1
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Babin KM, Gostynska SE, Karim JA, Pioszak AA. Variable CGRP family peptide signaling durations and the structural determinants thereof. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116235. [PMID: 38670438 PMCID: PMC11102832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptides alpha and beta (αCGRP, βCGRP), adrenomedullin (AM), and adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) function in pain signaling, neuroimmune communication, and regulation of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems by activating either of two class B GPCRs, CLR and CTR, in complex with a RAMP1, -2, or -3 modulatory subunit. Inspired by our recent discovery that AM2/IMD(1-47) activation of CLR-RAMP3 elicits long duration cAMP signaling, here we used a live-cell cAMP biosensor assay to characterize the signaling kinetics of the two CGRP peptides and several bioactive AM and AM2/IMD fragments with variable N-terminal extensions. Remarkably, AM2/IMD(8-47) and AM2/IMD-53 exhibited even longer duration signaling than the 1-47 fragment. AM2/IMD(8-47) was a striking 8-fold longer acting than AM(13-52) at CLR-RAMP3. In contrast, the N-terminal extension of AM had no effect on signaling duration. AM(1-52) and (13-52) were equally short-acting. Analysis of AM2/IMD-AM mid-region chimeras and AM2/IMD R23 and R33 point mutants showed the importance of these residues for long-duration signaling and identified AM2/IMD peptides that exhibited up to 17-fold diminished signaling duration at CLR-RAMP3, while retaining near wildtype signaling potencies. βCGRP was ∼ 3-fold longer acting than αCGRP at the CGRP (CLR-RAMP1) and the amylin1 (CTR-RAMP1) receptors. Chimeric CGRP peptides showed that the single residue difference near the N-terminus, and the two differences in the mid-region, equally contributed to the longer duration of βCGRP signaling. This work uncovers key temporal differences in cAMP signaling among the CGRP family peptides, elucidates the structural bases thereof, and provides pharmacological tools for studying long-duration AM2/IMD signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Babin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Sandra E Gostynska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Jordan A Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
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2
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Harris NR, Bálint L, Dy DM, Nielsen NR, Méndez HG, Aghajanian A, Caron KM. The ebb and flow of cardiac lymphatics: a tidal wave of new discoveries. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:391-432. [PMID: 35953269 PMCID: PMC9576179 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00052.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is imbued with a vast lymphatic network that is responsible for fluid homeostasis and immune cell trafficking. Disturbances in the forces that regulate microvascular fluid movement can result in myocardial edema, which has profibrotic and proinflammatory consequences and contributes to cardiovascular dysfunction. This review explores the complex relationship between cardiac lymphatics, myocardial edema, and cardiac disease. It covers the revised paradigm of microvascular forces and fluid movement around the capillary as well as the arsenal of preclinical tools and animal models used to model myocardial edema and cardiac disease. Clinical studies of myocardial edema and their prognostic significance are examined in parallel to the recent elegant animal studies discerning the pathophysiological role and therapeutic potential of cardiac lymphatics in different cardiovascular disease models. This review highlights the outstanding questions of interest to both basic scientists and clinicians regarding the roles of cardiac lymphatics in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Harris
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - László Bálint
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Danielle M Dy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Natalie R Nielsen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hernán G Méndez
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Amir Aghajanian
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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3
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Nakayama A, Roquid KA, Iring A, Strilic B, Günther S, Chen M, Weinstein LS, Offermanns S. Suppression of CCL2 angiocrine function by adrenomedullin promotes tumor growth. J Exp Med 2022; 220:213682. [PMID: 36374225 PMCID: PMC9665902 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells and endothelial cells regulate each other. While tumor cells induce angiogenic responses in endothelial cells, endothelial cells release angiocrine factors, which act on tumor cells and other stromal cells. We report that tumor cell-derived adrenomedullin has a pro-angiogenic as well as a direct tumor-promoting effect, and that endothelium-derived CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) suppresses adrenomedullin-induced tumor cell proliferation. Loss of the endothelial adrenomedullin receptor CALCRL or of the G-protein Gs reduced endothelial proliferation. Surprisingly, tumor cell proliferation was also reduced after endothelial deletion of CALCRL or Gs. We identified CCL2 as a critical angiocrine factor whose formation is inhibited by adrenomedullin. Furthermore, CCL2 inhibited adrenomedullin formation in tumor cells through its receptor CCR2. Consistently, loss of endothelial CCL2 or tumor cell CCR2 normalized the reduced tumor growth seen in mice lacking endothelial CALCRL or Gs. Our findings show tumor-promoting roles of adrenomedullin and identify CCL2 as an angiocrine factor controlling adrenomedullin formation by tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany,Correspondence to Akiko Nakayama:
