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Laway BA, Blouria BPS, Jan RA, Bhat MH, Choh NA. Adrenal morphology and cortical function in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis: response to antituberculosis treatment. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2024; 68:e210514. [PMID: 38427810 PMCID: PMC10948036 DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2021-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Objective Enlargement of the adrenal glands and variable adrenocortical function have been reported in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and, in a few studies, in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). However, none of the studies have evaluated the course of the adrenal morphology in these patients. Subjects and methods Prospective study including 37 patients with EPTB and 37 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. The adrenal function was evaluated by measurement of cortisol levels at baseline and after stimulation with ACTH (Acton Prolongatum) before and 6 months after antituberculosis treatment. The size of both adrenal glands was evaluated using 64-slice computed tomography (CT) scanning before and 6 months after treatment. The findings were compared with those in a group of healthy matched controls. Results Clinical and biochemical parameters were comparable between groups. The mean baseline serum cortisol level was significantly lower in the EPTB group (397.1 ± 184.9 nmol/L) compared with the control group (696.3 ± 101.8 nmol/L). Compared with controls, patients with EPTB had significantly lower mean cortisol levels at baseline and 1 hour after ACTH, both before (397 ± 184.9 nmol/L and 750.7 ± 176.8 nmol/L, respectively) and after (529.7 ± 100.4 nmol/L and 1017.2 ± 119.7 nmol/L, respectively) antituberculosis treatment. Both the length and thickness of the right and left adrenal glands were greater in patients with EPTB than in controls but became comparable to those in controls after treatment completion. Conclusion Patients with EPTB have an enlarged adrenal size and low baseline and stimulated serum cortisol levels. After treatment completion, cortisol levels increased significantly, and the adrenal size normalized in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Ahmad Laway
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India,
| | | | - Rafi Ahmad Jan
- General Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Moomin Hussain Bhat
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Naseer Ahmad Choh
- Radio Diagnosis and Imaging, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
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2
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Tyczewska M, Sujka-Kordowska P, Szyszka M, Jopek K, Blatkiewicz M, Malendowicz LK, Rucinski M. Transcriptome Profile of the Rat Adrenal Gland: Parenchymal and Interstitial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119159. [PMID: 37298112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeostasis of the adrenal gland plays a decisive role in its proper functioning, both in non-stressful conditions and under the influence of various types of stress. This consists of interactions between all types of cells that make up the organ, including parenchymal and interstitial cells. The amount of available information on this subject in the rat adrenal glands under non-stressful conditions is insufficient; the aim of the research was to determine the expression of marker genes for rat adrenal cells depending on their location. The material for the study consisted of adrenal glands taken from intact adult male rats that were separated into appropriate zones. Transcriptome analysis by means of Affymetrix® Rat Gene 2.1 ST Array was used in the study, followed by real-time PCR validation. Expression analysis of interstitial cell marker genes revealed both the amount of expression of these genes and the zone in which they were expressed. The expression of marker genes for fibroblasts was particularly high in the cells of the ZG zone, while the highest expression of specific macrophage genes was observed in the adrenal medulla. The results of this study, especially with regard to interstitial cells, provide a so far undescribed model of marker gene expression of various cells, both in the cortex and medulla of the sexually mature rat adrenal gland. The interdependence between parenchymal and interstitial cells creates a specific microenvironment that is highly heterogeneous within the gland with respect to some of the interstitial cells. This phenomenon most likely depends on the interaction with the differentiated parenchymal cells of the cortex, as well as the medulla of the gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tyczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Patrycja Sujka-Kordowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Szyszka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Karol Jopek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Blatkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ludwik K Malendowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Rucinski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
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3
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Kanczkowski W, Gaba WH, Krone N, Varga Z, Beuschlein F, Hantel C, Andoniadou C, Bornstein SR. Adrenal Gland Function and Dysfunction During COVID-19. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:532-539. [PMID: 35944524 DOI: 10.1055/a-1873-2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently one of the major health concerns worldwide accounting for many deaths and posing a great social and economic burden. Early activation of adrenal hormone secretion is pivotal to surviving systemic microbial infections. In addition, clinical studies demonstrated that glucocorticoids might also be beneficial in reducing disease progression and life deterioration in certain patients with COVID-19. Recent studies demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 might target the adrenal glands, raising the possibility that at least some COVID-19 complications may be associated with adrenal dysfunction. Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection might cause adrenal dysfunction remains unknown. Histopathological examinations provided evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection might indeed cause certain structural damage to the adrenal glands, especially concerning its vascular system. However, since no widespread cellular damage to cortical cells was observed, it is less likely that those changes could lead to an immediate adrenal crisis. This assumption is supported by the limited number of studies reporting rather adequate cortisol levels in patients with acute COVID-19. Those studies, however, could not exclude a potential late-onset or milder form of adrenal insufficiency. Although structural damage to adrenal glands is a rarely reported complication of COVID-19, some patients might develop a critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI), or iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency resulting from prolonged treatment with synthetic glucocorticoids. In this mini-review article, we aimed at describing and discussing factors involved in the adrenal gland function and possible dysfunction during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Kanczkowski
