1
|
Qiao X, Liu C, Wang W, Yang C, Li M, Yi Q, Kong N, Qiu L, Liu X, Wang L, Song L. A neural cell adhesion molecule from oyster Crassostrea gigas: Molecular identification and immune functional characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125756. [PMID: 37429340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) are large cell-surface glycoproteins playing important roles in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in nervous system. Recent study identified a homologue of NCAM (CgNCAM) from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Its ORF was of 2634 bp which encodes a protein (877 amino acids) consisting of five immunoglobulin domains and two fibronectin type III domains. CgNCAM transcripts were broadly distributed in oyster tissues especially in mantle, labial palp and haemolymph. CgNCAM showed up-regulated expression in haemocytes of oysters after Vibrio splendidus and Staphylococcus aureus stimulation. The recombinant CgNCAM protein (rCgNCAM) was able to bind manose, lipopolysaccharide and glucan, as well as different microbes including Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. rCgNCAM displayed bacterial agglutination and hemagglutination activity. CgNCAM improved the phagocytosis of haemocytes towards V. splendidus by regulating the expression of CgIntegrin, CgRho J and CgMAPKK. Moreover, CgNCAM was involved in the extracellular trap establishment of haemocytes after V. splendidus stimulation. The results collectively indicated that CgNCAM acted as a recognition receptor executing multiple immune functions to recognize and eliminate invading microorganisms in innate immunity of oysters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Meijia Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiyang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shinde P, Kiepas A, Zhang L, Sudhir S, Konstantopoulos K, Stamatos NM. Polysialylation controls immune function of myeloid cells in murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112648. [PMID: 37339052 PMCID: PMC10592499 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a post-translational modification of a select group of cell-surface proteins that guides cellular interactions. As the overall impact of changes in expression of this glycan on leukocytes during infection is not known, we evaluate the immune response of polySia-deficient ST8SiaIV-/- mice infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn). Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, ST8SiaIV-/- mice are less susceptible to infection and clear Spn from airways faster, with alveolar macrophages demonstrating greater viability and phagocytic activity. Leukocyte pulmonary recruitment, paradoxically, is diminished in infected ST8SiaIV-/- mice, corroborated by adoptive cell transfer, microfluidic migration experiments, and intravital microscopy, and possibly explained by dysregulated ERK1/2 signaling. PolySia is progressively lost from neutrophils and monocytes migrating from bone marrow to alveoli in Spn-infected WT mice, consistent with changing cellular functions. These data highlight multidimensional effects of polySia on leukocytes during an immune response and suggest therapeutic interventions for optimizing immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Shinde
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alexander Kiepas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Shreya Sudhir
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Nicholas M Stamatos
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gretenkort L, Thiesler H, Hildebrandt H. Neuroimmunomodulatory properties of polysialic acid. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:277-294. [PMID: 37171513 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric sialic acid (polysialic acid, polySia) is a remarkable posttranslational modification of only few select proteins. The major, and most prominent polySia protein carrier is the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM. Here, the key functions of polySia are to regulate interactions of NCAM and to balance cellular interactions in brain development and plasticity. During recent years, however, increasing evidence points towards a role of polySia in the modulation of immune responses. These immunomodulatory functions can be mediated by polySia on proteins other than NCAM, presented either on the cell surface or released into the extracellular space. This perspective review summarizes our current knowledge and addresses major open questions on polySia and polySia receptors in modulating innate immune responses in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gretenkort
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hauke Thiesler
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Herbert Hildebrandt
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mujalli A, Alghamdi KS, Nasser KK, Al-Rayes N, Banaganapalli B, Shaik NA, Elango R. Bioinformatics insights into the genes and pathways on severe COVID-19 pathology in patients with comorbidities. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1045469. [PMID: 36589459 PMCID: PMC9795193 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1045469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection is known for its severe clinical pathogenesis among individuals with pre-existing comorbidities. However, the molecular basis of this observation remains elusive. Thus, this study aimed to map key genes and pathway alterations in patients with COVID-19 and comorbidities using robust systems biology approaches. Methods: The publicly available genome-wide transcriptomic datasets from 120 COVID-19 patients, 281 patients suffering from different comorbidities (like cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and obesity), and 252 patients with different infectious diseases of the lung (respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, and MERS) were studied using a range of systems biology approaches like differential gene expression, gene ontology (GO), pathway enrichment, functional similarity, mouse phenotypic analysis and drug target identification. Results: By cross-mapping the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across different datasets, we mapped 274 shared genes to severe symptoms of COVID-19 patients or with comorbidities alone. GO terms and functional pathway analysis highlighted genes in dysregulated pathways of immune response, interleukin signaling, FCGR activation, regulation of cytokines, chemokines secretion, and leukocyte migration. Using network topology parameters, phenotype associations, and functional similarity analysis with ACE2 and TMPRSS2-two key receptors for this virus-we identified 17 genes with high connectivity (CXCL10, IDO1, LEPR, MME, PTAFR, PTGS2, MAOB, PDE4B, PLA2G2A, COL5A1, ICAM1, SERPINE1, ABCB1, IL1R1, ITGAL, NCAM1 and PRKD1) potentially contributing to the clinical severity of COVID-19 infection in patients with comorbidities. These genes are predicted to be tractable and/or with many existing approved inhibitors, modulators, and enzymes as drugs. Conclusion: By systemic implementation of computational methods, this study identified potential candidate genes and pathways likely to confer disease severity in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing comorbidities. Our findings pave the way to develop targeted repurposed therapies in COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Mujalli
- Department of Genetic Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia,Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Abdulrahman Mujalli, ; Ramu Elango,
| | - Kawthar Saad Alghamdi
- Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalidah Khalid Nasser
- Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha Al-Rayes
- Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Babajan Banaganapalli
- Department of Genetic Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Ahmad Shaik
- Department of Genetic Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramu Elango
