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Zemanova P, Vocka M, Vanickova Z, Liska F, Krizova L, Kalab J, Votruba J. Does Extraesophageal Reflux Support the Development of Lung Adenocarcinoma? Analysis of Pepsin in Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Non-Smoker Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2687. [PMID: 39123415 PMCID: PMC11312250 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The significance of extraesophageal reflux as a risk factor in lung adenocarcinoma has been understudied. In this study, we investigated whether extraesophageal reflux leads to higher pepsin concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients with lung adenocarcinoma compared to controls. Subjects were recruited from non-smoker patients (lifelong non-smokers and ex-smokers with more than 5 years of non-smoking history) who had undergone bronchoscopy due to pulmonary abnormalities on a CT scan and met the inclusion criteria. Based on histological verification of the lung process, the patients were divided into three groups: (1) lung adenocarcinoma, (2) pulmonary metastases, and (3) lung sarcoidosis. Lung adenocarcinoma cases were further categorized as central or peripheral. BAL samples collected during bronchoscopy were quantitatively analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure pepsin levels. No statistically significant difference in pepsin concentration was observed between the lung adenocarcinoma group and control groups (p = 0.135). After excluding hemorrhagic BAL samples, the pepsin concentration was significantly the lowest in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (p = 0.023) compared to the control groups. The results of the study do not support the hypothesis of a higher occurrence of extraesophageal reflux (evaluated as the amount of pepsin in BAL) in non-smoker patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zemanova
- First Clinic of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (J.V.)
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, Prague 2, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Michal Vocka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, Prague 2, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Zdislava Vanickova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Frantisek Liska
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Purkyne Institute, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 4, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ludmila Krizova
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, Prague 2, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Josef Kalab
- First Clinic of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (J.V.)
| | - Jiri Votruba
- First Clinic of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (J.V.)
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Ding H, Liu Y, Lu X, Liu A, Xu Q, Yuan Y. Pepsinogen C Interacts with IQGAP1 to Inhibit the Metastasis of Gastric Cancer Cells by Suppressing Rho-GTPase Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1796. [PMID: 38791874 PMCID: PMC11120368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study systematically explored the biological effects and mechanisms of PGC on gastric cancer (GC) cells in vitro and in vivo. METHOD The critical biological roles of PGC in GC were assessed via EdU staining, Hoechst staining, flow cytometry, mouse models, CCK-8, wound healing, transwell, and sphere-forming assays. The interaction study with IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) was used by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, CHX-chase assay, MG132 assay, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS PGC inhibited the proliferation, viability, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, and stemness of GC cells and promoted GC cell differentiation. PGC suppressed subcutaneous tumor growth and peritoneal dissemination in vivo. The interaction study found PGC inhibits GC cell migration and invasion by downregulating IQGAP1 protein and IQGAP1-mediated Rho-GTPase signaling suppression. In addition, PGC disrupts the stability of the IQGAP1 protein, promoting its degradation and significantly shortening its half-life. Moreover, the expression levels of PGC and IQGAP1 in GC tissues were significantly negatively correlated. CONCLUSION PGC may act as a tumor suppressor in the development and metastasis of GC. PGC can downregulate its interacting protein IQGAP1 and inhibit the Rho-GTPase pathway, thereby participating in the inhibition of GC cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Ding
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; (H.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; (H.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xiaodong Lu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; (H.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Aoran Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; (H.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; (H.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; (H.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Zhang S, Ma J, He L, Li Q, He P, Li J, Zhang H. Generation and characterization of nanobodies targeting human pepsinogens. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 216:106431. [PMID: 38184161 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Human pepsinogens (mainly pepsinogen I and pepsinogen II) are the major inactive precursor forms of the digestive enzyme pepsin which play a crucial role in protein digestion. The levels and ratios of human pepsinogens have demonstrated potential as diagnostic biomarkers for gastrointestinal diseases, particularly gastric cancer. Nanobodies are promising tools for the treatment and diagnosis of diseases, owing to their unique recognition properties. In this study, recombinant human pepsinogens proteins were expressed and purified as immunized antigens. We constructed a VHH phage library and identified several nanobodies via phage display bio-panning. We determined the binding potency and cross-reactivity of these nanobodies. Our study provides technical support for developing immunodiagnostic reagents targeting human pepsinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Zhang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), 510005, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jieyao Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, 418000, Huaihua, China
| | - Liu He
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), 510005, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianying Li
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), 510005, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan He
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), 510005, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), 510005, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huicong Zhang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), 510005, Guangzhou, China
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Abdou AM, Awad DAB. Lysozyme Peptides as a Novel Nutra-Preservative to Control Some Food Poisoning and Food Spoilage Microorganisms. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10226-2. [PMID: 38376818 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses and microbial food contamination are crucial concerns and still issues of great worldwide concern. Additionally, the serious health hazards associated with the use of chemical preservatives in food technology. Lysozyme (Lz) is an active protein against Gram-positive bacterial cell wall through its muramidase lytic activity; however, several authors could identify some antimicrobial peptides derived from Lz that have an exaggerated and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Therefore, a lysozyme peptides preparation (LzP) is developed to broaden the Lz spectrum. In this work, we investigated the potential efficacy of LzP as a novel Nutra-preservative (food origin) agent against some pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Our results showed that LzP demonstrated only 11% of the lysozyme lytic activity. However, LzP exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Pseudomonas species, while Salmonella typhi and Aeromonas hydrophila exhibited slight resistance. Despite the lowest LzP concentration (0.1%) employed, it performs stronger antibacterial activity than weak organic acids (0.3%). Interestingly, the synergistic multi-component formulation (LzP, glycine, and citric acid) could inhibit 6 log10 cfu/ml of E. coli survival growth. The effect of heat treatment on LzP showed a decrease in its antibacterial activity at 5 and 67% by boiling at 100 °C/30 min, and autoclaving at 121 °C/15 min; respectively. On the other hand, LzP acquired stable antibacterial activity at different pH values (4-7). In conclusion, LzP would be an innovative, natural, and food origin preservative to control the growth of food poisoning and spoilage bacteria in food instead chemical one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham M Abdou
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736, Kaliobeya, Egypt.
| | - Dina A B Awad
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736, Kaliobeya, Egypt
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Qin Y, Geng JX, Huang B. Clinical value of serum pepsinogen in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric diseases. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1174-1181. [PMID: 37546552 PMCID: PMC10401465 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i7.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepsinogen, secreted from the gastric mucosa, is the precursor of pepsin. It is categorized as pepsinogen 1 and pepsinogen 2 based on its immunogenicity. The pepsinogen content that can enter the blood circulation through the capillaries of the gastric mucosa is approximately 1% and remains stable all the time. The pepsinogen content in serum will change with the pathological changes of gastric mucosa. Therefore, the level of pepsinogen in serum can play a role in serologic biopsy to reflect the function and morphology of different regions of gastric mucosa and serve as an indicator of gastric disease. This study conducts relevant research on serum pepsinogen 1, pepsinogen 2, and the ratio of pepsinogen 1 to pepsinogen 2, and reviews their important value in clinical diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric ulcer, and even gastric carcinoma, providing ideas for other researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Xin Geng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
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Wang X, Zhang L, Yang X, Zhang Q. 3-Hydroxyflavone - bovine serum albumin complex used as fluorescent probe for the detection of pepsin. Anal Biochem 2023; 662:115003. [PMID: 36476742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a method for the determination of pepsin using a 3-hydroxyflavone (3-HF)-bovine serum albumin (BSA) complex as a fluorescent probe was established. Under acidic conditions, 3-HF can react with BSA to emit strong green fluorescence, which involves an excited state intramolecular proton transfer and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. After pepsin is added, the fluorescence of the 3-HF-BSA system is quenched due to the hydrolysis of BSA. The degree of 3-HF-BSA fluorescence quenching has a good linear relationship with the concentration of pepsin in the range of 10-80 μg/mL. The correlation coefficient was R2 = 0.9932 and the detection limit was 2.41 μg/mL. This method has high selectivity and good stability and has been used to determine pepsin in real samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qianjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Sánchez-López JY, Vázquez-Ibarra KC, García-Muro AM, García-Ruvalcaba A, Pacheco-Sotelo S, Díaz-Herrera LC, Marin-Contreras ME. Medium and large alleles of the PGC gene are risk factors for gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2023; 45:15-21. [PMID: 37038800 DOI: 10.3233/tub-220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 100-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the pepsinogen C gene has been associated with the risk of gastric cancer (GC). OBJECTIVE We analyzed the relationships of the 100-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism with GC, atrophic gastritis (AG), and intestinal metaplasia (IM) in the Mexican general population (MGP). METHODS We studied the genomic DNA of subjects with GC n = 80, AG and IM n = 60, controls n = 110, and the MGP n = 97. PGC gene insertion/deletion polymorphism was identified by means of PCR, capillary electrophoresis and GeneScan software. RESULTS Different allele sizes of PGC polymorphism were observed in the studied groups, from 266 bp to 499 bp, which were grouped for the analysis as short alleles of 266-399 bp, medium alleles of 400-433 bp and large alleles of 434-499 bp. Carriers of one or two medium alleles, had an increased risk of GC, with OR of 1.99 (CI95% 1.08-3.67 p = 0.026) compared to homozygotes (no medium/no medium). CONCLUSIONS Previous studies have related PGC short alleles to risk for or protection against GC depending on the ethnic origin of the population. In our study, medium alleles were related to risk for GC. Further studies are required to establish the importance of this polymorphism in the origin of gastric neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Yoaly Sánchez-López
