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Talevi A, Bellera C. An update on the novel methods for the discovery of antiseizure and antiepileptogenic medications: where are we in 2024? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38963148 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2373165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the availability of around 30 antiseizure medications, 1/3 of patients with epilepsy fail to become seizure-free upon pharmacological treatment. Available medications provide adequate symptomatic control in two-thirds of patients, but disease-modifying drugs are still scarce. Recently, though, new paradigms have been explored. AREAS COVERED Three areas are reviewed in which a high degree of innovation in the search for novel antiseizure and antiepileptogenic medications has been implemented: development of novel screening approaches, search for novel therapeutic targets, and adoption of new drug discovery paradigms aligned with a systems pharmacology perspective. EXPERT OPINION In the past, worldwide leaders in epilepsy have reiteratively stated that the lack of progress in the field may be explained by the recurrent use of the same molecular targets and screening procedures to identify novel medications. This landscape has changed recently, as reflected by the new Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program and the introduction of many in vitro and in vivo models that could possibly improve our chances of identifying first-in-class medications that may control drug-resistant epilepsy or modify the course of disease. Other milestones include the study of new molecular targets for disease-modifying drugs and exploration of a systems pharmacology perspective to design new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Talevi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compound Research and Development (LIDeB), Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Bellera
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compound Research and Development (LIDeB), Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Du Y, Xiao X, You HZ, Hou ZY, Yang XD, Wang J, Tang J, Wang Y. Association of High Plasma Levels of Serpin E1, IGFBP2, and CCL5 With Refractory Epilepsy in Children by Cytokine Profiling. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:953-962. [PMID: 37731223 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231201245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines participate in the pathology of epilepsy and the development of drug resistance. In this study, we combined a cytokine array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to identify new cytokines in the plasma from children on early stage of the onset of epilepsy (EOE) and children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Compared with healthy controls, a broad up-regulation of cytokines was observed in patients with EOE, and many of the cytokines were not previously reported. In patients with DRE, most of these up-regulated cytokines maintained at relatively low levels close to those in controls; only a few of them, including CCL5, Serpin E1, and IGFBP2, remained at high levels. The dramatic difference in cytokine profile could be a strong clue for the incidence of DRE, and DRE-associated cytokines appeared to have the potential to be new biomarkers for epilepsy prognosis and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Zhen You
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Yuan Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingyan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chen Z, Sun H, Zhang W, Hou S, Yang X, Lin J, Ma X, Meng H. Exploring correlations between immune cell phenotypes and the risk of epilepsy: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 157:109896. [PMID: 38905914 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation plays an important pathophysiological role in epilepsy; however, the precise connection between immune cells and epilepsy remains unclear. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to analyze the causal relationship between 731 immune cell traits and epilepsy. METHODS Based on data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS), a bidirectional two-sample MR analysis was conducted to investigate the potential influence of immune cell phenotypes on epilepsy. Five MR methods were used to analyze the results, with the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary method, and the results were corrected using the false discovery rate (FDR) method. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test for heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. RESULTS After correction for FDR, four immune traits remained significantly associated with epilepsy risk: CD25 expression on memory (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI = 1.02 ∼ 1.06,P = 2.55 × 10-4), IgD+CD38dim (OR = 1.05, 95 % CI = 1.02 ∼ 1.08, P = 4.73 × 10-4), CD24+CD27+ (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI = 1.02 ∼ 1.06, P = 4.82 × 10-4), and IgD-CD38dim (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI = 1.02 ∼ 1.06, P = 1.04 × 10-3) B cells. The risk of generalized epilepsy was significantly associated with two immune cell traits, whereas that of focal epilepsy was significantly associated with seven immune cell traits. Furthermore, immune cell phenotypes are not affected by genetically predicted epilepsy. CONCLUSION This MR study affirms the causal connection between circulating immune cells and epilepsy, offering guidance for further understanding of the immune mechanisms that underlie epilepsy and the discovery of novel targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huaiyu Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wuqiong Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Hou