- Department of Genetic Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Abdulrahman Mujalli, ; Ramu Elango,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Woo J, Williams SM, Markillie LM, Feng S, Tsai CF, Aguilera-Vazquez V, Sontag RL, Moore RJ, Hu D, Mehta HS, Cantlon-Bruce J, Liu T, Adkins JN, Smith RD, Clair GC, Pasa-Tolic L, Zhu Y. High-throughput and high-efficiency sample preparation for single-cell proteomics using a nested nanowell chip. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6246. [PMID: 34716329 PMCID: PMC8556371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Global quantification of protein abundances in single cells could provide direct information on cellular phenotypes and complement transcriptomics measurements. However, single-cell proteomics is still immature and confronts many technical challenges. Herein we describe a nested nanoPOTS (N2) chip to improve protein recovery, operation robustness, and processing throughput for isobaric-labeling-based scProteomics workflow. The N2 chip reduces reaction volume to <30 nL and increases capacity to >240 single cells on a single microchip. The tandem mass tag (TMT) pooling step is simplified by adding a microliter droplet on the nested nanowells to combine labeled single-cell samples. In the analysis of ~100 individual cells from three different cell lines, we demonstrate that the N2 chip-based scProteomics platform can robustly quantify ~1500 proteins and reveal membrane protein markers. Our analyses also reveal low protein abundance variations, suggesting the single-cell proteome profiles are highly stable for the cells cultured under identical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Woo
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Sarah M Williams
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Lye Meng Markillie
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Song Feng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Victor Aguilera-Vazquez
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ryan L Sontag
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Dehong Hu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Hardeep S Mehta
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Joshua Cantlon-Bruce
- Scienion AG, Volmerstraße 7, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Cellenion SASU, 60 Avenue Rockefeller, Bâtiment BioSerra2, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Joshua N Adkins
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Geremy C Clair
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo X, Elkashef SM, Patel A, Ribeiro Morais G, Shnyder SD, Loadman PM, Patterson LH, Falconer RA. An assay for quantitative analysis of polysialic acid expression in cancer cells. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117741. [PMID: 33674001 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a linear polysaccharide comprised of N-acetylneuraminic acid residues and its over-expression in cancer cells has been correlated with poor clinical prognosis. An assay has been developed for quantitative analysis of cellular polySia expression. This was achieved by extracting and purifying released polySia from glycoproteins by mild acid hydrolysis and optimised organic extraction. The polySia was further hydrolysed into Sia monomers, followed by fluorescent labelling and quantitative analysis. The assay was qualified utilising endoneuraminidase-NF to remove polySia from the surface of C6-ST8SiaII cancer cells (EC50 = 2.13 ng/mL). The result was comparable to that obtained in a polySia-specific cellular ELISA assay. Furthermore, the assay proved suitable for evaluation of changes in polySia expression following treatment with a small molecule inhibitor of polysialylation. Given the importance of polySia in multiple disease states, notably cancer, this is a potentially vital tool with applications in the fields of drug discovery and glycobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Guo
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Sara M Elkashef
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Anjana Patel
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Goreti Ribeiro Morais
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Steven D Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence H Patterson
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Falconer
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo X, Malcolm JR, Ali MM, Ribeiro Morais G, Shnyder SD, Loadman PM, Patterson LH, Falconer RA. An efficient assay for identification and quantitative evaluation of potential polysialyltransferase inhibitors. Analyst 2020; 145:4512-4521. [PMID: 32412559 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00721h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The polysialyltransferases (polySTs) catalyse the polymerisation of polysialic acid, which plays an important role in tumour metastasis. While assays are available to assess polyST enzyme activity, there is no methodology available specifically optimised for identification and quantitative evaluation of potential polyST inhibitors. The development of an HPLC-fluorescence-based enzyme assay described within includes a comprehensive investigation of assay conditions, including evaluation of metal ion composition, enzyme, substrate and acceptor concentrations, temperature, pH, and tolerance to DMSO, followed by validation using known polyST inhibitors. Thorough analysis of each of the assay components provided a set of optimised conditions. Under these optimised conditions, the experimentally observed Ki value for CMP, a competitive polyST inhibitor, was strongly correlated with the predicted Ki value, based on the classical Cheng-Prusoff equation [average fold error (AFE) = 1.043]. These results indicate that this assay can provide medium-throughput analysis for enzyme inhibitors with high accuracy, through determining the corresponding IC50 values with substrate concentration at the KM, without the need to perform extensive kinetic studies for each compound. In conclusion, an in vitro cell-free assay for accurate assessment of polyST inhibition is described. The utility of the assay for routine identification of potential polyST inhibitors is demonstrated, allowing quantitative measurement of inhibition to be achieved, and exemplified through assessment of full competitive inhibition. Given the considerable and growing interest in the polySTs as important anti-metastatic targets in cancer drug discovery, this is a vital tool to enable preclinical identification and evaluation of novel polyST inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Guo
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kühnle A, Galuska CE, Zlatina K, Galuska SP. The Bovine Antimicrobial Peptide Lactoferricin Interacts with Polysialic Acid without Loss of Its Antimicrobial Activity against Escherichia coli. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:E1. [PMID: 31861263 PMCID: PMC7022438 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The lactoferrin-derived peptide lactoferricin (LFcin) belongs to the family of antimicrobial peptides, and its bovine form has already been successfully applied to counteract enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection. Recently, it was described that LFcin interacts with the sugar polymer polysialic acid (polySia) and that the binding of lactoferrin to polySia is mediated by LFcin, included in the N-terminal domain of lactoferrin. For this reason, the impact of polySia on the antimicrobial activity of bovine LFcin was investigated. Initially, the interaction of LFcin was characterized in more detail by native agarose gel electrophoresis, demonstrating that a chain length of 10 sialic acid residues was necessary to bind LFcin, whereas approximately twice-as-long chains were needed to detect binding of lactoferrin. Remarkably, the binding of polySia showed, independently of the chain length, no impact on the antimicrobial effects of LFcin. Thus, LFcin binds polySia without loss of its protective activity as an antimicrobial peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kühnle
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.K.); (C.E.G.); (K.Z.)
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstr. 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christina E. Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.K.); (C.E.G.); (K.Z.)
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstr. 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kristina Zlatina
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.K.); (C.E.G.); (K.Z.)
| | - Sebastian P. Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.K.); (C.E.G.); (K.Z.)
