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Rubino V, La Rosa G, Pipicelli L, Carriero F, Damiano S, Santillo M, Terrazzano G, Ruggiero G, Mondola P. Insights on the Multifaceted Roles of Wild-Type and Mutated Superoxide Dismutase 1 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1747. [PMID: 37760050 PMCID: PMC10525763 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neurodegenerative disease. Cell damage in ALS is the result of many different, largely unknown, pathogenetic mechanisms. Astrocytes and microglial cells play a critical role also for their ability to enhance a deranged inflammatory response. Excitotoxicity, due to excessive glutamate levels and increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, has also been proposed to play a key role in ALS pathogenesis/progression. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) behave as key second messengers for multiple receptor/ligand interactions. ROS-dependent regulatory networks are usually mediated by peroxides. Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) physiologically mediates intracellular peroxide generation. About 10% of ALS subjects show a familial disease associated with different gain-of-function SOD1 mutations. The occurrence of sporadic ALS, not clearly associated with SOD1 defects, has been also described. SOD1-dependent pathways have been involved in neuron functional network as well as in immune-response regulation. Both, neuron depolarization and antigen-dependent T-cell activation mediate SOD1 exocytosis, inducing increased interaction of the enzyme with a complex molecular network involved in the regulation of neuron functional activity and immune response. Here, alteration of SOD1-dependent pathways mediating increased intracellular Ca2+ levels, altered mitochondria functions and defective inflammatory process regulation have been proposed to be relevant for ALS pathogenesis/progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rubino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuliana La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.L.R.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Luca Pipicelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.L.R.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Flavia Carriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Simona Damiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.L.R.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariarosaria Santillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.L.R.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paolo Mondola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.L.R.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (M.S.)
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2
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Xiong P, Huang X, Ye N, Lu Q, Zhang G, Peng S, Wang H, Liu Y. Cytotoxicity of Metal-Based Nanoparticles: From Mechanisms and Methods of Evaluation to Pathological Manifestations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106049. [PMID: 35343105 PMCID: PMC9165481 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly important tools in tissue engineering-, drug carrier-, interventional therapy-, and biobased technologies. However, their complex and varied migration and transformation pathways, as well as their continuous accumulation in closed biological systems, cause various unpredictable toxic effects that threaten human and ecosystem health. Considerable experimental and theoretical efforts have been made toward understanding these cytotoxic effects, though more research on metal-based NPs integrated with clinical medicine is required. This review summarizes the mechanisms and evaluation methods of cytotoxicity and provides an in-depth analysis of the typical effects generated in the nervous, immune, reproductive, and genetic systems. In addition, the challenges and opportunities are discussed to enhance future investigations on safer metal-based NPs for practical commercial adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizheng Xiong
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Xiangming Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxi Province530023P. R. China
| | - Naijing Ye
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Qunwen Lu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Shunlin Peng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Institute of Smart City and Intelligent TransportationSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu611700P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated DevicesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
- Department of BiophysicsSchool of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan610054P. R. China
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T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:412. [PMID: 34897277 PMCID: PMC8666445 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are translated into various signal transduction pathways within the cell, which mediate the activation of various genes with the help of specific transcription factors. These signaling networks propagate with the help of various effector enzymes, such as kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases. Integration of these disparate signal transduction pathways is done with the help of adaptor proteins that are non-enzymatic in function and that serve as a scaffold for various protein-protein interactions. This process aids in connecting the proximal to distal signaling pathways, thereby contributing to the full activation of T cells. This review provides a comprehensive snapshot of the various molecules involved in regulating T cell receptor signaling, covering both enzymes and adaptors, and will discuss their role in human disease.
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Superoxide Dismutase-1 Intracellular Content in T Lymphocytes Associates with Increased Regulatory T Cell Level in Multiple Sclerosis Subjects Undergoing Immune-Modulating Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121940. [PMID: 34943042 PMCID: PMC8750574 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate in the T-cell activation processes. ROS-dependent regulatory networks are usually mediated by peroxides, which are more stable and able to freely migrate inside cells. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1 represents the major physiological intracellular source of peroxides. We found that antigen-dependent activation represents a triggering element for SOD-1 production and secretion by human T lymphocytes. A deranged T-cell proinflammatory response characterizes the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). We previously observed a decreased SOD-1 intracellular content in leukocytes of MS individuals at diagnosis, with increasing amounts of such enzyme after interferon (IFN)-b 1b treatment. Here, we analyzed in depth SOD-1 intracellular content in T cells in a cohort of MS individuals undergoing immune-modulating treatment. Higher amounts of the enzyme were associated with increased availability of regulatory T cells (Treg) preferentially expressing Foxp3-exon 2 (Foxp3-E2), as described for effective Treg. In vitro administration of recombinant human SOD-1 to activated T cells, significantly increased their IL-17 production, while SOD-1 molecules lacking dismutase activity were unable to interfere with cytokine production by activated T cells in vitro. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide addition was observed to mimic, in vitro, the SOD-1 effect on IL-17 production. These data add SOD-1 to the molecules involved in the molecular pathways contributing to re-shaping the T-cell cytokine profile and Treg differentiation.