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingqi Lin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmei Meng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Aguilar-Castillo MJ, Cabezudo-García P, García-Martín G, Lopez-Moreno Y, Estivill-Torrús G, Ciano-Petersen NL, Oliver-Martos B, Narváez-Pelaez M, Serrano-Castro PJ. A Systematic Review of the Predictive and Diagnostic Uses of Neuroinflammation Biomarkers for Epileptogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6488. [PMID: 38928193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A central role for neuroinflammation in epileptogenesis has recently been suggested by several investigations. This systematic review explores the role of inflammatory mediators in epileptogenesis, its association with seizure severity, and its correlation with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The study analysed articles published in JCR journals from 2019 to 2024. The search strategy comprised the MESH, free terms of "Neuroinflammation", and selective searches for the following single biomarkers that had previously been selected from the relevant literature: "High mobility group box 1/HMGB1", "Toll-Like-Receptor 4/TLR-4", "Interleukin-1/IL-1", "Interleukin-6/IL-6", "Transforming growth factor beta/TGF-β", and "Tumour necrosis factor-alpha/TNF-α". These queries were all combined with the MESH terms "Epileptogenesis" and "Epilepsy". We found 243 articles related to epileptogenesis and neuroinflammation, with 356 articles from selective searches by biomarker type. After eliminating duplicates, 324 articles were evaluated, with 272 excluded and 55 evaluated by the authors. A total of 21 articles were included in the qualitative evaluation, including 18 case-control studies, 2 case series, and 1 prospective study. As conclusion, this systematic review provides acceptable support for five biomarkers, including TNF-α and some of its soluble receptors (sTNFr2), HMGB1, TLR-4, CCL2 and IL-33. Certain receptors, cytokines, and chemokines are examples of neuroinflammation-related biomarkers that may be crucial for the early diagnosis of refractory epilepsy or may be connected to the control of epileptic seizures. Their value will be better defined by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Cabezudo-García
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Alianza Andalucía Neuro-RECA-Roche en Neurología Médica de Precisión, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermina García-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Alianza Andalucía Neuro-RECA-Roche en Neurología Médica de Precisión, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Yolanda Lopez-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Alianza Andalucía Neuro-RECA-Roche en Neurología Médica de Precisión, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Nicolas Lundahl Ciano-Petersen
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Alianza Andalucía Neuro-RECA-Roche en Neurología Médica de Precisión, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Hospitales Vithas Málaga y Xanit Internacional, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Begoña Oliver-Martos
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Alianza Andalucía Neuro-RECA-Roche en Neurología Médica de Precisión, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiologia Animal, Biologìa Celular y Genética, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Narváez-Pelaez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Hospitales Vithas Málaga y Xanit Internacional, 29016 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Jesús Serrano-Castro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Alianza Andalucía Neuro-RECA-Roche en Neurología Médica de Precisión, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Hospitales Vithas Málaga y Xanit Internacional, 29016 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Dermatología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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5
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Boda VK, Yasmen N, Jiang J, Li W. Pathophysiological significance and modulation of the transient receptor potential canonical 3 ion channel. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38715347 DOI: 10.1002/med.22048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) protein belongs to the TRP family of nonselective cation channels. Its activation occurs by signaling through a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and a phospholipase C-dependent (PLC) pathway. Perturbations in the expression of TRPC3 are associated with a plethora of pathophysiological conditions responsible for disorders of the cardiovascular, immune, and central nervous systems. The recently solved cryo-EM structure of TRPC3 provides detailed inputs about the underlying mechanistic aspects of the channel, which in turn enables more efficient ways of designing small-molecule modulators. Pharmacologically targeting TRPC3 in animal models has demonstrated great efficacy in treating diseases including cancers, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite extensive scientific evidence supporting some strong correlations between the expression and activity of TRPC3 and various pathophysiological conditions, therapeutic strategies based on its pharmacological modulations have not led to clinical trials. The development of small-molecule TRPC3 modulators with high safety, sufficient brain penetration, and acceptable drug-like profiles remains in progress. Determining the pathological mechanisms for TRPC3 involvement in human diseases and understanding the requirements for a drug-like TRPC3 modulator will be valuable in advancing small-molecule therapeutics to future clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of the origin and activation mechanism of TRPC3 channels, diseases associated with irregularities in their expression, and new development in small-molecule modulators as potential therapeutic interventions for treating TRPC3 channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Boda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nelufar Yasmen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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6
