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Wittmann A, Braud M, Dujols O, Forscher P, IJzerman H. Individual differences in adapting to temperature in French students are only related to attachment avoidance and loneliness. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:201068. [PMID: 35619997 PMCID: PMC9128851 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Among animals, natural selection has resulted in a broad array of behavioural strategies to maintain core body temperature in a relatively narrow range. One important temperature regulation strategy is social thermoregulation, which is often done by warming the body together with conspecifics. The literature suggests that the same selection pressures that apply to other animals also apply to humans, producing individual differences in the tendency to socially thermoregulate. We wanted to investigate whether differences in social thermoregulation desires extend to other personality factors in a sample of French students. We conducted an exploratory, hypothesis-generating cross-sectional project to examine associations between thermoregulation and personality. We used conditional random forests in a training segment of our dataset to identify clusters of variables most likely to be shaped by individual differences to thermoregulate. We used the resulting clusters to fit hypothesis-generating mediation models. After we replicated the relationships in two datasets, personality was not related to social thermoregulation desires, with the exception of attachment avoidance. Attachment avoidance in turn predicted loneliness. This mediation proved robust across all three datasets. As our cross-sectional studies allow limited causal inferences, we suggest investing into prospective studies to understand whether and how social thermoregulation shapes attachment avoidance early in life and loneliness later in life. We also recommend replication of the current relationships in other climates, countries, and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Wittmann
- Laboratoire InterUniversitaire de Psychologie. Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social, Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Heres, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Mae Braud
- Laboratoire InterUniversitaire de Psychologie. Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social, Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Heres, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Olivier Dujols
- Laboratoire InterUniversitaire de Psychologie. Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social, Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Heres, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Patrick Forscher
- Laboratoire InterUniversitaire de Psychologie. Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social, Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Heres, Rhône-Alpes, France
- Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, Kenya
| | - Hans IJzerman
- Laboratoire InterUniversitaire de Psychologie. Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social, Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Heres, Rhône-Alpes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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2
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Luchesi LC, Paula BC, Monticelli PF, Francescoli G. The underground system of Clyomys laticeps changes in structure and composition according to climatic and vegetation variations. Acta Ethol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-022-00389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Fontúrbel FE, Franco LM, Bozinovic F, Quintero‐Galvis JF, Mejías C, Amico GC, Vazquez MS, Sabat P, Sánchez‐Hernández JC, Watson DM, Saenz‐Agudelo P, Nespolo RF. The ecology and evolution of the monito del monte, a relict species from the southern South America temperate forests. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8645. [PMID: 35261741 PMCID: PMC8888251 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The arboreal marsupial monito del monte (genus Dromiciops, with two recognized species) is a paradigmatic mammal. It is the sole living representative of the order Microbiotheria, the ancestor lineage of Australian marsupials. Also, this marsupial is the unique frugivorous mammal in the temperate rainforest, being the main seed disperser of several endemic plants of this ecosystem, thus acting as keystone species. Dromiciops is also one of the few hibernating mammals in South America, spending half of the year in a physiological dormancy where metabolism is reduced to 10% of normal levels. This capacity to reduce energy expenditure in winter contrasts with the enormous energy turnover rate they experience in spring and summer. The unique life history strategies of this living Microbiotheria, characterized by an alternation of life in the slow and fast lanes, putatively represent ancestral traits that permitted these cold-adapted mammals to survive in this environment. Here, we describe the ecological role of this emblematic marsupial, summarizing the ecophysiology of hibernation and sociality, updated phylogeographic relationships, reproductive cycle, trophic relationships, mutualisms, conservation, and threats. This marsupial shows high densities, despite presenting slow reproductive rates, a paradox explained by the unique characteristics of its three-dimensional habitat. We finally suggest immediate actions to protect these species that may be threatened in the near future due to habitat destruction and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco E. Fontúrbel
- Instituto de BiologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoValparaísoChile
- Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi)SantiagoChile
| | - Lida M. Franco
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MatemáticasUniversidad de IbaguéIbaguéColombia
| | - Francisco Bozinovic
- Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasCenter of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES)Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | - Carlos Mejías
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | | | | | - Pablo Sabat
- Departamento de Ciencias EcológicasFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | - David M. Watson
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary SciencesCharles Sturt UniversityAlburyNSWAustralia
| | - Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Roberto F. Nespolo
- Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi)SantiagoChile
- Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasCenter of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES)Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)SantiagoChile
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4
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Denommé MR, Mason GJ. Social Buffering as a Tool for Improving Rodent Welfare. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:5-14. [PMID: 34915978 PMCID: PMC8786379 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a conspecific can be calming to some species of animal during stress, a phenomenon known as social buffering. For rodents, social buffering can reduce the perception of and reaction to aversive experiences. With a companion, animals may be less frightened in conditioned fear paradigms, experience faster wound healing, show reduced corticosterone responses to novelty, and become more resilient to everyday stressors like cage-cleaning. Social buffering works in diverse ways across species and life stages. For example, social buffering may rely on specific bonds and interactions between individuals, whereas in other cases, the mere presence of conspecific cues may reduce isolation stress. Social buffering has diverse practical applications for enhancing rodent wellbeing (some of which can be immediately applied, while others need further development via welfare-oriented research). Appropriate social housing will generally increase rodents' abilities to cope with challenges, with affiliative cage mates being the most effective buffers. Thus, when rodents are scheduled to experience distressing research procedures, ensuring that their home lives supply high degrees of affiliative, low stress social contact can be an effective refinement. Furthermore, social buffering research illustrates the stress of acute isolation: stressors experienced outside the cage may thus be less impactful if a companion is present. If a companion cannot be provided for subjects exposed to out-of-cage stressors, odors from unstressed animals can help ameliorate stress, as can proxies such as pieces of synthetic fur. Finally, in cases involving conditioned fear (the learned expectation of harm), newly providing social contact during exposure to negative conditioned stimuli (CS) can modify the CS such that for research rodents repeatedly exposed to aversive stimuli, adding conspecific contact can reduce their conditioned fear. Ultimately, these benefits of social buffering should inspire the use of creative techniques to reduce the impact of stressful procedures on laboratory rodents, so enhancing their welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Denommé
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georgia J Mason
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author. Email address:
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Martinig AR, Riaz M, St Clair CC. Temporal clustering of prey in wildlife passages provides no evidence of a prey-trap. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11489. [PMID: 32661272 PMCID: PMC7359302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife passages are structures built across roads to facilitate wildlife movement and prevent wildlife collisions with vehicles. The efficacy of these structures could be reduced if they funnel prey into confined spaces at predictable locations that are exploited by predators. We tested the so-called prey-trap hypothesis using remote cameras in 17 wildlife passages in Quebec, Canada from 2012 to 2015 by measuring the temporal occurrence of nine small and medium-sized mammal taxa (< 30 kg) that we classified as predators and prey. We predicted that the occurrence of a prey-trap would be evidenced by greater frequencies and shorter latencies of sequences in which predators followed prey, relative to prey–prey sequences. Our results did not support the prey-trap hypothesis; observed prey–predator sequences showed no difference or were less frequent than expected, even when prey were unusually abundant or rare or at sites with higher proportions of predators. Prey–predator latencies were also 1.7 times longer than prey–prey sequences. These results reveal temporal clustering of prey that may dilute predation risk inside wildlife passages. We encourage continued use of wildlife passages as mitigation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Robin Martinig
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Boulevard W, Montreal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada. .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Mahnoor Riaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
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Schipper L, van Heijningen S, Karapetsas G, van der Beek EM, van Dijk G. Individual housing of male C57BL/6J mice after weaning impairs growth and predisposes for obesity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225488. [PMID: 32453751 PMCID: PMC7250426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For (metabolic) research models using mice, singly housing is widely used for practical purposes to study e.g. energy balance regulation and derangements herein. Mouse (social) housing practices could however influence study results by modulating (metabolic) health outcomes. To study the effects of the social housing condition, we assessed parameters for energy balance regulation and proneness to (diet induced) obesity in male C57Bl/6J mice that were housed individually or socially (in pairs) directly after weaning, both at standard ambient temperature of 21°C. During adolescence, individually housed mice had reduced growth rate, while energy intake and energy expenditure were increased compared to socially housed counterparts. At 6 weeks of age, these mice had reduced lean body mass, but significantly higher white adipose tissue mass compared to socially housed mice, and higher UCP-1 mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue. During adulthood, body weight gain of individually housed animals exceeded that of socially housed mice, with elevations in both energy intake and expenditure. At 18 weeks of age, individually housed mice showed higher adiposity and higher mRNA expression of UCP-1 in inguinal white but not in brown adipose tissue. Exposure to an obesogenic diet starting at 6 weeks of age further amplified body weight gain and adipose tissue deposition and caused strong suppression of inguinal white adipose tissue mRNA UCP-1 expression. This study shows that post-weaning individual housing of male mice impairs adolescent growth and results in higher susceptibility to obesity in adulthood with putative roles for thermoregulation and/or affectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidewij Schipper
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- GELIFES, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Steffen van Heijningen
- GELIFES, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Karapetsas
- GELIFES, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M. van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan van Dijk
- GELIFES, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Merchant A, Song D, Yang X, Li X, Zhou X“J. Candidate
foraging
gene orthologs in a lower termite,
Reticulitermes flavipes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2020; 334:168-177. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Merchant
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of KentuckyLexington Kentucky
| | - Dongyan Song
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of KentuckyLexington Kentucky
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of KentuckyLexington Kentucky
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of KentuckyLexington Kentucky
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing China
| | - Xuguo “Joe” Zhou
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of KentuckyLexington Kentucky
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8
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Roycroft EJ, Nations JA, Rowe KC. Environment predicts repeated body size shifts in a recent radiation of Australian mammals. Evolution 2019; 74:671-680. [PMID: 31595503 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Closely related species that occur across steep environmental gradients often display clear body size differences, and examining this pattern is crucial to understanding how environmental variation shapes diversity. Australian endemic rodents in the Pseudomys Division (Muridae: Murinae) have repeatedly colonized the arid, monsoon, and mesic biomes over the last 5 million years. Using occurrence records, body mass data, and Bayesian phylogenetic models, we test whether body mass of 31 species in the Pseudomys Division can be predicted by their biome association. We also model the effect of eight environmental variables on body mass. Despite high phylogenetic signal in body mass evolution across the phylogeny, we find that mass predictably increases in the mesic biome and decreases in arid and monsoon biomes. As per Bergmann's rule, temperature is strongly correlated with body mass, as well as several other variables. Our results highlight two important findings. First, body size in Australian rodents has tracked with climate through the Pleistocene, likely due to several environmental variables rather than a single factor. Second, support for both Brownian motion and predictable change at different taxonomic levels in the Pseudomys Division phylogeny demonstrates how the level at which we test hypotheses can alter interpretation of evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Roycroft