- Division of Genetics, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Katia Carolina Vázquez-Ibarra
- Division of Genetics, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Doctoral Program in Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Andrea Marlene García-Muro
- Division of Genetics, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Doctoral Program in Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Azaria García-Ruvalcaba
- Division of Genetics, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Doctoral Program in Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sergio Pacheco-Sotelo
- Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center of the West, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis Carlos Díaz-Herrera
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Medical Center of the West, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marıa Eugenia Marin-Contreras
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Medical Center of the West, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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The gastric proton pump in gobiid and mudskipper fishes. Evidence of stomach loss? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 274:111300. [PMID: 36031062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stomach loss has occurred independently multiple times during gnathostome evolution with notable frequency within the Teleostei. Significantly, this loss of acid-peptic digestion has been found to correlate with the secondary genomic loss of the gastric proton pump subunits (atp4a, atp4b) and pepsinogens/pepsins (pga, pgc). Gastric glands produce gastric juice containing the acid and pepsin and thus their presence is a hallmark feature of a digestive system capable of acid-peptic digestion. However, in gobiid fishes although oesogaster and gastric glands have been identified histologically, their functional significance has been questioned. In the present study we address whether the gastric proton pump is present and expressed in gastric glands of the goby Neogobius species (Gobiidae) and in members of the family Oxudercidae, a group of amphibious gobiid fishes commonly known as mudskippers (genera: Periophthalmus, Boleophthalmus, Periophthalmodon and Scartelaos). We confirmed the presence of gastric glands and have immunohistochemically localized gastric proton pump expression to these glands in Neogobius fluviatilis and Periophthalmus novemradiatus, Periophthalmus barbarus and Boleophthalmus boddarti. Genome analysis in Neogobius melanostomus, Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus, Scartelaos histophorus, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, and Periophthalmodon schlosseri revealed the presence of both atp4a and atp4b subunit orthologues in all species in a conserved genomic loci organization. Moreover, it was possible to deduce that the complete open reading frame and the key functional amino acid residues are present. The conserved expression of the gastric proton pump provides clear evidence of the potential for gastric acid secretion indicating that acid digestion is retained in these gobiid fishes and not lost.
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Gomez AVA, Bustillo S, Nerli BB. Recovery of acid proteases from fishery discards with aqueous micellar two-phase systems and their use for X-ray film recycling. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Moffatt K, Rossi M, Park E, Svendsen JC, Wilson JM. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion with omeprazole affects fish specific dynamic action and growth rate: Implications for the development of phenotypic stomach loss. Front Physiol 2022; 13:966447. [PMID: 36237533 PMCID: PMC9552000 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.966447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An acid-secreting stomach provides many selective advantages to fish and other vertebrates; however, phenotypic stomach loss has occurred independently multiple times and is linked to loss of expression of both the gastric proton pump and the protease pepsin. Reasons underpinning stomach loss remain uncertain. Understanding the importance of gastric acid-secretion to the metabolic costs of digestion and growth will provide information about the metabolic expense of acid-production and performance. In this study, omeprazole, a well characterized gastric proton pump inhibitor, was used to simulate the agastric phenotype by significantly inhibiting gastric acidification in Nile tilapia. The effects on post-prandial metabolic rate and growth were assessed using intermittent flow respirometry and growth trials, respectively. Omeprazole reduced the duration (34.4%) and magnitude (34.5%) of the specific dynamic action and specific growth rate (21.3%) suggesting a decrease in digestion and assimilation of the meal. Gastric pH was measured in control and omeprazole treated fish to confirm that gastric acid secretion was inhibited for up to 12 h post-treatment (p < 0.05). Gastric evacuation measurements confirm a more rapid emptying of the stomach in omeprazole treated fish. These findings reinforce the importance of stomach acidification in digestion and growth and present a novel way of determining costs of gastric digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Rossi
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Edward Park
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Jon Christian Svendsen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonathan M. Wilson
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
- CIIMAR University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Jonathan M. Wilson,
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Patil U, Nikoo M, Zhang B, Benjakul S. Freeze-Dried Tuna Pepsin Powder Stabilized by Some Cryoprotectants: In Vitro Simulated Gastric Digestion toward Different Proteins and Its Storage Stability. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152292. [PMID: 35954059 PMCID: PMC9368244 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of maltodextrin (10%) in combination with trehalose or glycerol at different levels (2.5% and 5%) and their mixture on the stability of freeze-dried pepsin from skipjack tuna stomach was studied. Addition of 5% trehalose and 10% maltodextrin yielded the powder (TPP-T5) with highest relative pepsin activity (p < 0.05). TPP-T5 had different shapes and sizes, with mean particle size of 65.42 ± 57.60 μm, poly-dispersity index of 0.474, and zeta potential of −19.95. It had bulk density of 0.53 kg m−3 and possessed fair flowability. The wetting time for TPP-T5 was 16.36 ± 0.73 min, and solubility was 93.58%. TPP-T5 stored at room temperature under different relative humidities could maintain proteolytic activity up to 4 weeks. Commercial porcine pepsin (CP) and crude tuna pepsinogen had molecular weights of 35.2 and 43.3 kDa, respectively, when analyzed using gel filtration (Sephadex G-50) and SDS-PAGE. Tuna pepsin had comparable hydrolysis toward threadfin bream muscle protein, whey protein isolate, and kidney bean protein isolate to commercial pepsin, especially at a higher level (15 units/g protein). Digested proteins contained peptides with varying molecular weights as determined by MALDI-TOF. Therefore, pepsin from skipjack tuna stomach could replace commercial porcine pepsin and was beneficial supplement for patients with maldigestion, particularly the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Patil
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand;
| | - Mehdi Nikoo
- Department of Pathobiology and Quality Control, Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia 57179-44514, West Azerbaijan, Iran;
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China;
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-7428-6334
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Chen K, Xu F, Hu Y, Yan H, Pan L. DNA Kirigami Driven by Polymerase-Triggered Strand Displacement. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201478. [PMID: 35561059 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The precursors of functional biomolecules in living cells are synthesized in a bottom-up manner and subsequently activated by modification into a delicate structure with near-atomic precision. DNA origami technology provides a promising way to mimic the synthesis of precursors, although mimicking the modification process is a challenge. Herein, a DNA paper-cutting (DNA kirigami) method to trim origami into designer nanostructures is proposed, where the modification is implemented by a polymerase-triggered DNA strand displacement reaction. Six geometric shapes are created by cutting rectangular DNA origami. Gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy results demonstrate the feasibility and capability of the DNA paper-cutting method. The proposed DNA paper-cutting strategy can enrich the toolbox for dynamically transforming DNA origami and has potential applications in biomimetics. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiting Chen
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yingxin Hu
- College of Information Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Linqiang Pan
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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13
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Li X, Guo W, Xu R, Song Z, Ni T. The interaction mechanism between gold nanoparticles and proteins: Lysozyme, trypsin, pepsin, γ-globulin, and hemoglobin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 272:120983. [PMID: 35149482 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the interaction between gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and proteins (including lysozyme, trypsin, pepsin, γ-globulin and hemoglobin) was investigated by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and protein activity assay. AuNPs was synthesized using reduction of HAuCl4 with sodium citrate. The formation of AuNPs was confirmed from the characteristic surface plasmon resonance band at 521 nm and transmission electron microscopy revealed the average particle size was about 10 nm. The results reveal that AuNPs can interact with proteins to form a "protein corona (PC)", but the protein concentration required to form a relatively stable PC is not the same. The quenching mechanism of proteins by AuNPs is arisen from static quenching. The binding constants of AuNPs with proteins are in the range from 106 to 1010 L mol-1, and the order is pepsin > γ-globulin > hemoglobin > trypsin > lysozyme at 298 K. Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds are the main forces for the lysozyme-AuNPs system. The interaction between trypsin/pepsin/γ-globulin/hemoglobin and AuNPs is mainly by hydrophobic interaction. The addition of AuNPs has an effect on the secondary structure of proteins as confirmed from CD spectra. The change in secondary structure of different proteins is different and seems to have little relation with the binding constant. The activity of lysozyme/trypsin/pepsin decreases with the addition of AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Li
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Zhizhi Song
- Grade 2020, Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Tianjun Ni
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
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14