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstr. 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guo X, Elkashef SM, Loadman PM, Patterson LH, Falconer RA. Recent advances in the analysis of polysialic acid from complex biological systems. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115145. [PMID: 31472857 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a unique, well-characterised carbohydrate polymer highly-expressed on the cell surface of neurons in the early stages of mammalian brain development. Post-embryogenesis, it is also re-expressed in a number of tumours of neuroendocrine origin. It plays important roles in modulating cell-cell, and cell-matrix adhesion and migration, tumour invasion and metastasis. Techniques for structural and quantitative characterisation of polySia from tumours and cancer cells are thus essential in exploring the relationship between polySia expression levels and structural and functional changes associated with cancer progression and metastasis. A variety of techniques have been developed to structurally and quantitatively analyse polySia in clinical tissues and other biological samples. In this review, analytical approaches used for the determination of polySia in biological matrices in the past 20 years are discussed, with a particular focus on chemical approaches, and quantitative analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Guo
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Sara M Elkashef
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence H Patterson
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Falconer
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bornhöfft KF, Galuska SP. Glycans as Modulators for the Formation and Functional Properties of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Used by the Forces of Good and Evil. Front Immunol 2019; 10:959. [PMID: 31134066 PMCID: PMC6514094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A very common mechanism to trap pathogens is the release of DNA. Like flies in a spider's web, pathogens are enclosed in a sticky chromatin meshwork. Interestingly, plants already use this mechanism to catch bacteria. In mammals, especially neutrophils release their DNA to prevent an invasion of bacteria. These neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are equipped with antimicrobial molecules, including, for instance, histones, antimicrobial peptides, lactoferrin, and neutrophil elastase. Thus, in a defined area, pathogens and toxic molecules are directly adjacent. However, several of these antimicrobial substances are also cytotoxic for endogenous cells. It is, therefore, not surprising that distinct control mechanisms exist to prevent an exaggerated NETosis. Nevertheless, despite these endogenous control instruments, an extraordinary NET release is characteristic for several pathologies. Consequently, NETs are a novel target for developing therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the roles of glycans in the biology of NETs; on the one hand, we focus on the glycan-dependent strategies of endogenous cells to control NET formation or to inactivate its cytotoxic effects, and, on the other hand, the “sweet” tricks of pathogens to inhibit the release of NETs or to prevent NET-mediated killing mechanisms are examined. Understanding both, the forces of good and evil, allows the development of novel glycan-based approaches to combat the harmful side of NETs during distinct pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim F Bornhöfft
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hao J, Zeltz C, Pintilie M, Li Q, Sakashita S, Wang T, Cabanero M, Martins-Filho SN, Wang DY, Pasko E, Venkat K, Joseph J, Raghavan V, Zhu CQ, Wang YH, Moghal N, Tsao MS, Navab R. Characterization of Distinct Populations of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts from Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Reveals a Role for ST8SIA2 in Cancer Cell Invasion. Neoplasia 2019; 21:482-493. [PMID: 30978569 PMCID: PMC6458340 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are abundant stromal cells in tumor microenvironment that are critically involved in cancer progression. Contrasting reports have shown that CAFs can have either pro- or antitumorigenic roles, indicating that CAFs are functionally heterogeneous. Therefore, to precisely target the cancer-promoting CAF subsets, it is necessary to identify specific markers to define these subpopulations and understand their functions. We characterized two CAFs subsets from 28 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient tumors that were scored and classified based on desmoplasia [mainly characterized by proliferating CAFs; high desmoplastic CAFs (HD-CAF; n = 15) and low desmoplastic CAFs (LD-CAF; n = 13)], which is an independent prognostic factor. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that HD-CAFs and LD-CAFs show different tumor-promoting abilities. HD-CAFs showed higher rate of collagen matrix remodeling, invasion, and tumor growth compared to LD-CAFs. Transcriptomic analysis identified 13 genes that were differentially significant (fold ≥1.5; adjusted P value < .1) between HD-CAFs and LD-CAFs. The top upregulated differentially expressed gene, ST8SIA2 (11.3 fold; adjusted P value = .02), enhanced NSCLC tumor cell invasion in 3D culture compared to control when it was overexpressed in CAFs, suggesting an important role of ST8SIA2 in cancer cell invasion. We confirmed the protumorigenic role of ST8SIA2, showing that ST8SIA2 was significantly associated with the risk of relapse in three independent NSCLC clinical datasets. In summary, our studies show that functional heterogeneity in CAF plays key role in promoting cancer cell invasion in NSCLC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cohort Studies
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Prognosis
- Sialyltransferases/genetics
- Sialyltransferases/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hao
- Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cédric Zeltz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melania Pintilie
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quan Li
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shingo Sakashita
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tao Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Cabanero
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dennis Y Wang
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, S1O 2HQ
| | - Elena Pasko
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kalpana Venkat
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joella Joseph
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vibha Raghavan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chang-Qi Zhu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadeem Moghal
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ontario Institute of Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roya Navab
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Polysialic Acid Modulates the Binding of External Lactoferrin in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020020. [PMID: 30925725 PMCID: PMC6627751 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are formed by neutrophils during inflammation. Among other things, these DNA constructs consist of antimicrobial proteins such as lactoferrin and histones. With these properties, NETs capture and destroy invading microorganisms. The carbohydrate polysialic acid (polySia) interacts with both lactoferrin and histones. Previous experiments demonstrated that, in humans, lactoferrin inhibits the release of NET and that this effect is supported by polySia. In this study, we examined the interplay of lactoferrin and polySia in already-formed NETs from bovine neutrophils. The binding of polySia was considered to occur at the lactoferricin (LFcin)-containing domain of lactoferrin. The interaction with the peptide LFcin was studied in more detail using groups of defined polySia chain lengths, which suggested a chain-length-dependent interaction mechanism with LFcin. The LFcin domain of lactoferrin was found to interact with DNA. Therefore, the possibility that polySia influences the integration of lactoferrin into the DNA-structures of NETs was tested by isolating bovine neutrophils and inducing NETosis. Experiments with NET fibers saturated with lactoferrin demonstrated that polySia initiates the incorporation of external lactoferrin in already-loaded NETs. Thus, polySia may modulate the constituents of NET.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kühnle A, Veelken R, Galuska CE, Saftenberger M, Verleih M, Schuppe HC, Rudloff S, Kunz C, Galuska SP. Polysialic acid interacts with lactoferrin and supports its activity to inhibit the release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 208:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
14
|
Sapoń K, Janas T, Sikorski AF, Janas T. Polysialic acid chains exhibit enhanced affinity for ordered regions of membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:245-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
15
|