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Han F. The Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction in the Molecular Mechanisms of Epileptogenesis and Targeted Therapy. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:621-634. [PMID: 38564049 PMCID: PMC11127907 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a multifaceted neurological syndrome characterized by recurrent, spontaneous, and synchronous seizures. The pathogenesis of epilepsy, known as epileptogenesis, involves intricate changes in neurons, neuroglia, and endothelium, leading to structural and functional disorders within neurovascular units and culminating in the development of spontaneous epilepsy. Although current research on epilepsy treatments primarily centers around anti-seizure drugs, it is imperative to seek effective interventions capable of disrupting epileptogenesis. To this end, a comprehensive exploration of the changes and the molecular mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis holds the promise of identifying vital biomarkers for accurate diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets. Emphasizing early diagnosis and timely intervention is paramount, as it stands to significantly improve patient prognosis and alleviate the socioeconomic burden. In this review, we highlight the changes and molecular mechanisms of the neurovascular unit in epileptogenesis and provide a theoretical basis for identifying biomarkers and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Liu
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 211166, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yanming Zhao
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 211166, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 211166, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Feng Han
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Institute of Brain Science, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 210019, China.
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Kaur A, Raji, Verma V, Goel RK. Strategic pathway analysis for dual management of epilepsy and comorbid depression: a systems biology perspective. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:36. [PMID: 38699778 PMCID: PMC11061056 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric comorbidity among patients with epilepsy (PWE), affecting more than a third of PWE. Management of depression may improve quality of life of epileptic patients. Unfortunately, available antidepressants worsen epilepsy by reducing the seizure threshold. This situation demands search of new safer target for combined directorate of epilepsy and comorbid depression. A system biology approach may be useful to find novel pathways/markers for the cure of both epilepsy and associated depression via analyzing available genomic and proteomic information. Hence, the system biology approach using curated 64 seed genes involved in temporal lobe epilepsy and mental depression was applied. The interplay of 600 potential proteins was revealed by the Disease Module Detection (DIAMOnD) Algorithm for the treatment of both epilepsy and comorbid depression using these seed genes. The gene enrichment analysis of seed and diamond genes through DAVID suggested 95 pathways. Selected pathways were refined based on their syn or anti role in epilepsy and depression. In conclusion, total 8 pathways and 27 DIAMOnD genes/proteins were finally deduced as potential new targets for modulation of selected pathways to manage epilepsy and comorbid depression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-024-00208-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab India 147002
| | - Raji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab India 147002
| | - Varinder Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab India 147002
| | - Rajesh Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab India 147002
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Estevez I, Buckley BD, Panzera N, Lindman M, Chou TW, McCourt M, Vaglio BJ, Atkins C, Firestein BL, Daniels BP. RIPK3 promotes neuronal survival by suppressing excitatory neurotransmission during CNS viral infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591333. [PMID: 38712188 PMCID: PMC11071512 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
While recent work has identified roles for immune mediators in the regulation of neural activity, the capacity for cell intrinsic innate immune signaling within neurons to influence neurotransmission remains poorly understood. However, the existing evidence linking immune signaling with neuronal function suggests that modulation of neurotransmission may serve previously undefined roles in host protection during infection of the central nervous system. Here, we identify a specialized function for RIPK3, a kinase traditionally associated with necroptotic cell death, in preserving neuronal survival during neurotropic flavivirus infection through the suppression of excitatory neurotransmission. We show that RIPK3 coordinates transcriptomic changes in neurons that suppress neuronal glutamate signaling, thereby desensitizing neurons to excitotoxic cell death. These effects occur independently of the traditional functions of RIPK3 in promoting necroptosis and inflammatory transcription. Instead, RIPK3 promotes phosphorylation of the key neuronal regulatory kinase CaMKII, which in turn activates the transcription factor CREB to drive a neuroprotective transcriptional program and suppress deleterious glutamatergic signaling. These findings identify an unexpected function for a canonical cell death protein in promoting neuronal survival during viral infection through the modulation of neuronal activity, highlighting new mechanisms of neuroimmune crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Estevez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Buckley
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Nicholas Panzera