| | - Kenneth Anthony Roquid
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - András Iring
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Boris Strilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA
| | - Lee S. Weinstein
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany,Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany,Cardiopulmonary Institute, Bad Nauheim, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany,Stefan Offermanns:
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4
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Song Z, Chen B, Tsai CH, Wu D, Liu E, Hawkins IS, Phan A, Auman JT, Tao Y, Mei H. Differentiation Trajectory of Limbal Stem and Progenitor Cells under Normal Homeostasis and upon Corneal Wounding. Cells 2022; 11:cells11131983. [PMID: 35805068 PMCID: PMC9266118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal stem cells (LSCs) reside discretely at limbus surrounded by niche cells and progenitor cells. The aim of this study is to identify the heterogeneous cell populations at limbus under normal homeostasis and upon wounding using single-cell RNA sequencing in a mouse model. Two putative LSC types were identified which showed a differentiation trajectory into limbal progenitor cell (LPC) types under normal homeostasis and during wound healing. They were designated as “putative active LSCs” and “putative quiescent LSCs”, respectively, because the former type actively divided upon wounding while the later type stayed at a quiescent status upon wounding. The “putative quiescent LSCs” might contribute to a barrier function due to their characteristic markers regulating vascular and epithelial barrier and growth. Different types of LPCs at different proliferative statuses were identified in unwounded and wounded corneas with distinctive markers. Four maturation markers (Aldh3, Slurp1, Tkt, and Krt12) were screened out for corneal epithelium, which showed an increased expression along the differentiation trajectory during corneal epithelial maturation. In conclusion, our study identified two different types of putative LSCs and several types of putative LPCs under normal homeostasis and upon wounding, which will facilitate the understanding of corneal epithelial regeneration and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Z.S.); (C.-H.T.); (E.L.); (I.S.H.)
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Brian Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.C.); (D.W.)
| | - Chi-Hao Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Z.S.); (C.-H.T.); (E.L.); (I.S.H.)
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.C.); (D.W.)
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Research, Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Emily Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Z.S.); (C.-H.T.); (E.L.); (I.S.H.)
| | - Isha Sharday Hawkins
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Z.S.); (C.-H.T.); (E.L.); (I.S.H.)
| | - Andrew Phan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - James Todd Auman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.T.A.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yazhong Tao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.T.A.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hua Mei
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Z.S.); (C.-H.T.); (E.L.); (I.S.H.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence:
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5
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Lymphatic Tissue Bioengineering for the Treatment of Postsurgical Lymphedema. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040162. [PMID: 35447722 PMCID: PMC9025804 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lymphedema is characterized by progressive and chronic tissue swelling and inflammation from local accumulation of interstitial fluid due to lymphatic injury or dysfunction. It is a debilitating condition that significantly impacts a patient's quality of life, and has limited treatment options. With better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of lymphedema and advances in tissue engineering technologies, lymphatic tissue bioengineering and regeneration have emerged as a potential therapeutic option for postsurgical lymphedema. Various strategies involving stem cells, lymphangiogenic factors, bioengineered matrices and mechanical stimuli allow more precisely controlled regeneration of lymphatic tissue at the site of lymphedema without subjecting patients to complications or iatrogenic injuries associated with surgeries. This review provides an overview of current innovative approaches of lymphatic tissue bioengineering that represent a promising treatment option for postsurgical lymphedema.
