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Cauwelier C, de Ridder I, Bultynck G. Recent advances in canonical versus non-canonical Ca 2+-signaling-related anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 functions and prospects for cancer treatment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119713. [PMID: 38521468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cell fate is tightly controlled by a continuous balance between cell survival and cell death inducing mechanisms. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-family members, composed of effectors and regulators, not only control apoptosis at the level of the mitochondria but also by impacting the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and dynamics. On the one hand, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, prevents mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) by scaffolding and neutralizing proapoptotic Bcl-2-family members via its hydrophobic cleft (region composed of BH-domain 1-3). On the other hand, Bcl-2 suppress pro-apoptotic Ca2+ signals by binding and inhibiting IP3 receptors via its BH4 domain, which is structurally exiled from the hydrophobic cleft by a flexible loop region (FLR). As such, Bcl-2 prevents excessive Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria. Whereas regulation of both pathways requires different functional regions of Bcl-2, both seem to be connected in cancers that overexpress Bcl-2 in a life-promoting dependent manner. Here we discuss the anti-apoptotic canonical and non-canonical role, via calcium signaling, of Bcl-2 in health and cancer and evolving from this the proposed anti-cancer therapies with their shortcomings. We also argue how some cancers, with the major focus on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are difficult to treat, although theoretically prime marked for Bcl-2-targeting therapeutics. Further work is needed to understand the non-canonical functions of Bcl-2 also at organelles beyond the mitochondria, the interaction partners outside the Bcl-2 family as well as their ability to target or exploit these functions as therapeutic strategies in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Cauwelier
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ian de Ridder
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Zhang Z, Bai L, Hou L, Deng H, Luan S, Liu D, Huang M, Zhao L. Trends in targeting Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins for cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Song N, Yang M, Zhang H, Yang SK. Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis and Kidney Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3647-3665. [PMID: 33138745 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201102114257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kidney disease is a serious health problem that burdens our healthcare system. It is crucial to find the accurate pathogenesis of various types of kidney disease to provide guidance for precise therapies for patients suffering from these diseases. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases have not been fully understood. Disturbance of calcium homeostasis in renal cells plays a fundamental role in the development of various types of kidney disease, such as primary glomerular disease, diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury and polycystic kidney disease, through promoting cell proliferation, stimulating extracellular matrix accumulation, aggravating podocyte injury, disrupting cellular energetics as well as dysregulating cell survival and death dynamics. As a result, preventing the disturbance of calcium homeostasis in specific renal cells (such as tubular cells, podocytes and mesangial cells) is becoming one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in the treatment of kidney disease. The endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are two vital organelles in this process. Calcium ions cycle between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria at the conjugation of these two organelles known as the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane, maintaining calcium homeostasis. The pharmacologic modulation of cellular calcium homeostasis can be viewed as a novel therapeutic method for renal diseases. Here, we will introduce calcium homeostasis under physiological conditions and the disturbance of calcium homeostasis in kidney diseases. We will focus on the calcium homeostasis regulation in renal cells (including tubular cells, podocytes and mesangial cells), especially in the mitochondria- associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes of these renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shi-Kun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Yu S, Gao L, Song Y, Ma X, Liang S, Lan H, Zheng X, Li S. Glycine ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction caused by ABT-199 in porcine oocytes. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6158981. [PMID: 33687436 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role in controlling oocyte developmental competence. Our previous studies showed that glycine (Gly) can regulate mitochondrial function and improve oocyte maturation in vitro. However, the mechanisms by which Gly affects mitochondrial function during oocyte maturation in vitro have not been fully investigated. In this study, we induced a mitochondrial damage model in oocytes with the Bcl-2-specific antagonist ABT-199. We investigated whether Gly could reverse the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by ABT-199 exposure and whether it is related to calcium regulation. Our results showed that ABT-199 inhibited cumulus expansion, decreased the oocyte maturation rate and the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, caused mitochondrial dysfunction, which was confirmed by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and the expression of mitochondrial function-related genes PGC-1α, and increased reactiveoxygenspecies (ROS) levelsand the expression of apoptosis-associated genes Bax, Caspase-3, and Cyto C.More importantly, ABT-199-treated oocytes showed an increase in the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and had impaired cortical type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R1) distribution. Nevertheless, treatment with Gly significantly ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, and Gly also regulated [Ca2+]i levels and IP3R1 cellular distribution, which further protects oocyte maturation in ABT-199-induced porcine oocytes.Taken together, our results indicate that Gly has a protective action against ABT-199-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in porcine oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lepeng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yang Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hainan Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Suo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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5
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Callens M, Kraskovskaya N, Derevtsova K, Annaert W, Bultynck G, Bezprozvanny I, Vervliet T. The role of Bcl-2 proteins in modulating neuronal Ca 2+ signaling in health and in Alzheimer's disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118997. [PMID: 33711363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The family of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) proteins exerts key functions in cellular health. Bcl-2 primarily acts in mitochondria where it controls the initiation of apoptosis. However, during the last decades, it has become clear that this family of proteins is also involved in controlling intracellular Ca2+ signaling, a critical process for the function of most cell types, including neurons. Several anti- and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members are expressed in neurons and impact neuronal function. Importantly, expression levels of neuronal Bcl-2 proteins are affected by age. In this review, we focus on the emerging roles of Bcl-2 proteins in neuronal cells. Specifically, we discuss how their dysregulation contributes to the onset, development, and progression of neurodegeneration in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aberrant Ca2+ signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, and we propose that dysregulation of the Bcl-2-Ca2+ signaling axis may contribute to the progression of AD and that herein, Bcl-2 may constitute a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Callens
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nina Kraskovskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kristina Derevtsova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research & KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Rm 7.357, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Tim Vervliet
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Verma A. VDAC1 at the Intersection of Cell Metabolism, Apoptosis, and Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1485. [PMID: 33114780 PMCID: PMC7693975 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) protein, is an important regulator of mitochondrial function, and serves as a mitochondrial gatekeeper, with responsibility for cellular fate. In addition to control over energy sources and metabolism, the protein also regulates epigenomic elements and apoptosis via mediating the release of apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria. Apoptotic and pathological conditions, as well as certain viruses, induce cell death by inducing VDAC1 overexpression leading to oligomerization, and the formation of a large channel within the VDAC1 homo-oligomer. This then permits the release of pro-apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria and subsequent apoptosis. Mitochondrial DNA can also be released through this channel, which triggers type-Ι interferon responses. VDAC1 also participates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria cross-talk, and in the regulation of autophagy, and inflammation. Its location in the outer mitochondrial membrane, makes VDAC1 ideally placed to interact with over 100 proteins, and to orchestrate the interaction of mitochondrial and cellular activities through a number of signaling pathways. Here, we provide insights into the multiple functions of VDAC1 and describe its involvement in several diseases, which demonstrate the potential of this protein as a druggable target in a wide variety of pathologies, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.S.-K.); (A.V.)