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Jonathan A Nations
- Museum of Natural Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
| | - Kevin C Rowe
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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Graw B, Kranstauber B, Manser MB. Social organization of a solitary carnivore: spatial behaviour, interactions and relatedness in the slender mongoose. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:182160. [PMID: 31218040 PMCID: PMC6549956 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.182160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The majority of carnivore species are described as solitary, but little is known about their social organization and interactions with conspecifics. We investigated the spatial organization and social interactions as well as relatedness of slender mongooses (Galerella sanguinea) living in the southern Kalahari. This is a little studied small carnivore previously described as solitary with anecdotal evidence for male associations. In our study population, mongooses arranged in spatial groups consisting of one to three males and up to four females. Male ranges, based on sleeping sites, were large and overlapping, encompassing the smaller and more exclusive female ranges. Spatial groups could be distinguished by their behaviour, communal denning and home range. Within spatial groups animals communally denned in up to 33% of nights, mainly during winter months, presumably to gain thermoregulatory benefits. Associations of related males gained reproductive benefits likely through increased territorial and female defence. Our study supports slender mongooses to be better described as solitary foragers living in a complex system of spatial groups with amicable social interactions between specific individuals. We suggest that the recognition of underlying 'hidden' complexities in these apparently 'solitary' organizations needs to be accounted for when investigating group living and social behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beke Graw
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Kalahari Research Centre, Kuruman River Reserve, Van Zylsrus, Northern Cape, South Africa
| | - Bart Kranstauber
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Kalahari Research Centre, Kuruman River Reserve, Van Zylsrus, Northern Cape, South Africa
| | - Marta B. Manser
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Kalahari Research Centre, Kuruman River Reserve, Van Zylsrus, Northern Cape, South Africa
- Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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10
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Repeated cyclone events reveal potential causes of sociality in coral-dwelling Gobiodon fishes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202407. [PMID: 30183723 PMCID: PMC6124712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Social organization is a key factor influencing a species' foraging and reproduction, which may ultimately affect their survival and ability to recover from catastrophic disturbance. Severe weather events such as cyclones can have devastating impacts to the physical structure of coral reefs and on the abundance and distribution of its faunal communities. Despite the importance of social organization to a species' survival, relatively little is known about how major disturbances such as tropical cyclones may affect social structures or how different social strategies affect a species' ability to cope with disturbance. We sampled group sizes and coral sizes of group-forming and pair-forming species of the Gobiid genus Gobiodon at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, before and after two successive category 4 tropical cyclones. Group sizes of group-forming species decreased after each cyclone, but showed signs of recovery four months after the first cyclone. A similar increase in group sizes was not evident in group-forming species after the second cyclone. There was no change in mean pair-forming group size after either cyclone. Coral sizes inhabited by both group- and pair-forming species decreased throughout the study, meaning that group-forming species were forced to occupy smaller corals on average than before cyclone activity. This may reduce their capacity to maintain larger group sizes through multiple processes. We discuss these patterns in light of two non-exclusive hypotheses regarding the drivers of sociality in Gobiodon, suggesting that benefits of philopatry with regards to habitat quality may underpin the formation of social groups in this genus.
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Zhang XY, Sukhchuluun G, Bo TB, Chi QS, Yang JJ, Chen B, Zhang L, Wang DH. Huddling remodels gut microbiota to reduce energy requirements in a small mammal species during cold exposure. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:103. [PMID: 29884232 PMCID: PMC5994089 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huddling is highly evolved as a cooperative behavioral strategy for social mammals to maximize their fitness in harsh environments. Huddling behavior can change psychological and physiological responses. The coevolution of mammals with their microbial communities confers fitness benefits to both partners. The gut microbiome is a key regulator of host immune and metabolic functions. We hypothesized that huddling behavior altered energetics and thermoregulation by shaping caecal microbiota in small herbivores. Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) were maintained in a group (huddling) or as individuals (separated) and were exposed to warm (23 ± 1 °C) and cold (4 ± 1 °C) air temperatures (Ta). RESULTS Voles exposed to cold Ta had higher energy intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) than voles exposed to warm Ta. Huddling voles had lower RMR and NST than separated voles in cold. In addition, huddling voles had a higher surface body temperature (Tsurface), but lower core body temperature (Tcore) than separated voles, suggesting a lower set-point of Tcore in huddling voles. Both cold and huddling induced a marked variation in caecal bacterial composition, which was associated with the lower Tcore. Huddling voles had a higher α and β-diversity, abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Veillonellaceae, but lower abundance of Cyanobacteria, Tenericutes, TM7, Comamonadaceae, and Sinobacteraceae than separated voles. Huddling or cold resulted in higher concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetic acid and butyric acid when compared to their counterparts. Transplantation of caecal microbiota from cold-separated voles but not from cold-huddling voles induced significant increases in energy intake and RMR compared to that from warm-separated voles. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that the remodeling of gut microbiota, which is associated with a reduction in host Tcore, mediates cold- and huddling-induced energy intake and thermoregulation and therefore orchestrates host metabolic and thermal homeostasis. It highlights the coevolutionary mechanism of host huddling and gut microbiota in thermoregulation and energy saving for winter survival in endotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gansukh Sukhchuluun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting-Bei Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
- Microbiome Research Center, Shandong Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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12