Strubl S, Schubert U, Kühnle A, Rebl A, Ahmadvand N, Fischer S, Preissner KT, Galuska SP. Polysialic acid is released by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:64. [PMID: 30555678 PMCID: PMC6288938 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sialic acids represent common terminal residues on numerous mammalian glycoconjugates, thereby influencing e.g. lumen formation in developing blood vessels. Interestingly, besides monosialylated also polysialylated glycoconjugates are produced by endothelial cells. Polysialic acid (polySia) is formed in several organs during embryonal and postnatal development influencing, for instance, cell migration processes. Furthermore, the function of cytokines like basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is modulated by polySia. Results In this study, we demonstrated that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) also secrete polysialylated glycoconjugates. Furthermore, an interaction between polySia and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was observed. VEGF modulates like bFGF the migration of HUVEC. Since both growth factors interact with polySia, we examined, if polySia modulates the migration of HUVEC. To this end scratch assays were performed showing that the migration of HUVEC is stimulated, when polySia was degraded. Conclusions Since polySia can interact with bFGF as well as VEGF and the degradation of polySia resulted in an increased cell migration capacity in the applied scratch assay, we propose that polySia may trap these growth factors influencing their biological activity. Thus, polySia might also contribute to the fine regulation of physiological processes in endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Strubl
- 1Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,2Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Uwe Schubert
- 1Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kühnle
- 3Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- 4Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Negah Ahmadvand
- 1Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Silvia Fischer
- 1Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- 1Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Galuska
- 1Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,3Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zlatina K, Saftenberger M, Kühnle A, Galuska CE, Gärtner U, Rebl A, Oster M, Vernunft A, Galuska SP. Polysialic Acid in Human Plasma Can Compensate the Cytotoxicity of Histones. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1679. [PMID: 29874880 PMCID: PMC6032143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system has numerous mechanisms to fight against pathogens, including the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). By spreading out chromatin, antimicrobial peptides and enzymes, neutrophils efficiently trap pathogens like bacteria and facilitate their elimination. During this process, high concentrations of extracellular histones can be reached. Several researchers have demonstrated that the cytotoxic characteristics of these histones can trigger diseases like sepsis. Interestingly, the carbohydrate polysialic acid (polySia) can bind histones and reduce histone-mediated cytotoxicity in a chain length-dependent manner. In the present study, we examined the chain length of polySia in plasma and tested its ability to decrease the cytotoxic characteristics of extracellular histones. Remarkably, we detected polySia not only in the soluble fraction of plasma, but also on enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs). Chain length analysis revealed that polySia chains originating from human plasma can consists of more than 40 sialic acid residues and show a cytoprotective effect against extracellular histones. Intriguingly, polySia is not only present in human plasma but also in fish and other branches of vertebrates. Thus, polySia is a physiological element in plasma and may represent a natural buffer for extracellular histones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Zlatina
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Max Saftenberger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstr. 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Kühnle
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Christina E Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Michael Oster
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Andreas Vernunft
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Sebastian P Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
We present here that adenovirus type 52 (HAdV-52) attaches to target cells through a mechanism not previously observed in other human pathogenic viruses. The interaction involves unusual, transient, electrostatic interactions between the short fiber capsid protein and polysialic acid (polySia)-containing receptors on target cells. Knowledge about the binding interactions between polySia and its natural ligands is relatively limited, and our results therefore provide additional insight not only into adenovirus biology but also into the structural basis of polySia function. Since polySia can be found in high expression levels in brain and lung cancers where its presence is associated with poor prognosis, we suggest that this polySia-binding adenovirus could be useful for design of vectors for gene therapy of these cancers. Human adenovirus 52 (HAdV-52) is one of only three known HAdVs equipped with both a long and a short fiber protein. While the long fiber binds to the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor, the function of the short fiber in the virus life cycle is poorly understood. Here, we show, by glycan microarray analysis and cellular studies, that the short fiber knob (SFK) of HAdV-52 recognizes long chains of α-2,8-linked polysialic acid (polySia), a large posttranslational modification of selected carrier proteins, and that HAdV-52 can use polySia as a receptor on target cells. X-ray crystallography, NMR, molecular dynamics simulation, and structure-guided mutagenesis of the SFK reveal that the nonreducing, terminal sialic acid of polySia engages the protein with direct contacts, and that specificity for polySia is achieved through subtle, transient electrostatic interactions with additional sialic acid residues. In this study, we present a previously unrecognized role for polySia as a cellular receptor for a human viral pathogen. Our detailed analysis of the determinants of specificity for this interaction has general implications for protein–carbohydrate interactions, particularly concerning highly charged glycan structures, and provides interesting dimensions on the biology and evolution of members of Human mastadenovirus G.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu C, Chen X, Shu J, Lee CT. Whole-genome expression analyses of type 2 diabetes in human skin reveal altered immune function and burden of infection. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34601-34609. [PMID: 28427244 PMCID: PMC5470994 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin disorders are among most common complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although T2DM patients are known to have increased risk of infections and other T2DM-related skin disorders, their molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aims to identify dysregulated genes and gene networks that are associated with T2DM in human skin. We compared the expression profiles of 56,318 transcribed genes on 74 T2DM cases and 148 gender- age-, and race-matched non-diabetes controls from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. RNA-Sequencing data indicates that diabetic skin is characterized by increased expression of genes that are related to immune responses (CCL20, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL13, and CCL18), JAK/STAT signaling pathway (JAK3, STAT1, and STAT2), tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF10 and TNFSF15), and infectious disease pathways (OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, and IFIH1). Genes in cell adhesion molecules pathway (NCAM1 and L1CAM) and collagen family (PCOLCE2 and COL9A3) are downregulated, suggesting structural changes in the skin of T2DM. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, this pioneer analytic study reports comprehensive unbiased gene expression changes and dysregulated pathways in the non-diseased skin of T2DM patients. This comprehensive understanding derived from whole-genome expression profiles could advance our knowledge in determining molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of T2DM-associated skin disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xiaopan Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Ting Lee
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Individual Impact of Distinct Polysialic Acid Chain Lengths on the Cytotoxicity of Histone H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9120720. [PMID: 30966022 PMCID: PMC6418544 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are able to neutralize pathogens by phagocytosis, by the release of antimicrobial components, as well as by the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The latter possibility is a DNA-meshwork mainly consisting of highly concentrated extracellular histones, which are not only toxic for pathogens, but also for endogenous cells triggering several diseases. To reduce the negative outcomes initiated by extracellular histones, different approaches like antibodies against histones, proteases, and the polysaccharide polysialic acid (polySia) were discussed. We examined whether each of the individual histones is a binding partner of polySia, and analyzed their respective cytotoxicity in the presence of this linear homopolymer. Interestingly, all of the histones (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) seem to interact with α2,8-linked sialic acids. However, we observed strong differences regarding the required chain length of polySia to bind histone H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Moreover, distinct degrees of polymerization were necessary to act as a cytoprotective agent in the presence of the individual histones. In sum, the outlined results described polySia-based strategies to bind and/or to reduce the cytotoxicity of individual histones using distinct polySia chain length settings.