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6
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Lee S. Peptide ligand interaction with maltose-binding protein tagged to the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor: The inhibitory role of receptor N-glycosylation. Peptides 2022; 150:170735. [PMID: 35007660 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM) are peptide hormones and their receptors play a critical role in migraine progression and blood pressure control, respectively. CGRP and AM receptors are structurally related since they are the complex of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) with the different types of receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP). Several crystal structures of the CGRP and AM receptor extracellular domain (ECD) used maltose-binding protein (MBP) as a tag protein to facilitate crystallization. Unexpectedly, the recent crystal structures of CGRP receptor ECD showed that the N-terminal tag MBP located in proximity of bound/mutated peptide ligands. This study provided evidence that MBP N-terminally tagged to the CGRP receptor ECD formed chemical interaction with the mutated peptide ligands. Interestingly, N-glycosylation of the CGRP receptor ECD was predicted to prevent MBP docking to the mutated peptide ligands. I found that the N-glycosylation of CLR ECD N123 was the most critical for inhibiting MBP interaction with the mutated peptide ligands. The MBP tag protein interaction was also dependent on the sequence of the peptide ligands. In contrast to the CGRP receptor, the MBP tag was not involved in peptide ligand binding at AM receptor ECD. Here, I provided evidence that N-glycosylation of the CGRP receptor ECD inhibited the tag protein interaction suggesting an additional function of N-glycosylation in the MBP-fused CGRP receptor ECD. This study reveals the importance of using tag protein-free versions of the CGRP receptor for the accurate assessment of peptide binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Lee
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA.
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7
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Rezzola S, Sigmund EC, Halin C, Ronca R. The lymphatic vasculature: An active and dynamic player in cancer progression. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:576-614. [PMID: 34486138 PMCID: PMC9291933 DOI: 10.1002/med.21855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature has been widely described and explored for its key functions in fluid homeostasis and in the organization and modulation of the immune response. Besides transporting immune cells, lymphatic vessels play relevant roles in tumor growth and tumor cell dissemination. Cancer cells that have invaded into afferent lymphatics are propagated to tumor‐draining lymph nodes (LNs), which represent an important hub for metastatic cell arrest and growth, immune modulation, and secondary dissemination to distant sites. In recent years many studies have reported new mechanisms by which the lymphatic vasculature affects cancer progression, ranging from induction of lymphangiogenesis to metastatic niche preconditioning or immune modulation. In this review, we provide an up‐to‐date description of lymphatic organization and function in peripheral tissues and in LNs and the changes induced to this system by tumor growth and progression. We will specifically focus on the reported interactions that occur between tumor cells and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), as well as on interactions between immune cells and LECs, both in the tumor microenvironment and in tumor‐draining LNs. Moreover, the most recent prognostic and therapeutic implications of lymphatics in cancer will be reported and discussed in light of the new immune‐modulatory roles that have been ascribed to LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena C Sigmund
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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8
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Chen HL, Su YC, Chen HC, Su JH, Wu CY, Wang SW, Lin IP, Chen CY, Lee CH. Heteronemin Suppresses Lymphangiogenesis through ARF-1 and MMP-9/VE-Cadherin/Vimentin. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091109. [PMID: 34572295 PMCID: PMC8471334 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is a biological procedure associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases, especially in tumor metastasis. Therefore, regulation of lymphangiogenesis has become a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-lymphangiogenic effect of heteronemin (SP-1) isolated from the sponge Hyrtios sp. in vitro and in vivo. Human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were utilized to evaluate the anti-lymphangiogenic effect of SP-1 in vitro. Molecular docking, western blotting, flow-cytometry, MTT and ELISA were performed to investigate the mechanism of action. For in vivo approaches, the transgenic (fli1:EGFP; gata1:DsRed) zebrafish and mouse ear sponges were used. Molecular docking studies showed that SP-1 is a potent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3)-binding compound. Treatment of LEC with SP-1 reduced the phosphorylation of VEGFR-3. SP-1 suppressed the development of the thoracic duct in zebrafish and mouse lymphangiogenesis ear sponges in vivo. Mechanistically, SP-1 induced the cell cycle arrest of LECs in the G0/G1 phase and reduced the downstream of VEGFR-3, such as phosphorylated MEK/ERK and NF-κB. In addition, SP-1 inhibited LECs' tubulogenesis and migration through the ARF-1 and MMP-9/VE-cadherin/vimentin. Overall, anti-lymphangiogenic properties of SP-1 occur by downregulating the VEGFR-3 cascade, ARF-1 and MMP-9/VE-cadherin/vimentin. Collectively, these results proposed that SP-1 might be a potential candidate for the treatment of lymphangiogenesis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Lin Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Liuying Chi-Mei Medical, Tainan 73657, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chieh Su