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Probing Gallate-Mediated Selectivity and High-Affinity Binding of Epigallocatechin Gallate: a Way-Forward in the Design of Selective Inhibitors for Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:1061-1080. [PMID: 30155742 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition is a key focus in the design of chemotherapeutic compounds that can abrogate the oncogenic activities of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. Although recent efforts have led to the development of highly selective BH3 mimetics, setbacks such as toxicities have limited their use in cancer therapy. Epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) has been widely reported to selectively inhibit Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL compared to other green tea phenols due to its gallate group. Herein, we investigate the interaction dynamics of EGCG at the hydrophobic grooves of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and the consequential effects on their BH4 domains. Arg143 and Asp108 (Bcl-2), and Glu96 and Tyr195 (Bcl-xL) formed high-affinity hydrogen interactions with the gallate group while non-gallate groups of EGCG formed weak interactions. EGCG-bound proteins showed systemic perturbations of BH4 domains coupled with the burial of crucial surface-exposed residues such as Lys17 (Bcl-2) and Asp11 (Bcl-xL); hence, a distortion of non-canonical domain interactions. Interactions of gallate group of EGCG with key hydrophobic groove residues underlie EGCG selectivity while concurrent BH4 domain perturbations potentiate EGCG inhibitory activities. Findings will aid the optimization and design of selective inhibitors that could suppress anti-apoptotic activities of Bcl2-family proteins with minimal toxicities.
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8
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Ivanova H, Ritaine A, Wagner L, Luyten T, Shapovalov G, Welkenhuyzen K, Seitaj B, Monaco G, De Smedt H, Prevarskaya N, Yule DI, Parys JB, Bultynck G. The trans-membrane domain of Bcl-2α, but not its hydrophobic cleft, is a critical determinant for efficient IP3 receptor inhibition. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55704-55720. [PMID: 27494888 PMCID: PMC5342447 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein is emerging as an efficient inhibitor of IP3R function, contributing to its oncogenic properties. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain not fully understood. Using mutations or pharmacological inhibition to antagonize Bcl-2's hydrophobic cleft, we excluded this functional domain as responsible for Bcl-2-mediated IP3Rs inhibition. In contrast, the deletion of the C-terminus, containing the trans-membrane domain, which is only present in Bcl-2α, but not in Bcl-2β, led to impaired inhibition of IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release and staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Strikingly, the trans-membrane domain was sufficient for IP3R binding and inhibition. We therefore propose a novel model, in which the Bcl-2's C-terminus serves as a functional anchor, which beyond mere ER-membrane targeting, underlies efficient IP3R inhibition by (i) positioning the BH4 domain in the close proximity of its binding site on IP3R, thus facilitating their interaction; (ii) inhibiting IP3R-channel openings through a direct interaction with the C-terminal region of the channel downstream of the channel-pore. Finally, since the hydrophobic cleft of Bcl-2 was not involved in IP3R suppression, our findings indicate that ABT-199 does not interfere with IP3R regulation by Bcl-2 and its mechanism of action as a cell-death therapeutic in cancer cells likely does not involve Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Ivanova
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abigael Ritaine
- Inserm U-1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer et LABEX (Laboratoire d'excellence), Université Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Larry Wagner
- University of Rochester Medical Center School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Tomas Luyten
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - George Shapovalov
- Inserm U-1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer et LABEX (Laboratoire d'excellence), Université Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Kirsten Welkenhuyzen
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruno Seitaj
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Monaco
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Humbert De Smedt
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Inserm U-1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer et LABEX (Laboratoire d'excellence), Université Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - David I Yule
- University of Rochester Medical Center School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jan B Parys
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Ando H, Kawaai K, Bonneau B, Mikoshiba K. Remodeling of Ca 2+ signaling in cancer: Regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors through oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 68:64-76. [PMID: 29287955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The calcium ion (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous intracellular signaling molecule that regulates diverse physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Increasing evidence indicates that oncogenes and tumor suppressors regulate the Ca2+ transport systems. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs) are IP3-activated Ca2+ release channels located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They play pivotal roles in the regulation of cell death and survival by controlling Ca2+ transfer from the ER to mitochondria through mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). Optimal levels of Ca2+ mobilization to mitochondria are necessary for mitochondrial bioenergetics, whereas excessive Ca2+ flux into mitochondria causes loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity and apoptotic cell death. In addition to well-known functions on outer mitochondrial membranes, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins are localized on the ER and regulate IP3Rs to control Ca2+ transfer into mitochondria. Another regulatory protein of IP3R, IP3R-binding protein released with IP3 (IRBIT), cooperates with or counteracts the Bcl-2 family member depending on cellular states. Furthermore, several oncogenes and tumor suppressors, including Akt, K-Ras, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), BRCA1, and BRCA1 associated protein 1 (BAP1), are localized on the ER or at MAMs and negatively or positively regulate apoptotic cell death through interactions with IP3Rs and regulation of Ca2+ dynamics. The remodeling of Ca2+ signaling by oncogenes and tumor suppressors that interact with IP3Rs has fundamental roles in the pathology of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Ando
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiro Kawaai
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Benjamin Bonneau
- Institute NeuroMyoGene (INMG), CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Gregor Mendel building, 16, rue Raphaël Dubois, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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Vervloessem T, Akl H, Tousseyn T, De Smedt H, Parys JB, Bultynck G. Reciprocal sensitivity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells to Bcl-2 inhibitors BIRD-2 versus venetoclax. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111656-111671. [PMID: 29340082 PMCID: PMC5762350 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 is often upregulated in cancers to neutralize the BH3-only protein Bim at the mitochondria. BH3 mimetics (e.g. ABT-199 (venetoclax)) kill cancer cells by targeting Bcl-2's hydrophobic cleft and disrupting Bcl-2/Bim complexes. Some cancers with elevated Bcl-2 display poor responses towards BH3 mimetics, suggesting an additional function for anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in these cancers. Indeed, Bcl-2 via its BH4 domain prevents cytotoxic Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by directly inhibiting the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R). The cell-permeable Bcl-2/IP3R disruptor-2 (BIRD-2) peptide can kill these Bcl-2-dependent cancers by targeting Bcl-2's BH4 domain, unleashing pro-apoptotic Ca2+-release events. We compared eight "primed to death" diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines (DLBCL) for their apoptotic sensitivity towards BIRD-2 and venetoclax. By determining their IC50 using cytometric cell-death analysis, we discovered a reciprocal sensitivity towards venetoclax versus BIRD-2. Using immunoblotting, we quantified the expression levels of IP3R2 and Bim in DLBCL cell lysates, revealing that BIRD-2 sensitivity correlated with IP3R2 levels but not with Bim levels. Moreover, the requirement of intracellular Ca2+ for BIRD-2- versus venetoclax-induced cell death was different. Indeed, BAPTA-AM suppressed BIRD-2-induced cell death, but promoted venetoclax-induced cell death in DLBCL cells. Finally, compared to single-agent treatments, combining BIRD-2 with venetoclax synergistically enhanced cell-death induction, correlating with a Ca2+-dependent upregulation of Bim after BIRD-2 treatment. Our findings suggest that some cancer cells require Bcl-2 proteins at the mitochondria, preventing Bax activation via its hydrophobic cleft, while others require Bcl-2 proteins at the ER, preventing cytotoxic Ca2+-signaling events via its BH4 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Vervloessem
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Haidar Akl
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Leuven, Belgium.,Current/Present address: Lebanese University, Department of Biology, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- KU Leuven, Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Humbert De Smedt
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
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BCL-2 family proteins: changing partners in the dance towards death. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:65-80. [PMID: 29149100 PMCID: PMC5729540 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 927] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The BCL-2 family of proteins controls cell death primarily by direct binding interactions that regulate mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) leading to the irreversible release of intermembrane space proteins, subsequent caspase activation and apoptosis. The affinities and relative abundance of the BCL-2 family proteins dictate the predominate interactions between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins that regulate MOMP. We highlight the core mechanisms of BCL-2 family regulation of MOMP with an emphasis on how the interactions between the BCL-2 family proteins govern cell fate. We address the critical importance of both the concentration and affinities of BCL-2 family proteins and show how differences in either can greatly change the outcome. Further, we explain the importance of using full-length BCL-2 family proteins (versus truncated versions or peptides) to parse out the core mechanisms of MOMP regulation by the BCL-2 family. Finally, we discuss how post-translational modifications and differing intracellular localizations alter the mechanisms of apoptosis regulation by BCL-2 family proteins. Successful therapeutic intervention of MOMP regulation in human disease requires an understanding of the factors that mediate the major binding interactions between BCL-2 family proteins in cells.
