1
|
Zhou YL, Wu J, Wang HL, Feng WW, Peng F, Zhang RQ, Yan HL, Liu J, Tan YZ, Peng C. Fuzi lizhong pills alter microbial community compositions and metabolite profiles in ulcerative colitis rat with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118645. [PMID: 39089661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel condition that is frequently related with Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome (SKYD) in Chinese medicine. Fuzi Lizhong Pill (FLZP), a traditional medicine for SKYD, has been utilized in China for generations, although the exact mechanism by which it treats UC is unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The goal of this study is to further understand FLZP's therapeutic mechanism in SKYD-associated UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the impact of FLZP on SKYD-associated UC, we used a comprehensive method that included serum metabolomics and gut microbiota profiling. The chemical composition of FLZP was determined using mass spectrometry. UC rats with SKYD were induced and treated with FLZP. Serum metabolomics and 16S rRNA microbial community analysis were used to evaluate FLZP's effects on endogenous metabolites and gut microbiota, respectively. Correlation analysis investigated the association between metabolites and intestinal flora. A metabolic pathway analysis was undertaken to discover putative FLZP action mechanisms. RESULTS FLZP contains 109 components, including liquiritin (584.8176 μg/g), benzoylaconine (16.3087 μg/g), benzoylhypaconine (31.9583), and hypaconitine (8.1160 μg/g). FLZP predominantly regulated seven metabolites and eight metabolic pathways involved in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, with an emphasis on energy metabolism and gastrointestinal digestion. FLZP also influenced intestinal flora variety, increasing probiotic abundance while decreasing pathogenic bacteria prevalence. An integrated investigation identified associations between changes in certain gut flora and energy metabolism, specifically the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. CONCLUSIONS FLZP successfully cures UC in SKYD rats by regulating amino acid and energy metabolism. Its positive effects may include altering microbiota composition and metabolite profiles in UC rats with SKYD. These findings shed light on FLZP's mode of action and its implications for UC management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Pharmacy Department, Zigong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 643011, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hong-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wu-Wen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Ruo-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bauset C, Carda-Diéguez M, Cejudo-Garcés A, Buetas E, Seco-Cervera M, Macias-Ceja DC, Navarro-Vicente F, Esplugues JV, Calatayud S, Mira Á, Ortiz-Masiá D, Barrachina MD, Cosín-Roger J. A disturbed metabolite-GPCR axis is associated with microbial dysbiosis in IBD patients: Potential role of GPR109A in macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167489. [PMID: 39233260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by disrupted immune function. Indeed, gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolomic profile alterations, are hallmarks of IBD. In this scenario, metabolite-sensing G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), involved in several biological processes, have emerged as pivotal players in the pathophysiology of IBD. The aim of this study was to characterize the axis microbiota-metabolite-GPCR in intestinal surgical resections from IBD patients. Results showed that UC patients had a lower microbiota richness and bacterial load, with a higher proportion of the genus Cellulosimicrobium and a reduced proportion of Escherichia, whereas CD patients showed a decreased abundance of Enterococcus. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis revealed alterations in carboxylic acids, fatty acids, and amino acids in UC and CD samples. These patients also exhibited upregulated expression of most metabolite-sensing GPCRs analysed, which positively correlated with pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers. The role of GPR109A was studied in depth and increased expression of this receptor was detected in epithelial cells and cells from lamina propria, including CD68+ macrophages, in IBD patients. The treatment with β-hydroxybutyrate increased gene expression of GPR109A, CD86, IL1B and NOS2 in U937-derived macrophages. Besides, when GPR109A was transiently silenced, the mRNA expression and secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were impaired in M1 macrophages. Finally, the secretome from siGPR109A M1 macrophages reduced the gene and protein expression of COL1A1 and COL3A1 in intestinal fibroblasts. A better understanding of metabolite-sensing GPCRs, such as GPR109A, could establish their potential as therapeutic targets for managing IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bauset
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Cejudo-Garcés
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Buetas
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan Vicente Esplugues
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masiá
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Cosín-Roger
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiang B, Hu J, Zhang M, Zhi M. The involvement of oral bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2024; 12:goae076. [PMID: 39188957 PMCID: PMC11346772 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goae076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The oral cavity, the second-largest microbial niche, is connected to the gastro-intestinal tract. Ectopic gut colonization by oral microbes is a signature of IBD. Current studies suggest that patients with IBD often report more oral manifestations and these oral issues are closely linked with disease activity. Murine studies have indicated that several oral microbes exacerbate intestinal inflammation. Moreover, intestinal inflammation can promote oral microbial dysbiosis and the migration of oral microbes to the gastro-intestinal tract. The reciprocal consequences of oral microbial dysbiosis and IBD, specifically through metabolic alterations, have not yet been elucidated. In this review, we summarize the relationship between oral bacteria and IBD from multiple perspectives, including clinical manifestations, microbial dysbiosis, and metabolic alterations, and find that oral pathogens increase anti-inflammatory metabolites and decrease inflammation-related metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vich Vila A, Zhang J, Liu M, Faber KN, Weersma RK. Untargeted faecal metabolomics for the discovery of biomarkers and treatment targets for inflammatory bowel diseases. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-329969. [PMID: 39002973 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been recognised as a key component in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and the wide range of metabolites produced by gut bacteria are an important mechanism by which the human microbiome interacts with host immunity or host metabolism. High-throughput metabolomic profiling and novel computational approaches now allow for comprehensive assessment of thousands of metabolites in diverse biomaterials, including faecal samples. Several groups of metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites and bile acids, have been associated with IBD. In this Recent Advances article, we describe the contribution of metabolomics research to the field of IBD, with a focus on faecal metabolomics. We discuss the latest findings on the significance of these metabolites for IBD prognosis and therapeutic interventions and offer insights into the future directions of metabolomics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Vich Vila
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingwan Zhang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Moting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song H, Zhang F, Bai X, Liang H, Niu J, Miao Y. Comprehensive analysis of disulfidptosis-related genes reveals the effect of disulfidptosis in ulcerative colitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15705. [PMID: 38977802 PMCID: PMC11231342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the intestinal tract. Various programmed cell death pathways in the intestinal mucosa are crucial to the pathogenesis of UC. Disulfidptosis, a recently identified form of programmed cell death, has not been extensively reported in the context of UC. This study evaluated the expression of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in UC through public databases and assessed disulfide accumulation in the intestinal mucosal tissues of UC patients and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice via targeted metabolomics. We utilized various bioinformatics techniques to identify UC-specific disulfidptosis signature genes, analyze their potential functions, and investigate their association with immune cell infiltration in UC. The mRNA and protein expression levels of these signature genes were confirmed in the intestinal mucosa of DSS-induced colitis mice and UC patients. A total of 24 DRGs showed differential expression in UC. Our findings underscore the role of disulfide stress in UC. Four UC-related disulfidptosis signature genes-SLC7A11, LRPPRC, NDUFS1, and CD2AP-were identified. Their relationships with immune infiltration in UC were analyzed using CIBERSORT, and their expression levels were validated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. This study provides further insights into their potential functions and explores their links to immune infiltration in UC. In summary, disulfidptosis, as a type of programmed cell death, may significantly influence the pathogenesis of UC by modulating the homeostasis of the intestinal mucosal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengrui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Junkun Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yinglei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang H, Li G, He Y, Chen J, Yan J, Zhang Q, Li L, Cai X. Cellular succinate metabolism and signaling in inflammation: implications for therapeutic intervention. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1404441. [PMID: 38933270 PMCID: PMC11200920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1404441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinate, traditionally viewed as a mere intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, has emerged as a critical mediator in inflammation. Disruptions within the TCA cycle lead to an accumulation of succinate in the mitochondrial matrix. This excess succinate subsequently diffuses into the cytosol and is released into the extracellular space. Elevated cytosolic succinate levels stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor-1α by inhibiting prolyl hydroxylases, which enhances inflammatory responses. Notably, succinate also acts extracellularly as a signaling molecule by engaging succinate receptor 1 on immune cells, thus modulating their pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory activities. Alterations in succinate levels have been associated with various inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and atherosclerosis. These associations are primarily due to exaggerated immune cell responses. Given its central role in inflammation, targeting succinate pathways offers promising therapeutic avenues for these diseases. This paper provides an extensive review of succinate's involvement in inflammatory processes and highlights potential targets for future research and therapeutic possibilities development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital and Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gejing Li
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital and Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yini He
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital and Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital and Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianye Yan
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital and Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital and Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liqing Li
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital and Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Central Research Laboratory, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong Cai
