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Elafify M, Liao X, Feng J, Ahn J, Ding T. Biofilm formation in food industries: Challenges and control strategies for food safety. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114650. [PMID: 38945629 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Various pathogens have the ability to grow on food matrices and instruments. This grow may reach to form biofilms. Bacterial biofilms are community of microorganisms embedded in extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) containing lipids, DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. These EPSs provide a tolerance and favorable living condition for microorganisms. Biofilm formations could not only contribute a risk for food safety but also have negative impacts on healthcare sector. Once biofilms form, they reveal resistances to traditional detergents and disinfectants, leading to cross-contamination. Inhibition of biofilms formation and abolition of mature biofilms is the main target for controlling of biofilm hazards in the food industry. Some novel eco-friendly technologies such as ultrasound, ultraviolet, cold plasma, magnetic nanoparticles, different chemicals additives as vitamins, D-amino acids, enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, and many other inhibitors provide a significant value on biofilm inhibition. These anti-biofilm agents represent promising tools for food industries and researchers to interfere with different phases of biofilms including adherence, quorum sensing molecules, and cell-to-cell communication. This perspective review highlights the biofilm formation mechanisms, issues associated with biofilms, environmental factors influencing bacterial biofilm development, and recent strategies employed to control biofilm-forming bacteria in the food industry. Further studies are still needed to explore the effects of biofilm regulation in food industries and exploit more regulation strategies for improving the quality and decreasing economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elafify
- Future Food Laboratory, Innovative Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China; Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Xinyu Liao
- Future Food Laboratory, Innovative Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China
| | - Jinsong Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Future Food Laboratory, Innovative Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China; Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tian Ding
- Future Food Laboratory, Innovative Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Moghimani M, Noori SMA, Afshari A, Hashemi M. D-tryptophan, an eco-friendly natural, safe, and healthy compound with antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens: A systematic review. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3068-3079. [PMID: 38726420 PMCID: PMC11077176 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the use of D-amino acids as food preservatives has attracted considerable attention because these natural compounds do not have adverse effects on human health. In addition, D-amino acids such as D-tryptophan can reduce the harmful effects of other treatments. For instance, the use of D-tryptophan in food reduces the requirement for high temperatures and their damaging effects on nutrients such as proteins and vitamins. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of D-tryptophan on food-borne pathogens in vitro and in food models. To identify related studies, scientific digital databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched from January 2000 to February 2023. The results of the studies showed that when D-tryptophan was used with other stresses such as using different salt concentrations, refrigeration, or high temperatures, it showed significant antimicrobial effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative food-borne pathogens, and antibiofilm impacts were also observed with D-tryptophan. Since studies have shown that the antimicrobial activity of D-tryptophan depends on several factors, including the pathogen strain, the type of stress, and the concentration of D-tryptophan, and every article has focused on one of these factors, there is a need for a systematic review that summarizes and concludes the effect of all these factors on the antimicrobial activity of D-tryptophan against food-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Moghimani
- Medical Toxicology Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori
- Toxicology Research CenterMedical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical SciencesAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Asma Afshari
- Medical Toxicology Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Medical Toxicology Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Occurrence and characterization of toxigenic Bacillus cereus in dairy products with an inactivation trial using D-Tryptophan and ascorbic acid in the rice pudding. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Elafify M, Sadoma NM, Abd El Aal SFA, Bayoumi MA, Ahmed Ismail T. Occurrence and D-Tryptophan Application for Controlling the Growth of Multidrug-Resistant Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Dairy Products. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070922. [PMID: 35405910 PMCID: PMC8996961 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the current study were first to determine the prevalence of non O157:H7E. coli, especially Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in retailed milk and dairy products in Egypt. Second, the antimicrobial resistance profiling and virulence genes of the isolated E. coli strains were screened. Third, evaluation of the inhibitory effects of D-tryptophan against E. coli O26:H11 was further performed. The results revealed that 20% (30/150) of the samples were STEC positive, with 64 isolates harboring some virulent genes, such as Stx1, Stx2, eaeA, and hylA. Serological identification revealed four different pathotypes belonging to EPEC, ETEC, EHEC, and EIEC. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 100%, 98.44%, 92.19%, 71.87%, 65.63% and 64.06% of the isolates had a resistance against tetracycline, oxacillin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, sulphamethoxazol, and ampicillin, respectively. D-tryptophan addition (40 mM) to E. coli O26:H11-inoculated soft cheese and ice cream revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in bacterial growth, especially when accompanied with other food stressors. D-Tryptophan is considered as an effective food preservative and as a promising alternative candidate in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elafify
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Noha M. Sadoma
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (N.M.S.); (S.F.A.A.E.A.)
| | - Salah F. A. Abd El Aal
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (N.M.S.); (S.F.A.A.E.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Bayoumi
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (N.M.S.); (S.F.A.A.E.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1000526062
| | - Tamer Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
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High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic foodborne bacteria isolated from bovine milk. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3878. [PMID: 35264647 PMCID: PMC8907330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in bovine milk, their antibiogram phenotype, and the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes. Raw bovine milk samples (n = 100) were randomly collected from different suppliers in the northwest of Iran. Antibiotic-resistant patterns and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes were evaluated in the isolates. Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. were isolated from 78%, 47%, 25%, and 21% of samples, respectively. All isolates showed high rates of resistance to amoxicillin, penicillin, and cefalexin. The blaTEM and blaSHV genes were detected in 50.0% and 6.4% of E. coli isolates, respectively. Also, 28.5% and 19.0% of Salmonella isolates were positive for blaTEM and blaSHV. The frequency of mecA and blaZ in S. aureus isolates was 20.0% and 12.0%, respectively. The high prevalence of bovine milk contamination with antimicrobial-resistant species in this study necessitates precise control on antibiotic prescription in veterinary medicine.