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12
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Pfeiffer A, Schneider J, Bueno D, Dolga A, Voss TD, Lewerenz J, Wüllner V, Methner A. Bcl-x L knockout attenuates mitochondrial respiration and causes oxidative stress that is compensated by pentose phosphate pathway activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:350-359. [PMID: 28807815 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-xL is an anti-apoptotic protein that localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane and influences mitochondrial bioenergetics by controlling Ca2+ influx into mitochondria. Here, we analyzed the effect of mitochondrial Bcl-xL on mitochondrial shape and function in knockout (KO), wild type and rescued mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines. Mitochondria of KO cells were more fragmented, exhibited a reduced ATP concentration, and reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) suggesting an increased importance of ATP generation by other means. Under steady-state conditions, acidification of the growth medium as a readout for glycolysis was similar, but upon inhibition of ATP synthase with oligomycin, KO cells displayed an instant increase in glycolysis. In addition, forced energy production through OXPHOS by replacing glucose with galactose in the growth medium rendered KO cells more susceptible to mitochondrial toxins. KO cells had increased cellular reactive oxygen species and were more susceptible to oxidative stress, but had higher glutathione levels, which were however more rapidly consumed under conditions of oxidative stress. This coincided with an increased activity and protein abundance of the pentose phosphate pathway protein glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which generates NADPH necessary to regenerate reduced glutathione. KO cells were also less susceptible to pharmacological inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway. We conclude that mitochondrial Bcl-xL is involved in maintaining mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Its deficiency causes oxidative stress, which is associated with an increased glycolytic capacity and balanced by an increased activity of the pentose phosphate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Pfeiffer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Diones Bueno
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Amalia Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Timo-Daniel Voss
- Universitäts, und Rehabilitationskliniken Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Lewerenz
- Universitäts, und Rehabilitationskliniken Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel Methner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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13
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Shapovalov G, Ritaine A, Bidaux G, Slomianny C, Borowiec AS, Gordienko D, Bultynck G, Skryma R, Prevarskaya N. Organelle membrane derived patches: reshaping classical methods for new targets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14082. [PMID: 29074990 PMCID: PMC5658434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular ion channels are involved in multiple signaling processes, including such crucial ones as regulation of cellular motility and fate. With 95% of the cellular membrane belonging to intracellular organelles, it is hard to overestimate the importance of intracellular ion channels. Multiple studies have been performed on these channels over the years, however, a unified approach allowing not only to characterize their activity but also to study their regulation by partner proteins, analogous to the patch clamp “golden standard”, is lacking. Here, we present a universal approach that combines the extraction of intracellular membrane fractions with the preparation of patchable substrates that allows to characterize these channels in endogenous protein environment and to study their regulation by partner proteins. We validate this method by characterizing activity of multiple intracellular ion channels localized to different organelles and by providing detailed electrophysiological characterization of the regulation of IP3R activity by endogenous Bcl-2. Thus, after synthesis and reshaping of the well-established approaches, organelle membrane derived patch clamp provides the means to assess ion channels from arbitrary cellular membranes at the single channel level.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Shapovalov
- Inserm U1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université de Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics; Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Abigaël Ritaine
- Inserm U1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université de Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics; Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- Inserm U1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université de Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics; Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Laboratoire INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 8, avenue Rockfeller, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Christian Slomianny
- Inserm U1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université de Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics; Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Borowiec
- Inserm U1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université de Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics; Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Laboratoire INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 8, avenue Rockfeller, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Dmitri Gordienko
- Inserm U1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université de Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics; Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herestraat 49, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roman Skryma
- Inserm U1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université de Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics; Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Inserm U1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université de Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. .,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics; Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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14
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Gabellini C, Trisciuoglio D, Del Bufalo D. Non-canonical roles of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins: relevance of BH4 domain. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:579-587. [PMID: 28203756 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 protein family is constituted by multidomain members originally identified as modulators of programmed cell death and whose expression is frequently misbalanced in cancer cells. The lead member Bcl-2 and its homologue Bcl-xL proteins are characterized by the presence of all four conserved BH domain and exert their antiapoptotic role mainly through the involvement of BH1, BH2 and BH3 homology domains, that mediate the interaction with the proapoptotic members of the same Bcl-2 family. The N-terminal BH4 domain of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL is responsible for the interaction with other proteins that do not belong to Bcl-2 protein family. Beyond a classical role in inhibiting apoptosis, BH4 domain has been characterized as a crucial regulator of other important cellular functions attributed to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, including proliferation, autophagy, differentiation, DNA repair, cell migration, tumor progression and angiogenesis. During the last two decades a strong effort has been made to dissect the molecular pathways involved the capability of BH4 domain to regulate the canonical antiapoptotic and the non-canonical activities of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, creating the basis for the development of novel anticancer agents targeting this domain. Indeed, recent evidences obtained on in vitro and in vivo model of different cancer histotypes are confirming the promising therapeutic potential of BH4 domain inhibitors supporting their future employment as a novel anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gabellini
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy and.,Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
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15
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Vervliet T, Clerix E, Seitaj B, Ivanova H, Monaco G, Bultynck G. Modulation of Ca 2+ Signaling by Anti-apoptotic B-Cell Lymphoma 2 Proteins at the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial Interface. Front Oncol 2017; 7:75. [PMID: 28516063 PMCID: PMC5413508 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important regulators of cell death and cell survival. Mitochondrial Ca2+ levels are critically involved in both of these processes. On the one hand, excessive mitochondrial Ca2+ leads to Ca2+-induced mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and thus apoptosis. On the other hand, mitochondria need Ca2+ in order to efficiently fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle and maintain adequate mitochondrial bioenergetics. For obtaining this Ca2+, the mitochondria are largely dependent on close contact sites with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the so-called mitochondria-associated ER membranes. There, the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors are responsible for the Ca2+ release from the ER. It comes as no surprise that this Ca2+ release from the ER and the subsequent Ca2+ uptake at the mitochondria are finely regulated. Cancer cells often modulate ER-Ca2+ transfer to the mitochondria in order to promote cell survival and to inhibit cell death. Important regulators of these Ca2+ signals and the onset of cancer are the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins. An increasing number of reports highlight the ability of these Bcl-2-protein family members to finely regulate Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria both in healthy cells and in cancer. In this review, we focus on recent insights into the dynamic regulation of ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes by Bcl-2-family members and how this impacts cell survival, cell death and mitochondrial energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vervliet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Clerix
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruno Seitaj
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hristina Ivanova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Monaco
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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The apoptotic members CD95, BclxL, and Bcl-2 cooperate to promote cell migration by inducing Ca(2+) flux from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1702-16. [PMID: 27367565 PMCID: PMC5041197 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloprotease-processed CD95L (cl-CD95L) is a soluble cytokine that implements a PI3K/Ca2+ signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Accordingly, high levels of cl-CD95L in TNBC women correlate with poor prognosis, and administration of this ligand in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model accelerates the metastatic dissemination of TNBC cells. The molecular mechanism underlying CD95-mediated cell migration remains unknown. Here, we present genetic and pharmacologic evidence that the anti-apoptotic molecules BclxL and Bcl-2 and the pro-apoptotic factors BAD and BID cooperate to promote migration of TNBC cells stimulated with cl-CD95L. BclxL was distributed in both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrion membranes. The mitochondrion-localized isoform promoted cell migration by interacting with voltage-dependent anion channel 1 to orchestrate Ca2+ transfer from the ER to mitochondria in a BH3-dependent manner. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter contributed to this flux, which favored ATP production and cell migration. In conclusion, this study reveals a novel molecular mechanism controlled by BclxL to promote cancer cell migration and supports the use of BH3 mimetics as therapeutic options not only to kill tumor cells but also to prevent metastatic dissemination in TNBCs.