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital and Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Li L, Zhang M, Feng R, Liu L. Optimization of the quantitative protocol for organic acid in fecal samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 241:116004. [PMID: 38309097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Organic acids (OAs) play important roles in a variety of intracellular metabolic pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis. The accurate detection of OAs in fecal samples was crucial for comprehending the metabolic changes associated with various metabolic disease. However, the analytical protocol detecting OAs profiling in feces have received scant attention. In this work, an optimized protocol based on chromatography-mass spectrometry for simultaneous quantification of 23 OAs in rat feces was developed. The optimal conditions involved using a 40-mg fecal sample mixed with isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, and deionized water (3:2:2 vol ratio) with a total volume of 1500 μL, followed by ultrasonic extraction and a derivatization reaction with an 80 μL derivative agent. The protocol showed an acceptable linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9906), the satisfactory precision (RSD% ≤ 14.87%), the low limits of detection (0.001 to 1 μg/mL) and the limit of quantification (0.005 to 1.5 μg/mL). Moreover, the dried residues of the extracted solution showed the better stability of OAs at -20 °C, which was more suitable for a large-scale sample analysis. Finally, the developed protocol was successfully applied to compare the difference of OAs profiling in fecal samples harvested from normal and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease rats, which was beneficial to find out the metabolic change of OAs profiling and explain the related mechanism of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mingjia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Rennan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shimshoni E, Solomonov I, Sagi I, Ghini V. Integrated Metabolomics and Proteomics of Symptomatic and Early Presymptomatic States of Colitis. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1420-1432. [PMID: 38497760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Colitis has a multifactorial pathogenesis with a strong cross-talk among microbiota, hypoxia, and tissue metabolism. Here, we aimed to characterize the molecular signature of the disease in symptomatic and presymptomatic stages of the inflammatory process at the tissue and fecal level. The study is based on two different murine models for colitis, and HR-MAS NMR on "intact" colon tissues and LC-MS/MS on colon tissue extracts were used to derive untargeted metabolomics and proteomics information, respectively. Solution NMR was used to derive metabolomic profiles of the fecal extracts. By combining metabolomic and proteomic analyses of the tissues, we found increased anaerobic glycolysis, accompanied by an altered citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in inflamed colons; these changes associate with inflammation-induced hypoxia taking place in colon tissues. Different colitis states were also characterized by significantly different metabolomic profiles of fecal extracts, attributable to both the dysbiosis characteristic of colitis as well as the dysregulated tissue metabolism. Strong and distinctive tissue and fecal metabolomic signatures can be detected before the onset of symptoms. Therefore, untargeted metabolomics of tissues and fecal extracts provides a comprehensive picture of the changes accompanying the disease onset already at preclinical stages, highlighting the diagnostic potential of global metabolomics for inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elee Shimshoni
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Inna Solomonov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Veronica Ghini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
- Center of Magnetic Resonance (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Noh JY, Farhataziz N, Kinter MT, Yan X, Sun Y. Colonic Dysregulation of Major Metabolic Pathways in Experimental Ulcerative Colitis. Metabolites 2024; 14:194. [PMID: 38668322 PMCID: PMC11052278 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease in the gastrointestinal tract, affecting patients' quality of life profoundly. The incidence of IBD has been on the rise globally for the last two decades. Because the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease remain not well understood, therapeutic development is significantly impeded. Metabolism is a crucial cellular process to generate the energy needed for an inflammatory response and tissue repair. Comprehensive understanding of the metabolic pathways in IBD would help to unravel the disease pathogenesis/progression and facilitate therapeutic discoveries. Here, we investigated four metabolic pathways altered in experimental colitis. C57BL/6J mice were treated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days to induce experimental ulcerative colitis (UC). We conducted proteomics analysis for the colon samples using LC/MS, to profile key metabolic intermediates. Our findings revealed significant alterations in four major metabolic pathways: antioxidative defense, β-oxidation, glycolysis, and TCA cycle pathways. The energy metabolism by β-oxidation, glycolysis, and TCA cycle pathways were downregulated under UC, together with reduced antioxidative defense pathways. These results reveal metabolic re-programming in intestinal cells under UC, showing dysregulation in all four major metabolic pathways. Our study underscores the importance of metabolic drivers in the pathogenesis of IBD and suggests that the modification of metabolism may serve as a novel diagnostic/therapeutic approach for IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Noh
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.Y.N.); (N.F.)
| | - Naser Farhataziz
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.Y.N.); (N.F.)
| | - Michael T. Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.Y.N.); (N.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu M, Guo S, Wang L. Systematic review of metabolomic alterations in ulcerative colitis: unveiling key metabolic signatures and pathways. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2024; 17:17562848241239580. [PMID: 38560428 PMCID: PMC10981261 DOI: 10.1177/17562848241239580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite numerous metabolomic studies on ulcerative colitis (UC), the results have been highly variable, making it challenging to identify key metabolic abnormalities in UC. Objectives This study aims to uncover key metabolites and metabolic pathways in UC by analyzing existing metabolomics data. Design A systematic review. Data sources and methods We conducted a comprehensive search in databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science) and relevant study references for metabolomic research on UC up to 28 December 2022. Significant metabolite differences between UC patients and controls were identified, followed by an analysis of relevant metabolic pathways. Results This review incorporated 78 studies, identifying 2868 differentially expressed metabolites between UC patients and controls. The metabolites were predominantly from 'lipids and lipid-like molecules' and 'organic acids and derivatives' superclasses. We found 101 metabolites consistently altered in multiple datasets within the same sample type and 78 metabolites common across different sample types. Of these, 62 metabolites exhibited consistent regulatory trends across various datasets or sample types. Pathway analysis revealed 22 significantly altered metabolic pathways, with 6 pathways being recurrently enriched across different sample types. Conclusion This study elucidates key metabolic characteristics in UC, offering insights into molecular mechanisms and biomarker discovery for the disease. Future research could focus on validating these findings and exploring their clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kapur N, Alam MA, Hassan SA, Patel PH, Wempe LA, Bhogoju S, Goretsky T, Kim JH, Herzog J, Ge Y, Awuah SG, Byndloss M, Baumler AJ, Zadeh MM, Sartor RB, Barrett T. Enhanced mucosal mitochondrial function corrects dysbiosis and OXPHOS metabolism in IBD. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.584471. [PMID: 38559035 PMCID: PMC10979996 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.584471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial (Mito) dysfunction in IBD reduces mucosal O2 consumption and increases O2 delivery to the microbiome. Increased enteric O2 promotes blooms of facultative anaerobes (eg. Proteobacteria ) and restricts obligate anaerobes (eg. Firmicutes ). Dysbiotic metabolites negatively affect host metabolism and immunity. Our novel compound (AuPhos) upregulates intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) mito function, attenuates colitis and corrects dysbiosis in humanized Il10-/- mice. We posit that AuPhos corrects IBD-associated dysbiotic metabolism. Methods Primary effect of AuPhos on mucosal Mito respiration and healing process was studied in ex vivo treated human colonic biopsies and piroxicam-accelerated (Px) Il10-/- mice. Secondary effect on microbiome was tested in DSS-colitis WT B6 and germ-free 129.SvEv WT or Il10-/- mice reconstituted with human IBD stool (Hu- Il10-/- ). Mice were treated orally with AuPhos (10- or 25- mg/kg; q3d) or vehicle, stool samples collected for fecal lipocalin-2 (f-LCN2) assay and microbiome analyses using 16S rRNA sequencing. AuPhos effect on microbial metabolites was determined using untargeted global metabolomics. AuPhos-induced hypoxia in IECs was assessed by Hypoxyprobe-1 staining in sections from pimonidazole HCl-infused DSS-mice. Effect of AuPhos on enteric oxygenation was assessed by E. coli Nissle 1917 WT (aerobic respiration-proficient) and cytochrome oxidase (cydA) mutant (aerobic respiration-deficient). Results Metagenomic (16S) analysis revealed AuPhos reduced relative abundances of Proteobacteria and increased blooms of Firmicutes in uninflamed B6 WT, DSS-colitis, Hu-WT and Hu- Il10-/- mice. AuPhos also increased hypoxyprobe-1 staining in surface IECs suggesting enhanced O2 utilization. AuPhos-induced anaerobiosis was confirmed by a significant increase in cydA mutant compared to WT (O2-utlizing) E.coli . Ex vivo treatment of human biopsies with AuPhos showed significant increase in Mito mass, and complexes I and IV. Further, gene expression analysis of AuPhos-treated biopsies showed increase in stem cell markers (Lgr4, Lgr5, Lrig1), with concomitant decreases in pro-inflammatory markers (IL1β,MCP1, RankL). Histological investigation of AuPhos-fed Px- Il10-/- mice showed significantly decreased colitis score in AuPhos-treated Px- Il10-/- mice, with decrease in mRNA of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase in Mito complexes ( ND5 , ATP6 ). AuPhos significantly altered microbial metabolites associated with SCFA synthesis, FAO, TCA cycle, tryptophan and polyamine biosynthesis pathways. AuPhos increased pyruvate, 4-hydroxybutyrate, 2-hydroxyglutarate and succinate, suggesting an upregulation of pyruvate and glutarate pathways of butyrate production. AuPhos reduced IBD-associated primary bile acids (BA) with concomitant increase in secondary BA (SBA). AuPhos treatment significantly decreased acylcarnitines and increased L-carnitine reflective of enhanced FAO. AuPhos increases TCA cycle intermediates and creatine, energy reservoir substrates indicating enhanced OxPHOS. Besides, AuPhos also upregulates tryptophan metabolism, decreases Kynurenine and its derivatives, and increases polyamine biosynthesis pathway (Putresceine and Spermine). Conclusion These findings indicate that AuPhos-enhanced IEC mitochondrial function reduces enteric O2 delivery, which corrects disease-associated metabolomics by restoring short-chain fatty acids, SBA, AA and IEC energy metabolism. Graphical abstract
Collapse
|
12
|