Collapse
|
20
|
Galuska CE, Dambon JA, Kühnle A, Bornhöfft KF, Prem G, Zlatina K, Lütteke T, Galuska SP. Artificial Polysialic Acid Chains as Sialidase-Resistant Molecular-Anchors to Accumulate Particles on Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1229. [PMID: 29033944 PMCID: PMC5626807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are involved in numerous immunological events. One mechanism of neutrophils to combat pathogens is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Thereby, neutrophils use DNA fibers to form a meshwork of DNA and histones as well as several antimicrobial components to trap and kill invaders. However, the formation of NETs can lead to pathological conditions triggering among other things (e.g., sepsis or acute lung failure), which is mainly a consequence of the cytotoxic characteristics of accumulated extracellular histones. Interestingly, the carbohydrate polysialic acid represents a naturally occurring antagonist of the cytotoxic properties of extracellular histones. Inspired by polysialylated vesicles, we developed polysialylated nanoparticles. Since sialidases are frequently present in areas of NET formation, we protected the sensitive non-reducing end of these homopolymers. To this end, the terminal sialic acid residue of the non-reducing end was oxidized and directly coupled to nanoparticles. The covalently linked sialidase-resistant polysialic acid chains are still able to neutralize histone-mediated cytotoxicity and to initiate binding of these polysialylated particles to NET filaments. Furthermore, polysialylated fluorescent microspheres can be used as a bioanalytical tool to stain NET fibers. Thus, polySia chains might not only be a useful agent to reduce histone-mediated cytotoxicity but also an anchor to accumulate nanoparticles loaded with active substances in areas of NET formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan A Dambon
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kühnle
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Kim F Bornhöfft
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Gerlinde Prem
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kristina Zlatina
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lütteke
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Preissner KT, Herwald H. Extracellular nucleic acids in immunity and cardiovascular responses: between alert and disease. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1272-1282. [PMID: 28594050 DOI: 10.1160/th-16-11-0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Severe inflammatory complications are a potential consequence in patients with predetermined conditions of infections, pulmonary diseases, or cardiovascular disorders. Notably, the amplitude of the inflammatory response towards these complications can dictate the disease progression and outcome. During the recent years, evidence from basic research as well as from clinical studies has identified self-extracellular nucleic acids as important players in the crosstalk between immunity and cardiovascular diseases. These stress- or injury-induced endogenous polymeric macromolecules not only serve as "alarmins" or "Danger-associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs), but their functional repertoire goes far beyond such activities in innate immunity. In fact, (patho-) physiological functions of self-extracellular DNA and RNA are associated and in many cases causally related to arterial and venous thrombosis, atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury or tumour progression. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms are far from being completely understood. Interestingly enough, however, novel antagonistic approaches in vitro and in vivo, particularly using natural endonucleases or synthetic nucleic acid binding polymers, appear to be promising and safe therapeutic options for future studies. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the current state of (patho-) physiological functions of self-extracellular nucleic acids with special emphasis on their role as beneficial / alerting or adverse / damaging factors in connection with immune responses, inflammation, thrombosis, and cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus T Preissner
- Klaus T. Preissner, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany, Tel.: +49 641 994 7500, E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Galuska CE, Lütteke T, Galuska SP. Is Polysialylated NCAM Not Only a Regulator during Brain Development But also during the Formation of Other Organs? BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6020027. [PMID: 28448440 PMCID: PMC5485474 DOI: 10.3390/biology6020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In mammals several cell adhesion molecules are involved during the pre- and postnatal development of all organ systems. A very prominent member of this family is the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Interestingly, NCAM can be a target for a special form of posttranslational modification: polysialylation. Whereas nearly all extracellular proteins bear mono-sialic acid residues, only a very small group can be polysialylated. Polysialic acid is a highly negatively-charged sugar polymer and can comprise more than 90 sialic acid residues in postnatal mouse brains increasing dramatically the hydrodynamic radius of their carriers. Thus, adhesion and communication processes on cell surfaces are strongly influenced allowing, e.g., the migration of neuronal progenitor cells. In the developing brain the essential role of polysialylated NCAM has been demonstrated in many studies. In comparison to the neuronal system, however, during the formation of other organs the impact of the polysialylated form of NCAM is not well characterized and the number of studies is limited so far. This review summarizes these observations and discusses possible roles of polysialylated NCAM during the development of organs other than the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Galuska
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lütteke
- ITech Progress GmbH, Donnersbergweg 4, 67059 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian P Galuska
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Galuska SP, Galuska CE, Tharmalingam T, Zlatina K, Prem G, Husejnov FCO, Rudd PM, Vann WF, Reid C, Vionnet J, Gallagher ME, Carrington FA, Hassett SL, Carrington SD. In vitro generation of polysialylated cervical mucins by bacterial polysialyltransferases to counteract cytotoxicity of extracellular histones. FEBS J 2017; 284:1688-1699. [PMID: 28371406 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) are formed against pathogens. However, various diseases are directly linked to this meshwork of DNA. The cytotoxic properties of extracellular histones especially seem to be an important trigger during these diseases. Furthermore, NET accumulation on implants is discussed to result in an impaired efficiency or failure, depending on the category of implant. Interestingly, mucins have been investigated as surface coatings potentially capable of reducing neutrophil adhesion. Similarly, polysialic acid was shown to inactivate the cytotoxic properties of extracellular histones. We wanted to combine the probability to decrease the adhesion of neutrophils using mucins with the capability of sialic acid polymers to counteract histone-mediated cytotoxicity. To this end, we elongate cervical mucins using bacterial polysialyltransferases. Subsequent cell-based experiments demonstrated the activity of elongated mucins against histone-mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, polysialylated mucins may represent a novel component to coat implants or to combat diseases with exaggerated NET formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Galuska
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christina E Galuska
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Zlatina
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerlinde Prem
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Farzali C O Husejnov
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- Dublin-Oxford Glycobiology Laboratory, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Blackrock Co., Dublin, Ireland
| | - Willie F Vann
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Colm Reid
- UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | | | - Mary E Gallagher
- UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Faye A Carrington
- UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Szabo R, Skropeta D. Advancement of Sialyltransferase Inhibitors: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:219-270. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Szabo
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Danielle Skropeta