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17
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Bcl-2 proteins and calcium signaling: complexity beneath the surface. Oncogene 2016; 35:5079-92. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Bcl-2 and FKBP12 bind to IP3 and ryanodine receptors at overlapping sites: the complexity of protein-protein interactions for channel regulation. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 43:396-404. [PMID: 26009182 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The 12- and 12.6-kDa FK506-binding proteins, FKBP12 (12-kDa FK506-binding protein) and FKBP12.6 (12.6-kDa FK506-binding protein), have been implicated in the binding to and the regulation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), both tetrameric intracellular Ca2+-release channels. Whereas the amino acid sequences responsible for FKBP12 binding to RyRs are conserved in IP3Rs, FKBP12 binding to IP3Rs has been questioned and could not be observed in various experimental models. Nevertheless, conservation of these residues in the different IP3R isoforms and during evolution suggested that they could harbour an important regulatory site critical for IP3R-channel function. Recently, it has become clear that in IP3Rs, this site was targeted by B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) via its Bcl-2 homology (BH)4 domain, thereby dampening IP3R-mediated Ca2+ flux and preventing pro-apoptotic Ca2+ signalling. Furthermore, vice versa, the presence of the corresponding site in RyRs implied that Bcl-2 proteins could associate with and regulate RyR channels. Recently, the existence of endogenous RyR-Bcl-2 complexes has been identified in primary hippocampal neurons. Like for IP3Rs, binding of Bcl-2 to RyRs also involved its BH4 domain and suppressed RyR-mediated Ca2+ release. We therefore propose that the originally identified FKBP12-binding site in IP3Rs is a region critical for controlling IP3R-mediated Ca2+ flux by recruiting Bcl-2 rather than FKBP12. Although we hypothesize that anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, but not FKBP12, are the main physiological inhibitors of IP3Rs, we cannot exclude that Bcl-2 could help engaging FKBP12 (or other FKBP isoforms) to the IP3R, potentially via calcineurin.
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19
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Targeting TRPM2 Channels Impairs Radiation-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Fosters Cell Death of T Cell Leukemia Cells in a Bcl-2-Dependent Manner. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:8026702. [PMID: 26839633 PMCID: PMC4709732 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8026702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Messenger RNA data of lymphohematopoietic cancer lines suggest a correlation between expression of the cation channel TRPM2 and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. The latter is overexpressed in various tumor entities and mediates therapy resistance. Here, we analyzed the crosstalk between Bcl-2 and TRPM2 channels in T cell leukemia cells during oxidative stress as conferred by ionizing radiation (IR). To this end, the effects of TRPM2 inhibition or knock-down on plasma membrane currents, Ca2+ signaling, mitochondrial superoxide anion formation, and cell cycle progression were compared between irradiated (0–10 Gy) Bcl-2-overexpressing and empty vector-transfected Jurkat cells. As a result, IR stimulated a TRPM2-mediated Ca2+-entry, which was higher in Bcl-2-overexpressing than in control cells and which contributed to IR-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. TRPM2 inhibition induced a release from G2/M arrest resulting in cell death. Collectively, this data suggests a pivotal function of TRPM2 in the DNA damage response of T cell leukemia cells. Apoptosis-resistant Bcl-2-overexpressing cells even can afford higher TRPM2 activity without risking a hazardous Ca2+-overload-induced mitochondrial superoxide anion formation.