Bai JDK, Saha S, Wood M, Chen B, Li J, Dow LE, Montrose DC. Serine Supports Epithelial and Immune Cell Function in Colitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00071-3. [PMID: 38417696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that are largely driven by immune cell activity; mucosal healing is critical for remission. Serine is a nonessential amino acid that supports epithelial and immune cell metabolism and proliferation; however, whether these roles affect IBD pathogenesis is not well understood. Here, we show that serine synthesis increases selectively in the epithelial cells of colons from patients with IBD and murine models of colitis. Inhibiting serine synthesis impairs colonic mucosal healing and increases susceptibility to acute injury in mice, effects associated with impaired epithelial cell proliferation. Dietary removal of serine similarly sensitizes mice to acute chemically induced colitis but ameliorates inflammation in chronic colitis models. The anti-inflammatory effect of exogenous serine depletion in chronic colitis is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction of macrophages, resulting in impaired nucleotide production and proliferation. Collectively, these results suggest that serine plays an important role in both epithelial and immune cell biology in the colon and that modulating its availability could affect IBD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Dong K Bai
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Suchandrima Saha
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Michael Wood
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David C Montrose
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu GL, Li L, Chen XY, Zhang WF, Wu JB, Yu X, Chen HJ. Machine learning-based B cell-related diagnostic biomarker signature and molecular subtypes characteristic of ulcerative colitis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2774-2788. [PMID: 38319729 PMCID: PMC10911385 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
As an inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis (UC) does not respond well to current treatments. It is of positive clinical significance to further study the pathogenesis of UC and find new therapeutic targets. B lymphocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of UC. The effect of anti-CD20 therapy on UC also provides new evidence for the involvement of B cells in UC process additionally, suggesting the important role and potential therapeutic value of B cells in UC. In this study, we screened the most critical immune cell-related gene modules associated with UC and found that activated B cells were closely related to the gene modules. Subsequently, key activated B cell-associated gene (BRG) signatures were obtained based on WGCNA and differential expression analysis, and three overlapping BRG-associated genes were obtained by RF and LASSO algorithms as BRG-related diagnostic biomarkers for UC. Nomogram model was further performed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of BRG-related diagnostic biomarkers, subsequently followed by UC molecular subsets identification and immunoinfiltration analysis. We also further verified the expressions of the three screened BRGs in vitro by using an LPS-induced NCM460 cell line model. Our results provide new evidence and potential intervention targets for the role of B cells in UC from a new perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Liang Wu
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Department of Anorectal Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Xiao-Yao Chen
- Department of Anorectal Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Anorectal Section, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Jun-Bo Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoning Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hematology and Oncology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Jin Chen
- Department of Anorectal Section, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Padhi S, Sarkar P, Sahoo D, Rai AK. Potential of fermented foods and their metabolites in improving gut microbiota function and lowering gastrointestinal inflammation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38299734 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Foods prepared using microbial conversion of major and minor food components, which are otherwise known as fermented foods continue to impact human health. The live microorganisms and transformed metabolites can also have a deep influence on the gut microbiota, the multifaceted population of microorganisms dwelling inside the gut play a key role in wellbeing of an individual. The probiotic strains delivered through the consumption of fermented food and other bioactive components such as polyphenolic metabolites, bioactive peptides, short-chain fatty acids and others including those produced via gut microbiota mediated transformations have been proposed to balance the gut microbiota diversity and activity, and also to regulate the inflammation in the gut. However, little is known about such effects and only a handful of fermented foods have been explored to date. We herein review the recent knowledge on the dysbiotic gut microbiota linking to major gut inflammatory diseases. Also, evidences that fermented food consumption modulates the gut microbiota, and its impact on the gut inflammation and inflammatory diseases have been discussed. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srichandan Padhi
- Nutrition Biotechnlogy Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Puja Sarkar
- Nutrition Biotechnlogy Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | | | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Nutrition Biotechnlogy Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pandey H, Jain D, Tang DWT, Wong SH, Lal D. Gut microbiota in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease. Intest Res 2024; 22:15-43. [PMID: 37935653 PMCID: PMC10850697 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2023.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease, which is thought to be an interplay between genetic, environment, microbiota, and immune-mediated factors. Dysbiosis in the gut microbial composition, caused by antibiotics and diet, is closely related to the initiation and progression of IBD. Differences in gut microbiota composition between IBD patients and healthy individuals have been found, with reduced biodiversity of commensal microbes and colonization of opportunistic microbes in IBD patients. Gut microbiota can, therefore, potentially be used for diagnosing and prognosticating IBD, and predicting its treatment response. Currently, there are no curative therapies for IBD. Microbiota-based interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have been recognized as promising therapeutic strategies. Clinical studies and studies done in animal models have provided sufficient evidence that microbiota-based interventions may improve inflammation, the remission rate, and microscopic aspects of IBD. Further studies are required to better understand the mechanisms of action of such interventions. This will help in enhancing their effectiveness and developing personalized therapies. The present review summarizes the relationship between gut microbiota and IBD immunopathogenesis. It also discusses the use of gut microbiota as a noninvasive biomarker and potential therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daryl W. T. Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sunny H. Wong
- Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Devi Lal
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tews HC, Schmelter F, Kandulski A, Büchler C, Schmid S, Schlosser S, Elger T, Loibl J, Sommersberger S, Fererberger T, Gunawan S, Kunst C, Gülow K, Bettenworth D, Föh B, Maaß C, Solbach P, Günther UL, Derer S, Marquardt JU, Sina C, Müller M. Unique Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profile in Serum From Patients With Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Compared With Healthy Control Individuals. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023:izad298. [PMID: 38156773 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate biomarkers for disease activity and progression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are a prerequisite for individual disease characterization and personalized therapy. We show that metabolic profiling of serum from IBD patients is a promising approach to establish biomarkers. The aim of this work was to characterize metabolomic and lipidomic serum profiles of IBD patients in order to identify metabolic fingerprints unique to the disease. METHODS Serum samples were obtained from 55 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 34 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 40 healthy control (HC) individuals and analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Classification of patients and HC individuals was achieved by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and univariate analysis approaches. Disease activity was assessed using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale. RESULTS Serum metabolome significantly differed between CD patients, UC patients, and HC individuals. The metabolomic differences of UC and CD patients compared with HC individuals were more pronounced than the differences between UC and CD patients. Differences in serum levels of pyruvic acid, histidine, and the branched-chain amino acids leucine and valine were detected. The size of low-density lipoprotein particles shifted from large to small dense particles in patients with CD. Of note, apolipoprotein A1 and A2 serum levels were decreased in CD and UC patients with higher fecal calprotectin levels. The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale is negatively associated with the concentration of apolipoprotein A2. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic assessment of serum samples facilitated the differentiation of IBD patients and HC individuals. These differences were constituted by changes in amino acid and lipoprotein levels. Furthermore, disease activity in IBD patients was associated with decreased levels of the atheroprotective apolipoproteins A1 and A2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Christian Tews
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmelter
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arne Kandulski
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Büchler
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Schlosser
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Elger
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Loibl
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Sommersberger
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Fererberger
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gunawan
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Kunst
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Gülow
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B-Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Practice for Internal Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Bandik Föh
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carlos Maaß
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philipp Solbach
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich L Günther