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840203, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan;
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94401, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252005, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - In-Pin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7312-1101 (ext. 2139); Fax: +886-7323-4686
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9
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Fischer JP, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin - Current perspective on a peptide hormone with significant therapeutic potential. Peptides 2020; 131:170347. [PMID: 32569606 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The peptide hormone adrenomedullin (ADM) consists of 52 amino acids and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of many physiological processes, particularly those of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system. Like calcitonin (CT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), intermedin (IMD) and amylin (AMY), it belongs to the CT/CGRP family of peptide hormones, which despite their low little sequence identity share certain characteristic structural features as well as a complex multicomponent receptor system. ADM, IMD and CGRP exert their biological effects by activation of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) as a complex with one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP), which alter the ligand affinity. Selectivity within the receptor system is largely mediated by the amidated C-terminus of the peptide hormones, which bind to the extracellular domains of the receptors. This enables their N-terminus consisting of a disulfide-bonded ring structure and a helical segment to bind within the transmembrane region and to induce an active receptor confirmation. ADM is expressed in a variety of tissues in the human body and is fundamentally involved in multitude biological processes. Thus, it is of interest as a diagnostic marker and a promising candidate for therapeutic interventions. In order to fully exploit the potential of ADM, it is necessary to improve its pharmacological profile by increasing the metabolic stability and, ideally, creating receptor subtype-selective analogs. While several successful attempts to prolong the half-life of ADM were recently reported, improving or even retaining receptor selectivity remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Patrick Fischer
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Honda M, Ito Y, Hattori K, Hosono K, Sekiguchi K, Tsujikawa K, Unno N, Majima M. Inhibition of receptor activity-modifying protein 1 suppresses the development of endometriosis and the formation of blood and lymphatic vessels. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11984-11997. [PMID: 32869443 PMCID: PMC7578853 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimmune interactions are involved in the development of endometriosis. Here, we examined the role of a neuropeptide, calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP), and its receptor, receptor activity–modifying protein (RAMP) 1, in growth of endometrial tissues and the formation of blood and lymphatic vessels in a mouse ectopic endometrial transplantation model. Endometrial fragments from donor wild‐type (WT) mice transplanted into the peritoneal wall of recipient WT mice grew with increased density of blood and lymphatic vessels. When tissues from RAMP1‐deficient (RAMP1−/−) mice were transplanted into RAMP1−/− mice, implant growth and angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis were decreased. CGRP was up‐regulated in dorsal root ganglia, and CGRP+ nerve fibres were distributed into the implants from the peritoneum. RAMP1 was co‐expressed with CD11b (macrophages) and S100A4 (fibroblasts), but did not co‐localize with blood vessel endothelial cell marker CD31 or lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor (LYVE)‐1. Cultured with CGRP, macrophages up‐regulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A, VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D, whereas fibroblasts up‐regulated VEGF‐C, but not VEGF‐A or VEGF‐D, in a RAMP1‐dependent manner. CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP8‐37 inhibited growth of and angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis within endometrial tissue implants. These results suggest that RAMP1 signalling is crucial for growth and angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis in endometrial tissue. Blockade of RAMP1 is a potential tool for the treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Honda
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hattori
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kanako Hosono
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sekiguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuya Unno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Medical Therapeutics, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Japan
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11