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20
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Wesselborg S, Stork B. Autophagy signal transduction by ATG proteins: from hierarchies to networks. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4721-57. [PMID: 26390974 PMCID: PMC4648967 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy represents an intracellular degradation process which is involved in both cellular homeostasis and disease settings. In the last two decades, the molecular machinery governing this process has been characterized in detail. To date, several key factors regulating this intracellular degradation process have been identified. The so-called autophagy-related (ATG) genes and proteins are central to this process. However, several additional molecules contribute to the outcome of an autophagic response. Several review articles describing the molecular process of autophagy have been published in the recent past. In this review article we would like to add the most recent findings to this knowledge, and to give an overview of the network character of the autophagy signaling machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wesselborg
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr. 1, Building 23.12, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr. 1, Building 23.12, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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21
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Liu Z, Wild C, Ding Y, Ye N, Chen H, Wold EA, Zhou J. BH4 domain of Bcl-2 as a novel target for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:989-96. [PMID: 26631752 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) proteins is associated with therapy resistance in various human cancers. Traditional approaches target the Bcl-2 homology (BH)3 domain of Bcl-2; however, the BH4 domain represents a superior therapeutic target in light of its unique structure and crucial involvement in many cellular functions. In this critical review, we focus on the structural and functional basis of targeting the BH4 domain of Bcl-2, and highlight the recent advances in drug discovery efforts toward small-molecule BH4 domain inhibitors (e.g. BDA-366). The proof-of-concept studies support the hypothesis that targeting the BH4 domain of Bcl-2 holds promise to offer a novel anticancer therapy through the induction of apoptosis and an increased potential to overcome therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Christopher Wild
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ye Ding
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Na Ye
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Eric A Wold
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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22
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Vervliet T, Lemmens I, Vandermarliere E, Decrock E, Ivanova H, Monaco G, Sorrentino V, Kasri NN, Missiaen L, Martens L, De Smedt H, Leybaert L, Parys JB, Tavernier J, Bultynck G. Ryanodine receptors are targeted by anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL involving its BH4 domain and Lys87 from its BH3 domain. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9641. [PMID: 25872771 PMCID: PMC4397538 DOI: 10.1038/srep09641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family members target several intracellular Ca(2+)-transport systems. Bcl-2, via its N-terminal Bcl-2 homology (BH) 4 domain, inhibits both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs), while Bcl-XL, likely independently of its BH4 domain, sensitizes IP3Rs. It remains elusive whether Bcl-XL can also target and modulate RyRs. Here, Bcl-XL co-immunoprecipitated with RyR3 expressed in HEK293 cells. Mammalian protein-protein interaction trap (MAPPIT) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) showed that Bcl-XL bound to the central domain of RyR3 via its BH4 domain, although to a lesser extent compared to the BH4 domain of Bcl-2. Consistent with the ability of the BH4 domain of Bcl-XL to bind to RyRs, loading the BH4-Bcl-XL peptide into RyR3-overexpressing HEK293 cells or in rat hippocampal neurons suppressed RyR-mediated Ca(2+) release. In silico superposition of the 3D-structures of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL indicated that Lys87 of the BH3 domain of Bcl-XL could be important for interacting with RyRs. In contrast to Bcl-XL, the Bcl-XL(K87D) mutant displayed lower binding affinity for RyR3 and a reduced inhibition of RyR-mediated Ca(2+) release. These data suggest that Bcl-XL binds to RyR channels via its BH4 domain, but also its BH3 domain, more specific Lys87, contributes to the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vervliet
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irma Lemmens
- University of Gent, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Elien Vandermarliere
- University of Gent, Computational Omics and Systems Biology Group, VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Elke Decrock
- University of Gent, Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Hristina Ivanova
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Monaco
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- University of Siena, Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, and Interuniversitary Institute of Myology, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Human Genetics, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig Missiaen
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lennart Martens
- University of Gent, Computational Omics and Systems Biology Group, VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Humbert De Smedt
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- University of Gent, Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jan B. Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- University of Gent, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Oxidative stress-induced apoptotic insults to rat osteoblasts are attenuated by nitric oxide pretreatment via GATA-5-involved regulation of Bcl-X L gene expression and protein translocation. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:905-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Monaco G, Decrock E, Arbel N, van Vliet AR, La Rovere RM, De Smedt H, Parys JB, Agostinis P, Leybaert L, Shoshan-Barmatz V, Bultynck G. The BH4 domain of anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL, but not that of the related Bcl-2, limits the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1)-mediated transfer of pro-apoptotic Ca2+ signals to mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9150-61. [PMID: 25681439 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.622514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive Ca(2+) fluxes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria result in apoptotic cell death. Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL proteins exert part of their anti-apoptotic function by directly targeting Ca(2+)-transport systems, like the endoplasmic reticulum-localized inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) at the outer mitochondrial membranes. We previously demonstrated that the Bcl-2 homology 4 (BH4) domain of Bcl-2 protects against Ca(2+)-dependent apoptosis by binding and inhibiting IP3Rs, although the BH4 domain of Bcl-XL was protective independently of binding IP3Rs. Here, we report that in contrast to the BH4 domain of Bcl-2, the BH4 domain of Bcl-XL binds and inhibits VDAC1. In intact cells, delivery of the BH4-Bcl-XL peptide via electroporation limits agonist-induced mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and protects against staurosporine-induced apoptosis, in line with the results obtained with VDAC1(-/-) cells. Moreover, the delivery of the N-terminal domain of VDAC1 as a synthetic peptide (VDAC1-NP) abolishes the ability of BH4-Bcl-XL to suppress mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and to protect against apoptosis. Importantly, VDAC1-NP did not affect the ability of BH4-Bcl-2 to suppress agonist-induced Ca(2+) release in the cytosol or to prevent apoptosis, as done instead by an IP3R-derived peptide. In conclusion, our data indicate that the BH4 domain of Bcl-XL, but not that of Bcl-2, selectively targets VDAC1 and inhibits apoptosis by decreasing VDAC1-mediated Ca(2+) uptake into the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monaco
- From the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Elke Decrock
- the Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nir Arbel
- the Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, and
| | - Alexander R van Vliet
- Laboratory of Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita M La Rovere
- From the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, "G. D'annunzio" University, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Humbert De Smedt
- From the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Jan B Parys
- From the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Laboratory of Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- the Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- the Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, and
| | - Geert Bultynck
- From the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
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25
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Vervloessem T, Yule DI, Bultynck G, Parys JB. The type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, emerging functions for an intriguing Ca²⁺-release channel. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:1992-2005. [PMID: 25499268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) type 2 (IP3R2) is an intracellular Ca²⁺-release channel located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). IP3R2 is characterized by a high sensitivity to both IP3 and ATP and is biphasically regulated by Ca²⁺. Furthermore, IP3R2 is modulated by various protein kinases. In addition to its regulation by protein kinase A, IP3R2 forms a complex with adenylate cyclase 6 and is directly regulated by cAMP. Finally, in the ER, IP3R2 is less mobile than the other IP3R isoforms, while its functional properties appear dominant in heterotetramers. These properties make the IP3R2 a Ca²⁺ channel with exquisite properties for setting up intracellular Ca²⁺ signals with unique characteristics. IP3R2 plays a crucial role in the function of secretory cell types (e.g. pancreatic acinar cells, hepatocytes, salivary gland, eccrine sweat gland). In cardiac myocytes, the role of IP3R2 appears more complex, because, together with IP3R1, it is needed for normal cardiogenesis, while its aberrant activity is implicated in cardiac hypertrophy and arrhythmias. Most importantly, its high sensitivity to IP3 makes IP3R2 a target for anti-apoptotic proteins (e.g. Bcl-2) in B-cell cancers. Disrupting IP3R/Bcl-2 interaction therefore leads in those cells to increased Ca²⁺ release and apoptosis. Intriguingly, IP3R2 is not only implicated in apoptosis but also in the induction of senescence, another tumour-suppressive mechanism. These results were the first to unravel the physiological and pathophysiological role of IP3R2 and we anticipate that further progress will soon be made in understanding the function of IP3R2 in various tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Vervloessem
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David I Yule
- University of Rochester, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium.