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Fu X, Xu M, Zhang H, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang C. Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C2 Mutant-Directed Fatty Acid and Mitochondrial Energy Metabolic Programs Regulate CD8 + T Cell Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2066-2076. [PMID: 32938730 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells can switch between fatty acid catabolism and mitochondrial energy metabolism to sustain expansion and their cytotoxic functions. ST-4 is a TCR-enhanced mutant derived from superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2), which can hyperactivate CD4+ T cells without MHC class II molecules. However, whether ST-4/SEC2 can enhance metabolic reprogramming in CD8+ T cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that ST-4, but not SEC2, could induce proliferation of purified CD8+ T cell from BALB/c mice in Vβ8.2- and -8.3-specific manners. Results of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis showed that fatty acid contents in CD8+ T cells were increased after ST-4 stimulation. Flow cytometry and Seahorse analyses showed that ST-4 significantly promoted mitochondrial energy metabolism in CD8+ T cells. We also observed significantly upregulated levels of gene transcripts for fatty acid uptake and synthesis, and significantly increased protein expression levels of fatty acid and mitochondrial metabolic markers of mTOR/PPARγ/SREBP1 and p38-MAPK signaling pathways in ST-4-activated CD8+ T cells. However, blocking mTOR, PPARγ, SREBP1, or p38-MAPK signals with specific inhibitors could significantly relieve the enhanced fatty acid catabolism and mitochondrial capacity induced by ST-4. In addition, blocking these signals inhibited ST-4-stimulated CD8+ T cell proliferation and effector functions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that ST-4 enhanced fatty acid and mitochondria metabolic reprogramming through mTOR/PPARγ/SREBP and p38-MAPK signaling pathways, which may be important regulatory mechanisms of CD8+ T cell activation. Understanding the effects of ST-4-induced regulatory metabolic networks on CD8+ T cells provide important mechanistic insights to superantigen-based tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhe Fu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; and
| | - Mingkai Xu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; and
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; and
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenggang Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; and
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Vasilev G, Ivanova M, Ivanova-Todorova E, Tumangelova-Yuzeir K, Krasimirova E, Stoilov R, Kyurkchiev D. Secretory factors produced by adipose mesenchymal stem cells downregulate Th17 and increase Treg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatol Int 2019; 39:819-826. [PMID: 30944956 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the immunoregulatory effects of secretory factors produced by adipose tissue-derived MSC (AT-MSC) on Th17 and Treg subsets from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 17 patients with active disease matching the ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria for RA were included. Patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in AT-MSC-conditioned medium (AT-MSCcm) and in control medium. The cytokine production of AT-MSC and PBMC was quantified by ELISA. Th17 and Treg were determined by flow cytometry. AT-MSCcm contained: IL-6, IL-17, IL-21, CCL2, CCL5, IL-8, sVEGF-A and PGE2. Cultivation of patients' PBMC with AT-MSCcm increased TGF-β1 (8318 pg/ml; IQR 6327-11,686) vs control medium [6227 pg/ml (IQR 1681-10,148, p = 0.013)]. PBMC cultivated with AT-MSCcm downregulated TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-21 compared to control PBMC: 5 pg/ml IQR (1.75-11.65) vs 1 pg/ml (IQR 0.7-1.9), p = 0.001; 4.2 pg/ml (IQR 3.1-6.1) vs 2.3 pg/ml (IQR.75-5.42), p = 0.017; 66.9 pg/ml (IQR 40.6-107.2) vs 53 pg/ml (IQR 22-73), p = 0.022. Th17 decreased under the influence of AT-MSCcm: 10.13 ± 3.88% vs 8.98 ± 3.58%, p = 0.02. CD4+FoxP3+, CD4+CD25-FoxP3+, and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ was 11.35 ± 4.1%; 7.13 ± 3.12% and 4.22 ± 2% in control PBMC. Accordingly, CD4+FoxP3+, CD4+CD25-FoxP3+, and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ significantly increased in PBMC cultured with AT-MSCcm: 15.6 ± 6.1%, p = 0.001; 9.56 ± 5.4%, p = 0.004 and 6.04 ± 3.6%, p = 0.001. All these effects could define MSC-based approaches as adequate avenues for further treatment development in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Vasilev
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski"-Sofia, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Mariana Ivanova
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski"-Sofia, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Ivanova-Todorova
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski"-Sofia, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kalina Tumangelova-Yuzeir
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski"-Sofia, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Krasimirova
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski"-Sofia, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumen Stoilov
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski"-Sofia, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dobroslav Kyurkchiev