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Marissa Lindman
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tsui-Wen Chou
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Micheal McCourt
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brandon J. Vaglio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Colm Atkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Bonnie L. Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brian P. Daniels
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Lead Contact
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9
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Khateeb S, Taha EFS. Comparative study of the anti-inflammatory activity of etoricoxib and Matcha green tea against acute kidney injury induced by gamma radiation in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:940-964. [PMID: 38647648 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2338515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the anti-inflammatory activity between Etoricoxib (ETO) and Matcha green tea (MG) in the context of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ionizing gamma radiation (IR) in female rats. Furthermore, the potential impact of whole body IR exposure on the intestinal system and serum estradiol levels was investigated. Additionally, it was acknowledged that the ETO and MG treatments might have exerted favorable effects on the intestinal and hormonal responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six groups of rats were assigned to different treatments: control, ETO, MG, irradiation (IRR), ETO + IRR, and MG + IRR. The evaluation included measuring the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ETO and MG, as well as assessing their antioxidant activity, radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity. Kidney function was assessed through serum creatinine and urea levels. Oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and catalase, were measured to evaluate the antioxidant effects of ETO and MG. The anti-inflammatory potential of the treatments was evaluated by measuring STAT-3 and interleukins (IL-6, IL-23, and IL-17) using an ELISA assay. Prostaglandin E2 receptor (PGE-2) mRNA expression, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemistry for NF-κB inhibitors were performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms in kidney tissue homogenates. Histopathological changes and DNA fragmentation in the intestinal tissues were determined, and the characterization of Matcha green tea was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). This allowed for the identification and quantification of various compounds present in Matcha green tea. Furthermore, the study assessed the effect of IR and treatments on estrogen levels in female rats. RESULTS Data showed that both ETO and MG had the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of AKI induced by IR. Notably, MG exhibited greater efficacy in attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation associated with renal injury. These findings revealed and compared the effects of ETO and MG in alleviating AKI caused by IR. MG demonstrated greater anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent. CONCLUSIONS These results contribute to the growing evidence supporting the use of MG in managing IR-induced renal complications. Future studies should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms and optimizing the application of MG in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Khateeb
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman F S Taha
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Sanz P, Rubio T, Garcia-Gimeno MA. Neuroinflammation and Epilepsy: From Pathophysiology to Therapies Based on Repurposing Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4161. [PMID: 38673747 PMCID: PMC11049926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and epilepsy are different pathologies, but, in some cases, they are so closely related that the activation of one of the pathologies leads to the development of the other. In this work, we discuss the three main cell types involved in neuroinflammation, namely (i) reactive astrocytes, (ii) activated microglia, and infiltration of (iii) peripheral immune cells in the central nervous system. Then, we discuss how neuroinflammation and epilepsy are interconnected and describe the use of different repurposing drugs with anti-inflammatory properties that have been shown to have a beneficial effect in different epilepsy models. This review reinforces the idea that compounds designed to alleviate seizures need to target not only the neuroinflammation caused by reactive astrocytes and microglia but also the interaction of these cells with infiltrated peripheral immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascual Sanz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Rubio
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Europea de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Adelaida Garcia-Gimeno
- Department of Biotechnology, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural, Universitat Politécnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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11