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Centre for Medical & Molecular Bioscience; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Skog MS, Nystedt J, Korhonen M, Anderson H, Lehti TA, Pajunen MI, Finne J. Expression of neural cell adhesion molecule and polysialic acid in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:113. [PMID: 27528376 PMCID: PMC4986182 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to develop novel clinical applications and to gain insights into possible therapeutic mechanisms, detailed molecular characterization of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) is needed. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM, CD56) is a transmembrane glycoprotein modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. An additional post-translational modification of NCAM is the α2,8-linked polysialic acid (polySia). Because of its background, NCAM is often considered a marker of neural lineage commitment. Generally, hBM-MSCs are considered to be devoid of NCAM expression, but more rigorous characterization is needed. METHODS We have studied NCAM and polySia expression in five hBM-MSC lines at mRNA and protein levels. Cell surface localization was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and expression frequency in the donor-specific lines by flow cytometry. For the detection of poorly immunogenic polySia, a fluorochrome-tagged catalytically defective enzyme was employed. RESULTS All five known NCAM isoforms are expressed in these cells at mRNA level and the three main isoforms are present at protein level. Both polysialyltransferases, generally responsible for NCAM polysialylation, are expressed at mRNA level, but only very few cells express polySia at the cell surface. CONCLUSIONS Our results underline the need for a careful control of methods and conditions in the characterization of MSCs. This study shows that, against the generally held view, clinical-grade hBM-MSCs do express NCAM. In contrast, although both polysialyltransferase genes are transcribed in these cells, very few express polySia at the cell surface. NCAM and polySia represent new candidate molecules for influencing MSC interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Skog
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Johanna Nystedt
- Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, FI-00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Korhonen
- Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, FI-00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Anderson
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Present Address: Genoscoper Laboratories Oy, P.O. Box 1040, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo A Lehti
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria I Pajunen
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Present Address: Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Finne
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans. A unique feature of Sia, compared with other monosaccharides, is the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia). Sia and polySia mediate diverse biological functions and have great potential for therapeutic use. However, technological hurdles in producing defined protein sialylation due to the enormous structural diversity render their precise investigation a challenge. Here, we describe a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP). The approach relies on a combination of stably transformed plants with transient expression modules. By the introduction of multigene vectors carrying the human sialylation pathway into glycosylation-destructed mutants, transgenic plants that sialylate glycoproteins in α2,6- or α2,3-linkage were generated. Moreover, by the transient coexpression of human α2,8-polysialyltransferases, polySia structures with a DP >40 were synthesized in these plants. Importantly, plant-derived polySia are functionally active, as demonstrated by a cell-based cytotoxicity assay and inhibition of microglia activation. This pathway engineering approach enables experimental investigations of defined sialylation and facilitates a rational design of glycan structures with optimized biotechnological functions.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang R, Loers G, Schachner M, Boelens R, Wienk H, Siebert S, Eckert T, Kraan S, Rojas-Macias MA, Lütteke T, Galuska SP, Scheidig A, Petridis AK, Liang S, Billeter M, Schauer R, Steinmeyer J, Schröder JM, Siebert HC. Molecular Basis of the Receptor Interactions of Polysialic Acid (polySia), polySia Mimetics, and Sulfated Polysaccharides. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:990-1002. [PMID: 27136597 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) and polySia glycomimetic molecules support nerve cell regeneration, differentiation, and neuronal plasticity. With a combination of biophysical and biochemical methods, as well as data mining and molecular modeling techniques, it is possible to correlate specific ligand-receptor interactions with biochemical processes and in vivo studies that focus on the potential therapeutic impact of polySia, polySia glycomimetics, and sulfated polysaccharides in neuronal diseases. With this strategy, the receptor interactions of polySia and polySia mimetics can be understood on a submolecular level. As the HNK-1 glycan also enhances neuronal functions, we tested whether similar sulfated oligo- and polysaccharides from seaweed could be suitable, in addition to polySia, for finding potential new routes into patient care focusing on an improved cure for various neuronal diseases. The knowledge obtained here on the structural interplay between polySia or sulfated polysaccharides and their receptors can be exploited to develop new drugs and application routes for the treatment of neurological diseases and dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyan Zhang
- RI-B-NT: Research Institute of Bioinformatics and Nanotechnology, Franziusallee 177, 24148, Kiel, Germany
- Zoological Institute, Department of Structural Biology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Rolf Boelens
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, NMR Spectroscopy, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Wienk
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, NMR Spectroscopy, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Siebert
- RI-B-NT: Research Institute of Bioinformatics and Nanotechnology, Franziusallee 177, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Eckert
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Str. 100, 35392, Gießen, Germany
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Str. 106, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kraan
- Ocean Harvest Technology Ltd., N17 Business Park, Milltown, County Galway, Ireland
| | - Miguel A Rojas-Macias
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Str. 100, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lütteke
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Str. 100, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Galuska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Friedrichstr. 24, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Axel Scheidig
- Zoological Institute, Department of Structural Biology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Athanasios K Petridis
- Neurosurgery Clinic, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40255, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Songping Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Martin Billeter
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roland Schauer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Steinmeyer
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Paul-Meimberg-Str. 3, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jens-Michael Schröder
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Siebert
- RI-B-NT: Research Institute of Bioinformatics and Nanotechnology, Franziusallee 177, 24148, Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Polysialic acid biosynthesis and production in Escherichia coli: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
29
|
Kaese M, Galuska CE, Simon P, Braun BC, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Middendorff R, Wehrend A, Jewgenow K, Galuska SP. Polysialylation takes place in granulosa cells during apoptotic processes of atretic tertiary follicles. FEBS J 2015; 282:4595-606. [PMID: 26392163 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the neuronal system, polysialic acid (polySia) is known to be involved in several cellular processes such as the modulation of cell-cell interactions. This highly negatively-charged sugar moiety is mainly present as a post-translational modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). More than 20 years ago, differently glycosylated forms of NCAM were detected in the ovaries. However, the exact isoform of NCAM, as well as its biological function, remained unknown. Our analysis revealed that granulosa cells of feline tertiary follicles express the polysialylated form of NCAM-140. Unexpectedly, polySia was only expressed in the granulosa layers of atretic follicles and not of healthy follicles. By contrast, only the un-polysialylated form of NCAM was present on the membrane of granulosa cells of healthy follicles. To study a possible cellular function of polySia in feline follicles, a primary granulosa cell culture model was used. Interestingly, loss of polySia leads to a significant inhibition of apoptosis, demonstrating that polySia is involved during atretic processes in granulosa cells. Thus, polySia might not only directly influence regeneration processes as shown, for example, in the neuronal system, but also apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kaese