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IJzerman H, Heine ECE, Nagel SK, Pronk TM. Modernizing Relationship Therapy through Social Thermoregulation Theory: Evidence, Hypotheses, and Explorations. Front Psychol 2017; 8:635. [PMID: 28507525 PMCID: PMC5410611 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present article the authors propose to modernize relationship therapy by integrating novel sensor and actuator technologies that can help optimize people's thermoregulation, especially as they pertain to social contexts. Specifically, they propose to integrate Social Thermoregulation Theory (IJzerman et al., 2015a; IJzerman and Hogerzeil, 2017) into Emotionally Focused Therapy by first doing exploratory research during couples' therapy, followed by Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs). The authors thus suggest crafting a Social Thermoregulation Therapy (STT) as enhancement to existing relationship therapies. The authors outline what is known and not known in terms of social thermoregulatory mechanisms, what kind of data collection and analyses are necessary to better understand social thermoregulatory mechanisms to craft interventions, and stress the need to conduct RCTs prior to implementation. They further warn against too hastily applying these theoretical perspectives. The article concludes by outlining why STT is the way forward in improving relationship functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans IJzerman
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, CharlottesvilleVA, USA
| | - Emma C. E. Heine
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Saskia K. Nagel
- Department of Philosophy, University of TwenteEnschede, Netherlands
| | - Tila M. Pronk
- Department of Social and Organisational Psychology, Tilburg UniversityTilburg, Netherlands
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13
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Stephan JG, Low M, Stenberg JA, Björkman C. Predator hunting mode and host plant quality shape attack‐abatement patterns of predation risk in an insect herbivore. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg G. Stephan
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural Sciences PO Box 7044 SE‐75007 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Matthew Low
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural Sciences PO Box 7044 SE‐75007 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Johan A. Stenberg
- Department of Plant Protection BiologySwedish University of Agricultural Sciences PO Box 102 SE‐23053 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Christer Björkman
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural Sciences PO Box 7044 SE‐75007 Uppsala Sweden
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14
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Ebensperger LA, Correa LA, León C, Ramírez‐Estrada J, Abades S, Villegas Á, Hayes LD. The modulating role of group stability on fitness effects of group size is different in females and males of a communally rearing rodent. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:1502-1515. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Ebensperger
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Loreto A. Correa
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Cecilia León
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Juan Ramírez‐Estrada
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Sebastian Abades
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB) Las Palmeras 3425 Santiago Chile
| | - Álvaro Villegas
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Loren D. Hayes
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Chattanooga TN 37403 USA
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15
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Viblanc VA, Saraux C, Murie JO, Dobson FS. Kin effects on energy allocation in group-living ground squirrels. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:1361-9. [PMID: 27263469 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The social environment has potent effects on individual phenotype and fitness in group-living species. We asked whether the presence of kin might act on energy allocation, a central aspect of life-history variation. Using a 22-year data set on reproductive and somatic allocations in Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus), we tested the effects of co-breeding and non-breeding kin on the fitness and energy allocation balance between reproduction and personal body condition of individual females. Greater numbers of co-breeding kin had a positive effect on the number of offspring weaned, through the mechanism of altering energy allocation patterns. On average, females with higher numbers of co-breeding kin did not increase energy income but biased energy allocation towards reproduction. Co-breeding female kin ground squirrels maintain close nest burrows, likely providing a social buffer against territorial invasions from non-kin ground squirrels. Lower aggressiveness, lower risks of infanticide from female kin and greater protection of territorial boundaries may allow individual females to derive net fitness benefits via their energy allocation strategies. We demonstrated the importance of kin effects on a fundamental life-history trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A Viblanc
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Département Ecologie Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE), Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, France.,CNRS, UMR7178, Strasbourg, 67087, France
| | - Claire Saraux
- UMR MARBEC, IFREMER (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer), Sète, France
| | - Jan O Murie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - F Stephen Dobson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 311 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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16
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Asari Y, Yanagawa H. A Preliminary Study of Communal Nesting of Siberian Flying SquirrelsPteromys volansin Japan. MAMMAL STUDY 2016. [DOI: 10.3106/041.041.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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On cognitive ecology and the environmental factors that promote Alzheimer disease: lessons from Octodon degus (Rodentia: Octodontidae). Biol Res 2016; 49:10. [PMID: 26897365 PMCID: PMC4761148 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-016-0074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive ecologist posits that the more efficiently an animal uses information from the biotic and abiotic environment, the more adaptive are its cognitive abilities. Nevertheless, this approach does not test for natural neurodegenerative processes under field or experimental conditions, which may recover animals information processing and decision making and may explain, mechanistically, maladaptive behaviors. Here, we call for integrative approaches to explain the relationship between ultimate and proximate mechanisms behind social behavior. We highlight the importance of using the endemic caviomorph rodent Octodon degus as a valuable natural model for mechanistic studies of social behavior and to explain how physical environments can shape social experiences that might influence impaired cognitive abilities and the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease. We consequently suggest neuroecological approaches to examine how key elements of the environment may affect neural and cognitive mechanisms associated with learning, memory processes and brain structures involved in social behavior. We propose the following three core objectives of a program comprising interdisciplinary research in O. degus, namely: (1) to determine whether diet types provided after weaning can lead to cognitive impairment associated with spatial memory, learning and predisposing to develop Alzheimer disease in younger ages; (2) to examine if early life social experience has long term effects on behavior and cognitive responses and risk for development Alzheimer disease in later life and (3) To determine if an increase of social interactions in adult degu reared in different degree of social stressful conditions alter their behavior and cognitive responses.