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski"-Sofia, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Ikeda K, Kinoshita M, Kayama H, Nagamori S, Kongpracha P, Umemoto E, Okumura R, Kurakawa T, Murakami M, Mikami N, Shintani Y, Ueno S, Andou A, Ito M, Tsumura H, Yasutomo K, Ozono K, Takashima S, Sakaguchi S, Kanai Y, Takeda K. Slc3a2 Mediates Branched-Chain Amino-Acid-Dependent Maintenance of Regulatory T Cells. Cell Rep 2017; 21:1824-1838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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8
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Procaccini C, Carbone F, Di Silvestre D, Brambilla F, De Rosa V, Galgani M, Faicchia D, Marone G, Tramontano D, Corona M, Alviggi C, Porcellini A, La Cava A, Mauri P, Matarese G. The Proteomic Landscape of Human Ex Vivo Regulatory and Conventional T Cells Reveals Specific Metabolic Requirements. Immunity 2016; 44:406-21. [PMID: 26885861 PMCID: PMC4760097 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+CD127− Treg and CD4+CD25−Foxp3− Tconv cell functions are governed by their metabolic requirements. Here we report a comprehensive comparative analysis between ex vivo human Treg and Tconv cells that comprises analyses of the proteomic networks in subcellular compartments. We identified a dominant proteomic signature at the metabolic level that primarily impacted the highly-tuned balance between glucose and fatty-acid oxidation in the two cell types. Ex vivo Treg cells were highly glycolytic while Tconv cells used predominantly fatty-acid oxidation (FAO). When cultured in vitro, Treg cells engaged both glycolysis and FAO to proliferate, while Tconv cell proliferation mainly relied on glucose metabolism. Our unbiased proteomic analysis provides a molecular picture of the impact of metabolism on ex vivo human Treg versus Tconv cell functions that might be relevant for therapeutic manipulations of these cells. Ex vivo human Treg cells are highly glycolytic and proliferating Ex vivo human Tconv cells use fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) and are non-proliferating In vitro proliferation of human Treg cells requires both glycolysis and FAO In vitro proliferation of human Tconv cells relies mainly on glycolysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fortunata Carbone
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ITB-CNR), 20090 Segrate, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Brambilla
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ITB-CNR), 20090 Segrate, Milano, Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy; Unità di NeuroImmunologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Roma, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Deriggio Faicchia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali e Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Immunologiche di Base Cliniche (CISI), Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali e Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Immunologiche di Base Cliniche (CISI), Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Donatella Tramontano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Corona
- Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica "A. Buzzati-Traverso" Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGB-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive e Odontostomatologiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Porcellini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Università di Napoli ''Federico II'', Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Antonio La Cava
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ITB-CNR), 20090 Segrate, Milano, Italy; Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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Neildez-Nguyen TMA, Bigot J, Da Rocha S, Corre G, Boisgerault F, Paldi A, Galy A. Hypoxic culture conditions enhance the generation of regulatory T cells. Immunology 2015; 144:431-443. [PMID: 25243909 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of large amounts of induced CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (iTreg) cells is of great interest for several immunotherapy applications, therefore a better understanding of signals controlling iTreg cell differentiation and expansion is required. There is evidence that oxidative metabolism may regulate several key signalling pathways in T cells. This prompted us to investigate the effects of oxygenation on iTreg cell generation by comparing the effects of atmospheric (21%) or of low (5%) O2 concentrations on the phenotype of bead-stimulated murine splenic CD4+ T cells from Foxp3-KI-GFP T-cell receptor transgenic mice. The production of intracellular reactive oxygen species was shown to play a major role in the generation of iTreg cells, a process characterized by increased levels of Sirt1, PTEN and Glut1 on the committed cells, independently of the level of oxygenation. The suppressive function of iTreg cells generated either in atmospheric or low oxygen levels was equivalent. However, greater yields of iTreg cells were obtained under low oxygenation, resulting from a higher proliferative rate of the committed Treg cells and higher levels of Foxp3, suggesting a better stability of the differentiation process. Higher expression of Glut1 detected on iTreg cells generated under hypoxic culture conditions provides a likely explanation for the enhanced proliferation of these cells as compared to those cultured under ambient oxygen. Such results have important implications for understanding Treg cell homeostasis and developing in vitro protocols for the generation of Treg cells from naive T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi My Anh Neildez-Nguyen
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Jérémy Bigot
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Sylvie Da Rocha