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Di Mario F, Crafa P, Barchi A, Franzoni L, Franceschi M, Russo M, Bricca L, Brozzi L, Rodriguez Castro K, Rugge M. Pepsinogen II in gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12872. [PMID: 34997989 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In the gastric mucosa, pepsinogen II (PgII) is produced/secreted by glands in the mucus-secreting antral and cardia compartments, but also by the chief cells and the oxyntic glands. Increasing PgII serum levels are associated with the whole spectrum of gastric inflammatory diseases, including gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This review critically addresses the clinical value of PgII serology for assessing gastric mucosal inflammation, and as a marker of H. pylori status, in both H. pylori-positive patients and after eradication therapy. RESULTS A search in PubMed/Scopus records yielded 39 out of 1190 published scientific studies meeting the selection criteria for this study. In the studies considered, PgII levels were significantly associated with non-atrophic gastric inflammatory lesions (p-values: 0.025-0.0001). H. pylori-positive patients had significantly higher PgII levels than H. pylori-negative individuals (p-values: 0.o5-0.0001). While a significant drop in serum PgII levels is consistently reported in H. pylori-eradicated patients (p-values: from 0.05 to 0.0001), inconsistencies in the related negative and positive predictive values significantly lower the clinical reliability of PgII testing by comparison with other available non-invasive tests. CONCLUSIONS PgII serology may provide clinically useful information on gastric inflammatory diseases, particularly if they are non-atrophic. PgII serology is inconsistent, however, for the purposes of distinguishing patients whose H. pylori eradication therapy is successful from those who remain infected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pellegrino Crafa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Barchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lorella Franzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marilisa Franceschi
- Endoscopy Unit, Department of Medicine, ULSS7 Pedemontana, Hospital AltoVicentino, Santorso, Italy
| | - Michele Russo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ludovica Bricca
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brozzi
- Endoscopy Unit, Department of Medicine, ULSS7 Pedemontana, Hospital AltoVicentino, Santorso, Italy
| | - Kryssia Rodriguez Castro
- Endoscopy Unit, Department of Medicine, ULSS7 Pedemontana, Hospital AltoVicentino, Santorso, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Registro Tumori del Veneto (RTV), Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy
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15
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Liu XY, Zheng LF, Fan YY, Shen QY, Qi Y, Li GW, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Feng XY, Zhu JX. Activation of dopamine D 2 receptor promotes pepsinogen secretion by suppressing somatostatin release from the mouse gastric mucosa. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C327-C337. [PMID: 34986020 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00385.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vivo administration of dopamine (DA) receptor (DR)-related drugs modulate gastric pepsinogen secretion. However, DRs on gastric pepsinogen-secreting chief cells and DA D2 receptor (D2R) on somatostatin-secreting D cells were subsequently acquired. In this study, we aimed to further investigate the local effect of DA on gastric pepsinogen secretion through DRs expressed on chief cells or potential D2Rs expressed on D cells. To elucidate the modulation of DRs in gastric pepsinogen secretion, immunofluorescence staining, ex vivo incubation of gastric mucosa isolated from normal and D2R-/- mice were conducted, accompanied by measurements of pepsinogen or somatostatin levels using biochemical assays or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. D1R, D2R, and D5R-immunoreactivity (IR) were observed on chief cells in mouse gastric mucosa. D2R-IR was widely distributed on D cells from the corpus to the antrum. Ex vivo incubation results showed that DA and the D1-like receptor agonist SKF38393 increased pepsinogen secretion, which was blocked by the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH23390. However, D2-like receptor agonist quinpirole also significantly increased pepsinogen secretion, and D2-like receptor antagonist sulpiride blocked the promotion of DA. Besides, D2-like receptors exerted an inhibitory effect on somatostatin secretion, in contrast to their effect on pepsinogen secretion. Furthermore, D2R-/- mice showed much lower basal pepsinogen secretion but significantly increased somatostatin release and an increased number of D cells in gastric mucosa. Only SKF38393, not quinpirole, increased pepsinogen secretion in D2R-/- mice. DA promotes gastric pepsinogen secretion directly through D1-like receptors on chief cells and indirectly through D2R-mediated suppression of somatostatin release.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chief Cells, Gastric/drug effects
- Chief Cells, Gastric/metabolism
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Pepsinogen A/metabolism
- Quinpirole/pharmacology
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Secretory Pathway
- Somatostatin/metabolism
- Somatostatin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Somatostatin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Fei Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Ying Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Wen Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xia Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Ferreira P, Kwan GT, Haldorson S, Rummer JL, Tashiro F, Castro LFC, Tresguerres M, Wilson JM. A multi-tasking stomach: functional coexistence of acid-peptic digestion and defensive body inflation in three distantly related vertebrate lineages. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20210583. [PMID: 35104429 PMCID: PMC8807057 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Puffer and porcupine fishes (families Diodontidae and Tetraodontidae, order Tetradontiformes) are known for their extraordinary ability to triple their body size by swallowing and retaining large amounts of seawater in their accommodating stomachs. This inflation mechanism provides a defence to predation; however, it is associated with the secondary loss of the stomach's digestive function. Ingestion of alkaline seawater during inflation would make acidification inefficient (a potential driver for the loss of gastric digestion), paralleled by the loss of acid-peptic genes. We tested the hypothesis of stomach inflation as a driver for the convergent evolution of stomach loss by investigating the gastric phenotype and genotype of four distantly related stomach inflating gnathostomes: sargassum fish, swellshark, bearded goby and the pygmy leatherjacket. Strikingly, unlike in the puffer/porcupine fishes, we found no evidence for the loss of stomach function in sargassum fish, swellshark and bearded goby. Only the pygmy leatherjacket (Monochanthidae, Tetraodontiformes) lacked the gastric phenotype and genotype. In conclusion, ingestion of seawater for inflation, associated with loss of gastric acid secretion, is restricted to the Tetraodontiformes and is not a selective pressure for gastric loss in other reported gastric inflating fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Ferreira
- Department of Biology and Laurier Institute for Water Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada,Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal,Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - G. T. Kwan
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - S. Haldorson
- Department of Biology and Laurier Institute for Water Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - J. L. Rummer
- College of Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - F. Tashiro
- Fisheries Science Centre, The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - L. F. C. Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal,Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Tresguerres
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - J. M. Wilson
- Department of Biology and Laurier Institute for Water Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada,Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal,Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Kalyan G, Junghare V, Khan MF, Pal S, Bhattacharya S, Guha S, Majumder K, Chakrabarty S, Hazra S. Anti-hypertensive Peptide Predictor: A Machine Learning-Empowered Web Server for Prediction of Food-Derived Peptides with Potential Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-I Inhibitory Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14995-15004. [PMID: 34855377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme-I (ACE-I) is a key therapeutic target of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the central pathway of blood pressure regulation. Food-derived peptides with ACE-I inhibitory activities are receiving significant research attention. However, identification of ACE-I inhibitory peptides from different food proteins is a labor-intensive, lengthy, and expensive process. For successful identification of potential ACE-I inhibitory peptides from food sources, a machine learning and structural bioinformatics-based web server has been developed and reported in this study. The web server can take input in the FASTA format or through UniProt ID to perform the in silico gastrointestinal digestion and then screen the resulting peptides for ACE-I inhibitory activity. This unique platform provides elaborated structural and functional features of the active peptides and their interaction with ACE-I. Thus, it can potentially enhance the efficacy and reduce the time and cost in identifying and characterizing novel ACE-I inhibitory peptides from food proteins. URL: http://hazralab.iitr.ac.in/ahpp/index.php.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazal Kalyan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Vivek Junghare
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Mohammad Farhan Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Shivam Pal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Sourya Bhattacharya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Snigdha Guha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Sohom Chakrabarty
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Saugata Hazra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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18
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Tong Y, Wang H, Zhao Y, He X, Xu H, Li H, Shuai P, Gong L, Wu H, Xu H, Luo Y, Wang D, Liu S, Song Z. Diagnostic Value of Serum Pepsinogen Levels for Screening Gastric Cancer and Atrophic Gastritis in Asymptomatic Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:652574. [PMID: 34504781 PMCID: PMC8421685 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.652574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pepsinogens (PGs) can be used for gastric cancer (GC) screening, but the cutoff levels vary among studies, and PG levels are influenced by numerous factors. The aim of this article is to examine the diagnostic value of PG levels and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) status for GC and atrophic gastritis screening in asymptomatic individuals undergoing health checkup in China. Patients and Methods This was a multicenter cross-sectional study of subjects who underwent health checkup from 10/2016 to 10/2018 at nine International Healthcare Centers in China. All participants underwent gastroscopy and pathological examination, serum PG, 13C-urea breath test, and/or Hp serological current infection marker rapid test, all on the same day. PG-related parameters were analyzed in different Hp subgroups and regions. Results The patients were grouped as non-atrophic (NAG, n = 1,590), mild to moderate atrophic (MAG, n = 273), severe atrophic (SAG, n = 49), and GC (n = 10). The serum PG levels in these groups decreased with increasing pathological severity. In the same pathological groups, PGI and PGII levels were higher in the Hp-positive subgroup, while PGR (PGI/PGII ratio) was lower (P < 0.05). The best cutoff values for atrophy diagnosis were PGI ≤73.1 ng/ml and PGR ≤9.8, for severe atrophy were PGI ≤63.9 ng/ml and PGR ≤9.09, and for GC was PGR ≤4.7 (all P < 0.05 and area under the curve >0.7). The cutoff points varied with Hp status and China regions. Conclusion Serum PG levels might be used for the screening of gastric atrophic gastritis lesions. The results suggest that different cutoff values should possibly be used in different Hp status groups and geographical regions, but it will have to be validated in future studies. Future studies should also examine the value of PG levels for GC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Tong
- Department of General Practice/Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongguang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jilin City People's Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of General Practice/Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueqiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, No. 924 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army of China, Guilin, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Health Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Shuai