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18
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Communal nesting is explained by subsequent mating rather than kinship or thermoregulation in the Siberian flying squirrel. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Correa LA, Zapata B, Samaniego H, Soto-Gamboa M. Social structure in a family group of Guanaco (Lama guanicoe, Ungulate): Is female hierarchy based on ‘prior attributes’ or ‘social dynamics’? Behav Processes 2013; 98:92-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Hinze A, Rymer T, Pillay N. Spatial dichotomy of sociality in the
A
frican ice rat. J Zool (1987) 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Hinze
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Science University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - T. Rymer
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Science University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - N. Pillay
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Science University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
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21
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Robert K, Garant D, Vander Wal E, Pelletier F. Context-dependent social behaviour: testing the interplay between season and kinship with raccoons. J Zool (1987) 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Robert
- Département de biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - D. Garant
- Département de biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - E. Vander Wal
- Département de biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - F. Pelletier
- Canada Research Chair in Evolutionary Demography and Conservation; Département de biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
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22
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Lötter TK, Pillay N. Post-Weaning Social behaviour within Mother—Offspring Groups of the Bushveld Gerbil,Gerbilliscus leucogaster: Implications for Dispersal. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.3377/004.047.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Taraborelli P, Gregorio P, Moreno P, Novaro A, Carmanchahi P. Cooperative vigilance: The guanaco's (Lama guanicoe) key antipredator mechanism. Behav Processes 2012; 91:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Choleris E, Clipperton-Allen AE, Phan A, Valsecchi P, Kavaliers M. Estrogenic involvement in social learning, social recognition and pathogen avoidance. Front Neuroendocrinol 2012; 33:140-59. [PMID: 22369749 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sociality comes with specific cognitive skills that allow the proper processing of information about others (social recognition), as well as of information originating from others (social learning). Because sociality and social interactions can also facilitate the spread of infection among individuals the ability to recognize and avoid pathogen threat is also essential. We review here various studies primarily from the rodent literature supporting estrogenic involvement in the regulation of social recognition, social learning (socially acquired food preferences and mate choice copying) and the recognition and avoidance of infected and potentially infected individuals. We consider both genomic and rapid estrogenic effects involving estrogen receptors α and β, and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1, along with their interactions with neuropeptide systems in the processing of social stimuli and the regulation and expression of these various socially relevant behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Choleris
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
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25
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Ebensperger LA, Rivera DS, Hayes LD. Direct fitness of group living mammals varies with breeding strategy, climate and fitness estimates. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:1013-23. [PMID: 22384924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. Understanding how variation in fitness relates to variation in group living remains critical to determine whether this major aspect of social behaviour is currently adaptive. 2. Available evidence in social mammals aimed to examine this issue remains controversial. Studies show positive (i.e. potentially adaptive), neutral or even negative fitness effects of group living. 3. Attempts to explain this variation rely on intrinsic and extrinsic factors to social groups. Thus, relatively more positive fitness effects are predicted in singularly breeding as opposed to plural breeding species. Fitness effects of sociality in turn may depend on ecological conditions (i.e. extrinsic factors) that influence associated benefits and costs. 4. We used meta-analytic tools to review how breeding strategy or ecological conditions influence the effect size associated with direct fitness-sociality relationships reported in the mammalian literature. Additionally, we determined how taxonomic affiliation of species studied, different fitness and sociality measures used, and major climatic conditions of study sites explained any variation in direct fitness effect size. 5. We found group living had modest, yet positive effects on direct fitness. This generally adaptive scenario was contingent not only upon breeding strategy and climate of study sites, but also on fitness measures examined. Thus, positive and significant effects characterized singular as opposed to plural breeding strategies. 6. We found more positive fitness effects on studies conducted in tropical as opposed to temperate or arid climates. More positive and significant effects were noted on studies that relied on group fecundity, male fecundity and offspring survival as measures of fitness. 7. To conclude, direct fitness consequences of mammalian group living are driven by interspecific differences in breeding strategy and climate conditions. Other factors not examined in this study, namely individual variation in direct and indirect fitness benefits and potential interactions between social and ecological conditions, may be important and require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Ebensperger
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología and Biodiversidad (CASEB), and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
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Smorkatcheva AV, Orlova DV. Effect of polygyny on female reproductive success in the mandarin vole, Microtus mandarinus (Rodentia, Arvicolinae). BIOL BULL+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359011070089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Ecological drivers of group living in two populations of the communally rearing rodent, Octodon degus. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2011; 66:261-274. [PMID: 22344477 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-011-1274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in sociality is thought to reflect a trade-off between current fitness benefits and costs that emerge from individuals' decision to join or leave groups. Since those benefits and costs may be influenced by ecological conditions, ecological variation remains a major, ultimate cause of intraspecific variation in sociality. Intraspecific comparisons of mammalian sociality across populations facing different environmental conditions have not provided a consistent relationship between ecological variation and group-living. Thus, we studied two populations of the communally rearing rodent Octodon degus to determine how co-variation between sociality and ecology supports alternative ecological causes of group living. In particular, we examined how variables linked to predation risk, thermal conditions, burrowing costs, and food availability predicted temporal and population variation in sociality. Our study revealed population and temporal variation in total group size and group composition that covaried with population and yearly differences in ecology. In particular, predation risk and burrowing costs are supported as drivers of this social variation in degus. Thermal differences, food quantity and quality were not significant predictors of social group size. In contrast to between populations, social variation within populations was largely uncoupled from ecological differences.