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Guillaume Corre
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Florence Boisgerault
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Andràs Paldi
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Anne Galy
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
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10
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Jia G, Aroor AR, Martinez-Lemus LA, Sowers JR. Overnutrition, mTOR signaling, and cardiovascular diseases. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1198-206. [PMID: 25253086 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00262.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and associated medical disorders has increased dramatically in the United States and throughout much of the world in the past decade. Obesity, induced by excess intake of carbohydrates and fats, is a major cause of Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome. There is emerging evidence that excessive nutrient intake promotes signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which, in turn, may lead to alterations of cellular metabolic signaling leading to insulin resistance and obesity-related diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular and kidney disease, as well as cancer. While the pivotal role of mTOR signaling in regulating metabolic stress, autophagy, and adaptive immune responses has received increasing attention, there remain many gaps in our knowledge regarding this important nutrient sensor. For example, the precise cellular signaling mechanisms linking excessive nutrient intake and enhanced mTOR signaling with increased cardiovascular and kidney disease, as well as cancer, are not well understood. In this review, we focus on the effects that the interaction between excess intake of nutrients and enhanced mTOR signaling have on the promotion of obesity-associated diseases and potential therapeutic strategies involving targeting mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James R Sowers
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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Zeng H, Chi H. The interplay between regulatory T cells and metabolism in immune regulation. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26586. [PMID: 24404429 PMCID: PMC3881602 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for peripheral tolerance and are intimately involved in immunological diseases and cancer. Recent studies have highlighted a key role for Tregs in metabolic disorders, for instance as they accumulate in the adipose tissue to protect against obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance. Conversely, the generation and immunosuppressive functions of Tregs are influenced by both systemic and cellular metabolism. The nutritional status as well as metabolic cues such as those provided by leptin impinge upon the proliferation of Tregs. In addition, the mTOR-dependent lipid metabolism has a crucial role in programming the activity of Tregs under steady-state conditions as well as upon activation. This review discusses the intricate interaction between Tregs and metabolism, focusing on the roles of Tregs in systemic and local metabolic circuitries as well as on the regulation of Treg abundance and function by metabolic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zeng
- Department of Immunology; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis, TN USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis, TN USA
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White SJ, Taylor MJ, Hurt RT, Jensen MD, Poland GA. Leptin-based adjuvants: an innovative approach to improve vaccine response. Vaccine 2013; 31:1666-72. [PMID: 23370154 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is a pleiotropic hormone with multiple direct and regulatory immune functions. Leptin deficiency or resistance hinders the immunologic, metabolic, and neuroendocrinologic processes necessary to thwart infections and their associated complications, and to possibly protect against infectious diseases following vaccination. Circulating leptin levels are proportional to body fat mass. High circulating leptin concentrations, as observed in obesity, are indicative of the development of leptin transport saturation/signaling desensitization. Leptin bridges nutritional status and immunity. Although its role in vaccine response is currently unknown, over-nutrition has been shown to suppress vaccine-induced immune responses. For instance, obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)) is associated with lower antigen-specific antibody titers following influenza, hepatitis B, and tetanus vaccinations. This suggests that obesity, and possibly saturable leptin levels, are contributing factors to poor vaccine immunogenicity. While leptin-based therapies have not been investigated as vaccine adjuvants thus far, leptin's role in immunity suggests that application of these therapies is promising and worth investigation to enhance vaccine response in people with leptin signaling impairments. This review will examine the possibility of using leptin as a vaccine adjuvant by: briefly reviewing the distribution and signal transduction of leptin and its receptors; discussing the physiology of leptin with emphasis on its immune functions; reviewing the causes of attenuation of leptin signaling; and finally, providing plausible inferences for the innovative use of leptin-based pharmacotherapies as vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J White
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
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