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefanie Derer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zheng X, Zhu Y, Zhao Z, Chu Y, Yang W. The role of amino acid metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284133. [PMID: 37936710 PMCID: PMC10626463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a characteristic symptom of the occurrence and development of many diseases, which is mainly characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages and granulocytes, and the increased release of proinflammatory factors. Subsequently, macrophage differentiates and T cells and other regulated factors exhibit anti-inflammatory function, releasing pro- and anti-inflammatory factors to maintain homeostasis. Although reports define various degrees of metabolic disorders in both the inflamed and non-inflamed parts of inflammatory diseases, little is known about the changes in amino acid metabolism in such conditions. This review aims to summarize amino acid changes and mechanisms involved in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other inflammatory diseases. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derived exosomes (MSC-EXO) have been found to show promising effects in the treatment of IBD and other inflammatory diseases,their potential in the modulation of amino acid metabolism in the treatment of inflammation is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Chu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hosseini PSK, Wang B, Luan Y, Sun F, Michail S. Gut metabolomic profiles in paediatric ulcerative colitis patients prior to and after receiving faecal microbiota transplants. GUT MICROBIOME (CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND) 2023; 4:e19. [PMID: 39165756 PMCID: PMC11334712 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2023.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an immune-mediated inflammation of the colonic mucosa. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may play a significant role in disease pathogenesis by causing shifts in metabolomic profiles within the gut. To identify differences and trends in the metabolomic profile of paediatric UC patients pre- and post-faecal microbiota transplants (FMT). Forty-six paediatric patients with mild-to-moderate UC and 30 healthy paediatric patients were enrolled in this study. Baseline stool samples were collected prior to FMT initiation and at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 post-FMT. Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) scores were calculated at baseline and months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after FMT. The average Bray-Curtis dissimilarities to healthy subjects decreased after FMT. In principal coordinate analysis plots, UC patients' centroids drew nearer to healthy individuals. The variance explained by phenotype (Healthy versus UC) reduced and remained significant. From 1 to 3 months after FMT, PUCAI trends were statistically significant and decreasing. PUCAI scores remain flat starting 6 months after FMT. This study concludes that paediatric UC patients have a significantly different baseline metabolite profile than healthy controls. Although being time limited, FMT significantly altered these metabolite profiles and shifted them towards that of healthy controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parastou S. Khalessi Hosseini
- Los Angeles County – University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beibei Wang
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yihui Luan
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengzhu Sun
- Quantitative and Computational Biology and Mathematics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonia Michail
- Quantitative and Computational Biology and Mathematics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Q, Zhang W, Zhou E, Tao Y, Wang M, Qi S, Zhao L, Tan Y, Wu L. Integrated microbiomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the mechanisms by which bee pollen and royal jelly lipid extracts ameliorate colitis in mice. Food Res Int 2023; 171:113069. [PMID: 37330827 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bee pollen (BP) and royal jelly (RJ) have shown therapeutic effects against colitis, but the functional components contained therein remain elusive. Here, we used an integrated microbiomic-metabolomic strategy to clarify the mechanism by which bee pollen lipid extracts (BPL) and royal jelly lipid extracts (RJL) ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Lipidomic results showed that levels of ceramide (Cer), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were significantly higher in BPL than in RJL. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of BPL surpassed that of RJL, although both BPL and RJL could attenuate DSS-induced colitis through several mechanisms: reducing the disease activity index (DAI); decreasing histopathological damage; inhibiting the expression of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines; improving intestinal microbial community structure, and modulating host metabolism. These findings demonstrated that BPL and RJL have great potential as functional ingredients for the production of dietary supplements to prevent early colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China
| | - Enning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuxiao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liuwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yonggang Tan
- Oncology Center, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Liming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li B, Guo Y, Jia X, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Yang Q. Luteolin alleviates ulcerative colitis in rats via regulating immune response, oxidative stress, and metabolic profiling. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230785. [PMID: 37693835 PMCID: PMC10487402 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease and associated with metabolic imbalance. Luteolin (LUT) reportedly exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. However, its regulatory effects on metabolites remain indistinct. Here, the effects of LUT on immune response and oxidative stress in UC were determined. Serum metabolomics profiles of UC rats treated with LUT were obtained utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results revealed that LUT treatment alleviated colon tissue injury, colon shortening, weight loss, and inflammatory response in UC rats. Additionally, the levels of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity were elevated, but malondialdehyde content was reduced in serum of UC rats, while these changes were abrogated by LUT. Metabolomics analysis unveiled that l-malic acid, creatinine, l-glutamine, and l-lactic acid levels were remarkably decreased, while dimethyl sulfone, 5-methylcytosine, cysteine-S-sulfate, and jasmonic acid levels were notably increased after LUT treatment. Furthermore, differential metabolites primarily participated in d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and citrate cycle pathways. In summary, these results demonstrated that LUT improved immune response, alleviated oxidative stress, and altered metabolites in UC rats. This study lays the root for further exploring the mechanism of LUT in the treatment of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Gastroenterology Research (Hebei), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity Toxin Syndrome, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanru Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity Toxin Syndrome, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 389 Zhongshan East Road, Chang’an District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Gastroenterology Research (Hebei), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity Toxin Syndrome, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 389 Zhongshan East Road, Chang’an District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang S, van Schooten FJ, Jin H, Jonkers D, Godschalk R. The Involvement of Intestinal Tryptophan Metabolism in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Identified by a Meta-Analysis of the Transcriptome and a Systematic Review of the Metabolome. Nutrients 2023; 15:2886. [PMID: 37447212 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is emerging for the role of intestinal tryptophan metabolism in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In order to identify the role of altered intestinal tryptophan metabolism in IBD pathogenesis, a meta-analysis of the transcriptome was performed to identify differentially expressed genes involved in the tryptophan metabolism pathways in intestinal biopsies of IBD as compared to non-IBD controls. Moreover, a systematic review of the metabolome was performed to identify the concurrent changes in tryptophan metabolites. Integration of the transcriptome and metabolome identified various alterations in intestinal tryptophan metabolism during active disease in IBD patients, including decreased intestinal tryptophan absorption, enhanced kynurenine pathway, increased interstitial serotonin availability, changed indole pathway, and activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling. Therefore, a network of intestinal tryptophan metabolism pathways in IBD could be established, helping to assess the potential of genes and metabolites involved in these pathways as diagnostic markers and targets for IBD management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Han Jin
- Department of Pathology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Song Z, Ohnishi Y, Osada S, Gan L, Jiang J, Hu Z, Kumeta H, Kumaki Y, Yokoi Y, Nakamura K, Ayabe T, Yamauchi K, Aizawa T. Application of Benchtop NMR for Metabolomics Study Using Feces of Mice with DSS-Induced Colitis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050611. [PMID: 37233652 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics, which comprehensively measures metabolites in biological systems and investigates their response to various perturbations, is widely used in research to identify biomarkers and investigate the pathogenesis of underlying diseases. However, further applications of high-field superconducting NMR for medical purposes and field research are restricted by its high cost and low accessibility. In this study, we applied a low-field, benchtop NMR spectrometer (60 MHz) employing a permanent magnet to characterize the alterations in the metabolic profile of fecal extracts obtained from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis model mice and compared them with the data acquired from high-field NMR (800 MHz). Nineteen metabolites were assigned to the 60 MHz 1H NMR spectra. Non-targeted multivariate analysis successfully discriminated the DSS-induced group from the healthy control group and showed high comparability with high-field NMR. In addition, the concentration of acetate, identified as a metabolite with characteristic behavior, could be accurately quantified using a generalized Lorentzian curve fitting method based on the 60 MHz NMR spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Song
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | | | - Li Gan
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Jiaxi Jiang
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Zhiyan Hu
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kumeta
- Advanced NMR Facility, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kumaki
- High-Resolution NMR Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuki Yokoi
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Kiminori Nakamura
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Tokiyoshi Ayabe
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamauchi
- Instrumental Analysis Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna 904-0495, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
- Advanced NMR Facility, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang G, Zhang J, Yan S, Hao M, Fei C, Ji D, Mao C, Tong H, Lu T, Su L. Study on the plasma metabolomics of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide against ulcerative colitis and its correlation with gut microbes metabolism. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2023.100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
|
24
|
Hagenbeek FA, van Dongen J, Pool R, Roetman PJ, Harms AC, Hottenga JJ, Kluft C, Colins OF, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Fanos V, Ehli EA, Hankemeier T, Vermeiren RRJM, Bartels M, Déjean S, Boomsma DI. Integrative Multi-omics Analysis of Childhood Aggressive Behavior. Behav Genet 2023; 53:101-117. [PMID: 36344863 PMCID: PMC9922241 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-022-10126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study introduces and illustrates the potential of an integrated multi-omics approach in investigating the underlying biology of complex traits such as childhood aggressive behavior. In 645 twins (cases = 42%), we trained single- and integrative multi-omics models to identify biomarkers for subclinical aggression and investigated the connections among these biomarkers. Our data comprised transmitted and two non-transmitted polygenic scores (PGSs) for 15 traits, 78,772 CpGs, and 90 metabolites. The single-omics models selected 31 PGSs, 1614 CpGs, and 90 metabolites, and the multi-omics model comprised 44 PGSs, 746 CpGs, and 90 metabolites. The predictive accuracy for these models in the test (N = 277, cases = 42%) and independent clinical data (N = 142, cases = 45%) ranged from 43 to 57%. We observed strong connections between DNA methylation, amino acids, and parental non-transmitted PGSs for ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, intelligence, smoking initiation, and self-reported health. Aggression-related omics traits link to known and novel risk factors, including inflammation, carcinogens, and smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A. Hagenbeek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-10, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny van Dongen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-10, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Pool