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Costa B, Vale N. Virus-Induced Epilepsy vs. Epilepsy Patients Acquiring Viral Infection: Unravelling the Complex Relationship for Precision Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3730. [PMID: 38612542 PMCID: PMC11011490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate relationship between viruses and epilepsy involves a bidirectional interaction. Certain viruses can induce epilepsy by infecting the brain, leading to inflammation, damage, or abnormal electrical activity. Conversely, epilepsy patients may be more susceptible to viral infections due to factors, such as compromised immune systems, anticonvulsant drugs, or surgical interventions. Neuroinflammation, a common factor in both scenarios, exhibits onset, duration, intensity, and consequence variations. It can modulate epileptogenesis, increase seizure susceptibility, and impact anticonvulsant drug pharmacokinetics, immune system function, and brain physiology. Viral infections significantly impact the clinical management of epilepsy patients, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach encompassing diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of both conditions. We delved into the dual dynamics of viruses inducing epilepsy and epilepsy patients acquiring viruses, examining the unique features of each case. For virus-induced epilepsy, we specify virus types, elucidate mechanisms of epilepsy induction, emphasize neuroinflammation's impact, and analyze its effects on anticonvulsant drug pharmacokinetics. Conversely, in epilepsy patients acquiring viruses, we detail the acquired virus, its interaction with existing epilepsy, neuroinflammation effects, and changes in anticonvulsant drug pharmacokinetics. Understanding this interplay advances precision therapies for epilepsy during viral infections, providing mechanistic insights, identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and supporting optimized dosing regimens. However, further studies are crucial to validate tools, discover new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and evaluate targeted therapy safety and efficacy in diverse epilepsy and viral infection scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Costa
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Huang P, Cheng Q, Ding H. Luteolin ameliorates pentetrazole-induced seizures through the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Epilepsy Res 2024; 201:107321. [PMID: 38382229 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy represents a prevalent neurological disorder in the population, and the existing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) often fail to adequately control seizures. Inflammation is recognized as a pivotal factor in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Luteolin, a natural flavonoid extract, possesses anti-inflammatory properties and exhibits promising neuroprotective activity. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the antiepileptic effects of luteolin remain elusive. In this study, we established a rat model of epilepsy using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) to induce seizures. A series of behavioral experiments were conducted to assess behavioral abilities and cognitive function. Histological techniques, including HE staining, Nissl staining, and TUNEL staining, were employed to assess hippocampal neuronal damage. Additionally, Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and ELISA were utilized to analyze the expression levels of proteins involved in the TLR4/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway, transcription levels of apoptotic factors, and levels of inflammatory cytokines, respectively. Luteolin exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in seizure severity, prolonged the latency period of seizures, and shortened seizure duration. Furthermore, luteolin prevented hippocampal neuronal damage in PTZ-induced epileptic rats and partially restored behavioral function and learning and memory abilities. Lastly, PTZ kindling activated the TLR4/IκBα/NF-κB pathway, leading to elevated levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, which were attenuated by luteolin. Luteolin exerted anticonvulsant and neuroprotective activities in the PTZ-induced epileptic model. Its mechanism was associated with the inhibition of the TLR4/IκBα/NF-κB pathway, alleviating the immune-inflammatory response in the post-epileptic hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Cheng
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, No.68, Xuefu South Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, PR China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, No.185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
| | - Puxin Huang
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, No.185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
| | - Qingzhou Cheng
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, No.68, Xuefu South Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, PR China.
| | - Hong Ding
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, No.185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China.
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13
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Li W, Wu J, Zeng Y, Zheng W. Neuroinflammation in epileptogenesis: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1269241. [PMID: 38187384 PMCID: PMC10771847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a group of enduring neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous and recurrent seizures with heterogeneous etiology, clinical expression, severity, and prognosis. Growing body of research investigates that epileptic seizures are originated from neuronal synchronized and excessive electrical activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated and 30% of epileptic patients still are resistant to the currently available pharmacological treatments with recurrent seizures throughout life. Over the past two decades years accumulated evidences provide strong support to the hypothesis that neuroinflammation, including microglia and astrocytes activation, a cascade of inflammatory mediator releasing, and peripheral immune cells infiltration from blood into brain, is associated with epileptogenesis. Meanwhile, an increasing body of preclinical researches reveal that the anti-inflammatory therapeutics targeting crucial inflammatory components are effective and promising in the treatment of epilepsy. The aim of the present study is to highlight the current understanding of the potential neuroinflammatory mechanisms in epileptogenesis and the potential therapeutic targets against epileptic seizures.