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28
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Franco M, Quijano A, Soto-Gamboa M. Communal nesting, activity patterns, and population characteristics in the near-threatened monito del monte, Dromiciops gliroides. J Mammal 2011. [DOI: 10.1644/10-mamm-a-256.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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29
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Andino N, Reus L, Cappa FM, Campos VE, Giannoni SM. Social Environment and Agonistic Interactions: Strategies in a Small Social Mammal. Ethology 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Maher CR, Burger JR. Intraspecific variation in space use, group size, and mating systems of caviomorph rodents. J Mammal 2011; 92:54-64. [PMID: 22328790 DOI: 10.1644/09-mamm-s-317.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in social systems is widely recognized across many taxa, and specific models, including polygamy potential, resource defense, and resource dispersion, have been developed to explain the relationship between ecological variation and social organization. Although mammals from temperate North America and Eurasia have provided many insights into this relationship, rodents from the Neotropics and temperate South America have largely been ignored. In this review we focus on reports documenting intraspecific variation in spacing systems, group size, and mating systems of caviomorphs. This large group of New World hystricognath rodents occupies a diverse array of habitats; thus, members of the same species potentially exhibit different social systems in response to different ecological conditions. Spatial patterns vary in response to a diverse array of factors, including predation, food availability, population density, and soil characteristics. Changes in group size typically correlate with changes in resource availability, particularly food. Mating systems generally reflect the ability of males to control access to females, which may depend on population density or food distribution. In general, social organization in caviomorphs fits predictions of resource-based models; however, most studies have been purely observational, involving small numbers of animals over short time periods and reporting qualitative rather than quantitative levels of ecological correlates. In future studies the use of molecular techniques and controlled, experimental manipulations can increase our understanding of intraspecific variation in caviomorph social systems. This understudied group of rodents offers excellent opportunities to provide insights into the influence of ecological conditions on behavior such as social systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Maher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04103, USA
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31
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Herrera EA, Salas V, Congdon ER, Corriale MJ, Tang-Martínez Z. Capybara social structure and dispersal patterns: variations on a theme. J Mammal 2011. [DOI: 10.1644/09-mamm-s-420.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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32
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Santos JWA, Lacey EA. Burrow sharing in the desert-adapted torch-tail spiny rat,Trinomys yonenagae. J Mammal 2011. [DOI: 10.1644/09-mamm-s-389.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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33
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Ebensperger LA, Chesh AS, Castro RA, Tolhuysen LO, Quirici V, Burger JR, Sobrero R, Hayes LD. Burrow limitations and group living in the communally rearing rodent, Octodon degus. J Mammal 2011; 92:21-30. [PMID: 22328789 PMCID: PMC3277429 DOI: 10.1644/09-mamm-s-383.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Group living is thought to evolve whenever individuals attain a net fitness advantage due to reduced predation risk or enhanced foraging efficiency, but also when individuals are forced to remain in groups, which often occurs during high-density conditions due to limitations of critical resources for independent breeding. The influence of ecological limitations on sociality has been studied little in species in which reproduction is more evenly shared among group members. Previous studies in the caviomorph rodent Octodon degus (a New World hystricognath) revealed no evidence that group living confers an advantage and suggest that burrow limitations influence formation of social groups. Our objective was to examine the relevance of ecological limitations on sociality in these rodents. Our 4-year study revealed no association between degu density and use of burrow systems. The frequency with which burrow systems were used by degus was not related to the quality of these structures; only in 1 of the 4 years did the frequency of burrow use decrease with decreasing abundance of food. Neither the number of females per group nor total group size (related measures of degu sociality) changed with yearly density of degus. Although the number of males within social groups was lower in 2008, this variation was not related clearly to varying density. The percentage of females in social groups that bred was close to 99% and did not change across years of varying density. Our results suggest that sociality in degus is not the consequence of burrow limitations during breeding. Whether habitat limitations contribute to variation in vertebrate social systems is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Ebensperger
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad, and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, 6513677, Santiago, Chile (LAE, RAC, LOT, VQ, RS). Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA (ASC, JRB, LDH)
| | - Adrian S. Chesh
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad, and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, 6513677, Santiago, Chile (LAE, RAC, LOT, VQ, RS). Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA (ASC, JRB, LDH)
| | - Rodrigo A. Castro
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad, and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, 6513677, Santiago, Chile (LAE, RAC, LOT, VQ, RS). Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA (ASC, JRB, LDH)
| | - Liliana Ortiz Tolhuysen
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad, and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, 6513677, Santiago, Chile (LAE, RAC, LOT, VQ, RS). Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA (ASC, JRB, LDH)
| | - Verónica Quirici
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad, and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, 6513677, Santiago, Chile (LAE, RAC, LOT, VQ, RS). Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA (ASC, JRB, LDH)
| | - Joseph Robert Burger
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad, and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, 6513677, Santiago, Chile (LAE, RAC, LOT, VQ, RS). Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA (ASC, JRB, LDH)
| | - Raúl Sobrero
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad, and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, 6513677, Santiago, Chile (LAE, RAC, LOT, VQ, RS). Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA (ASC, JRB, LDH)
| | - Loren D. Hayes
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad, and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, 6513677, Santiago, Chile (LAE, RAC, LOT, VQ, RS). Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA (ASC, JRB, LDH)
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Hayes LD, Burger JR, Soto-Gamboa M, Sobrero R, Ebensperger LA. Towards an integrative model of sociality in caviomorph rodents. J Mammal 2011; 92:65-77. [PMID: 22328791 PMCID: PMC3277430 DOI: 10.1644/10-mamm-s-039.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the late 1990s and early 2000s it was recognized that behavioral ecologists needed to study the sociality of caviomorph rodents (New World hystricognaths) before generalizations about rodent sociality could be made. Researchers identified specific problems facing individuals interested in caviomorph sociality, including a lack of information on the proximate mechanisms of sociality, role of social environment in development, and geographical or intraspecific variation in social systems. Since then researchers have described the social systems of many previously understudied species, including some with broad geographical ranges. Researchers have done a good job of determining the role of social environments in development and identifying the costs and benefits of social living. However, relatively little is known about the proximate mechanisms of social behavior and fitness consequences, limiting progress toward the development of integrative (evolutionary-mechanistic) models for sociality. To develop integrative models behavioral ecologists studying caviomorph rodents must generate information on the fitness consequences of different types of social organization, brain mechanisms, and endocrine substrates of sociality. We review our current understanding and future directions for research in these conceptual areas. A greater understanding of disease ecology, particularly in species carrying Old World parasites, is needed before we can identify potential links between social phenotypes, mechanism, and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren D. Hayes
