical to avoid mis-interpretation of the preclinical findings. Using a multimodality imaging approach; a fluorescence based optical imaging technique for the cotton rat and a nuclear medicine based positron emission tomography (PET) imaging technique for monkeys, we demonstrate that many common practices for intranasal immunization in both species result in inoculum delivery to the lower respiratory tract, which can result in poor translation of outcomes from the preclinical to the clinical setting. Using these technologies we define a method to limit the distribution of intranasally administered vaccines solely to the upper airway of each species, which includes volume restrictions in combination with injectable anesthesia. We show using our newly defined methods for strict intranasal immunization that these methods impact the immune responses and efficacy observed when compared to vaccination methods resulting in distribution to both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. These data emphasize the importance of well-characterized immunization methods in the preclinical assessment of intranasally delivered vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Citron
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States.
| | - Manishkumar Patel
- Translational Imaging Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Mona Purcell
- Translational Imaging Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Shu-An Lin
- Translational Imaging Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Daniel J Rubins
- Translational Imaging Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Paul McQuade
- Translational Imaging Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Cheryl Callahan
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Alexa Gleason
- Translational Imaging Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Ioan Petrescu
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Walter Knapp
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Chinedu Orekie
- Biopharmaceutics & Specialty DF/Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Sai Chamarthy
- Biopharmaceutics & Specialty DF/Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Zhiyun Wen
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Sinoeun Touch
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Matthew Pine
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Jane Fontenot
- The University of Louisiana New Iberia Research Center, New Iberia, LA 70560, United States
| | - Cameron Douglas
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Amy S Espeseth
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
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7
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Yaghi A, Dolovich MB. Airway Epithelial Cell Cilia and Obstructive Lung Disease. Cells 2016; 5:cells5040040. [PMID: 27845721 PMCID: PMC5187524 DOI: 10.3390/cells5040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelium is the first line of defense against exposure of the airway and lung to various inflammatory stimuli. Ciliary beating of airway epithelial cells constitutes an important part of the mucociliary transport apparatus. To be effective in transporting secretions out of the lung, the mucociliary transport apparatus must exhibit a cohesive beating of all ciliated epithelial cells that line the upper and lower respiratory tract. Cilia function can be modulated by exposures to endogenous and exogenous factors and by the viscosity of the mucus lining the epithelium. Cilia function is impaired in lung diseases such as COPD and asthma, and pharmacologic agents can modulate cilia function and mucus viscosity. Cilia beating is reduced in COPD, however, more research is needed to determine the structural-functional regulation of ciliary beating via all signaling pathways and how this might relate to the initiation or progression of obstructive lung diseases. Additionally, genotypes and how these can influence phenotypes and epithelial cell cilia function and structure should be taken into consideration in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Yaghi
- Firestone Research Aerosol Laboratory, Fontbonne Bldg. Room F132, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- St. Joseph's Healthcare, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, 50 Charlton Ave East, FIRH Room T2135, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
| | - Myrna B Dolovich
- Firestone Research Aerosol Laboratory, Fontbonne Bldg. Room F132, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- St. Joseph's Healthcare, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, 50 Charlton Ave East, FIRH Room T2135, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