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Waqar Haider Gaba
- Internal Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nils Krone
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cynthia Andoniadou
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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4
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Lin X, Gu Y, Su Y, Dong Y, Major P, Kapoor A, Tang D. Prediction of Adrenocortical Carcinoma Relapse and Prognosis with a Set of Novel Multigene Panels. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112805. [PMID: 35681785 PMCID: PMC9179637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective assessment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) prognosis is critical in patient management. We report four novel and robust prognostic multigene panels. Sig27var25, SigIQvar8, SigCmbnvar5, and SigCmbn_B predict ACC relapse at area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89, 0.79, 0.78, and 0.80, respectively, and fatality at AUC of 0.91, 0.88, 0.85, and 0.87, respectively. Among their 33 component genes, 31 are novel. They could be differentially expressed in ACCs from normal tissues, tumors with different severity (stages and lymph node metastasis), ACCs with TP53 mutations, and tumors with differentially expressed immune checkpoints (CTLA4, PD1, TGFBR1, and others). All panels correlate with reductions of ACC-associated CD8+ and/or NK cells. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence for the association of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with ACC relapse (p = 2 × 10−6) and prognosis (p = 2 × 10−8). Sig27var25, SigIQvar8, SigCmbnvar5, and SigCmbn_B correlate with MSC (spearman r ≥ 0.53, p ≤ 1.38 × 10−5). Sig27var25 and SigIQvar8 were derived from a prostate cancer (PC) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) multigene signature, respectively; SigCmbnvar5 and SigCmbn_B are combinations of both panels, revealing close relationships of ACC with PC and ccRCC. The origin of these four panels from PC and ccRCC favors their prognostic potential towards ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozeng Lin
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.D.)
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yan Gu
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.D.)
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yingying Su
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.D.)
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ying Dong
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.D.)
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Pierre Major
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada;
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.D.)
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (D.T.); Tel.: +1-905-522-1155 (ext. 35218) (A.K.); +1-905-522-1155 (ext. 35168) (D.T.)
| | - Damu Tang
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.D.)
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (D.T.); Tel.: +1-905-522-1155 (ext. 35218) (A.K.); +1-905-522-1155 (ext. 35168) (D.T.)
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5
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Hargreaves A, Barry ST, Bigley A, Kendrew J, Price S. Tumors Modulate the Systemic Vascular Response to Anti‐angiogenic Therapy. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1371-1384. [PMID: 35152467 PMCID: PMC9543901 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Toxicologic evaluation of new drug candidates routinely utilizes healthy animals. In oncology, there remains a limited understanding of the effects of novel test candidates in a diseased host. For vascular modulating agents (VMAs), an increased understanding of preclinical tumour–host interaction, and its potential to exacerbate or alleviate ‘off‐target’ effects of anti‐angiogenic administration, could aid in the prediction of adverse clinical outcomes in a defined cancer patient. We have previously reported that the implantation and growth of a range of human‐ and mouse‐derived tumours leads to structural vascular and, potentially, functional signalling changes within host mouse endocrine tissues, indicating possible roles for tumour‐ and host‐derived cytokines/growth factors and the liberation of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in this phenomenon. Here, we further demonstrate that the growth of the Calu‐6 xenograft is associated with a resistance to VMA‐induced mouse peripheral endocrine vascular rarefaction (toxicity), with potential functional impact, notably with respect to mixed tyrosine kinase inhibition. The pathogenesis of these findings indicates a potential role for both tumour‐ and host‐derived basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), with associated upregulation in the intra‐tumoural autotaxin‐lysophosphatic acid signalling axis. The growth of the Calu‐6 xenograft is associated with a resistance to vascular modulating agent‐induced mouse peripheral endocrine vascular rarefaction (toxicity), with potential functional impact, notably with respect to mixed tyrosine kinase inhibition. The pathogenesis of these findings indicates a potential role for basic fibroblast growth factor, with associated upregulation in the autotaxin‐lysophosphatic acid signalling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hargreaves
- PathCelerate Ltd., Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield England, UK
- University of Surrey, University Campus, Guildford England, UK
| | - Simon T. Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge England, UK
| | - Alison Bigley
- OracleBio Ltd., BioCity Scotland, North Lanarkshire Scotland, UK
| | - Jane Kendrew
- Sygnature Discovery Ltd., Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield England, UK
| | - Shirley Price
- University of Surrey, University Campus, Guildford England, UK
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6
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Tseilikman V, Komelkova M, Kondashevskaya MV, Manukhina E, Downey HF, Chereshnev V, Chereshneva M, Platkovskii P, Goryacheva A, Pashkov A, Fedotova J, Tseilikman O, Maltseva N, Cherkasova O, Steenblock C, Bornstein SR, Ettrich B, Chrousos GP, Ullmann E. A Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome Causes Phenotype-Associated Morphological Changes and Hypofunction of the Adrenal Gland. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413235. [PMID: 34948031 PMCID: PMC8705403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rats exposed to chronic predator scent stress mimic the phenotype of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in humans, including altered adrenal morphology and function. High- and low-anxiety phenotypes have been described in rats exposed to predator scent stress (PSS). This study aimed to determine whether these high- and low-anxiety phenotypes correlate with changes in adrenal histomorphology and corticosteroid production. Methods: Rats were exposed to PSS for ten days. Thirty days later, the rats’ anxiety index (AI) was assessed with an elevated plus-maze test. Based on differences in AI, the rats were segregated into low- (AI ≤ 0.8, n = 9) and high- (AI > 0.8, n = 10) anxiety phenotypes. Plasma corticosterone (CORT) concentrations were measured by ELISA. Adrenal CORT, desoxyCORT, and 11-dehydroCORT were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. After staining with hematoxylin and eosin, adrenal histomorphometric changes were evaluated by measuring the thickness of the functional zones of the adrenal cortex. Results: Decreased plasma CORT concentrations, as well as decreased adrenal CORT, desoxyCORT and 11-dehydroCORT concentrations, were observed in high- but not in low-anxiety phenotypes. These decreases were associated with increases in AI. PSS led to a significant decrease in the thickness of the zona fasciculata and an increase in the thickness of the zona intermedia. The increase in the thickness of the zona intermedia was more pronounced in low-anxiety than in high-anxiety rats. A decrease in the adrenal capsule thickness was observed only in low-anxiety rats. The nucleus diameter of cells in the zona fasciculata of high-anxiety rats was significantly smaller than that of control or low-anxiety rats. Conclusion: Phenotype-associated changes in adrenal function and histomorphology were observed in a rat model of complex post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Tseilikman
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.T.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (H.F.D.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (N.M.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Maria Komelkova
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.T.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (H.F.D.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (N.M.); (G.P.C.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (V.C.); (M.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Marina V. Kondashevskaya
- Laboratory for Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Eugenia Manukhina
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.T.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (H.F.D.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (N.M.); (G.P.C.)
- Laboratory for Regulatory Mechanisms of Stress and Adaptation, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - H. Fred Downey
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.T.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (H.F.D.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (N.M.); (G.P.C.)
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Valerii Chereshnev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (V.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Margarita Chereshneva
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (V.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Pavel Platkovskii
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.T.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (H.F.D.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (N.M.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Anna Goryacheva
- Laboratory for Regulatory Mechanisms of Stress and Adaptation, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anton Pashkov
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.T.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (H.F.D.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (N.M.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Julia Fedotova
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, 6 Emb. Makarova, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- International Research Centre “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium”, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Tseilikman
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.T.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (H.F.D.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (N.M.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Natalya Maltseva
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.T.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (H.F.D.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (N.M.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Olga Cherkasova
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Laser Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Charlotte Steenblock
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (C.S.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (C.S.); (S.R.B.)
- Rayne Institute, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Kings College London, London SE5 9PJ, UK
| | - Barbara Ettrich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - George P. Chrousos
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.T.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (H.F.D.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (N.M.); (G.P.C.)
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Enrico Ullmann
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (V.T.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (H.F.D.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (N.M.); (G.P.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (C.S.); (S.R.B.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Lopez AG, Duparc C, Wils J, Naccache A, Castanet M, Lefebvre H, Louiset E. Steroidogenic cell microenvironment and adrenal function in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111377. [PMID: 34216641 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human adrenal cortex is a complex organ which is composed of various cell types including not only steroidogenic cells but also mesenchymal cells, immunocompetent cells and neurons. Intermingling of these diverse cell populations favors cell-to-cell communication processes involving local release of numerous bioactive signals such as biogenic amines, cytokines and neuropeptides. The resulting paracrine interactions play an important role in the regulation of adrenocortical cell functions both in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Especially, recent evidence indicates that adrenocortical cell microenvironment is involved in the pathogenesis of adrenal disorders associated with corticosteroid excess. The paracrine factors involved in these intraadrenal regulatory mechanisms may thus represent valuable targets for future pharmacological treatments of adrenal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine-Guy Lopez
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen, France; Rouen University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Rouen, France
| | - Céline Duparc
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen, France
| | - Julien Wils
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen, France; Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Naccache
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen, France; Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Rouen, France
| | - Mireille Castanet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen, France; Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Rouen, France
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen, France; Rouen University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Rouen, France.