- Department of Biology, 700 University Avenue, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 72109, USA
| | - Joseph Robert Burger
- Department of Biology, 700 University Avenue, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 72109, USA
- Department of Biology, MSC03 2020/1, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Mauricio Soto-Gamboa
- Instituto de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla teja S/N, Casilla 567, Chile
| | - Raúl Sobrero
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad and Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Ebensperger
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad and Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
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Fisher DO, Nuske S, Green S, Seddon JM, McDonald B. The evolution of sociality in small, carnivorous marsupials: the lek hypothesis revisited. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-010-1060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Multiple paternities increase genetic diversity of offspring in Brandt's voles. Behav Processes 2010; 84:745-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Fischer JW, Joos RE, Neubaum MA, Taylor JD, Bergman DL, Nolte DL, Piaggio AJ. Lactating North American Beavers (Castor canadensis) Sharing Dens in the Southwestern United States. SOUTHWEST NAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1894/tal-06.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Early life influences on emotional reactivity: Evidence that social enrichment has greater effects than handling on anxiety-like behaviors, neuroendocrine responses to stress and central BDNF levels. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 34:808-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Campbell P, Ophir AG, Phelps SM. Central vasopressin and oxytocin receptor distributions in two species of singing mice. J Comp Neurol 2009; 516:321-33. [PMID: 19637308 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptides arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) are key modulators of vertebrate sociality. Although some general behavioral functions of AVP and OT are broadly conserved, the detailed consequences of peptide release seem to be regulated by species-specific patterns of receptor distribution. We used autoradiography to characterize central vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR) and OT receptor (OTR) distributions in two species of singing mice, ecologically specialized Central American rodents with a highly developed form of vocal communication. While both species exhibited high V1aR binding in the auditory thalamus (medial geniculate), binding in structures involved in vocal production (periaqueductal gray and anterior hypothalamus) was significantly higher in the more vocal species, Scotinomys teguina. In S. xerampelinus, receptor binding was significantly higher in a suite of interconnected structures implicated in social and spatial memory, including OTR in the hippocampus and medial amygdala, and V1aR in the anterior and laterodorsal thalamus. This pattern is concordant with species differences in population density and social spacing, which should favor enhanced sociospatial memory in S. xerampelinus. We propose that V1aR and OTR distributions in singing mice support an integral role for the AVP/OT system in several aspects of sociality, including vocal communication and sociospatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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40
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Phelps SM, Campbell P, Zheng DJ, Ophir AG. Beating the boojum: comparative approaches to the neurobiology of social behavior. Neuropharmacology 2009; 58:17-28. [PMID: 19591851 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides coordinate complex social behaviors important to both basic and applied science. Understanding such phenomena requires supplementing the powerful tools of behavioral neuroscience with less conventional model species and more rigorous evolutionary analyses. We review studies that use comparative methods to examine the roles of vasopressin and oxytocin in mammalian social behavior. We find that oxytocin and vasopressin receptor distributions are remarkably variable within species. Studies of socially monogamous prairie voles reveal that pronounced individual differences in spatial memory structures (retrosplenial cortex and hippocampus) are better predictors of social and sexual fidelity than are areas known to regulate pairbonding directly, a pattern that seems to be mediated by the contributions of the neuropeptides to space use in natural settings. We next examine studies of individual and species differences in cis-regulatory regions of the avpr1a locus. While individual differences in social behaviors are linked to length of a microsatellite at the avpr1a locus, phylogenetic analyses reveal that the presence or absence of a microsatellite does not explain major differences between species. There seems to be no simple relationship between microsatellite length and behavior, but rather microsatellite length may be a marker for more subtle sequence differences between individuals. Lastly, we introduce the singing mouse, Scotinomys teguina, whose neuropeptide receptor distributions and unique natural history make it an exciting new model for mammalian vocalization and social cognition. The findings demonstrate how taxonomic and conceptual diversity provide a broader basis for understanding social behavior and its dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Phelps
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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41
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Liu W, Wang G, Wan XR, Zhong WQ. Effects of supplemental food on the social organization of Mongolian gerbils during the breeding season. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - G. Wang
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - X. R. Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - W. Q. Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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42
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Ebensperger LA, Chesh AS, Castro RA, Tolhuysen LO, Quirici V, Burger JR, Hayes LD. Instability Rules Social Groups in the Communal Breeder RodentOctodon degus. Ethology 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Branchi I, D'Andrea I, Gracci F, Santucci D, Alleva E. Birth spacing in the mouse communal nest shapes adult emotional and social behavior. Physiol Behav 2008; 96:532-9. [PMID: 19135074 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The interactions with the mother and with peers are among the most relevant early environmental factors shaping adult brain function and behavior. In order to investigate the role of these factors, we exploited a novel early manipulation, the Communal Nest (CN), consisting in a single nest where three mothers give birth, keep their pups and share care-giving behavior from birth to weaning. In particular, we reared CD-1 swiss mice in three different CN conditions, each one characterized by a different interval between the three deliveries (Birth Spacing) of 3, 5 or 7 days (respectively, CN+/-3, CN+/-5, CN+/-7). Length of birth spacing affected maternal behavior, CN+/-7 pups receiving the highest levels. At adulthood, mice reared in the different conditions showed differences in emotional response and social skills. In the plus maze test, short birth spacing was found to be associated with enhanced emotionality, CN+/-3 mice showing highest levels of anxiety-like responses in the plus maze compared to the other two CN groups. In the social interaction test, the strategies to achieve dominance differed among the three groups. While CN+/-3 mice appeared to have a more aggressive strategy, displaying high levels of attack behavior in the first encounter, CN+/-5 and CN+/-7 mice displayed a more affiliative strategy based on social investigation. Overall, these findings show that birth spacing shapes the early mouse social environment and, in turn, affects the development of social skills and emotional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Branchi
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy.