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Welchering N, Ochoa S, Tian X, Francis R, Zahid M, Muñoz R, Lo CW. Dexmedetomidine and fentanyl exhibit temperature dependent effects on human respiratory cilia. Front Pediatr 2015; 3:7. [PMID: 25717467 PMCID: PMC4324059 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2015.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine (dex) is commonly used in intensive care due to its effective sedation and analgesia with few adverse effects and minimal respiratory depression. However, we recently observed that exposing mouse epithelial respiratory cells to dex decreased ciliary beat frequency (CBF), suggesting dex may pose pulmonary risk. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of dex at clinically relevant doses on CBF in human respiratory epithelia. METHODS Human nasal epithelial cilia were obtained from the inferior nasal turbinate with a rhinoprobe and placed in culture medium at 15°C and 37°C. At 5 and 30 min, video-microscopy was used to assess CBF, either without (control) or with different concentrations (1, 5, and 10 nM) of dex, fentanyl (fen), and dex + fen combination. RESULTS At 15°C, CBF was lower in the dex group compared to controls at 5 and 30 min. At 37°C, there was a significant increase in CBF with dex at 5 and 30 min, except for dex at 5 nM after 5 min, which showed a significant decrease. At 15°C the combination of dex + fen showed a positive interaction, causing less ciliary inhibition as expected. In contrast, no interaction between drugs was seen between dex and fen at 37°C. CONCLUSION At low temperatures, dex reduces CBF in human respiratory epithelia, whereas dex increases CBF at physiologic temperature in vitro. Whether these effects translate into clinical consequences during hypothermia, as with cardiopulmonary bypass surgery will require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Welchering
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Sebastian Ochoa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Xin Tian
- Office of Biostatistics Research, NHLBI , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Richard Francis
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Maliha Zahid
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Ricardo Muñoz
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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Dickson RP, Erb-Downward JR, Huffnagle GB. Towards an ecology of the lung: new conceptual models of pulmonary microbiology and pneumonia pathogenesis. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2014; 2:238-46. [PMID: 24621685 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for which no new methods of treatment have entered clinical practice since the discovery of antibiotics. Innovations in the techniques of culture-independent microbial identification have shown that the lungs, previously deemed sterile in the absence of infection, contain diverse and dynamic communities of microbes. In this Personal View, we argue that these observations have shown the inadequacy of traditional conceptual models of lung microbiology and the pathogenesis of pneumonia, hampering progress in research and practice. We propose three new conceptual models to replace the traditional models of lung microbiology: an adapted island model of lung biogeography, the effect of environmental gradients on lung microbiota, and pneumonia as an emergent phenomenon propelled by unexplored positive feedback loops. We argue that the ecosystem of lung microbiota has all of the features of a complex adaptive system: diverse entities interacting with each other within a common space, showing interdependent actions and possessing the capacity to adapt to changes in conditions. Complex adaptive systems are fundamentally different in behaviour from the simple, linear systems typified by the traditional model of pneumonia pathogenesis, and need distinct analytical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Dickson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - John R Erb-Downward
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gary B Huffnagle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan MI, USA
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10
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Assessing mucociliary transport of single particles in vivo shows variable speed and preference for the ventral trachea in newborn pigs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:2355-60. [PMID: 24474805 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323633111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary transport (MCT) is an innate defense mechanism that removes particulates, noxious material, and microorganisms from the lung. Several airway diseases exhibit abnormal MCT, including asthma, chronic bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis. However, it remains uncertain whether MCT abnormalities contribute to the genesis of disease or whether they are secondary manifestations that may fuel disease progression. Limitations of current MCT assays and of current animal models of human disease have hindered progress in addressing these questions. Therefore, we developed an in vivo assay of MCT, and here we describe its use in newborn wild-type pigs. We studied pigs because they share many physiological, biochemical, and anatomical features with humans and can model several human diseases. We used X-ray multidetector-row-computed tomography to track movement of individual particles in the large airways of newborn pigs. Multidetector-row-computed tomography imaging provided high spatial and temporal resolution and registration of particle position to airway anatomy. We discovered that cilia orientation directs particles to the ventral tracheal surface. We also observed substantial heterogeneity in the rate of individual particle movement, and we speculate that variations in mucus properties may be responsible. The increased granularity of MCT data provided by this assay may provide an opportunity to better understand host defense mechanisms and the pathogenesis of airway disease.