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Roehrkasse AM, Warner ML, Booe JM, Pioszak AA. Biochemical characterization of G protein coupling to calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin receptors using a native PAGE assay. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9736-9751. [PMID: 32487746 PMCID: PMC7363127 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), adrenomedullin (AM), and adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) have overlapping and unique functions in the nervous and circulatory systems including vasodilation, cardioprotection, and pain transmission. Their actions are mediated by the class B calcitonin-like G protein-coupled receptor (CLR), which heterodimerizes with three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP1-3) that determine its peptide ligand selectivity. How the three agonists and RAMPs modulate CLR binding to transducer proteins remains poorly understood. Here, we biochemically characterized agonist-promoted G protein coupling to each CLR·RAMP complex. We adapted a native PAGE method to assess the formation and thermostabilities of detergent-solubilized fluorescent protein-tagged CLR·RAMP complexes expressed in mammalian cells. Addition of agonist and the purified Gs protein surrogate mini-Gs (mGs) yielded a mobility-shifted agonist·CLR·RAMP·mGs quaternary complex gel band that was sensitive to antagonists. Measuring the apparent affinities of the agonists for the mGs-coupled receptors and of mGs for the agonist-occupied receptors revealed that both ligand and RAMP control mGs coupling and defined how agonist engagement of the CLR extracellular and transmembrane domains affects transducer recruitment. Using mini-Gsq and -Gsi chimeras, we observed a coupling rank order of mGs > mGsq > mGsi for each receptor. Last, we demonstrated the physiological relevance of the native gel assays by showing that they can predict the cAMP-signaling potencies of AM and AM2/IMD chimeras. These results highlight the power of the native PAGE assay for membrane protein biochemistry and provide a biochemical foundation for understanding the molecular basis of shared and distinct signaling properties of CGRP, AM, and AM2/IMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Roehrkasse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Margaret L Warner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jason M Booe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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12
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Zhang F, Zarkada G, Yi S, Eichmann A. Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Junctions: Molecular Regulation in Physiology and Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:509. [PMID: 32547411 PMCID: PMC7274196 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) lining lymphatic vessels develop specialized cell-cell junctions that are crucial for the maintenance of vessel integrity and proper lymphatic vascular functions. Successful lymphatic drainage requires a division of labor between lymphatic capillaries that take up lymph via open "button-like" junctions, and collectors that transport lymph to veins, which have tight "zipper-like" junctions that prevent lymph leakage. In recent years, progress has been made in the understanding of these specialized junctions, as a result of the application of state-of-the-art imaging tools and novel transgenic animal models. In this review, we discuss lymphatic development and mechanisms governing junction remodeling between button and zipper-like states in LECs. Understanding lymphatic junction remodeling is important in order to unravel lymphatic drainage regulation in obesity and inflammatory diseases and may pave the way towards future novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Georgia Zarkada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sanjun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
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13
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Liang YL, Belousoff MJ, Fletcher MM, Zhang X, Khoshouei M, Deganutti G, Koole C, Furness SGB, Miller LJ, Hay DL, Christopoulos A, Reynolds CA, Danev R, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Structure and Dynamics of Adrenomedullin Receptors AM 1 and AM 2 Reveal Key Mechanisms in the Control of Receptor Phenotype by Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:263-284. [PMID: 32296767 PMCID: PMC7155201 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors are critically important for metabolism, vascular tone, and inflammatory response. AM receptors are also required for normal lymphatic and blood vascular development and angiogenesis. They play a pivotal role in embryo implantation and fertility and can provide protection against hypoxic and oxidative stress. CGRP and AM receptors are heterodimers of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) (CGRPR), as well as RAMP2 or RAMP3 (AM1R and AM2R, respectively). However, the mechanistic basis for RAMP modulation of CLR phenotype is unclear. In this study, we report the cryo-EM structure of the AM1R in complex with AM and Gs at a global resolution of 3.0 Å, and structures of the AM2R in complex with either AM or intermedin/adrenomedullin 2 (AM2) and Gs at 2.4 and 2.3 Å, respectively. The structures reveal distinctions in the primary orientation of the extracellular domains (ECDs) relative to the receptor core and distinct positioning of extracellular loop 3 (ECL3) that are receptor-dependent. Analysis of dynamic data present in the cryo-EM micrographs revealed additional distinctions in the extent of mobility of the ECDs. Chimeric exchange of the linker region of the RAMPs connecting the TM helix and the ECD supports a role for this segment in controlling receptor phenotype. Moreover, a subset of the motions of the ECD appeared coordinated with motions of the G protein relative to the receptor core, suggesting that receptor ECD dynamics could influence G protein interactions. This work provides fundamental advances in our understanding of GPCR function and how this can be allosterically modulated by accessory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lynn Liang
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Belousoff
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Madeleine M. Fletcher
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xin Zhang
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maryam Khoshouei
- Department
of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck
Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Cassandra Koole
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sebastian G. B. Furness
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laurence J. Miller
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
- Department
of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- School