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Elafify M, Darwish WS, El-Toukhy M, Badawy BM, Mohamed RE, Shata RR. Prevalence of multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. in dairy products with the evaluation of the inhibitory effects of ascorbic acid, pomegranate peel extract, and D-tryptophan against Salmonella growth in cheese. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 364:109534. [PMID: 35033976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigation of the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. in the retailed dairies in Egypt. Besides, the inhibitory effects of some natural additives, including, ascorbic acid, pomegranate peel extract, and D-tryptophan against the isolated Salmonella were evaluated using soft cheese as a food matrix. To reach to this end, different Egyptian retail dairy products were investigated; 30 samples of each product were analyzed. Kariesh cheese samples had the highest Salmonella prevalence rate at 16.67%, followed by market raw milk, and bulk tank milk at 6.66% each, and white soft cheese at 3.33%. Serological examination exhibited 5 different Salmonella serotypes, namely S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Virchow, S. Larochelle, and S. Apeyeme. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that 100% of the isolates possessed resistance to erythromycin, oxacillin, and nalidixic acid. Some isolates of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis were resistant to all 14 examined antibiotics. Isolates of S. Enteritidis obtained in this study were used to contaminate the freshly prepared soft cheese. Treatment of the artificially Salmonella-contaminated soft cheese with pomegranate peel extract, ascorbic acid, and D-tryptophan revealed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in Salmonella growth in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the examined natural additives can be viewed as a promising new line of preservatives for dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elafify
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Marwa El-Toukhy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Basma M Badawy
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Rehab E Mohamed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | - Radwa Reda Shata
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Alsayeqh AF, Baz AHA, Darwish WS. Antimicrobial-resistant foodborne pathogens in the Middle East: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68111-68133. [PMID: 34668139 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are known as significant public health hazards worldwide, particularly in the Middle East region. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among foodborne pathogens becomes one of the top challenges for the environment, public health, and food safety sectors. However, less is known about antimicrobial-resistant foodborne pathogens in the Middle East region. Possibly because of the lack of surveillance, documentation, and reporting. This review focuses on the current status of antimicrobial resistance profiling among foodborne pathogens in the Middle East. Therefore, PubMed and other relevant databases were searched following PRISMA guidelines. Subject heading and texts were searched for "antimicrobial resistances," "foodborne," and "Middle East" to identify observational studies on AMR foodborne pathogens published during the last 10 years (2011 to 2020). Article retrieval and screening were done using a structured search string and strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. Median and interquartile ranges of percent resistance were calculated for each antibiotic-bacterium combination. A total of 249 articles were included in the final analysis from ten countries, where only five countries had more than 85% of the included articles. The most commonly reported pathogens were Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria spp. An apparent rise in drug resistance among foodborne pathogens was recorded particularly against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and tetracycline that are commonly prescribed in most countries in the Middle East. Besides, there is a lack of standardization and quality control for microbiological identification and susceptibility testing methods in many of the Middle East countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah F Alsayeqh
- Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, 662251452, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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Elafify M, Khalifa HO, Al-Ashmawy M, Elsherbini M, El Latif AA, Okanda T, Matsumoto T, Koseki S, Abdelkhalek A. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in milk and dairy products in Egypt. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 55:265-272. [PMID: 31762384 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1686312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Food contaminated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) represents a hazardous public health problem worldwide. Therefore, the present study was performed to elucidate the virulent and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of STEC isolated from milk and dairy products marketed in Egypt. A total of 125 samples (raw market milk, bulk tank milk, Kareish cheese, white soft cheese, and small scale-produced ice cream, 25 each) were collected for determination the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiling of STEC. Thirty-six STEC isolates were recovered from milk and dairy products. Serological analysis illustrated that three isolates were E. coli O157:H7 and 33 isolates belonged to different serotypes. Molecular examination indicated that all isolates harboured stx1 and/or stx2 genes, 14 isolates expressed eaeA gene and 3 isolates possessed rfbE gene. Antimicrobial resistance profiling of the isolates was both phenotypically and genetically examined. Interestingly, 31 out of 36 (86.11%) isolates were multidrug-resistant and harboured the extended-spectrum β-lactamase encoding genes, namely, blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-12 and blaCTX-M-14. Moreover, 12 isolates (33.33%) harboured plasmid-mediated quinolone resistant gene, qnrS. The overall conclusion of the current investigation indicated insufficient hygienic measures adopted during milking, handling, and processing leading to development of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant STEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elafify
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hazim O Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Maha Al-Ashmawy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Elsherbini
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amera Abd El Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Takashi Okanda
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsumoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Shige Koseki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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