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christina E Galuska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Simon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Beate C Braun
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hector A Cabrera-Fuentes
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ralf Middendorff
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Axel Wehrend
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology for Small and Large Animals, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katarina Jewgenow
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Galuska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Simon P, Feuerstacke C, Kaese M, Saboor F, Middendorff R, Galuska SP. Polysialylation of NCAM characterizes the proliferation period of contractile elements during postnatal development of the epididymis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123960. [PMID: 25822229 PMCID: PMC4379024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) regulates inter alia the proliferation and differentiation via the interactions with neurotrophins. Since in postnatal epididymis neurotrophins and their receptors like the Low-Affinity Nerve Growth Factor Receptor p75 and TrK B receptor are expressed, we wanted to analyze if the polysialylation of NCAM is also involved during the development of the epididymis. To this end, we monitored the developmental changes in the expression of the polysialyltransferases and NCAM polysialylation using murine epididymis at different time points during postnatal development. Our results revealed that during postnatal development of the epididymis both polysialyltransferases, ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV, were expressed and that the expression levels dropped with increasing age. In agreement with the expression levels of the polysialyltransferases the highest content of polysialylated NCAM was present during the first 10 days after birth. Interestingly, proliferating smooth muscle cell populations prevalently expressed polysialylated NCAM. Furthermore, we observed that inverse to the decrease in polysialylation of smooth muscle cells a strong up-regulation of collagen takes place suggesting a functional relationship since collagen was recently described to induce the turnover of polysialylated NCAM via an induction of endocytosis in cellulo. The same time course of polySia and collagen synthesis was also observed in other regions of the male reproductive system e.g. vas deferens and tunica albuginea (testis). Together, we identified a spatio-temporal expression pattern of polySia-NCAM characterized by high proliferation rate of smooth muscle cells and low collagen content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Simon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstr. 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - Caroline Feuerstacke
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - Miriam Kaese
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstr. 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Farhan Saboor
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf Middendorff
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail: (RM); (SPG)
| | - Sebastian P. Galuska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstr. 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail: (RM); (SPG)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Oligo- and polysialic acids (oligo/polySia) are involved in numerous biological processes depending on the chain length, the comprised type of sialic acids, as well as the glycosidic linkages. Here, we describe the determination of the composition, the sequence, as well as the linkages between the sialic acid residues of lactonized oligo/polySia using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS)(/MS) and electrospray-ionization (ESI)-MS((n)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Galuska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Colley KJ, Kitajima K, Sato C. Polysialic acid: biosynthesis, novel functions and applications. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 49:498-532. [PMID: 25373518 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.976606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As an anti-adhesive, a reservoir for key biological molecules, and a modulator of signaling, polysialic acid (polySia) is critical for nervous system development and maintenance, promotes cancer metastasis, tissue regeneration and repair, and is implicated in psychiatric diseases. In this review, we focus on the biosynthesis and functions of mammalian polySia, and the use of polySia in therapeutic applications. PolySia modifies a small subset of mammalian glycoproteins, with the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, serving as its major carrier. Studies show that mammalian polysialyltransferases employ a unique recognition mechanism to limit the addition of polySia to a select group of proteins. PolySia has long been considered an anti-adhesive molecule, and its impact on cell adhesion and signaling attributed directly to this property. However, recent studies have shown that polySia specifically binds neurotrophins, growth factors, and neurotransmitters and that this binding depends on chain length. This work highlights the importance of considering polySia quality and quantity, and not simply its presence or absence, as its various roles are explored. The capsular polySia of neuroinvasive bacteria allows these organisms to evade the host immune response. While this "stealth" characteristic has made meningitis vaccine development difficult, it has also made polySia a worthy replacement for polyetheylene glycol in the generation of therapeutic proteins with low immunogenicity and improved circulating half-lives. Bacterial polysialyltransferases are more promiscuous than the protein-specific mammalian enzymes, and new studies suggest that these enzymes have tremendous therapeutic potential, especially for strategies aimed at neural regeneration and tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Colley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gnanapragassam VS, Bork K, Galuska CE, Galuska SP, Glanz D, Nagasundaram M, Bache M, Vordermark D, Kohla G, Kannicht C, Schauer R, Horstkorte R. Sialic acid metabolic engineering: a potential strategy for the neuroblastoma therapy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105403. [PMID: 25148252 PMCID: PMC4141789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sialic acids (Sia) represent negative-charged terminal sugars on most glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface of vertebrates. Aberrant expression of tumor associated sialylated carbohydrate epitopes significantly increases during onset of cancer. Since Sia contribute towards cell migration ( = metastasis) and to chemo- and radiation resistance. Modulation of cellular Sia concentration and composition poses a challenge especially for neuroblastoma therapy, due to the high heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance of these cells. Here we propose that Metabolic Sia Engineering (MSE) is an effective strategy to reduce neuroblastoma progression and metastasis. Methods Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with synthetic Sia precursors N-propanoyl mannosamine (ManNProp) or N-pentanoyl mannosamine (ManNPent). Total and Polysialic acids (PolySia) were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography. Cell surface polySia were examined by flow-cytometry. Sia precursors treated cells were examined for the migration, invasion and sensitivity towards anticancer drugs and radiation treatment. Results Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with ManNProp or ManNPent (referred as MSE) reduced their cell surface sialylation significantly. We found complete absence of polysialylation after treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with ManNPent. Loss of polysialylation results in a reduction of migration and invasion ability of these cells. Furthermore, radiation of Sia-engineered cells completely abolished their migration. In addition, MSE increases the cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil or cisplatin. Conclusions Metabolic Sia Engineering (MSE) of neuroblastoma cells using modified Sia precursors reduces their sialylation, metastatic potential and increases their sensitivity towards radiation or chemotherapeutics. Therefore, MSE may serve as an effective method to treat neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinayaga S. Gnanapragassam
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaya Bork
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christina E. Galuska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian P. Galuska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dagobert Glanz
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manimozhi Nagasundaram
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Bache
- Clinic of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Clinic of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Guido Kohla