| | - Estelle Louiset
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen, France
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8
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Borgers JSW, Tobin RP, Torphy RJ, Vorwald VM, Van Gulick RJ, Amato CM, Cogswell DT, Chimed TS, Couts KL, Van Bokhoven A, Raeburn CD, Lewis KD, Wisell J, McCarter MD, Mushtaq RR, Robinson WA. Melanoma Metastases to the Adrenal Gland Are Highly Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2021; 19:jnccn20283. [PMID: 34348236 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2020.7800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenal gland metastases (AGMs) are common in advanced-stage melanoma, occurring in up to 50% of patients. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has markedly altered the outcome of patients with melanoma. However, despite significant successes, anecdotal evidence has suggested that treatment responses in AGMs are significantly lower than in other metastatic sites. We sought to investigate whether having an AGM is associated with altered outcomes and whether ICI responses are dampened in the adrenal glands. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively compared ICI responses and overall survival (OS) in 68 patients with melanoma who were diagnosed with an AGM and a control group of 100 patients without AGMs at a single institution. Response was determined using RECIST 1.1. OS was calculated from time of ICI initiation, anti-PD-1 initiation, initial melanoma diagnosis, and stage IV disease diagnosis. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells were characterized in 9 resected AGMs using immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Response rates of AGMs were significantly lower compared with other metastatic sites in patients with AGMs (16% vs 22%) and compared with those without AGMs (55%). Patients with AGMs also had significantly lower median OS compared with those without AGMs (3.1 years vs not reached, respectively). We further observed that despite this, AGMs exhibited high levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of patients with melanoma, those diagnosed with an AGM had lower ICI response rates and OS. These results suggest that tissue-specific microenvironments of AGMs present unique challenges that may require novel, adrenal gland-directed therapies or surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S W Borgers
- 1Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- 2The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Richard P Tobin
- 1Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- 3Center for Rare Melanomas
- 4International Melanoma Biorepository, Center for Rare Melanomas
| | - Robert J Torphy
- 1Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Victoria M Vorwald
- 1Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- 3Center for Rare Melanomas
- 4International Melanoma Biorepository, Center for Rare Melanomas
| | - Robert J Van Gulick
- 3Center for Rare Melanomas
- 4International Melanoma Biorepository, Center for Rare Melanomas
- 5Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Carol M Amato
- 3Center for Rare Melanomas
- 4International Melanoma Biorepository, Center for Rare Melanomas
- 5Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Dasha T Cogswell
- 1Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- 3Center for Rare Melanomas
- 4International Melanoma Biorepository, Center for Rare Melanomas
| | | | - Kasey L Couts
- 4International Melanoma Biorepository, Center for Rare Melanomas
- 5Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Christopher D Raeburn
- 7Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Karl D Lewis
- 4International Melanoma Biorepository, Center for Rare Melanomas
- 5Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Joshua Wisell
- 4International Melanoma Biorepository, Center for Rare Melanomas
- 6Department of Pathology, and
| | - Martin D McCarter
- 1Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- 3Center for Rare Melanomas
- 4International Melanoma Biorepository, Center for Rare Melanomas
| | - Rao R Mushtaq
- 5Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - William A Robinson
- 3Center for Rare Melanomas
- 4International Melanoma Biorepository, Center for Rare Melanomas
- 5Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
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9
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Hargreaves A, Barry ST, Bigley A, Kendrew J, Price S. Tumors modulate fenestrated vascular beds and host endocrine status. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1952-1965. [PMID: 33977518 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Allograft and xenograft transplantation into a mouse host is frequently utilized to study cancer biology, tumor behavior, and response to treatment. Preclinical studies employing these models often focus solely upon the intra-tumoral effects of a given treatment, without consideration of systemic toxicity or tumor-host interaction, nor whether this latter relationship could modulate the toxicologic response to therapy. Here it is demonstrated that the implantation and growth of a range of human- and mouse-derived cell lines leads to structural vascular and, potentially, functional changes within peripheral endocrine tissues, a process that could conceivably ameliorate the severity of anti-angiogenic-induced fenestrated vessel attenuation. Observations suggest a multifactorial process, which may involve host- and tumor-derived cytokines/growth factors, and the liberation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Further investigation revealed a structurally comparable response to the administration of exogenous estrogen. These findings, in addition to providing insight into the development of clinical anti-angiogenic "adaptation," may be of significance within the "cancer-cachexia" and cancer-related anemia syndromes in man.