of Biological Sciences, and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate
School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, S402, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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14
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Pioszak AA, Hay DL. RAMPs as allosteric modulators of the calcitonin and calcitonin-like class B G protein-coupled receptors. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 88:115-141. [PMID: 32416865 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a family of three single span transmembrane proteins in humans that interact with many GPCRs and can modulate their function. RAMPs were discovered as key components of the calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin receptors. They are required for transport of this class B GPCR, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), to the cell surface and determine its peptide ligand binding preferences. Soon thereafter RAMPs were shown to modulate the binding of calcitonin and amylin peptides to the related calcitonin receptor (CTR) and in the years since an ever-growing number of RAMP-interacting receptors have been identified including most if not all of the 15 class B GPCRs and several GPCRs from other families. Studies of CLR, CTR, and a handful of other GPCRs revealed that RAMPs are able to modulate various aspects of receptor function including trafficking, ligand binding, and signaling. Here, we review RAMP interactions and functions with an emphasis on class B receptors for which our understanding is most advanced. A key focus is to discuss recent evidence that RAMPs serve as endogenous allosteric modulators of CLR and CTR. We discuss structural studies of RAMP-CLR complexes and CTR and biochemical and pharmacological studies that collectively have significantly expanded our understanding of the mechanistic basis for RAMP modulation of these class B GPCRs. Last, we consider the implications of these findings for drug development targeting RAMP-CLR/CTR complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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15
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Fischer J, Schönauer R, Els‐Heindl S, Bierer D, Koebberling J, Riedl B, Beck‐Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin disulfide bond mimetics uncover structural requirements for AM1receptor activation. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3147. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Patrick Fischer
- Institut für Biochemie, Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, Universität Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Ria Schönauer
- Institut für Biochemie, Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, Universität Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Sylvia Els‐Heindl
- Institut für Biochemie, Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, Universität Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | | | | | - Bernd Riedl
- Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A Wuppertal Germany
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16
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Urner S, Planas-Paz L, Hilger LS, Henning C, Branopolski A, Kelly-Goss M, Stanczuk L, Pitter B, Montanez E, Peirce SM, Mäkinen T, Lammert E. Identification of ILK as a critical regulator of VEGFR3 signalling and lymphatic vascular growth. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201899322. [PMID: 30518533 PMCID: PMC6331728 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐3 (VEGFR3) signalling promotes lymphangiogenesis. While there are many reported mechanisms of VEGFR3 activation, there is little understanding of how VEGFR3 signalling is attenuated to prevent lymphatic vascular overgrowth and ensure proper lymph vessel development. Here, we show that endothelial cell‐specific depletion of integrin‐linked kinase (ILK) in mouse embryos hyper‐activates VEGFR3 signalling and leads to overgrowth of the jugular lymph sacs/primordial thoracic ducts, oedema and embryonic lethality. Lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)‐specific deletion of Ilk in adult mice initiates lymphatic vascular expansion in different organs, including cornea, skin and myocardium. Knockdown of ILK in human LECs triggers VEGFR3 tyrosine phosphorylation and proliferation. ILK is further found to impede interactions between VEGFR3 and β1 integrin in vitro and in vivo, and endothelial cell‐specific deletion of an Itgb1 allele rescues the excessive lymphatic vascular growth observed upon ILK depletion. Finally, mechanical stimulation disrupts the assembly of ILK and β1 integrin, releasing the integrin to enable its interaction with VEGFR3. Our data suggest that ILK facilitates mechanically regulated VEGFR3 signalling via controlling its interaction with β1 integrin and thus ensures proper development of lymphatic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Urner
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lara Planas-Paz
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Sophie Hilger
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carina Henning
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Branopolski
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Molly Kelly-Goss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lukas Stanczuk
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bettina Pitter
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany .,Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
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17
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Fischer JP, Els-Heindl S, Schönauer R, Bierer D, Köbberling J, Riedl B, Beck-Sickinger AG. The Impact of Adrenomedullin Thr22 on Selectivity within the Calcitonin Receptor-like Receptor/Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein System. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1797-1805. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Patrick Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Ria Schönauer
- Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Donald Bierer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Bayer AG; Aprather Weg 18 A 42096 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Johannes Köbberling
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Bayer AG; Aprather Weg 18 A 42096 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Bernd Riedl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Bayer AG; Aprather Weg 18 A 42096 Wuppertal Germany
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18
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Thomson CA, van de Pavert SA, Stakenborg M, Labeeuw E, Matteoli G, Mowat AM, Nibbs RJB. Expression of the Atypical Chemokine Receptor ACKR4 Identifies a Novel Population of Intestinal Submucosal Fibroblasts That Preferentially Expresses Endothelial Cell Regulators. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:215-229. [PMID: 29760193 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are expressed by discrete populations of stromal cells at specific anatomical locations where they control leukocyte migration by scavenging or transporting chemokines. ACKR4 is an atypical receptor for CCL19, CCL21, and CCL25. In skin, ACKR4 plays indispensable roles in regulating CCR7-dependent APC migration, and there is a paucity of migratory APCs in the skin-draining lymph nodes of Ackr4-deficient mice under steady-state and inflammatory conditions. This is caused by loss of ACKR4-mediated CCL19/21 scavenging by keratinocytes and lymphatic endothelial cells. In contrast, we show in this study that Ackr4 deficiency does not affect dendritic cell abundance in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes, at steady state or after R848-induced mobilization. Moreover, Ackr4 expression is largely restricted to mesenchymal cells in the intestine, where it identifies a previously uncharacterized population of fibroblasts residing exclusively in the submucosa. Compared with related Ackr4- mesenchymal cells, these Ackr4+ fibroblasts have elevated expression of genes encoding endothelial cell regulators and lie in close proximity to submucosal blood and lymphatic vessels. We also provide evidence that Ackr4+ fibroblasts form physical interactions with lymphatic endothelial cells, and engage in molecular interactions with these cells via the VEGFD/VEGFR3 and CCL21/ACKR4 pathways. Thus, intestinal submucosal fibroblasts in mice are a distinct population of intestinal mesenchymal cells that can be identified by their expression of Ackr4 and have transcriptional and anatomical properties that strongly suggest roles in endothelial cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Thomson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Serge A van de Pavert
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France; and
| | - Michelle Stakenborg
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Catholic University Leuven, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Labeeuw
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Catholic University Leuven, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Catholic University Leuven, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Allan McI Mowat
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom;
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19
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Booe JM, Warner ML, Roehrkasse AM, Hay DL, Pioszak AA. Probing the Mechanism of Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein Modulation of GPCR Ligand Selectivity through Rational Design of Potent Adrenomedullin and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Antagonists. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:355-367. [PMID: 29363552 PMCID: PMC5832325 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of the vasodilator peptides adrenomedullin (AM) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to the class B G protein-coupled receptor calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) is modulated by receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). RAMP1 favors CGRP, whereas RAMP2 and RAMP3 favor AM. Crystal structures of peptide-bound RAMP1/2-CLR extracellular domain (ECD) heterodimers suggested RAMPs alter ligand preference through direct peptide contacts and allosteric modulation of CLR. Here, we probed this dual mechanism through rational structure-guided design of AM and CGRP antagonist variants. Variants were characterized for binding to purified RAMP1/2-CLR ECD and for antagonism of the full-length CGRP (RAMP1:CLR), AM1 (RAMP2:CLR), and AM2 (RAMP3:CLR) receptors. Short nanomolar affinity AM(37-52) and CGRP(27-37) variants were obtained through substitutions including AM S45W/Q50W and CGRP K35W/A36S designed to stabilize their β-turn. K46L and Y52F substitutions designed to exploit RAMP allosteric effects and direct peptide contacts, respectively, yielded AM variants with selectivity for the CGRP receptor over the AM1 receptor. AM(37-52) S45W/K46L/Q50W/Y52F exhibited nanomolar potency at the CGRP receptor and micromolar potency at AM1 A 2.8-Å resolution crystal structure of this variant bound to the RAMP1-CLR ECD confirmed that it bound as designed. CGRP(27-37) N31D/S34P/K35W/A36S exhibited potency and selectivity comparable to the traditional antagonist CGRP(8-37). Giving this variant the ability to contact RAMP2 through the F37Y substitution increased affinity for AM1, but it still preferred the CGRP receptor. These potent peptide antagonists with altered selectivity inform the development of AM/CGRP-based pharmacological tools and support the hypothesis that RAMPs alter CLR ligand selectivity through allosteric effects and direct peptide contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Booe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (J.M.B., M.L.W., A.M.R., A.A.P.) and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (D.L.H.)