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lirong Gong
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital Affiliated to AMU (Southwest Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Hongzhi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yinhu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jingzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jilin City People's Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenya Song
- Department of General Practice/Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Li X, Liu H, Wu X, Xu R, Ma X, Zhang C, Song Z, Peng Y, Ni T, Xu Y. Exploring the interactions of naringenin and naringin with trypsin and pepsin: Experimental and computational modeling approaches. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 258:119859. [PMID: 33957444 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Naringenin and naringin are two natural compounds with important health benefits, whether as food or drug. It is necessary to study the interactions between naringenin/naringin and digestive proteases, such as trypsin and pepsin. In this study, the bindings of naringenin and naringin to trypsin and pepsin were investigated using multi-spectroscopy analysis and computational modeling approaches. Fluorescence experiments indicate that both naringenin and naringin can quench the intrinsic fluorescence of trypsin/pepsin via static quenching mechanism. Naringin binds trypsin/pepsin in a more firmly way than naringenin. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that the interactions of naringenin/naringin and trypsin/pepsin are synergistically driven by enthalpy and entropy, and the major driving forces are hydrophobic, electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy and FT-IR show that naringenin/naringin may induce microenvironmental and conformational changes of trypsin and pepsin. Molecular docking reveals that naringenin binds in the close vicinity of the active site (Ser-195) of trypsin and Asp-32 (the catalytic activity of pepsin) appears in naringin-pepsin system. The direct interactions between naringenin or naringin and catalytic amino acid residues will inhibit the catalytic activity of trypsin and pepsin, respectively. The results of molecular dynamic simulation validate the reliability of the docking results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Li
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Xinzhe Wu
- Grade 2020, Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Ma
- Grade 2018, Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Congxiao Zhang
- Grade 2018, Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Zhizhi Song
- Grade 2020, Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Yanru Peng
- Grade 2017, Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Tianjun Ni
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Yongtao Xu
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China.
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20
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Yu H, Liu Y, Jiang S, Zhou Y, Guan Z, Dong S, Chu FF, Kang C, Gao Q. Serum pepsinogen II levels are doubled with Helicobacter pylori infection in an asymptomatic population of 40,383 Chinese subjects. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26562. [PMID: 34232200 PMCID: PMC8270603 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepsinogen (PG) I and II are crucial in the gastric digestive processes. This study is to examine the relationship of serum PGI, PGII, and PGI/PGII ratio with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) in subjects in Beijing, China.A total of 40,383 asymptomatic subjects, who underwent medical examination in Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, were included in this study. Serum PG levels were measured using chemoluminescence techniques. The age, sex, and BMI data were collected, and Hp infection was identified with 13C-urea breath test. Statistical analysis was conducted with Python, Pandas and Seaborn software.Asymptomatic subjects with Hp infection (Hp+) had a significantly higher level of PGI in the serum (111 ng/mL [median]) than those without Hp infection (Hp-) (94 ng/mL, P < .001). The asymptomatic Hp+ subjects had 2-fold higher PGII levels (7.2 ng/mL) than Hp- subjects (3.2 ng/mL, P < .001). These changes produced significantly lower PGI/II ratio in Hp+ patients than in Hp- subjects (16:30, P < .001). The serum PGI and PGII levels were higher in males than in females (PGI: 104 ng/mL vs 95 ng/mL, PGII: 4.3 ng/mL vs 3.7 ng/mL, both P < .001), PGI/II ratio of males is at 95% of that in females (P < .001). PGI and PGII levels gradually increased in older people (P < .001), whereas the PGI/II ratio decreased significantly with age (P < .001). The levels of the two serum PGs were decreased and the ratio increased when BMI were higher than 28 kg/cm2 (P < .05).The levels of serum PGI, especial PGII, were increased by Hp infection, and also influenced by age, sex, and BMI. Therefore, these influencing factors should be considered during clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Center of Health Management, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Center of Health Management, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Guan
- Beijing Deep Intelligent Pharma Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Dong
- Beijing Deep Intelligent Pharma Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Fong-Fong Chu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Chunbo Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Flynn J, Ryan A, Hudson SP. Pre-formulation and delivery strategies for the development of bacteriocins as next generation antibiotics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:149-163. [PMID: 34020021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins, a class of antimicrobial peptide produced by bacteria, may offer a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics, an important step towards mitigating the ever-increasing antimicrobial resistance crisis. They are active against a range of clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteriocins have been discussed in the literature for over a century. Although they are used as preservatives in food, no medicine based on their antimicrobial activity exists on the market today. In order to formulate them into clinical antibiotics, pre-formulation studies on their biophysical and physicochemical properties that will influence their activity in vivo and their stability during manufacture must be elucidated. Thermal, pH and enzymatic stability of bacteriocins are commonly studied and regularly reported in the literature. Solubility, permeability and aggregation properties on the other hand are less frequently reported for many bacteriocins, which may contribute to their poor clinical progression. Promising cytotoxicity studies report that bacteriocins exhibit few cytotoxic effects on a variety of mammalian cell lines, at active concentrations. This review highlights the lack of quantitative data and in many cases even qualitative data, on bacteriocins' solubility, stability, aggregation, permeability and cytotoxicity. The formulation strategies that have been explored to date, proposed routes of administration, trends in in vitro/in vivo behaviour and efforts in clinical development are discussed. The future promise of bacteriocins as a new generation of antibiotics may require tailored local delivery strategies to fulfil their potential as a force to combat antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Flynn
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aoibhín Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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22
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Fu Z, Akula S, Thorpe M, Hellman L. Marked difference in efficiency of the digestive enzymes pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatic elastase to cleave tightly folded proteins. Biol Chem 2021; 402:861-867. [PMID: 33977684 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In order for the intestinal mucosa to absorb dietary proteins they have to be digested into single amino acids or very short peptides of a length of not more than four amino acids. In order to study the efficiency of the digestive endopeptidases to digest folded proteins we have analyzed several target proteins under different conditions, native proteins, heat denatured and acid treated. The three pancreatic serine proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatic elastase, were found to be remarkable inefficient in cleaving native folded proteins whereas pepsin, which acts at a very low pH (pH 1.2) was much more efficient, possibly due to the denaturing conditions and thereby better accessibility to internal cleavage sites at the low pH. Heat treatment improved the cleavage considerably by all three pancreatic enzymes, but acid treatment followed by return to neutral pH did not have any major effect. Cleavage at the low pH when the protein is in a denatured state, is apparently very efficient. This indicates that pepsin is the prime enzyme cleaving the properly folded native proteins and that the pancreatic enzymes primarily are involved in generating single amino acids or very short peptides for efficient uptake by the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Fu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, S-751 24Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Srinivas Akula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, S-751 24Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Thorpe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, S-751 24Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Hellman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, S-751 24Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Gómez-Santos L, Alonso E, Crende O, Ibarretxe G, Madrid JF, Sáez FJ. Identification of sugar moieties in chief cells of the rat fundic gastric glands. Anat Sci Int 2020; 96:221-230. [PMID: 33030698 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted to determine the composition of the glycoconjugates of the mucus-secreting cells of the fundic glands of the stomach. However, the chief cells of these glands have been largely ignored because they secrete mainly zymogens with a lower glycosylation. The aim of this work was to analyze the glycoconjugates of the gastric chief cells by a battery of 17 different lectins, recognizing Fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine, Galactose, N-acetylneuraminic acid, N-acetylglucosamine and Mannose containing oligosaccharides. Histochemical techniques were performed with several lectins and also combined with two pre-treatments; β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides, and incubation with Peptide-N-Gycosidase F, which removes N-linked oligosaccharides. In addition, acid hydrolysis was performed before WGA histochemistry, and incubation with glucose oxidase before Con A labeling. Many lectins did not stain the chief cells. In addition, the presence of O-glycans in the apical cell membrane was demonstrated with the lectins AAL, HPA, MPA/MPL, PNA, RCA-I, and WGA. Some of these O-glycans were resistant to short-term β-elimination pre-treatments. Mannose-binding lectins stained the basal cytoplasm of the chief cells. The level of glycosylation of the chief cells was lower than that of the mucous cells. The presence of O-glycans in the apical cell membrane is consistent with the presence of mucins such as MUC1 in the apical membrane of chief cells. Moreover, Mannose-binding lectins revealed N-glycosylation in the basal cytoplasm. The knowledge of gastric chief cell glycoconjugates is relevant because of their potential involvement not only in in physiological but also in pathological processes, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez-Santos
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bº Sarriena S/N, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Edurne Alonso
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bº Sarriena S/N, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Olatz Crende
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bº Sarriena S/N, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Gaskon Ibarretxe
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bº Sarriena S/N, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco José Sáez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bº Sarriena S/N, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.