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-10, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Roetman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC-Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amy C. Harms
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands ,The Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-10, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Olivier F. Colins
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC-Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands ,Department Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Erik A. Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota USA
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands ,The Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert R. J. M. Vermeiren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC-Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands ,Youz, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-10, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Déjean
- Toulouse Mathematics Institute, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-10, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Succinate is a circulating metabolite, and the relationship between abnormal changes in the physiological concentration of succinate and inflammatory diseases caused by the overreaction of certain immune cells has become a research focus. Recent investigations have shown that succinate produced by the gut microbiota has the potential to regulate host homeostasis and treat diseases such as inflammation. Gut microbes are important for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Microbial metabolites serve as nutrients in energy metabolism, and act as signal molecules that stimulate host cell and organ function and affect the structural balance between symbiotic gut microorganisms. This review focuses on succinate as a metabolite of both host cells and gut microbes and its involvement in regulating the gut - immune tissue axis by activating intestinal mucosal cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and intestinal epithelial cells. We also examined its role as the mediator of microbiota - host crosstalk and its potential function in regulating intestinal microbiota homeostasis. This review explores feasible ways to moderate succinate levels and provides new insights into succinate as a potential target for microbial therapeutics for humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Wei
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Chao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Astorga J, Gasaly N, Dubois-Camacho K, De la Fuente M, Landskron G, Faber KN, Urra FA, Hermoso MA. The role of cholesterol and mitochondrial bioenergetics in activation of the inflammasome in IBD. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028953. [PMID: 36466902 PMCID: PMC9716353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is characterized by a loss of intestinal barrier function caused by an aberrant interaction between the immune response and the gut microbiota. In IBD, imbalance in cholesterol homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics have been identified as essential events for activating the inflammasome-mediated response. Mitochondrial alterations, such as reduced respiratory complex activities and reduced production of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (e.g., citric acid, fumarate, isocitric acid, malate, pyruvate, and succinate) have been described in in vitro and clinical studies. Under inflammatory conditions, mitochondrial architecture in intestinal epithelial cells is dysmorphic, with cristae destruction and high dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-dependent fission. Likewise, these alterations in mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics promote metabolic shifts towards glycolysis and down-regulation of antioxidant Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling. Although the mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial dysfunction during mucosal inflammation are not fully understood at present, metabolic intermediates and cholesterol may act as signals activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in IBD. Notably, dietary phytochemicals exhibit protective effects against cholesterol imbalance and mitochondrial function alterations to maintain gastrointestinal mucosal renewal in vitro and in vivo conditions. Here, we discuss the role of cholesterol and mitochondrial metabolism in IBD, highlighting the therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals, restoring intestinal metabolism and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Astorga
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Naschla Gasaly
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Karen Dubois-Camacho
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie De la Fuente
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Research, School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Glauben Landskron
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Research, School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Félix A. Urra
- Laboratory of Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela A. Hermoso
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yuan G, Chen J, Wang X, Hu F, Zhang X, Chen X. Serum metabolomics provides clues in understanding colitis exacerbating experimental periodontitis in female mice. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 145:105583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
28
|
Huang J, Zhang J, Wang F, Zhang B, Tang X. Comprehensive analysis of cuproptosis-related genes in immune infiltration and diagnosis in ulcerative colitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008146. [PMID: 36389705 PMCID: PMC9644813 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cuproptosis is a recently discovered form of programmed cell death; however, its role in ulcerative colitis (UC) remains a void. Methods Three gene expression profiles were acquired from the GEO database. Subsequently, the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to identify the immune infiltration characteristics of UC. Correlation analysis between cuproptosis and immune infiltration was further conducted, and the cuproptosis-related genes were applied to construct a UC diagnostic model. Subsequently, analysis results of microarray data were experimentally validated by DSS-induced colitis in mice. Finally, therapeutic agents for the cuproptosis-related genes were screened owing to the gaping field of therapeutic agents on cuproptosis. Results Three gene expression profiles with 343 samples (290 UC and 53 healthy samples) were included. Immune infiltration revealed that UC patients had a higher level of DCs, B cells, CD8+ T cells, iDCs, Macrophages, neutrophils, pDCs, T helper cells, Tfh, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, TIL and Treg than normal subjects. Moreover, almost all cuproptosis-related genes were significantly negatively associated with immune infiltration in UC patients. The risk prediction model based on cuproptosis-related genes showed an excellent discrimination for UC. Animal experiments revealed significant alterations in genes essential for cuproptosis between DSS-induced colitis mice and healthy controls, providing experimental validation for the analysis results of microarray data. Further analysis revealed that latamoxef, vitinoin, clomipramine, chlorzoxazone, glibenclamide, pyruvic acid, clindamycin, medrysone, caspan, and flavin adenine dinucleotide might be the target agents for cuproptosis-related genes. Conclusions In conclusion, cuproptosis was significantly associated with immune infiltration in UC, and the cuproptosis-related genes showed an excellent discrimination for UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beihua Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xudong Tang,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ghiboub M, Penny S, Verburgt CM, Boneh RS, Wine E, Cohen A, Dunn KA, Pinto DM, Benninga MA, de Jonge WJ, Levine A, Van Limbergen JE. Metabolome Changes With Diet-Induced Remission in Pediatric Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:922-936.e15. [PMID: 35679949 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The Crohn's disease (CD) exclusion diet (CDED) plus partial enteral nutrition (PEN) and exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) both induce remission in pediatric CD. CDED+PEN is better tolerated and able to sustain remission. We characterized the changes in fecal metabolites induced by CDED+PEN and EEN and their relationship with remission. METHODS A total of 216 fecal metabolites were measured in 80 fecal samples at week (W) 0, W6, and W12, of children with mild to moderate CD in a prospective randomized trial comparing CDED+PEN vs EEN. The metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Metagenome Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Orthology analysis was performed to investigate the differential functional gene abundance involved in specific metabolic pathways. Data were analyzed according to clinical outcome of remission (W6_rem), no remission (W6_nr), sustained remission (W12_sr), and nonsustained (W12_nsr) remission. RESULTS A decrease in kynurenine and succinate synthesis and an increase in N-α-acetyl-arginine characterized CDED+PEN W6_rem, whereas changes in lipid metabolism characterized EEN W6_rem, especially reflected by lower levels in ceramides. In contrast, fecal metabolites in EEN W6_nr were comparable to baseline/W0 samples. CDED+PEN W6_rem children maintained metabolome changes through W12. In contrast, W12_nsr children in the EEN group, who resumed a free diet after week 6, did not. The metabolome of CDED+PEN differed from EEN in the purine, pyrimidine, and sphingolipid pathways. A significant differential abundance in several genes involved in these pathways was detected. CONCLUSION CDED+PEN- and EEN-induced remission are associated with significant changes in inflammatory bowel disease-associated metabolites such as kynurenine, ceramides, amino acids, and others. Sustained remission with CDED+PEN, but not EEN, was associated with persistent changes in metabolites. CLINICALTRIALS gov, Number NCT01728870.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghiboub
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Penny
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Halifax, Canada
| | - Charlotte M Verburgt
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rotem Sigall Boneh
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wolfson Medical Centre, Holon, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eytan Wine
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Alejandro Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Devanand M Pinto
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Halifax, Canada
| | - Marc A Benninga
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arie Levine
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wolfson Medical Centre, Holon, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Johan E Van Limbergen
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Macrophage immunometabolism in inflammatory bowel diseases: From pathogenesis to therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
31
|
Alterations in Blood Plasma Metabolome of Patients with Lesniowski-Crohn's Disease Shortly after Surgical Treatment-Pilot Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060529. [PMID: 35736464 PMCID: PMC9228040 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesniowski-Crohn’s disease (CD) is a type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of uncertain etiology. Initially, pharmacological management is undertaken; however, surgical intervention is necessary to improve life quality and relieve symptoms in most cases. Here changes are reported in blood metabolome that occurred three days after the ileo-colic region resection in the case of seven patients. Alterations are observed in levels of metabolites associated with multiple mitochondrial pathways, based on the Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis, reflecting a high energy demand in the post-operative period. As most of these metabolites are also essential nutrients supplied from foods, we believe that our results might contribute to the discussion on perioperative nutrition’s role in enhanced recovery.