| | - Margaret L Warner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (J.M.B., M.L.W., A.M.R., A.A.P.) and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (D.L.H.)
| | - Amanda M Roehrkasse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (J.M.B., M.L.W., A.M.R., A.A.P.) and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (D.L.H.)
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (J.M.B., M.L.W., A.M.R., A.A.P.) and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (D.L.H.)
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (J.M.B., M.L.W., A.M.R., A.A.P.) and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (D.L.H.)
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20
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Menon RT, Shrestha AK, Shivanna B. Hyperoxia exposure disrupts adrenomedullin signaling in newborn mice: Implications for lung development in premature infants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:666-671. [PMID: 28438602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyperoxia contributes to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of human infants that is characterized by disrupted lung angiogenesis. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide with angiogenic and vasoprotective properties. AM signals via its cognate receptors, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (Calcrl) and receptor activity-modifying protein 2 (RAMP2). Whether hyperoxia affects the pulmonary AM signaling pathway in neonatal mice and whether AM promotes lung angiogenesis in human infants are unknown. Therefore, we tested the following hypotheses: (1) hyperoxia exposure will disrupt AM signaling during the lung development period in neonatal mice; and (2) AM will promote angiogenesis in fetal human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) via extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 activation. We initially determined AM, Calcrl, and RAMP2 mRNA levels in mouse lungs on postnatal days (PND) 3, 7, 14, and 28. Next we determined the mRNA expression of these genes in neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia (70% O2) for up to 14 d. Finally, using HPAECs, we evaluated if AM activates ERK1/2 and promotes tubule formation and cell migration. Lung AM, Calcrl, and RAMP2 mRNA expression increased from PND 3 and peaked at PND 14, a time period during which lung development occurs in mice. Interestingly, hyperoxia exposure blunted this peak expression in neonatal mice. In HPAECs, AM activated ERK1/2 and promoted tubule formation and cell migration. These findings support our hypotheses, emphasizing that AM signaling axis is a potential therapeutic target for human infants with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka T Menon
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Amrit Kumar Shrestha
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Binoy Shivanna
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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21
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Schönauer R, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin - new perspectives of a potent peptide hormone. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:472-485. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ria Schönauer
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
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22
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Ji RC. Lymph Nodes and Cancer Metastasis: New Perspectives on the Role of Intranodal Lymphatic Sinuses. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010051. [PMID: 28036019 PMCID: PMC5297686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is essential for transporting interstitial fluid, soluble antigen, and immune cells from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes (LNs). Functional integrity of LNs is dependent on intact lymphatics and effective lymph drainage. Molecular mechanisms that facilitate interactions between tumor cells and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) during tumor progression still remain to be identified. The cellular and molecular structures of LNs are optimized to trigger a rapid and efficient immune response, and to participate in the process of tumor metastasis by stimulating lymphangiogenesis and establishing a premetastatic niche in LNs. Several molecules, e.g., S1P, CCR7-CCL19/CCL21, CXCL12/CXCR4, IL-7, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and integrin α4β1 play an important role in controlling the activity of LN stromal cells including LECs, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) and follicular dendritic cells (DCs). The functional stromal cells are critical for reconstruction and remodeling of the LN that creates a unique microenvironment of tumor cells and LECs for cancer metastasis. LN metastasis is a major determinant for the prognosis of most human cancers and clinical management. Ongoing work to elucidate the function and molecular regulation of LN lymphatic sinuses will provide insight into cancer development mechanisms and improve therapeutic approaches for human malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Cheng Ji
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Science, Oita University, Oita 870-1192, Japan.
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Bowers S, Norden P, Davis G. Molecular Signaling Pathways Controlling Vascular Tube Morphogenesis and Pericyte-Induced Tube Maturation in 3D Extracellular Matrices. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 77:241-80. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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