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24
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Li G, Wei H, Bi J, Ding X, Li L, Xu S, Yang G, Ren W. Insights into Dietary Switch in Cetaceans: Evidence from Molecular Evolution of Proteinases and Lipases. J Mol Evol 2020; 88:521-535. [PMID: 32458105 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-020-09952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fossil evidence suggests that cetaceans evolved from artiodactylans. Thus, there was a major dietary change from herbivorous to carnivorous during their transition from a terrestrial to an aquatic environment. However, the molecular evolutionary mechanisms underlying this dietary switch have not been well investigated. Evidence of positive selection of digestive proteinases and lipases of cetaceans was detected: (1) For the four pancreatic proteinase families (carboxypeptidase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase) examined in this study, each family included only a single intact gene (e.g., CPA1, PRSS1, CTRC, and CELA3B) that had no ORF-disrupted or premature stop codons, whereas other members of each family had become pseudogenized. Further selective pressure analysis showed that three genes (PRSS1, CTRC, and CELA3B) were subjected to significant positive selection in cetaceans. (2) For digestive proteinases from the stomach, PGA was identified to be under positive selection. (3) Intense positive selection was also detected for the lipase gene PLRP2 in cetaceans. In addition, parallel /convergent amino acid substitutions between cetaceans and carnivores, two groups of mammals that have evolved similar feeding habits, were identified in 10 of the 12 functional genes. Although pseudogenization resulted in each family of pancreatic proteinases only retaining one intact gene copy in cetacean genomes, positive selection might have driven pancreatic proteinases, stomach proteinases, and lipases to adaptively evolve a stronger ability to digest a relatively higher proportion of proteins and lipids from animal foods. This study can provide some novel insights into the molecular mechanism of cetacean dietary changes during their transition from land to sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiting Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Huiyuan Wei
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Juanjuan Bi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xiaoyue Ding
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Lili Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Shixia Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Wenhua Ren
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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25
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Bannigan P, Flynn J, Hudson SP. The impact of endogenous gastrointestinal molecules on the dissolution and precipitation of orally delivered hydrophobic APIs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:677-688. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1743677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauric Bannigan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC the SFI Pharmaceutical Centre, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - James Flynn
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC the SFI Pharmaceutical Centre, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah P. Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC the SFI Pharmaceutical Centre, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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26
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Lee S, Jo K, Hur SJ, Choi YS, Kim HJ, Jung S. Low Protein Digestibility of Beef Puree in Infant In Vitro Digestion Model. Food Sci Anim Resour 2019; 39:1000-1007. [PMID: 31950115 PMCID: PMC6949524 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated protein digestibility of beef puree in infant and adult
in vitro digestion models. The simulated digestive juices
for infant and adult were prepared. Protein digestibility of beef puree was
calculated in the gastric and gastrointestinal compartments. The 10%
trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen and α-amino group contents of
gastric digesta were lower in the infant in vitro digestion
model than those in the adult in vitro digestion model
(p<0.05). In addition, the gastrointestinal digesta from the infant
in vitro digestion model had lower value of the 10%
trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen and α-amino group contents than
those of the adult in vitro digestion model (p<0.05).
The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed
that the remarkable bands of actin and myosin light chain B were found in the
digesta of beef puree from the infant in vitro digestion model.
The results of this study revealed the lower protein digestibility of beef puree
in infants compared to that in adults. Therefore, the development of ways to
increase digestibility of meat protein can improve the nutritional quality of
meat products for infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonmin Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kyung Jo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Division of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Researcher Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16613, Korea
| | - Samooel Jung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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27
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Manguy J, Shields DC. Implications of kappa-casein evolutionary diversity for the self-assembly and aggregation of casein micelles. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190939. [PMID: 31824707 PMCID: PMC6837221 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Milk alpha-, beta- and kappa-casein proteins assemble into casein micelles in breast epithelial cells. The glycomacropeptide (GMP) tails of kappa-casein that extend from the surface of the micelle are key to assembly and aggregation. Aggregation is triggered by stomach pepsin cleavage of GMP from para-kappa-casein (PKC). While one casein micelle model emphasizes the importance of hydrophobic interactions, another focuses on polar residues. We performed an evolutionary analysis of kappa-casein primary sequence and predicted features that potentially impact on protein interactions. We noted more rapid change in the earlier period (166 to 60 Ma). Pepsin and plasmin cleavage sites were avoided in the GMP, which may partly explain its amino acid composition. Short tandem repeats have led to modest expansions of PKC, and to large GMP expansions, suggesting the GMP is less length constrained. Amino acid compositional constraints were assessed across species. Polarity and hydrophobicity properties were insufficient to explain differences between PKC and GMP. Among polar residues, threonine dominates the GMP, compared to serine, probably reflecting its preference for O-glycosylation over phosphorylation. Glutamine, enriched in the bovine PQ-rich region, is not positionally conserved in other species. Among hydrophobic residues, isoleucine is clearly preferred over leucine in the GMP, and patches of hydrophobicity are not markedly positionally conserved. PKC tyrosine and charged residues showed stronger conservation of position, suggesting a role for pi-interactions, seen in other structurally dynamic protein membraneless assemblies. Independent acquisitions of cysteines are consistent with a trend of increasing stabilization of multimers by covalent disulphide bonds, over evolutionary time. In conclusion, kappa-casein compositional and positional constraints appear to be influenced by modification preferences, protease evasion and protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Manguy
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Denis C. Shields
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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28
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Arise RO, Idi JJ, Mic-Braimoh IM, Korode E, Ahmed RN, Osemwegie O. In vitro Angiotesin-1-converting enzyme, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of Luffa cylindrical (L.) M. Roem seed protein hydrolysate. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01634. [PMID: 31193002 PMCID: PMC6512875 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, researchers have explored food derived peptides to circumvent the side effects of synthetic drugs. This study therefore examined the amino acid constituents, in vitro antioxidant activities, angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE), α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition kinetics of protein hydrolysate obtained from the seed of Luffa cylindrica. The peptide yield by pepsin (16.93 ± 0.28%) and trypsin (13.20 ± 1.02%) were significantly lower than that of Alcalase (34.04 ± 1.96%). Alcalase hydrolysate however displayed the highest ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and H2O2 scavenging activities (0.63%, 85.88% and 41.69% respectively), while the highest superoxide scavenging activity was shown by peptic hydrolysate (57.89%). The ACE inhibition by the hydrolysates with IC50 of 0.32-0.93 mg/mL, increased as the concentration of the peptic hydrolysate increased with the highest ACE-inhibitory activity (74.99 ± 0.43%) at 1.2 mg/mL of peptic hydrolysate. Tryptic and Alcalase hydrloysates exhibited a strong α-amylase inhibition having 27.96 ± 0.06% and 36.36 ± 0.71% inhibitory capacity respectively with IC50 of 1.02-3.31 mg/mL. Alcalase hydrolysates demonstrated the strongest inhibition (65.81 ± 1.95%), followed by tryptic hydrolysates (54.53 ± 0.52%) in a concentration-dependent inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC50 , 0.48-0.80 mg/mL). Kinetic analysis showed that ACE-inhibition by different concentrations of Alcalase, pepsin and trypsin hydrolysates is uncompetitive, mixed-type and non-competitive respectively. α-Amylase was non-competitively inhibited while α-glucosidase was un-competitively inhibited by all the hydrolysates. The total amino acid concentration for Alcalase, trypsin and pepsin hydrolysates was 53.51g/100g, 75.40g/100g and 85.42g/100g of Luffa cylindrica seed protein hydrolysate respectively, with glutamate being the most concentrated essential amino acid in all the three hydrolysates. From these results, it can be deduced that Luffa cylindrica seed Alcalase and tryptic protein hydrolysates may play critical and indispensible role as bio-tools in diabetes and hypertension treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotimi Olusanya Arise