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14
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Wu HM, Chiang CY, Chen WY, Chen CJ, Tseng CC, Chang YC, Cheng WM, Kuan YH. Cyclizine-induced proinflammatory responses through Akt-NFκB pathway in macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2819-2825. [PMID: 37551787 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclizine exhibits sedation and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness due to antihistaminic and antimuscarinic effects. Cyclizine has the potential for abuse due to the hallucinogenic and euphoric effect. The response of overdose and illegal abuse of cyclizine includes confusion, tremors, chest pain, ataxia, seizures, and lead to suicide. Macrophage plays the important role in the innate immunity. However, over activation of macrophages results in pro-inflammatory responses in peripheral tissues. In the present study, cyclizine was found to enhanced the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. We further found that secretion of nitrogen oxide (NO) induced by cyclizine via expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS). Cyclizine exhibited parallel stimulation of phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) p65, and its up-stream factor Akt. These results indicated that the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-inflammatory mediators, and adhesion molecules would be induced by cyclizine via activation of Akt-NFκB pathway in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Min Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Tseng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Chi Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Min Cheng
- College of Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Medical Devices R&D Service Development, Metal Industries Research & Development Centre, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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15
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Adhikari Y, Ma CG, Chai Z, Jin X. Preventing development of post-stroke hyperexcitability by optogenetic or pharmacological stimulation of cortical excitatory activity. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 184:106233. [PMID: 37468047 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the most common cause of acquired epilepsy, but treatment for preventing the development of post-stroke epilepsy is still unavailable. Since stroke results in neuronal damage and death as well as initial loss of activity in the affected brain region, homeostatic plasticity may be trigged and contribute to an increase in network hyperexcitability that underlies epileptogenesis. Correspondingly, enhancing brain activity may inhibit hyperexcitability from enhanced homeostatic plasticity and prevent post-stroke epileptogenesis. To test these hypotheses, we first used in vivo two-photon and mesoscopic imaging of activity of cortical pyramidal neurons in Thy1-GCaMP6 transgenic mice to determine longitudinal changes in excitatory activity after a photothrombotic ischemic stroke. At 3-days post-stroke, there was a significant loss of neuronal activity in the peri-injury area as indicated by reductions in the frequency of calcium spikes and percentage of active neurons, which recovered to baseline level at day 7, supporting a homeostatic activity regulation of the surviving neurons in the peri-injury area. We further used optogenetic stimulation to specifically stimulate activity of pyramidal neurons in the peri-injury area of Thy-1 channelrhodopsin transgenic mice from day 5 to day 15 after stroke. Using pentylenetetrazole test to evaluate seizure susceptibility, we showed that stroke mice are more susceptible to Racine stage V seizures (time latency 54.3 ± 12.9 min) compared to sham mice (107.1 ± 13.6 min), but optogenetic stimulation reversed the increase in seizure susceptibility (114.0 ± 9.2 min) in mice with stroke. Similarly, administration of D-cycloserine, a partial N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist that can mildly enhance neuronal activity without causing post-stroke seizure, from day 5 to day 15 after a stroke significantly reversed the increase in seizure susceptibility. The treatment also resulted in an increased survival of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) positive interneurons and a reduced activation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive reactive astrocytes. Thus, this study supports the involvement of homeostatic activity regulation in the development of post-stroke hyperexcitability and potential application of activity enhancement as a novel strategy to prevent post-stroke late-onset seizure and epilepsy through regulating cortical homeostatic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadav Adhikari
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhi Chai
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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16