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11
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Christopher AB, Ochoa S, Krushansky E, Francis R, Tian X, Zahid M, Muñoz R, Lo CW. The effects of temperature and anesthetic agents on ciliary function in murine respiratory epithelia. Front Pediatr 2014; 2:111. [PMID: 25360434 PMCID: PMC4199259 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucus transport mediated by motile cilia in the airway is an important defense mechanism for prevention of respiratory infections. As cilia motility can be depressed by hypothermia or exposure to anesthetics, in this study, we investigated the individual and combined effects of dexmedetomidine (dex), fentanyl (fen), and/or isoflurane (iso) at physiologic and low temperatures on cilia motility in mouse tracheal airway epithelia. These anesthetic combinations and low temperature conditions are often used in the setting of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, surgical repair of congenital heart disease, and cardiac intensive care. METHODS C57BL/6J mouse tracheal epithelia were excised and cilia dynamics were captured by videomicroscopy following incubation at 15, 22-24, and 37°C with different combinations of therapeutic concentrations of dex (10 nM), fen (10 nM), and iso (0.01%). Airway ciliary motion was assessed and compared across conditions by measuring ciliary beat frequency and ciliary flow velocity. Statistical analysis was carried out using unpaired t-tests, analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression. RESULTS There was a linear correlation between cilia motility and temperature. Fen exerted cilia stimulatory effects, while dex and iso each had ciliodepressive effects. When added together, fen + iso, dex + iso, and dex + fen + iso were all cilia inhibitory. In contrast fenl + dex did not significantly alter ciliary function. CONCLUSION We show that ciliary motility is stimulated by fen, but depressed by dex or iso. However, when used in combination, ciliary motility showed changes indicative of complex drug-drug and drug-temperature interactions not predicted by simple summation of their individual effects. Similar studies are needed to examine the human airway epithelia and its response to anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Christopher
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Sebastian Ochoa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Evonne Krushansky
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Richard Francis
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Xin Tian
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Maliha Zahid
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Ricardo Muñoz
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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13
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Kim YH, Kim YJ, Lee SE, Kim YH, Lim SH, Lee JH, Lee KM, Cheong SH, Choi YK, Shin CM. Effect of smoking on bronchial mucus transport velocity under total intravenous anesthesia. Korean J Anesthesiol 2008. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2008.55.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Jae Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Se Hun Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeong Han Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Kun Moo Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Soon Ho Cheong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Kyun Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Chee Mahn Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Shirakami G, Teratani Y, Fukuda K. Nocturnal episodic hypoxemia after ambulatory breast cancer surgery: comparison of sevoflurane and propofol-fentanyl anesthesia. J Anesth 2006; 20:78-85. [PMID: 16633762 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-005-0371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the incidence and severity of nocturnal episodic hypoxemia after ambulatory breast cancer surgery and its differences with sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia. METHODS Sixty-one adult female patients (ASA PS I-II; age, 32-77 years) without an apparent history of sleep apnea and respiratory disease undergoing major breast cancer surgery on an outpatient basis and with planned overnight admission were randomized to one of two anesthesia maintenance groups: sevoflurane anesthesia (SEV, n = 31) or intravenous propofol, fentanyl, and vecuronium anesthesia (TIVA, n = 30). All patients were administered propofol 2 mg x kg(-1) intravenously for anesthesia induction, had a laryngeal mask airway placed, and received rectal diclofenac and local infiltration anesthesia for pain relief. No opioid analgesic or oxygen was administered after discharge from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Oxygen saturation (Sp(O) (2)) was recorded continuously during the first postoperative night. Sp(O) (2) <90% that lasted >10 s was regarded as hypoxemia, and the percentage of effective recording time with Sp(O) (2) <90% (%time with Sp(O) (2) <90) was evaluated. RESULTS Six patients (SEV3/TIVA3) had >1% of %time with Sp(O) (2) <90 (S-hypoxemia group), 17 (SEV7/TIVA10) had >0% and <or=1% (M-Hypoxemia group), and 38 (SEV21/TIVA17) had 0% (no-hypoxemia group). There were no statistical differences in age, ASA PS, anesthesia technique, and duration of anesthesia among groups. The S-hypoxemia group had higher body mass index (BMI) and incidence of oxygen supplementation in the PACU than the no-hypoxemia group. No patient had major complications. CONCLUSION Nocturnal episodic hypoxemia occurs frequently after ambulatory breast cancer surgery. The incidence was not different between SEV and TIVA. Hypoxic patients had a higher BMI and needed oxygen therapy in PACU more frequently.
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