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jalil James Idi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
| | | | - Emmanuel Korode
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Risikat Nike Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Omorefosa Osemwegie
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
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29
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Simon AH, Liebscher S, Aumüller TH, Treblow D, Bordusa F. Application of a Dual Internally Quenched Fluorogenic Substrate in Screening for D-Arginine Specific Proteases. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:711. [PMID: 31001242 PMCID: PMC6456654 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of D-stereospecific proteases (DSPs) in resolution of racemic amino acids and in the semisynthesis of proteins has been a successful strategy. The main limitation for a broader application is, however, the accessibility of suitable DSPs covering multiple substrate specificities. To identify DSPs with novel primary substrate preferences, a fast specificity screening method using the easily accessible internally quenched fluorogenic substrate aminobenzoyl-D-arginyl-D-alanyl-p-nitroanilide was developed. By monitoring both UV/vis-absorbance and fluorescence signals at the same time it allows to detect two distinct D-amino acid substrate specificities simultaneously and separately with respect to the individual specificities. In order to identify novel DSP specificities for synthesis applications, DSPs specific for D-arginine were of special interest due to their potential ability as catalysts for substrate mimetics-mediated peptide and protein ligations. D-alanine in the substrate served as positive control and reference based on its known acceptance by numerous DSPs. In silico analysis suggested that DSPs are predominantly present in gram-positive microorganisms, therefore this study focused on the bacilli strains Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis as potential hosts of D-Arg-specific DSPs. While protease activities toward D-alanine were found in both organisms, a novel and so far unknown D-arginine specific DSP was detected within the culture supernatant of B. thuringiensis. Enrichment of this activity via cation exchange and size exclusion chromatography allowed isolation and further characterization of this novel enzyme consisting of a molecular mass of 37.7 kDa and an enzymatic activity of 8.3 U mg-1 for cleaving the D-Arg|D-Ala bond in the detecting substrate. Independent experiments also showed that the identified enzyme shows similarities to the class of penicillin binding proteins. In future applications this enzyme will be a promising starting point for the development of novel strategies for the semisynthesis of all-L-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H Simon
- Institute of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Centre, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sandra Liebscher
- Institute of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Centre, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Tobias H Aumüller
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Halle, Germany
| | - Dennis Treblow
- Institute of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Centre, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Frank Bordusa
- Institute of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Centre, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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30
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Chen H, Zhu HR, Yu XN, Shi X, Bilegsaikhan E, Guo HY, Huang RZ, Liu TT, Shen XZ, Zhu JM. Overexpressed pepsinogen C is associated with poor prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a tissue microarray study. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2927-2934. [PMID: 31114341 PMCID: PMC6497866 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s192241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aberrant expression of pepsinogen C (PGC) has been observed in human cancers. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be established. The goal of this study is to illustrate PGC expression and to evaluate its clinical relevance in HCC. Materials and methods: PGC expression was examined in 75 pairs of HCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues using tissue microarray. The correlations between its expression and clinical parameters were also analyzed. Results: PGC overexpression was significantly associated with larger tumor size (≥5 cm; P=0.017) and incomplete encapsulation (P<0.0001). Cox regression model demonstrated that PGC expression and tumor size were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in HCC. The subgroup analysis by Kaplan–Meier uncovered that OS and DFS were much worse in high PGC level group than in low PGC level group with large tumor size subgroup, while no difference of OS was noted between the two groups with low tumor size subgroup. Conclusion: PGC plays a tumorigenesis role in HCC progression, which may lead to a novel insight to the potential biomarker and novel therapeutic strategies for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Rong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterologyand Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Nan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterologyand Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Gastroenterologyand Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Enkhnaran Bilegsaikhan
- Department of Gastroenterologyand Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ying Guo
- Department of Gastroenterologyand Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Zheng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterologyand Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao-Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterologyand Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Zhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterologyand Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterologyand Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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31
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Gilannejad N, Paykan Heyrati F, Dorafshan S, Martos-Sitcha JA, Yúfera M, Martínez-Rodríguez G. Molecular basis of the digestive functionality in developing Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) larvae: additional clues for its phylogenetic status. J Comp Physiol B 2019; 189:367-383. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Gonçalves O, Freitas R, Ferreira P, Araújo M, Zhang G, Mazan S, Cohn MJ, Castro LFC, Wilson JM. Molecular ontogeny of the stomach in the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula. Sci Rep 2019; 9:586. [PMID: 30679499 PMCID: PMC6346038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of extracellular digestion in metazoans was accompanied by structural and physiological alterations of the gut. These adaptations culminated in the differentiation of a novel digestive structure in jawed vertebrates, the stomach. Specific endoderm/mesenchyme signalling is required for stomach differentiation, involving the growth and transcription factors: 1) Shh and Bmp4, required for stomach outgrowth; 2) Barx1, Sfrps and Sox2, required for gastric epithelium development and 3) Cdx1 and Cdx2, involved in intestinal versus gastric identity. Thus, modulation of endoderm/mesenchyme signalling emerges as a plausible mechanism linked to the origin of the stomach. In order to gain insight into the ancient mechanisms capable of generating this structure in jawed vertebrates, we characterised the development of the gut in the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula. As chondrichthyans, these animals retained plesiomorphic features of jawed vertebrates, including a well-differentiated stomach. We identified a clear molecular regionalization of their embryonic gut, characterised by the expression of barx1 and sox2 in the prospective stomach region and expression of cdx1 and cdx2 in the prospective intestine. Furthermore, we show that gastric gland development occurs close to hatching, accompanied by the onset of gastric proton pump activity. Our findings favour a scenario in which the developmental mechanisms involved in the origin of the stomach were present in the common ancestor of chondrichthyans and osteichthyans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odete Gonçalves
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Freitas
- I3S- Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Ferreira
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Araújo
- I3S- Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - GuangJun Zhang
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, USA.,Purdue Univ. Center for Cancer, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, USA.,Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, USA
| | - Sylvie Mazan
- CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls, France
| | - Martin J Cohn
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UF Genetics Institute, Univ. Florida, Florida, USA.,Department of Biology, UF Genetics Institute, Univ. Florida, Florida, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, UF Genetics Institute, Univ. Florida, Florida, USA
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jonathan M Wilson
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier Univ., Waterloo, Canada.