- Octapharma R&D, Molecular Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Roland Schauer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stamatos NM, Zhang L, Jokilammi A, Finne J, Chen WH, El-Maarouf A, Cross AS, Hankey KG. Changes in polysialic acid expression on myeloid cells during differentiation and recruitment to sites of inflammation: role in phagocytosis. Glycobiology 2014; 24:864-79. [PMID: 24865221 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a unique linear homopolymer of α2,8-linked sialic acid that has been studied extensively as a posttranslational modification of neural cell adhesion molecule in the central nervous system. Only two proteins are known to be polysialylated in cells of the immune system: CD56 on human natural killer cells and murine bone marrow (BM) leukocytes, and neuropilin-2 (NRP-2) on dendritic cells (DCs). We tested the hypothesis that polySia expression is regulated during maturation and migration of leukocytes and plays a role in functional activity. Using wild-type and NCAM(-/-) mice, we show that BM neutrophils express only polysialylated CD56, whereas a subset of BM monocytes expresses polysialylated CD56 and/or another polysialylated protein(s). We demonstrate that polysialylated CD56 expression is progressively down-regulated in wild-type monocytes and monocyte-derived cells during migration from BM through peripheral blood to pulmonary and peritoneal sites of inflammation. Freshly isolated monocyte-derived peritoneal macrophages are devoid of polySia yet re-express polySia on NRP-2 and an additional protein(s) after maintenance in culture. Removal of polySia from these cells enhances phagocytosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae, suggesting that down-regulation of polySia on macrophages facilitates bacterial clearance. Using wild-type and NRP-2(-/-) mice, we demonstrate that NRP-2 and an additional protein(s) are polysialylated by ST8 SiaIV in BM-derived DCs. We conclude that polySia expression in monocyte-derived cells is dynamically regulated by ST8 SiaIV activity and by expression of carrier proteins during recruitment to sites of inflammation and influences cellular interactions with microbes, contributing to innate and adaptive immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Jokilammi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Finne
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Abderrahman El-Maarouf
- Department of Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Kim G Hankey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hänsch M, Simon P, Schön J, Kaese M, Braun BC, Jewgenow K, Göritz F, Küpper J, Ahmadvand N, Geyer R, Middendorff R, Müller K, Galuska SP. Polysialylation of NCAM correlates with onset and termination of seasonal spermatogenesis in roe deer. Glycobiology 2014; 24:488-93. [PMID: 24663385 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) are seasonal breeders and cyclic structural changes of roe bucks' testis come along with a totally arrested (winter) and a highly activated spermatogenesis (summer). For this reason, roe buck represents an interesting model to study general mechanisms of initiation and termination of spermatogenesis. We investigated if polysialic acid (polySia)-a linear homopolymer of α2,8-linked sialic acids, which could act as a negative regulator of cell-cell adhesion-might be involved in the activation and/or inactivation of spermatogenesis. To address this point, testis samples of adult male roe deer were collected at different time point of the year. Intriguingly, we observed that polySia attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule was enhanced during the onset of spermatogenesis in April. In addition, polySia was highly expressed in December. Predominantly, polySia was detectable between Sertoli cells and spermatogonia in the basal regions of testicular tubules and in the adluminal part of Sertoli cells. Interestingly, similar polySia distributions were observed during early testis development of other mammalians when gonocytes (pre-spermatogonia) and Sertoli cells represent the only cell populations in tubuli seminiferi. Thus, polySia is expressed during key steps of the "on/off mechanisms" of spermatogenesis and might represent one mediator of the interaction and communication between Sertoli cells and germ cell precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manka Hänsch
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstr. 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bartel J, Feuerstacke C, Galuska CE, Weinhold B, Gerardy-Schahn R, Geyer R, Münster-Kühnel A, Middendorff R, Galuska SP. Laser microdissection of paraffin embedded tissue as a tool to estimate the sialylation status of selected cell populations. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2326-31. [PMID: 24491155 DOI: 10.1021/ac403966h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, sialic acids occur at the terminal end of glycans mediating numerous biological processes like cell differentiation or tumor metastasis. Consequently, the cellular sialylation status under healthy and pathological conditions is of high interest. Existing analytical strategies to determine sialylation patterns are mostly applied to tissue samples consisting of a mixture of different cell types. Alterations in the sialylation status in a distinct area of tissues or in a specific cell population may, therefore, be easily overlooked. Likewise, estimated variations in sialylation in tissue homogenates might be simply the result of a changed cell composition. To overcome these limitations, we employed laser microdissection to isolate defined cell types or functional subunits and cell populations of paraffin embedded specimens which represent the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records. For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. As a proof of principle, this strategy was successfully applied to characterize the sialylation of the apical region of epididymal epithelial cells. Furthermore, it was possible to detect an impaired sialylation during kidney maturation in a transgenic mouse model, which was restricted to glomeruli, whereas no differences in sialylation were observed when whole kidney homogenates were used. Thus, starting from paraffin embedded tissue samples, the outlined approach offers a sensitive method to detect and quantify sialic acids on defined cell populations, which may be useful to explore novel sialic acid dependent roles during physiological and pathological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bartel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University , Friedrichstr. 24, Giessen, D-35392, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Brennaman LH, Moss ML, Maness PF. EphrinA/EphA-induced ectodomain shedding of neural cell adhesion molecule regulates growth cone repulsion through ADAM10 metalloprotease. J Neurochem 2013; 128:267-79. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leann H. Brennaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | | | - Patricia F. Maness
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Simon P, Bäumner S, Busch O, Röhrich R, Kaese M, Richterich P, Wehrend A, Müller K, Gerardy-Schahn R, Mühlenhoff M, Geyer H, Geyer R, Middendorff R, Galuska SP. Polysialic acid is present in mammalian semen as a post-translational modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM and the polysialyltransferase ST8SiaII. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18825-33. [PMID: 23671285 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.451112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization in animals is a complex sequence of several biochemical events beginning with the insemination into the female reproductive tract and, finally, leading to embryogenesis. Studies by Kitajima and co-workers (Miyata, S., Sato, C., and Kitajima, K. (2007) Trends Glycosci. Glyc, 19, 85-98) demonstrated the presence of polysialic acid (polySia) on sea urchin sperm. Based on these results, we became interested in the potential involvement of sialic acid polymers in mammalian fertilization. Therefore, we isolated human sperm and performed analyses, including Western blotting and mild 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene-HPLC, that revealed the presence α2,8-linked polySia chains. Further analysis by a glyco-proteomics approach led to the identification of two polySia carriers. Interestingly, besides the neural cell adhesion molecule, the polysialyltransferase ST8SiaII has also been found to be a target for polysialylation. Further analysis of testis and epididymis tissue sections demonstrated that only epithelial cells of the caput were polySia-positive. During the epididymal transit, polySia carriers were partially integrated into the sperm membrane of the postacrosomal region. Because polySia is known to counteract histone as well as neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated cytotoxicity against host cells, which plays a role after insemination, we propose that polySia in semen represents a cytoprotective element to increase the number of vital sperm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Simon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|