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate and its effect on glucose deprivation/glucose reload stress: from gene expression to neuronal survival. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1300-8. [PMID: 25056275 PMCID: PMC4434862 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase-1 (Sphk1-1, EC 2.7.1.91) is a regulator of pro-survival signalling, and its alterations have been observed in Alzheimer’s disease, brain ischemia and other neurological disorders. In this study we addressed the question whether Sphk1 and its product, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), play a significant role in glucose deprivation (GD)/glucose reload (GR) stress in hippocampal neuronal cells (HT22). It was found that GD (6 h) followed by 24 h of GR evoked enhancement of the free radical level and neuronal HT22 cell death. Moreover, the significantly stronger gene expression for the pro-apoptotic Bax protein and down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL proteins were observed. Concomitantly, this stress up-regulated: gene expression, protein level and activity of Sphk1. Exogenous S1P at 1 μM concentration and the other agonists of the S1P1 receptor (SEW 2871 and P-FTY720) enhanced HT22 cell viability affected by GD/GR stress. This mechanism is mediated by S1P receptor(s) signalling and by the activation of gene expression for Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Summarising, our data suggest that sphingolipid metabolism may play an important role in the early events that take place in neuronal cell survival/death under GD/GR stress. Our data demonstrate that exogenous S1P, through the activation of specific receptors S1P1 and S1P3 signalling pathways, regulates the gene expression for anti-apoptotic proteins and enhances neuronal cell survival affected by GD/GR stress.
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27
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Akl H, Vervloessem T, Kiviluoto S, Bittremieux M, Parys JB, De Smedt H, Bultynck G. A dual role for the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in cancer: mitochondria versus endoplasmic reticulum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2240-52. [PMID: 24768714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 contributes to cancer formation and progression by promoting the survival of altered cells. Hence, it is a prime target for novel specific anti-cancer therapeutics. In addition to its canonical anti-apoptotic role, Bcl-2 has an inhibitory effect on cell-cycle progression. Bcl-2 acts at two different intracellular compartments, the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). At the mitochondria, Bcl-2 via its hydrophobic cleft scaffolds the Bcl-2-homology (BH) domain 3 (BH3) of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-family members. Small molecules (like BH3 mimetics) can disrupt this interaction, resulting in apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. At the ER, Bcl-2 modulates Ca(2+) signaling, thereby promoting proliferation while increasing resistance to apoptosis. Bcl-2 at the ER acts via its N-terminal BH4 domain, which directly binds and inhibits the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), the main intracellular Ca(2+)-release channel. Tools targeting the BH4 domain of Bcl-2 reverse Bcl-2's inhibitory action on IP3Rs and trigger pro-apoptotic Ca(2+) signaling in cancer B-cells, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. The sensitivity of DLBCL cells to BH4-domain targeting tools strongly correlated with the expression levels of the IP3R2 channel, the IP3R isoform with the highest affinity for IP3. Interestingly, bio-informatic analysis of a database of primary CLL patient cells also revealed a transcriptional upregulation of IP3R2. Finally, this review proposes a model, in which cancer cell survival depends on Bcl-2 at the mitochondria and/or the ER. This dependence likely will have an impact on their responses to BH3-mimetic drugs and BH4-domain targeting tools. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium signaling in health and disease. Guest Editors: Geert Bultynck, Jacques Haiech, Claus W. Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, and Marc Moreau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidar Akl
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tamara Vervloessem
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Santeri Kiviluoto
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mart Bittremieux
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Humbert De Smedt
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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28
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De Bock M, Decrock E, Wang N, Bol M, Vinken M, Bultynck G, Leybaert L. The dual face of connexin-based astroglial Ca(2+) communication: a key player in brain physiology and a prime target in pathology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2211-32. [PMID: 24768716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For decades, studies have been focusing on the neuronal abnormalities that accompany neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, glial cells are emerging as important players in numerous neurological diseases. Astrocytes, the main type of glia in the central nervous system , form extensive networks that physically and functionally connect neuronal synapses with cerebral blood vessels. Normal brain functioning strictly depends on highly specialized cellular cross-talk between these different partners to which Ca(2+), as a signaling ion, largely contributes. Altered intracellular Ca(2+) levels are associated with neurodegenerative disorders and play a crucial role in the glial responses to injury. Intracellular Ca(2+) increases in single astrocytes can be propagated toward neighboring cells as intercellular Ca(2+) waves, thereby recruiting a larger group of cells. Intercellular Ca(2+) wave propagation depends on two, parallel, connexin (Cx) channel-based mechanisms: i) the diffusion of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate through gap junction channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells, and ii) the release of paracrine messengers such as glutamate and ATP through hemichannels ('half of a gap junction channel'). This review gives an overview of the current knowledge on Cx-mediated Ca(2+) communication among astrocytes as well as between astrocytes and other brain cell types in physiology and pathology, with a focus on the processes of neurodegeneration and reactive gliosis. Research on Cx-mediated astroglial Ca(2+) communication may ultimately shed light on the development of targeted therapies for neurodegenerative disorders in which astrocytes participate. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium signaling in health and disease. Guest Editors: Geert Bultynck, Jacques Haiech, Claus W. Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, and Marc Moreau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke De Bock
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Decrock
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mélissa Bol