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Shi Y, Liu M, Yan H, Cai C, Guo Q, Pei W, Zhang R, Wang Z, Han J. Mutual influence of piceatannol and bisphenol F on their interaction with pepsin: Insights from spectroscopic, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular modeling studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 206:384-395. [PMID: 30170174 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The individual and combined interactions of bisphenol F and piceatannol with pepsin were investigated using spectroscopic methods (fluorescence, UV-vis absorption, and circular dichroism spectroscopy), combined with isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular docking. Thermodynamic data showed that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces might play a major role for the binding process. Site marking experiments and molecular docking confirmed the binding sites of these two ligands on pepsin. The discrepancy in the binding constant between the binary and ternary systems indicated the competitive binding of piceatannol and bisphenol F to pepsin. Circular dichroism spectra studies suggested that the binding of the two ligands led to a loosening of pepsin backbone. Enzyme activity assays indicated that the inhibition of pepsin activity by piceatannol and bisphenol F was competitive. These results will be helpful to understand the mechanism of piceatannol and bisphenol F affecting the activity of digestive proteases in the sight of the food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Shi
- Institute of BioPharmceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of BioPharmceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Chang Cai
- Institute of BioPharmceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Qingying Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Wenxin Pei
- Institute of BioPharmceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Institute of BioPharmceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Institute of BioPharmceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of BioPharmceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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Bannigan P, Stokes K, Kumar A, Madden C, Hudson SP. Investigating the effects of amphipathic gastrointestinal compounds on the solution behaviour of salt and free base forms of clofazimine: An in vitro evaluation. Int J Pharm 2018; 552:180-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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35
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Li X, Zhang C, Gong T, Ni X, Li J, Zhan D, Liu M, Song L, Ding C, Xu J, Zhen B, Wang Y, Qin J. A time-resolved multi-omic atlas of the developing mouse stomach. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4910. [PMID: 30464175 PMCID: PMC6249217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian stomach is structurally highly diverse and its organ functionality critically depends on a normal embryonic development. Although there have been several studies on the morphological changes during stomach development, a system-wide analysis of the underlying molecular changes is lacking. Here, we present a comprehensive, temporal proteome and transcriptome atlas of the mouse stomach at multiple developmental stages. Quantitative analysis of 12,108 gene products allows identifying three distinct phases based on changes in proteins and RNAs and the gain of stomach functions on a longitudinal time scale. The transcriptome indicates functionally important isoforms relevant to development and identifies several functionally unannotated novel splicing junction transcripts that we validate at the peptide level. Importantly, many proteins differentially expressed in stomach development are also significantly overexpressed in diffuse-type gastric cancer. Overall, our study provides a resource to understand stomach development and its connection to gastric cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chunchao Zhang
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tongqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaotian Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China.,Department of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jin'e Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Dongdong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China.,Department of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Hospital Cancer Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Bei Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China. .,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China. .,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Bannigan P, Durack E, Mathur H, Rea MC, Ross RP, Hudson SP. Delivery of a hydrophobic drug into the lower gastrointestinal system via an endogenous enzyme-mediated carrier mechanism: An in vitro study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 133:12-19. [PMID: 30267836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Clofazimine (CFZ) is a hydrophobic antibiotic agent which exhibits poor solubility. This poor solubility was overcome herein by the formulation of CFZ with the digestive enzyme pepsin. It is shown that pepsin can actively bind 11 CFZ molecules in the protein's native gastric environment, forming a CFZ-pepsin complex. A dynamic dissolution system, representing both the gastric and intestinal system, was used to analyze this CFZ-pepsin complex, revealing that only CFZ which binds to pepsin in the gastric environment remains in solution in the intestinal environment. The CFZ-pepsin complex displays adequate solution stability for the delivery of CFZ into the lower intestinal system. In vitro bioactivity assays against Clostridium difficile demonstrated the effectiveness of this CFZ-pepsin complex for the treatment of infectious diseases in the lower intestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauric Bannigan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Edel Durack
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Harsh Mathur
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - Mary C Rea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - R Paul Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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37
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Pane K, Cafaro V, Avitabile A, Torres MDT, Vollaro A, De Gregorio E, Catania MR, Di Maro A, Bosso A, Gallo G, Zanfardino A, Varcamonti M, Pizzo E, Di Donato A, Lu TK, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Notomista E. Identification of Novel Cryptic Multifunctional Antimicrobial Peptides from the Human Stomach Enabled by a Computational-Experimental Platform. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:2105-2115. [PMID: 30124040 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel approaches are needed to combat antibiotic resistance. Here, we describe a computational-experimental framework for the discovery of novel cryptic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The computational platform, based on previously validated antimicrobial scoring functions, indicated the activation peptide of pepsin A, the main human stomach protease, and its N- and C-terminal halves as antimicrobial peptides. The three peptides from pepsinogen A3 isoform were prepared in a recombinant form using a fusion carrier specifically developed to express toxic peptides in Escherichia coli. Recombinant pepsinogen A3-derived peptides proved to be wide-spectrum antimicrobial agents with MIC values in the range 1.56-50 μM (1.56-12.5 μM for the whole activation peptide). Moreover, the activation peptide was bactericidal at pH 3.5 for relevant foodborne pathogens, suggesting that this new class of previously unexplored AMPs may contribute to microbial surveillance within the human stomach. The peptides showed no toxicity toward human cells and exhibited anti-infective activity in vivo, reducing by up to 4 orders of magnitude the bacterial load in a mouse skin infection model. These peptides thus represent a promising new class of antibiotics. We envision that computationally guided data mining approaches such as the one described here will lead to the discovery of antibiotics from previously unexplored sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Pane
- IRCCS SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Cafaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Angela Avitabile
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Marcelo Der Torossian Torres
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Adriana Vollaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Eliana De Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Catania
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antimo Di Maro
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples, Vanvitelli, Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Andrea Bosso
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Anna Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Mario Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Elio Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Timothy K. Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eugenio Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
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38
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Mekhaneg B, Girardet JM, Humbert G, Saulnier F, Poirson C, Bellal MM. Physico-chemical characterization of a milk-clotting fraction extracted from turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) proventriculus. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Mesquita WJ, Kline CM, Vernier P, Ledgerwood AM, Lucas CE. Failure of gastric prophylaxis against stress bleeding reflects inadequate pH control. Surgery 2018; 164:733-737. [PMID: 30041965 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric prophylaxis against stress ulceration with histamine 2 blockers or protein pump inhibitors is a quality standard in septic Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) patients to reduce gastric pH below 3.5. This study assesses the efficacy of gastric prophylaxis with pH monitoring. METHODS A total of 100 patients were studied for 481 days. All received histamine 2 blockers or protein pump inhibitors. Daily pH control was judged as poor (1-3), moderate (4-5), or good (>5). Patients with poor pH received double-dose or an infusion gastric prophylaxis. Nasogastric tube bile or blood and transfusions for stress ulceration were recorded. RESULTS Gastric prophylaxis was poor for 37 days, moderate for 83 days, and good for 279 days. NGT blood occurred on 15 days (40%) with poor, 17 days (20%) with moderate, and 17 days (6%) with good control. Transfusions for stress ulceration occurred on 5 days (14%) during poor, 3 days (4%) during moderate, and 1 day (0.3%) during good control (P < .05). Enhanced gastric prophylaxis improved pH control and reduced nasogastric tube blood. Transfusion for stress ulceration after enhanced therapy was required on 1 day (8%) with poor control and never for moderate or good control. CONCLUSION Gastric prophylaxis against stress ulceration should be monitored by nasogastric tube pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig M Kline
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Charles E Lucas
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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40
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Revisiting the enzymatic kinetics of pepsin using isothermal titration calorimetry. Food Chem 2018; 268:94-100. [PMID: 30064809 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pepsin is the first protease that food proteins encounter in the digestive tract. However, most of the previous studies on the enzymatic kinetics of pepsin were based on the hydrolysis of small synthetic peptides, due to the limitations in methodology and the complexity of protein substrate. To better understand the role of pepsin in protein digestion, we used isothermal titration calorimetry to study the enzymatic kinetics of pepsin with bovine serum albumin as the substrate. We found that pepsin has a higher catalytic rate at lower pH, while its affinity to substrate is lower. At the same pH, pepsin has lower activity and affinity at higher ionic strengths. We found contrasting kinetic parameters for pepsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of bovine serum albumin and of small synthetic peptides. Time-dependent kinetics also showed that pepsin has lower efficiency towards intermediate peptides during hydrolysis.
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Uehara M, Tabata E, Ishii K, Sawa A, Ohno M, Sakaguchi M, Matoska V, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Chitinase mRNA Levels Determined by QPCR in Crab-Eating Monkey (Macaca fascicularis) Tissues: Species-Specific Expression of Acidic Mammalian Chitinase and Chitotriosidase. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9050244. [PMID: 29747453 PMCID: PMC5977184 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice and humans express two active chitinases: acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) and chitotriosidase (CHIT1). Both chitinases are thought to play important roles in specific pathophysiological conditions. The crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis) is one of the most frequently used nonhuman primate models in basic and applied biomedical research. Here, we performed gene expression analysis of two chitinases in normal crab-eating monkey tissues by way of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using a single standard DNA molecule. Levels of AMCase and CHIT1 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were highest in the stomach and the lung, respectively, when compared to other tissues. Comparative gene expression analysis of mouse, monkey, and human using monkey–mouse–human hybrid standard DNA showed that the AMCase mRNA levels were exceptionally high in mouse and monkey stomachs while very low in the human stomach. As for the CHIT1 mRNA, we detected higher levels in the monkey lung when compared with those of mouse and human. The differences of mRNA expression between the species in the stomach tissues were basically reflecting the levels of the chitinolytic activities. These results indicate that gene expression of AMCase and CHIT1 differs between mammalian species and requiring special attention in handling data in chitinase-related studies in particular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Uehara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.
| | - Eri Tabata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (DC1), Koujimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Ishii
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166A, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166A, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Misa Ohno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.
| | - Vaclav Matoska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, 150 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter O Bauer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, 150 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Bioinova Ltd., 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.
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Identification of Placental Aspartic Proteinase in the Eurasian Beaver ( Castor fiber L.). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041229. [PMID: 29670018 PMCID: PMC5979379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspartic proteinases (AP) form a multigenic group widely distributed in various organisms and includes pepsins (pep), cathepsins D and E, pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAGs) as well as plant, fungal, and retroviral proteinases. This study describes the transcript identification and expression localization of the AP within the discoid placenta of the Castor fiber. We identified 1257 bp of the AP cDNA sequence, encoding 391 amino acids (aa) of the polypeptide precursor composed of 16 aa signal peptide, 46 aa pro-piece, and 329 aa of the mature protein. Within the AP precursor, one site of potential N-glycosylation (NPS119–121) and two Asp residues (D) specific for the catalytic cleft of AP were identified (VLFDTGSSNLWV91–102 and GIVDTGTSLLTV277–288). The highest homology of the identified placental AP nucleotide and aa sequence was to mouse pepsinogen C (75.8% and 70.1%, respectively). Identified AP also shared high homology with other superfamily members: PAGs, cathepsins, and napsins. The AP identified in this study was named as pepsinogen/PAG-Like (pep/PAG-L). Diversified pep/PAG-L protein profiles with a dominant 58 kDa isoform were identified. Immune reactive signals of the pep/PAG-L were localized within the trophectodermal cells of the beaver placenta. This is the first report describing the placental AP (pep/PAG-L) in the C. fiber.