Collapse
|
32
|
Li MX, Li MY, Lei JX, Wu YZ, Li ZH, Chen LM, Zhou CL, Su JY, Huang GX, Huang XQ, Zheng XB. Huangqin decoction ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis: Role of gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism, mTOR pathway and intestinal epithelial barrier. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154052. [PMID: 35344714 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) is limited. A traditional Chinese medicinal formula, Huangqin decoction (HQD), is chronicled in Shang Han Lun and is widely used to ameliorate gastrointestinal disorders, such as UC; however, its mechanism is yet to be clarified. PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate the effect of HQD on 7-day colitis induced by 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice and further explore the inhibitory effect of metabolites on DSS-damaged FHC cells. METHODS The therapeutic efficacy of HQD was evaluated in a well-established DSS-induced colitis mice model. The clinical symptoms were analyzed, and biological samples were collected for microscopic examination, metabolomics, metagenomics, and the evaluation of the epithelial barrier function. The mechanism of metabolites regulated by HQD was evaluated in the DSS-induced FHC cell damage model. The samples were collected to detect the physiological functions of the cells. RESULTS HQD suppressed the inflammation of DSS-induced colitis in vivo, attenuated DSS-induced clinical manifestations, reversed colon length reduction, and reduced histological injury. After HQD treatment, the DSS-induced gut dysbiosis was modulated, and the gut microbiota achieved a new equilibrium state. In addition, HQD activated the mTOR signaling pathway by upregulating amino acid metabolism. Significant phosphorylation of S6 and 4E-BP1 ameliorated intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. Moreover, HQD-regulated metabolites protected the epithelial barrier integrity by inhibiting DSS-induced apoptosis of FHC cells and regulating the proteins affecting apoptosis and cell-cell junction. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that the mechanism of HQD was related to regulating the gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism, activating the mTOR signaling pathway, and protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Min-Yao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Xuan Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Hao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Ming Chen
- Guangzhou Huibiao Testing Technology Center, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | | | - Ji-Yan Su
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Huang
- Clinical research center, Shantou central hospital, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Xue-Bao Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jagt JZ, Struys EA, Ayada I, Bakkali A, Jansen EEW, Claesen J, van Limbergen JE, Benninga MA, de Boer NKH, de Meij TGJ. Fecal Amino Acid Analysis in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Case-Control Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:755-763. [PMID: 34757415 PMCID: PMC9074868 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal metabolomic profiles differ between pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and controls and may provide new insights in the pathophysiology of IBD. The role of amino acids, however, is not fully elucidated. We aimed to assess fecal amino acid profiles in pediatric IBD. METHODS In this case-control study, treatment-naïve, newly diagnosed pediatric IBD patients and a non-IBD control group, matched based on sex and age, were included in 2 tertiary centres. Fecal amino acid profiles were assessed using a targeted high-performance liquid chromatography technique. A random forest classifier method was used to develop a prediction model differentiating IBD from controls and predicting IBD phenotype. The association between IBD localization and amino acid concentrations was tested with ordinal regression models. RESULTS We included 78 newly diagnosed IBD patients (40 Crohn's disease [CD], 38 ulcerative colitis [UC]) and 105 controls. Patients with IBD could be differentiated from controls with an accuracy of 82% (sensitivity 63%, specificity 97%). Twenty-nine out of the 42 measured unique amino acids were included in the prediction model. Increased levels of tryptophan, taurine, alanine, ornithine, valine, histidine, and leucine were the most differentiating features. Children with CD and UC could be differentiated from the controls with an accuracy of 80% and 90%, respectively. Inflammatory bowel disease phenotype could not be predicted. Tryptophan, valine, and histidine levels were positively associated with more extended disease in UC patients (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Fecal amino acids may enhance understanding of the role of host-microbial interactions in the pathophysiology of IBD and may evolve into biomarkers for pediatric IBD diagnostic and personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn Z Jagt
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard A Struys
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ibrahim Ayada
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abdellatif Bakkali
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin E W Jansen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Claesen
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan E van Limbergen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A Benninga
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nanne K H de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim G J de Meij
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cortes GM, Marcialis MA, Bardanzellu F, Corrias A, Fanos V, Mussap M. Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19: How Microbiomics and Metabolomics Depict Two Sides of the Same Coin. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:856165. [PMID: 35391730 PMCID: PMC8981987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.856165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the gastrointestinal tract structure and function is seriously compromised by two pathological conditions sharing, at least in part, several pathogenetic mechanisms: inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. IBD and COVID-19 are marked by gut inflammation, intestinal barrier breakdown, resulting in mucosal hyperpermeability, gut bacterial overgrowth, and dysbiosis together with perturbations in microbial and human metabolic pathways originating changes in the blood and fecal metabolome. This review compared the most relevant metabolic and microbial alterations reported from the literature in patients with IBD with those in patients with COVID-19. In both diseases, gut dysbiosis is marked by the prevalence of pro-inflammatory bacterial species and the shortfall of anti-inflammatory species; most studies reported the decrease in Firmicutes, with a specific decrease in obligately anaerobic producers short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. In addition, Escherichia coli overgrowth has been observed in IBD and COVID-19, while Akkermansia muciniphila is depleted in IBD and overexpressed in COVID-19. In patients with COVID-19, gut dysbiosis continues after the clearance of the viral RNA from the upper respiratory tract and the resolution of clinical symptoms. Finally, we presented and discussed the impact of gut dysbiosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased energy demand on metabolic pathways involving key metabolites, such as tryptophan, phenylalanine, histidine, glutamine, succinate, citrate, and lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gian Mario Cortes
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Marcialis
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Angelica Corrias
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Michele Mussap
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Piestansky J, Olesova D, Matuskova M, Cizmarova I, Chalova P, Galba J, Majerova P, Mikus P, Kovac A. Amino acids in inflammatory bowel diseases: Modern diagnostic tools and methodologies. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 107:139-213. [PMID: 35337602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are crucial building blocks of living organisms. Together with their derivatives, they participate in many intracellular processes to act as hormones, neuromodulators, and neurotransmitters. For several decades amino acids have been studied for their potential as markers of various diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases. Subsequent improvements in sample pretreatment, separation, and detection methods have enabled the specific and very sensitive determination of these molecules in multicomponent matrices-biological fluids and tissues. The information obtained from targeted amino acid analysis (biomarker-based analytical strategy) can be further used for early diagnostics, to monitor the course of the disease or compliance of the patients. This review will provide an insight into current knowledge about inflammatory bowel diseases, the role of proteinogenic amino acids in intestinal inflammation and modern analytical techniques used in its diagnosis and disease activity monitoring. Current advances in the analysis of amino acids focused on sample pretreatment, separation strategy, or detection methods are highlighted, and their potential in clinical laboratories is discussed. In addition, the latest clinical data obtained from the metabolomic profiling of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases are summarized with a focus on proteinogenic amino acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Piestansky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Olesova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Matuskova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Cizmarova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Chalova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Galba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bravo Iniguez A, Tian Q, Du M, Zhu MJ. Alpha-Ketoglutarate Promotes Goblet Cell Differentiation and Alters Urea Cycle Metabolites in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061148. [PMID: 35334805 PMCID: PMC8951758 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolite, alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG), shows promise as an approach for ameliorating colitis, but much remains unknown about the full extent of its effects on the metabolome and mucosal barrier. To further elucidate this matter, C57BL/6 male mice received drinking water with or without 1% aKG for three weeks, then were subjected to 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induction for 7 days followed by 7 days of recovery. Cecal content and intestinal tissue samples were analyzed for changes in metabolite profile and signaling pathways. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics revealed a separation between the metabolome of mice treated with or without aKG; putrescine and glycine were significantly increased; and ornithine and amide products, oleamide and urea were significantly decreased. Based on a pathway analysis, aKG treatment induced metabolite changes and enriched glutathione metabolism and the urea cycle. Additionally, signaling pathways committing epithelial cells to the secretory lineage were elevated in aKG-treated mice. Consistently, aKG supplementation increased goblet cells staining, mRNA expression of mucin 2, and, trefoil factor 3 and Krüppel-like factor 4, markers of goblet cell differentiation. These data suggest the ameliorating the effects of aKG against chemically induced colitis involves a reduction in harmful metabolites and the promotion of goblet cell differentiation, resulting in a more-fortified mucus layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bravo Iniguez
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (A.B.I.); (Q.T.)
| | - Qiyu Tian
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (A.B.I.); (Q.T.)