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, KULeuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Ivanova H, Vervliet T, Missiaen L, Parys JB, De Smedt H, Bultynck G. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-isoform diversity in cell death and survival. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2164-83. [PMID: 24642269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell-death and -survival decisions are critically controlled by intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and dynamics at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs) play a pivotal role in these processes by mediating Ca(2+) flux from the ER into the cytosol and mitochondria. Hence, it is clear that many pro-survival and pro-death signaling pathways and proteins affect Ca(2+) signaling by directly targeting IP3R channels, which can happen in an IP3R-isoform-dependent manner. In this review, we will focus on how the different IP3R isoforms (IP3R1, IP3R2 and IP3R3) control cell death and survival. First, we will present an overview of the isoform-specific regulation of IP3Rs by cellular factors like IP3, Ca(2+), Ca(2+)-binding proteins, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), thiol modification, phosphorylation and interacting proteins, and of IP3R-isoform specific expression patterns. Second, we will discuss the role of the ER as a Ca(2+) store in cell death and survival and how IP3Rs and pro-survival/pro-death proteins can modulate the basal ER Ca(2+) leak. Third, we will review the regulation of the Ca(2+)-flux properties of the IP3R isoforms by the ER-resident and by the cytoplasmic proteins involved in cell death and survival as well as by redox regulation. Hence, we aim to highlight the specific roles of the various IP3R isoforms in cell-death and -survival signaling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium signaling in health and disease. Guest Editors: Geert Bultynck, Jacques Haiech, Claus W. Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, and Marc Moreau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Ivanova
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vervliet
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Missiaen
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Humbert De Smedt
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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30
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Monaco G, Decrock E, Nuyts K, Wagner II LE, Luyten T, Strelkov SV, Missiaen L, De Borggraeve WM, Leybaert L, Yule DI, De Smedt H, Parys JB, Bultynck G. Alpha-helical destabilization of the Bcl-2-BH4-domain peptide abolishes its ability to inhibit the IP3 receptor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73386. [PMID: 24137498 PMCID: PMC3795776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein is the founding member and namesake of the Bcl-2-protein family. It has recently been demonstrated that Bcl-2, apart from its anti-apoptotic role at mitochondrial membranes, can also directly interact with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), the primary Ca(2+)-release channel in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Bcl-2 can thereby reduce pro-apoptotic IP3R-mediated Ca(2+) release from the ER. Moreover, the Bcl-2 homology domain 4 (Bcl-2-BH4) has been identified as essential and sufficient for this IP3R-mediated anti-apoptotic activity. In the present study, we investigated whether the reported inhibitory effect of a Bcl-2-BH4 peptide on the IP 3R1 was related to the distinctive α-helical conformation of the BH4 domain peptide. We therefore designed a peptide with two glycine "hinges" replacing residues I14 and V15, of the wild-type Bcl-2-BH4 domain (Bcl-2-BH4-IV/GG). By comparing the structural and functional properties of the Bcl-2-BH4-IV/GG peptide with its native counterpart, we found that the variant contained reduced α-helicity, neither bound nor inhibited the IP 3R1 channel, and in turn lost its anti-apoptotic effect. Similar results were obtained with other substitutions in Bcl-2-BH4 that destabilized the α-helix with concomitant loss of IP3R inhibition. These results provide new insights for the further development of Bcl-2-BH4-derived peptides as specific inhibitors of the IP3R with significant pharmacological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monaco
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Decrock
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Nuyts
- Section of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Larry E. Wagner II
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Tomas Luyten
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sergei V. Strelkov
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Missiaen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim M. De Borggraeve
- Section of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David I. Yule
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Humbert De Smedt
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B. Parys
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
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Braun F, de Carné Trécesson S, Bertin-Ciftci J, Juin P. Protect and serve: Bcl-2 proteins as guardians and rulers of cancer cell survival. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2937-47. [PMID: 23974114 PMCID: PMC3875667 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members promote cancer cell survival by binding to their pro-apoptotic counterparts, thereby preventing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and cytotoxic caspase activation. Yet, these proteins do not only function as guardians of mitochondrial permeability, preserving it, and maintaining cell survival in the face of acute or chronic stress, they also regulate non-apoptotic functions of caspases and biological processes beyond MOMP from diverse subcellular localizations and in complex with numerous binding partners outside of the Bcl-2 family. In particular, some of the non-canonical effects and functions of Bcl-2 homologs lead to an interplay with E2F-1, NFκB, and Myc transcriptional pathways, which themselves influence cancer cell growth and survival. We thus propose that, by feedback loops that we currently have only hints of, Bcl-2 proteins may act as rulers of survival signaling, predetermining the apoptotic threshold that they also directly scaffold. This underscores the robustness of the control exerted by Bcl-2 homologs over cancer cell survival, and implies that small molecules compounds currently used in the clinic to inhibit their mitochondrial activity may be not always be fully efficient to override this control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Braun
- UMR 892 INSERM/6299 CNRS/Université de Nantes; Team 8 "Cell survival and tumor escape in breast cancer"; Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes; Nantes, France
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32
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Monaco G, Beckers M, Ivanova H, Missiaen L, Parys JB, De Smedt H, Bultynck G. Profiling of the Bcl-2/Bcl-XL-binding sites on type 1 IP3 receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 428:31-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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