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10
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Huang L, Liao J, Chen Y, Zou C, Zhang H, Yang X, Zhang Q, Li T, Mo L, Zeng Y, Bao M, Zhang F, Ye Y, Yang Z, Cheng J, Mo Z. Single-cell transcriptomes reveal characteristic features of cell types within the human adrenal microenvironment. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7308-7321. [PMID: 33934358 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Various cells within the adrenal microenvironment are important in maintaining the body homeostasis. However, our understanding of adrenal disease pathogenesis is limited by an incomplete molecular characterization of the cell types responsible for the organ's multiple homeostatic functions. We report a cellular landscape of the human adrenal gland using single-cell RNA sequencing. We reveal characteristic features of cell types within the human adrenal microenvironment and found immune activation of nonimmune cells in the adrenal endothelial cells. We also reveal that abundant immune cells occupied a lot of space in adrenal gland. Additionally, Sex-related diversity in the adrenocortical cells and different gene expression profiles between the left and right adrenal gland are also observed at single-cell resolution. Together, at single-cell resolution, the transcriptomic map presents a comprehensive view of the human adrenal gland, which serves as a fundamental baseline description of this organ and paves a way for the further studies of adrenal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Jinling Liao
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Chunlin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Qinyun Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Linjian Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Yanyu Zeng
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Mengying Bao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Fangxing Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Zhanbin Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Jiwen Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, China
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11
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Waśniewska A, Bukowski P, Szymański R, Januszewicz A, Olewnik Ł. Coexistence of a rare type of ectopic kidney with atypical renal vasculature. Anat Sci Int 2020; 96:326-331. [PMID: 33141422 PMCID: PMC7870757 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of anatomical anomalies is significant for all specialists in clinical practice and may prevent serious complications following medical procedures. This report presents the rare crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE) with atypical renal vasculature in cadaver of a 68-year-old man. The ectopic kidney was located on right side with four renal veins, three renal arteries, two ureters, where one of them is double. The embryological background, as well as the potential clinical significance of this morphological variation, is discussed. An interventional radiological and surgical procedure should be appropriately implemented to treat anomalies of vessels and CFRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Waśniewska
- Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Piotr Bukowski
- Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Łódź, Poland
| | - Rafał Szymański
- Department of Histology, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Olewnik
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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12
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Bornstein SR, Berger I, Scriba L, Santambrogio A, Steenblock C. Adrenal cortex–medulla interactions in adaptation to stress and disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Abstract
Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) and Cushing's syndrome are rare disorders characterized by abnormal secretion of adrenal hormones. All patients with adrenal insufficiency and many with Cushing's syndrome require life-long therapy with the potential to impact the quality of life. Management requires gain of a significant amount of knowledge related to treatment, self-care, and how to react quickly in critical situations. Knowledge deficits related to management may cause patients to become critically ill and may even cause death. Ongoing patient/family teaching is crucial for proper disease management and sustaining the quality of life.
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14
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The clinical relevance of necroinflammation-highlighting the importance of acute kidney injury and the adrenal glands. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:68-82. [PMID: 30224638 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroinflammation is defined as the inflammatory response to necrotic cell death. Different necrotic cell death pathways exhibit different immune reponses, despite a comparable level of intracellular content release (referred to as damage associated molecular patterns or DAMPs). In addition to DAMP release, which is inevitably associated with necrotic cell death, the active production of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines characterizes certain necrotic pathways. Necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis, therefore, are immunogenic to a different extent. In this review, we discuss the clinical relevance of necroinflammation highlighting potential human serum markers. We focus on the role of the adrenal glands and the lungs as central organs affected by systemic and/or local DAMP release and underline their role in intensive care medicine. In addition, data from models of acute kidney injury (AKI) and kidney transplantation have significantly shaped the field of necroinflammation and may be helpful for the understanding of the potential role of dialysis and plasma exchange to treat ongoing necroinflammation upon intensive care unit (ICU) conditions. In conclusion, we are only beginning to understand the importance of necroinflammation in diseases and transplantation, including xenotransplantation. However, given the existing efforts to develop inhibitors of necrotic cell death (ferrostatins, necrostatins, etc), we consider it likely that interference with necroinflammation reaches clinical routine in the near future.
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