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (A.B.I.); (Q.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-509-335-4016
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gut Microbial Metabolite-Mediated Regulation of the Intestinal Barrier in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124259. [PMID: 34959809 PMCID: PMC8704337 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. The disease has a multifactorial aetiology, involving genetic, microbial as well as environmental factors. The disease pathogenesis operates at the host-microbe interface in the gut. The intestinal epithelium plays a central role in IBD disease pathogenesis. Apart from being a physical barrier, the epithelium acts as a node that integrates environmental, dietary, and microbial cues to calibrate host immune response and maintain homeostasis in the gut. IBD patients display microbial dysbiosis in the gut, combined with an increased barrier permeability that contributes to disease pathogenesis. Metabolites produced by microbes in the gut are dynamic indicators of diet, host, and microbial interplay in the gut. Microbial metabolites are actively absorbed or diffused across the intestinal lining to affect the host response in the intestine as well as at systemic sites via the engagement of cognate receptors. In this review, we summarize insights from metabolomics studies, uncovering the dynamic changes in gut metabolite profiles in IBD and their importance as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease. We focus on gut microbial metabolites as key regulators of the intestinal barrier and their role in the pathogenesis of IBD.
Collapse
|
38
|
Analysis of urinary organic acids by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for metabolic profiling applications. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1658:462590. [PMID: 34666271 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, accurate and precise method was developed for the quantification of a large number of organic acids in human urine by GC-MS/MS. The analytes were selected based on their role as key metabolic intermediates; intermediates of Krebs cycle, fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis, down-stream metabolites of neurotransmitter synthesis and degradation, metabolites indicative of nutritional deficiencies, byproducts of microbial activity in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) etc. The most efficient sample preparation protocol was selected based on tests for extraction with different solvents such as MTBE and ethyl acetate under acidic conditions, whereas finally a more general protocol was applied with methanol. Regarding derivatization, methoxyamine with MSTFA, 1% TMCS was applied. The method was extensively validated, including stability study, ensuring accurate determination of the studied organic acids in human urine. Proof of its utility was exhibited in a set of samples from human volunteers. The method can find wide applicability in the context of metabolomics for clinical or nutritional studies.
Collapse
|
39
|
Metabolomics Insights into Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111190. [PMID: 34832973 PMCID: PMC8625096 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, complex relapsing disorder characterised by immune dysregulation, gut microbiota alteration, and disturbed intestinal permeability. The diagnosis and the management of IBD are challenging due to the recurrent nature and complex evolution of the disease. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying the aetiology and pathogenesis of IBD is still poorly understood. There is an unmet need for novel, reliable, and noninvasive tools for diagnosing and monitoring IBD. In addition, metabolomic profiles may provide a priori determination of optimal therapeutics and reveal novel targets for therapies. This review tries to gather scientific evidence to summarise the emerging contribution of metabolomics to elucidate the mechanisms underlying IBD and changes associated with disease phenotype and therapies, as well as to identify biomarkers with metabolic imbalance in those patients. Metabolite changes during health and disease could provide insights into the disease pathogenesis and the discovery of novel indicators for the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of IBD. Metabolomic studies in IBD have shown changes in tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, amino-acid and fatty-acid metabolism, and oxidative pathways. Metabolomics has made progress towards identifying metabolic alterations that may provide clinically useful biomarkers and a deeper understanding of the disease. However, at present, there is insufficient evidence evaluating the predictive accuracy of these molecular signatures and their diagnostic ability, which is necessary before metabolomic data can be translated into clinical practice.
Collapse
|
40
|
Lu X, Dou P, Xie X, Wang X, Liu X, Hua R, Xu G. Development of a novel analytical method for inflammation and immunity-related metabolites in serum based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 234:122631. [PMID: 34364440 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Some metabolites have been found to play key roles in inflammation and immunity events that are associated with diseases such as cancer, diabetes and cytokine release syndrome. Characterization upon the inflammation and immunity-related metabolites (IIMs) will be helpful to the assessment of related pathological states. Although these metabolites have been partially reported in previous studies, the methods for specific measurement of them remain lacking. In the present study, a liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry based method was developed for the targeted analyses of 45 IIMs including amino acids, organic acids, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), polyunsaturated fatty acids and hormones selected based on the literature knowledge. Direct extraction with dansyl-chloride in acetonitrile was proved to be the most efficient and time-saving strategy, in which precipitation, extraction and derivatization were integrated. IIMs derivatized for 4 min and quenched for 2 min revealed the most comprehensive abundance. Based on the defined conditions, all the IIMs had a low limit of detection smaller than 1 ng/mL with the linear range greater than three orders of magnitude. The relative standard derivations of intra-day and inter-day precisions were ranged from 2.2% to 13.4% and 1.7% to 19.5%, respectively. The recovery rates and accuracy in low concentration were 98.9% ± 5.6% and 106.7% ± 11.6%, in medium concentration were 97.1% ± 6.8% and 106.9% ± 9.5%, and in high concentration were 98.4% ± 8.9% and 98.1% ± 8.1%, respectively. Matrix effect and stability were ranged from -37.8% to 35.6% and 2.9% to 14.2%, respectively. To show the usefulness of the method, serum IIMs in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients and healthy subjects were determined and compared. Bile acids, lipoxygenase-mediated lipid mediators and non-enzymatic products showed global increases, whereas most of LysoPCs and cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandin D2 decreased in HBV serum samples. This study provided a robust approach for the characterization of IIMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Peng Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Rui Hua
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yu XH, Cao RR, Yang YQ, Lei SF. Identification of causal metabolites related to multiple autoimmune diseases. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:604-613. [PMID: 34523675 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECT Observational studies provide evidence that metabolites may be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases (ADs), but whether it is causal is still unknown. METHODS Based on the large-scale GWAS summary statistics, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to evaluate the causal association between human serum metabolites and multiple ADs, which were inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative Colitis (UC), crohn's disease (CD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis (MS), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Comprehensive sensitive analysis was used to validate the robustness of MR results and multivariable MR analysis was conducted to avoid potential pleiotropic effect of other complex traits. Finally, metabolic pathway analysis was performed based on causal metabolites for each ad, respectively. RESULTS We identified 6 causal features of metabolite after Bonferroni adjustment, i.e. glycerol 2-phosphate for T1D, hexadecanedioate, phenylacetylglutamine and laurylcarnitine for RA, glycine and arachidonate (20:4n6) for CD. Then comprehensively sensitive analysis proved the robustness of the causal associations. We also observed some overlaps of metabolites among different ADs, indicating the similar mechanisms. After controlling for several common traits, multivariable MR analysis ruled out most of potential pleiotropic effects and validated the independence of identified metabolites. Additionally, a total of 6 metabolic pathways have been identified for different ADs. CONCLUSIONS This study provided novel insights into investigating causal role of serum metabolites in development of multiple ADs through a comprehensive genetic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hao Yu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Rong Cao
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Qun Yang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim HM, Kang JS. Metabolomic Studies for the Evaluation of Toxicity Induced by Environmental Toxicants on Model Organisms. Metabolites 2021; 11:485. [PMID: 34436425 PMCID: PMC8402193 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution causes significant toxicity to ecosystems. Thus, acquiring a deeper understanding of the concentration of environmental pollutants in ecosystems and, clarifying their potential toxicities is of great significance. Environmental metabolomics is a powerful technique in investigating the effects of pollutants on living organisms in the environment. In this review, we cover the different aspects of the environmental metabolomics approach, which allows the acquisition of reliable data. A step-by-step procedure from sample preparation to data interpretation is also discussed. Additionally, other factors, including model organisms and various types of emerging environmental toxicants are discussed. Moreover, we cover the considerations for successful environmental metabolomics as well as the identification of toxic effects based on data interpretation in combination with phenotype assays. Finally, the effects induced by various types of environmental toxicants in model organisms based on the application of environmental metabolomics are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xie D, Li F, Pang D, Zhao S, Zhang M, Ren Z, Geng C, Wang C, Wei N, Jiang P. Systematic Metabolic Profiling of Mice with Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2941-2953. [PMID: 34239317 PMCID: PMC8259941 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s313374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a chronic inflammatory disease, which affects almost all tissues in the body. Previous studies mainly focused on breathing, fecal, and urine samples of patients with IBD. However, there is no comprehensive metabolomic analysis of the serum, colon, heart, liver, kidney, cortex, hippocampus, and brown fat tissues. Therefore, the aim of our study is to evaluate the utility metabolomic analysis of target tissues in the pathogenesis of IBD in exploring new biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allocated to control and DSS-treated groups (n = 7). Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was orally administered for 6 weeks. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for metabolite determination, multivariate statistical analysis was used to identify metabolites that were differentially expressed in two groups. Results Our results showed that 3, 11, 12, 6, 5, 13, 13, and 11 metabolites were differentially expressed between the DSS treatment group and the control group in the serum, colon, heart, liver, kidney, cortex, hippocampus, and brown fat tissues, respectively. The most significant change of metabolites in the study was amino acid (L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-lysine, L-isoleucine, L-tryptophan, L-norleucine, L-valine, glycine, serine, L-threonine), organic acid (citric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, propanoic acid), glucide (D-arabinose, D-fructose) and purine (9H-purin-6-ol, D-ribose) profiles. Several pathways were affected according to the integrated pathway analysis. These pathways ranged from amino acid metabolism (such as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, glutathione metabolism) to purine metabolism (aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis). Conclusion Using GC-MS-based profiling of metabolite changes, these results may provide a more comprehensive view for IBD and IBD-related diseases and improve the understanding of IBD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dadi Xie
- Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, 277500, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfeng Li
- Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, 277500, People's Republic of China
| | - Deshui Pang
- Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, 277500, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Zhao
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, 277500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfa Ren
- Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, 277500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changshui Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wei
- Shanting District People's Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277200, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Caffaratti C, Plazy C, Mery G, Tidjani AR, Fiorini F, Thiroux S, Toussaint B, Hannani D, Le Gouellec A. What We Know So Far about the Metabolite-Mediated Microbiota-Intestinal Immunity Dialogue and How to Hear the Sound of This Crosstalk. Metabolites 2021; 11:406. [PMID: 34205653 PMCID: PMC8234899 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microorganisms, termed the "microbiota", reside in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, and collectively participate in regulating the host phenotype. It is now clear that the gut microbiota, metabolites, and intestinal immune function are correlated, and that alterations of the complex and dynamic host-microbiota interactions can have deep consequences for host health. However, the mechanisms by which the immune system regulates the microbiota and by which the microbiota shapes host immunity are still not fully understood. This article discusses the contribution of metabolites in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and immune cells. The identification of key metabolites having a causal effect on immune responses and of the mechanisms involved can contribute to a deeper insight into host-microorganism relationships. This will allow a better understanding of the correlation between dysbiosis, microbial-based dysmetabolism, and pathogenesis, thus creating opportunities to develop microbiota-based therapeutics to improve human health. In particular, we systematically review the role of soluble and membrane-bound microbial metabolites in modulating host immunity in the gut, and of immune cells-derived metabolites affecting the microbiota, while discussing evidence of the bidirectional impact of this crosstalk. Furthermore, we discuss the potential strategies to hear the sound of such metabolite-mediated crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Caffaratti
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Caroline Plazy
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Geoffroy Mery
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Department of Infectiology-Pneumology, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Abdoul-Razak Tidjani
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Federica Fiorini
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Sarah Thiroux
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Bertrand Toussaint
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Dalil Hannani
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Audrey Le Gouellec
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gallagher K, Catesson A, Griffin JL, Holmes E, Williams HRT. Metabolomic Analysis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:813-826. [PMID: 33175138 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic, idiopathic gastrointestinal diseases. Although their precise aetiology is unknown, it is thought to involve a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and an abnormal host immune response to environmental exposures, probably microbial. Microbial dysbiosis has frequently been documented in IBD. Metabolomics [the study of small molecular intermediates and end products of metabolism in biological samples] provides a unique opportunity to characterize disease-associated metabolic changes and may be of particular use in quantifying gut microbial metabolism. Numerous metabolomic studies have been undertaken in IBD populations, identifying consistent alterations in a range of molecules across several biological matrices. This systematic review aims to summarize these findings. METHODS A comprehensive, systematic search was carried out using Medline and Embase. All studies were reviewed by two authors independently using predefined exclusion criteria. Sixty-four relevant papers were assessed for quality and included in the review. RESULTS Consistent metabolic perturbations were identified, including increases in levels of branched chain amino acids and lipid classes across stool, serum, plasma and tissue biopsy samples, and reduced levels of microbially modified metabolites in both urine [such as hippurate] and stool [such as secondary bile acids] samples. CONCLUSIONS This review provides a summary of metabolomic research in IBD to date, highlighting underlying themes of perturbed gut microbial metabolism and mammalian-microbial co-metabolism associated with disease status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Gallagher
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Alexandra Catesson
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK.,Institute of Health Futures, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Horace R T Williams
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bauset C, Gisbert-Ferrándiz L, Cosín-Roger J. Metabolomics as a Promising Resource Identifying Potential Biomarkers for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040622. [PMID: 33562024 PMCID: PMC7915257 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a relapsing chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by disruption of epithelial barrier function and excessive immune response to gut microbiota. The lack of biomarkers providing early diagnosis or defining the status of the pathology difficulties an accurate assessment of the disease. Given the different metabolomic profiles observed in IBD patients, metabolomics may reveal prime candidates to be studied, which may help in understanding the pathology and identifying novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the most current advances describing the promising metabolites such as lipids or amino acids found through untargeted metabolomics from serum, faecal, urine and biopsy samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bauset
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBER, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.); (L.G.-F.)
| | - Laura Gisbert-Ferrándiz
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBER, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.); (L.G.-F.)
| | - Jesús Cosín-Roger
- Hospital Dr. Peset, Fundación para la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963851234
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Han Z, Wang H, Guo D, Zhang J. Integrative transcriptomic and metabonomic profiling analyses reveal the molecular mechanism of Chinese traditional medicine huankuile suspension on TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5087-5103. [PMID: 33535180 PMCID: PMC7950284 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Huankuile suspension (HKL), a typical traditional Chinese medicine, on ulcerative colitis (UC) in a rat model. UC model was established by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) enema. Then, the rats were randomly divided into three groups: water treated group, HKL treated group and 5- amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) treated group. After 7 days treatment, the histological score in the HKL treated group was comparable with those in the control group. qRT-PCR and western blot demonstrated that HKL could significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, while having less effect on anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-10. Transcriptomic analysis identified 670 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HKL treated UC rats and water treated UC rats. These DEGs were mostly related with immune response. Besides, metabonomic profile revealed 136 differential metabolites which were significantly enriched in “pyrimidine metabolism”, “glutathione metabolism”, “purine metabolism” and “citrate cycle”. Finally, integrated analysis revealed that metabonomic pathways including “steroid hormone biosynthesis”, “pyrimidine metabolism”, “purine metabolism”, and “glutathione metabolism” were altered by HKL at both transcriptomic and metabonomic levels. HKL could inhibit inflammation and regulate bile metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, glutathione metabolism and citrate cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglan Han
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hanyan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dongmei Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Choi I, Son H, Baek JH. Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle Intermediates: Regulators of Immune Responses. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:69. [PMID: 33477822 PMCID: PMC7832849 DOI: 10.3390/life11010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) is a series of chemical reactions used in aerobic organisms to generate energy via the oxidation of acetylcoenzyme A (CoA) derived from carbohydrates, fatty acids and proteins. In the eukaryotic system, the TCA cycle occurs completely in mitochondria, while the intermediates of the TCA cycle are retained inside mitochondria due to their polarity and hydrophilicity. Under cell stress conditions, mitochondria can become disrupted and release their contents, which act as danger signals in the cytosol. Of note, the TCA cycle intermediates may also leak from dysfunctioning mitochondria and regulate cellular processes. Increasing evidence shows that the metabolites of the TCA cycle are substantially involved in the regulation of immune responses. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive systematic overview of the molecular mechanisms of each TCA cycle intermediate that may play key roles in regulating cellular immunity in cell stress and discuss its implication for immune activation and suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jea-Hyun Baek
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37554, Korea; (I.C.); (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Feng W, Liu J, Tan Y, Ao H, Wang J, Peng C. Polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. Ameliorate ulcerative colitis via extensive modification of gut microbiota and host metabolism. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
50
|
Plasma amino acid status is useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage in calves with cryptosporidiosis. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1459-1464. [PMID: 33090265 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that some amino acid abnormalities in diarrheic calves are useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage, as in humans. However, few reports have revealed the relationship between intestinal mucosal damage and plasma amino acids in diarrheic calves. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between the amino acid status and plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, which is known to be a biomarker for intestinal mucosal damage in diarrheic calves. Twenty Holstein calves aged 12.6 ± 4.2 days old were enrolled in this study. In the diarrhea group (n = 10), there were yellow loose feces within the rectum and Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) was detected in all fecal samples. These calves were clinically normal except for diarrhea. All calves in the control group (n = 10) appeared to be healthy based on clinical findings with normal feces production and the absence of C. parvum. Plasma amino acid concentrations and DAO activity were measured. The relationships between plasma DAO activity and the concentration of each plasma amino acid were investigated using Spearman's rank test. The plasma DAO activity was significantly lower in the diarrhea group (176.1 ± 60.1 IU mL-1) than in the control group (309.3 ± 74.8 IU mL-1) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, positive correlations were observed when comparing plasma DAO activity with histidine, proline, cystine, arginine, and glutamine concentrations. As a result of relationship between plasma DAO activity and amino acid status, it was concluded that plasma amino acid status is useful for understanding intestinal mucosal damage in calves with cryptosporidiosis.
Collapse
|