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Mohan M, Mannan A, Singh TG. Therapeutic implication of Sonic Hedgehog as a potential modulator in ischemic injury. Pharmacol Rep 2023:10.1007/s43440-023-00505-0. [PMID: 37347388 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Sonic Hedgehog (SHh) is a homology protein that is involved in the modeling and development of embryonic tissues. As SHh plays both protective and harmful roles in ischemia, any disruption in the transduction and regulation of the SHh signaling pathway causes ischemia to worsen. The SHh signal activation occurs when SHh binds to the receptor complex of Ptc-mediated Smoothened (Smo) (Ptc-smo), which initiates the downstream signaling cascade. This article will shed light on how pharmacological modifications to the SHh signaling pathway transduction mechanism alter ischemic conditions via canonical and non-canonical pathways by activating certain downstream signaling cascades with respect to protein kinase pathways, angiogenic cytokines, inflammatory mediators, oxidative parameters, and apoptotic pathways. The canonical pathway includes direct activation of interleukins (ILs), angiogenic cytokines like hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-), which modulate ischemia. The non-canonical pathway includes indirect activation of certain pathways like mTOR, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, RhoA/ROCK, Wnt/-catenin, NOTCH, Forkhead box protein (FOXF), Toll-like receptors (TLR), oxidative parameters such as GSH, SOD, and CAT, and some apoptotic parameters such as Bcl2. This review provides comprehensive insights that contribute to our knowledge of how SHh impacts the progression and outcomes of ischemic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh Mohan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
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17
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Sluter MN, Li Q, Yasmen N, Chen Y, Li L, Hou R, Yu Y, Yang CY, Meibohm B, Jiang J. The inducible prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES-1) in neuroinflammatory disorders. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:811-819. [PMID: 37515545 PMCID: PMC10468642 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231179926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase (COX)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling pathway has emerged as a critical target for anti-inflammatory therapeutic development in neurological diseases. However, medical use of COX inhibitors in the treatment of various neurological disorders has been limited due to well-documented cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. It has been widely proposed that modulation of downstream microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) enzyme may provide more specificity for inhibiting PGE2-elicited neuroinflammation. Heightened levels of mPGES-1 have been detected in a variety of brain diseases such as epilepsy, stroke, glioma, and neurodegenerative diseases. Subsequently, elevated levels of PGE2, the enzymatic product of mPGES-1, have been demonstrated to modulate a multitude of deleterious effects. In epilepsy, PGE2 participates in retrograde signaling to augment glutamate release at the synapse leading to neuronal death. The excitotoxic demise of neurons incites the activation of microglia, which can become overactive upon further stimulation by PGE2. A selective mPGES-1 inhibitor was able to reduce gliosis and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus following status epilepticus. A similar mechanism has also been observed in stroke, where the overactivation of microglia by PGE2 upregulated the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. This intense activation of neuroinflammatory processes triggered the secondary injury commonly observed in stroke, and blockade of mPGES-1 reduced infarction size and edema, suppressed induction of proinflammatory cytokines, and improved post-stroke well-being and cognition. Furthermore, elevated levels of PGE2 have been shown to intensify the proliferation of glioma cells, mediate P-glycoprotein expression at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and facilitate breakdown of the BBB. For these reasons, targeting mPGES-1, the central and inducible enzyme of the COX cascade, may provide a more specific therapeutic strategy for treating neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruida Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Chao-Yie Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Bernd Meibohm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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18
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Sluter M, Bhuniya R, Yuan X, Ramaraju A, Chen Y, Yu Y, Parmar KR, Temrikar ZH, Srivastava A, Meibohm B, Jiang J, Yang CY. Novel, Brain-Permeable, Cross-Species Benzothiazole Inhibitors of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 (mPGES-1) Dampen Neuroinflammation In Vitro and In Vivo. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:587-599. [PMID: 37082746 PMCID: PMC10111624 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is an inducible enzyme of the cyclooxygenase (COX) cascade that generates prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) during inflammatory conditions. PGE2 is known to be a potent immune signaling molecule that mediates both peripheral and central inflammations. Inhibition of mPGES-1, rather than COX, may overcome the cardiovascular side effects associated with long-term COX inhibition by providing a more specific strategy to target inflammation. However, mPGES-1 inhibitor development is hampered by the large differences in cross-species activity due to the structural differences between the human and murine mPGES-1. Here, we report that our thiazole-based mPGES-1 inhibitors, compounds 11 (UT-11) and 19 derived from two novel scaffolds, were able to suppress PGE2 production in human (SK-N-AS) and murine (BV2) cells. The IC50 values of inhibiting PGE2 production in human and murine cells were 0.10 and 2.00 μM for UT-11 and 0.43 and 1.55 μM for compound 19, respectively. Based on in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic data, we selected UT-11 for evaluation in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model. We found that our compound significantly suppressed proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the hippocampus but not in the kidney. Taken together, we demonstrated the potential of UT-11 in treating neuroinflammatory conditions, including epilepsy and stroke, and warrant further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison