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43
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Exploring the interaction of silver nanoparticles with pepsin and its adsorption isotherms and kinetics. Chem Biol Interact 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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44
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Tabata E, Kashimura A, Kikuchi A, Masuda H, Miyahara R, Hiruma Y, Wakita S, Ohno M, Sakaguchi M, Sugahara Y, Matoska V, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Chitin digestibility is dependent on feeding behaviors, which determine acidic chitinase mRNA levels in mammalian and poultry stomachs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1461. [PMID: 29362395 PMCID: PMC5780506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), functions as a major structural component in chitin-containing organism including crustaceans, insects and fungi. Recently, we reported that acidic chitinase (Chia) is highly expressed in mouse, chicken and pig stomach tissues and that it can digest chitin in the respective gastrointestinal tracts (GIT). In this study, we focus on major livestock and domestic animals and show that the levels of Chia mRNA in their stomach tissues are governed by the feeding behavior. Chia mRNA levels were significantly lower in the bovine (herbivores) and dog (carnivores) stomach than those in mouse, pig and chicken (omnivores). Consistent with the mRNA levels, Chia protein was very low in bovine stomach. In addition, the chitinolytic activity of E. coli-expressed bovine and dog Chia enzymes were moderately but significantly lower compared with those of the omnivorous Chia enzymes. Recombinant bovine and dog Chia enzymes can degrade chitin substrates under the artificial GIT conditions. Furthermore, genomes of some herbivorous animals such as rabbit and guinea pig do not contain functional Chia genes. These results indicate that feeding behavior affects Chia expression levels as well as chitinolytic activity of the enzyme, and determines chitin digestibility in the particular animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Tabata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Akinori Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Azusa Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Masuda
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyahara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hiruma
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakita
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Misa Ohno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yasusato Sugahara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Vaclav Matoska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, Prague, 150 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter O Bauer
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, Prague, 150 00, Czech Republic
- Bioinova Ltd., Videnska 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan.
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Anders G, Hassiepen U, Theisgen S, Heymann S, Muller L, Panigada T, Huster D, Samsonov SA. The Intrinsic Pepsin Resistance of Interleukin-8 Can Be Explained from a Combined Bioinformatical and Experimental Approach. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 15:300-308. [PMID: 28113517 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2016.2614821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8, CXCL8) is a neutrophil chemotactic factor belonging to the family of chemokines. IL-8 was shown to resist pepsin cleavage displaying its high resistance to this protease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance are not fully understood. Using our in-house database containing the data on three-dimensional arrangements of secondary structure elements from the whole Protein Data Bank, we found a striking structural similarity between IL-8 and pepsin inhibitor-3. Such similarity could play a key role in understanding IL-8 resistance to the protease pepsin. To support this hypothesis, we applied pepsin assays confirming that intact IL-8 is not degraded by pepsin in comparison to IL-8 in a denaturated state. Applying 1H-15N Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence NMR measurements, we determined the putative regions at IL-8 that are potentially responsible for interactions with the pepsin. The results obtained in this work contribute to the understanding of the resistance of IL-8 to pepsin proteolysis in terms of its structural properties.
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46
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Huhmann S, Stegemann AK, Folmert K, Klemczak D, Moschner J, Kube M, Koksch B. Position-dependent impact of hexafluoroleucine and trifluoroisoleucine on protease digestion. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2869-2882. [PMID: 29564015 PMCID: PMC5753150 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid digestion by proteases limits the application of peptides as therapeutics. One strategy to increase the proteolytic stability of peptides is the modification with fluorinated amino acids. This study presents a systematic investigation of the effects of fluorinated leucine and isoleucine derivatives on the proteolytic stability of a peptide that was designed to comprise substrate specificities of different proteases. Therefore, leucine, isoleucine, and their side-chain fluorinated variants were site-specifically incorporated at different positions of this peptide resulting in a library of 13 distinct peptides. The stability of these peptides towards proteolysis by α-chymotrypsin, pepsin, proteinase K, and elastase was studied, and this process was followed by an FL-RP-HPLC assay in combination with mass spectrometry. In a few cases, we observed an exceptional increase in proteolytic stability upon introduction of the fluorine substituents. The opposite phenomenon was observed in other cases, and this may be explained by specific interactions of fluorinated residues with the respective enzyme binding sites. Noteworthy is that 5,5,5-trifluoroisoleucine is able to significantly protect peptides from proteolysis by all enzymes included in this study when positioned N-terminal to the cleavage site. These results provide valuable information for the application of fluorinated amino acids in the design of proteolytically stable peptide-based pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Huhmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Stegemann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Folmert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Damian Klemczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Moschner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michelle Kube
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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47
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Wang J, Yu Z, Ren J, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Lei L, Zheng Y, Huang L, He Z. Effects of pepsin A on heat shock protein 70 response in laryngopharyngeal reflux patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Acta Otolaryngol 2017; 137:1253-1259. [PMID: 28784015 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2017.1360515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and explored the effects of pepsin A on the level of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in CRS. METHODS We included 23 CRS patients with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), 26 CRS patients without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and nine normal controls to measure pepsin A levels in nasal secretions, blood plasma and nasal tissues, to measure HSP70 levels in nasal tissues, and to detect pepsinogen A, HSPA5, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), and carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) mRNA expression levels in nasal tissues. RESULTS Pepsin A levels in nasal secretions were significantly higher in CRSwNP/CRSsNP patients than in controls. HSP70 levels were significantly increased in pepsin A-positive turbinate mucosa compared to controls (p < .001). Similarly, HSP70 levels were significantly increased in pepsin A-positive polyp tissues than in pepsin A-negative polyp tissues (p = .016). Furthermore, no association was found between the presence of pepsin A and HSPA5, COX-2, and CAIII mRNA expression levels. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that LPR may play a role in the development of CRS through pepsin A reflux, and increased HSP70 expression may be associated with the pathogenic mechanism of mucosal injury in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhao Yu
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianjun Ren
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuke Zhang
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongbo Zheng
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ligao Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chengdu Renpin Otorhinolaryngological Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaoping He
- Department of Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I.duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
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48
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Lopes-Marques M, Ruivo R, Fonseca E, Teixeira A, Castro LFC. Unusual loss of chymosin in mammalian lineages parallels neo-natal immune transfer strategies. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 116:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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49
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Yue Y, Zhao S, Liu J, Yan X, Sun Y. Probing the binding properties of dicyandiamide with pepsin by spectroscopy and docking methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:1056-1062. [PMID: 28764101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dicyandiamide (DCD), considered to be a nitrification inhibitor, poses threat to human's health with exposure from milk, infant formula and other food products. In this work, DCD was investigated for its binding reaction with pepsin using spectroscopy and docking methods. Fluorescence experiments indicated DCD quenched the fluorescence of pepsin through a static process. Thermodynamic analysis of the binding data (ΔH0 = -21.72 kJ mol-1 and ΔS0 = 17.61 J mol-1 K-1) suggested the involvement of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding in the complex formation. The pepsin interacted with DCD at a hydrophobic cavity, leading to a conformational changes in the pepsin, as revealed from UV-vis absorption, Fourier transform infrared, the time-resolved fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism spectral results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yue
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Shufang Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Xuyang Yan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
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50
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Islam MR, Kim NS, Jung JW, Kim HB, Han SC, Yang MS. Spontaneous pepsin C-catalyzed activation of human pepsinogen C in transgenic rice cell suspension culture: Production and characterization of human pepsin C. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 108:66-73. [PMID: 29108629 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A human pepsinogen C (hPGC) gene was synthesized with rice-optimized codon usage and cloned into a rice expression vector containing the promoter, signal peptide, and terminator derived from the rice α-amylase 3D (Ramy3D) gene. In addition, a 6-His tag was added to the 3' end of the synthetic hPGC gene for easy purification. The plant expression vector was introduced into rice calli (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The integration of the hPGC gene into the chromosome of the transgenic rice callus and hPGC expression in transgenic rice cell suspensions was verified via genomic DNA polymerase chain reaction amplification and Northern blot analysis. Western blot analysis indicated both hPGC and its mature form, human pepsin C, with masses of 42- and 36-kDa in the culture medium under sugar starvation conditions. Human pepsin C was purified from the culture medium using a Ni-NTA agarose column and the NH2-terminal 5-residue sequences were verified by amino acid sequencing. The hydrolyzing activity of human pepsin C was confirmed using bovine hemoglobin as a substrate. The optimum pH and temperature for pepsin activity were 2.0 and 40°C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reyazul Islam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wan Jung
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea; Division of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjindong, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Boon Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Chon Han
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Sik Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea; Division of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjindong, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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