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44
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Ebensperger LA, Hayes LD. On the dynamics of rodent social groups. Behav Processes 2008; 79:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Branchi I. The mouse communal nest: investigating the epigenetic influences of the early social environment on brain and behavior development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008; 33:551-9. [PMID: 18471879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the epigenetic factors shaping brain and behavior during early postnatal life, social experiences have a major impact. Early social experiences are mainly of two kinds: mother-offspring and peer interaction. In rodents, the latter has so far been rarely studied. The communal nest (CN) is an innovative experimental strategy that favors an exhaustive investigation of the long-term effects not only of mother-offspring but also of peer interaction. CN is a rearing condition employed by up to 90% of mouse females in naturalistic settings and consists of a single nest where two or more mothers keep their pups together and share care-giving. Mice reared in a communal nest display relevant changes in brain function and behavior, including high levels of neural plasticity markers, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and elaborate adult social competencies. Overall, CN appears as an experimental strategy different and complementary to the ones currently used for studying how the early environment determines developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Branchi
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy.
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46
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Li FH, Zhong WQ, Wang Z, Wang DH. Rank in a food competition test and humoral immune functions in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). Physiol Behav 2007; 90:490-5. [PMID: 17141282 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Revised: 10/07/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Social status can influence an animal's immune and reproductive functions, eventually leading to alterations in immunocompetence and reproductive success. Here, we report that rank assessed in a food competition test, considered as an index of social status, has significant influences on humoral immune functions in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) living in a group. Our data reveal a negative correlation of the spleen mass and serum antibody levels with social status, as well as a positive correlation of serum cortisol levels with social status. Males winning in food competition had a smaller spleen, a lower level of serum antibodies, and a higher level of serum cortisol than did their conspecific counterparts. These data indicate interactions between social status and humoral immune functions and might illustrate a trade-off between infection risks and reproductive success in male Brandt's voles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 25 Beisihuan Xilu, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China
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47
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Edelman AJ, Koprowski JL. Communal Nesting in Asocial Abert's Squirrels: the Role of Social Thermoregulation and Breeding Strategy. Ethology 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Hayes LD, Chesh AS, Ebensperger LA. Ecological Predictors of Range Areas and Use of Burrow Systems in the Diurnal Rodent, Octodon degus. Ethology 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Ebensperger LA, Taraborelli P, Giannoni SM, José Hurtado M, León C, Bozinovic F. NEST AND SPACE USE IN A HIGHLAND POPULATION OF THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAIN CAVY (MICROCAVIA AUSTRALIS). J Mammal 2006. [DOI: 10.1644/05-mamm-a-407r2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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50
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Branchi I, Alleva E. Communal nesting, an early social enrichment, increases the adult anxiety-like response and shapes the role of social context in modulating the emotional behavior. Behav Brain Res 2006; 172:299-306. [PMID: 16806520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Early experiences affect brain function and behavior at adulthood. Being reared in a communal nest (CN), consisting in a single nest where three mothers keep their pups together and share care-giving behavior from birth to weaning (postnatal day 25), provides a highly stimulating social environment to the developing pup. CN characterizes the natural ecological niche of many rodent species including the mouse. Here we show that, at adulthood, compared to mice reared in standard laboratory conditions (SN), CN reared mice displayed increased anxiety-like behavior, performing more thigmotaxis in the open field and spending less time in the open arms of the plus-maze. Furthermore, we showed that social context (being alone or with a familiar conspecific in the test apparatus) affects the emotional response in both the plus-maze and open field test and that the relevance of social context changes according to the early social experiences. In particular, CN mice display higher levels of anxiety-like behavior, compared to SN mice, only when alone but not in the presence of a familiar conspecific. Overall, in line with previous findings, the present study suggests that CN mice have a more elaborate social and emotional behavior compared to SN mice and thus may be more appropriate to investigate socio-emotional impairments, in particular in the case of mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, or anxiety and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Branchi
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
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