N. Sluter
- Departments
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- College
of Graduate Health Sciences, University
of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Rajib Bhuniya
- Departments
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Xinrui Yuan
- Departments
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Andhavaram Ramaraju
- Departments
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Departments
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Ying Yu
- Departments
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Keyur R. Parmar
- Departments
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Zaid H. Temrikar
- Departments
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- Departments
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Bernd Meibohm
- Departments
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Departments
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Chao-Yie Yang
- Departments
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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19
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Jiang J, Yu Y. Pharmacologically targeting transient receptor potential channels for seizures and epilepsy: Emerging preclinical evidence of druggability. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108384. [PMID: 36933703 PMCID: PMC10124570 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most prevalent and disabling brain disorders, epilepsy is characterized by spontaneous seizures that result from aberrant, excessive hyperactivity of a group of highly synchronized brain neurons. Remarkable progress in epilepsy research and treatment over the first two decades of this century led to a dramatical expansion in the third-generation antiseizure drugs (ASDs). However, there are still over 30% of patients suffering from seizures resistant to the current medications, and the broad unbearable adversative effects of ASDs significantly impair the quality of life in about 40% of individuals affected by the disease. Prevention of epilepsy in those who are at high risks is another major unmet medical need, given that up to 40% of epilepsy patients are believed to have acquired causes. Therefore, it is important to identify novel drug targets that can facilitate the discovery and development of new therapies engaging unprecedented mechanisms of action that might overcome these significant limitations. Also over the last two decades, calcium signaling has been increasingly recognized as a key contributory factor in epileptogenesis of many aspects. The intracellular calcium homeostasis involves a variety of calcium-permeable cation channels, the most important of which perhaps are the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. This review focuses on recent exciting advances in understanding of TRP channels in preclinical models of seizure disorders. We also provide emerging insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of TRP channels-engaged epileptogenesis that might lead to new antiseizure therapies, epilepsy prevention and modification, and even a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
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20
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Cumbres-Vargas IM, Zamudio SR, Pichardo-Macías LA, Ramírez-San Juan E. Thalidomide Attenuates Epileptogenesis and Seizures by Decreasing Brain Inflammation in Lithium Pilocarpine Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076488. [PMID: 37047461 PMCID: PMC10094940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalidomide (TAL) has shown potential therapeutic effects in neurological diseases like epilepsy. Both clinical and preclinical studies show that TAL may act as an antiepileptic drug and as a possible treatment against disease development. However, the evidence for these effects is limited. Therefore, the antiepileptogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of TAL were evaluated herein. Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly allocated to one of five groups (n = 18 per group): control (C); status epilepticus (SE); SE-TAL (25 mg/kg); SE-TAL (50 mg/kg); and SE-topiramate (TOP; 60mg/kg). The lithium-pilocarpine model was used, and one day after SE induction the rats received pharmacological treatment for one week. The brain was obtained, and the hippocampus was micro-dissected 8, 18, and 28 days after SE. TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β concentrations were quantified. TOP and TAL (50 mg/kg) increased the latency to the first of many spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) and decreased SRS frequency, as well as decreasing TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations in the hippocampus. In conclusion, the results showed that both TAL (50 mg/kg) and TOP have anti-ictogenic and antiepileptogenic effects, possibly by decreasing neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irán M Cumbres-Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Sergio R Zamudio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Luz A Pichardo-Macías
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Ramírez-San Juan
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
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