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Zhang J, Liu Y, Chang J, Zhang R, Liu Z, Liang J, Wang D, Feng J, Zhao W, Xiao H. Shh Gene Regulates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Dermal Papilla Cells to Affect Its Differential Expression in Secondary Hair Follicle Growth Cycle of Cashmere Goats. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2049. [PMID: 39061511 PMCID: PMC11273991 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a component of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, playing an important role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and the repair of damaged organisms. To further clarify the expression pattern of Shh gene in the secondary hair follicle growth cycle of cashmere goats and its mechanism of action on secondary hair follicle papilla cells, and improve cashmere quality, in this study, we took Inner Mongolia Albas white cashmere goats as the research objects and collected skin samples at different growth stages to obtain secondary hair follicles, detected Shh and its gene expression by RT-qPCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other techniques, while we also cultured DPCs in vitro. Shh gene overexpression and interference vectors were constructed, and the effects of Shh gene on the proliferation and apoptosis of DPCs were studied through cell transfection technology. The results showed that there are significant differences in Shh and its gene expression in the secondary hair follicle growth cycle skins of cashmere goats, with the highest expression level in anagen, followed by catagen, and the lowest expression level in telogen. Shh was mainly expressed in the inner root sheath, outer root sheath, and secondary hair follicle papilla. After the overexpression of Shh gene, the proliferation and vitality of the hair papilla cells were enhanced compared to the interference group. After Shh gene interference, the apoptosis rate of the cells increased, indicating that Shh gene can regulate downstream Ptch, Smo, and Gli2 gene expression to promote the proliferation of DPCs, and thus form its expression pattern in the secondary hair follicle growth cycle of cashmere goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Yujing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Jiale Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Zhaomin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Jiayue Liang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Juan Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Hongmei Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010010, China
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Mannan A, Dhiamn S, Garg N, Singh TG. Pharmacological modulation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathways in Angiogenesis: A mechanistic perspective. Dev Biol 2023; 504:58-74. [PMID: 37739118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (SHh) signaling pathway is an imperative operating network that helps in regulates the critical events during the development processes like multicellular embryo growth and patterning. Disruptions in SHh pathway regulation can have severe consequences, including congenital disabilities, stem cell renewal, tissue regeneration, and cancer/tumor growth. Activation of the SHh signal occurs when SHh binds to the receptor complex of Patch (Ptc)-mediated Smoothened (Smo) (Ptc-smo), initiating downstream signaling. This review explores how pharmacological modulation of the SHh pathway affects angiogenesis through canonical and non-canonical pathways. The canonical pathway for angiogenesis involves the activation of angiogenic cytokines such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), stromal cell-derived factor 1α, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and angiopoietins (Ang-1 and Ang-2), which facilitate the process of angiogenesis. The Non-canonical pathway includes indirect activation of certain pathways like iNOS/Netrin-1/PKC, RhoA/Rock, ERK/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch signaling pathway, and so on. This review will provide a better grasp of the mechanistic approach of SHh in mediating angiogenesis, which can aid in the suppression of certain cancer and tumor growths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Sonia Dhiamn
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
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Gilloteaux J, De Swert K, Suain V, Nicaise C. Thalamic Neuron Resilience during Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS) Is Revealed by Primary Cilium Outgrowth and ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B Labeling in Axon Initial Segment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16448. [PMID: 38003639 PMCID: PMC10671465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A murine osmotic demyelinating syndrome (ODS) model was developed through chronic hyponatremia, induced by desmopressin subcutaneous implants, followed by precipitous sodium restoration. The thalamic ventral posterolateral (VPL) and ventral posteromedial (VPM) relay nuclei were the most demyelinated regions where neuroglial damage could be evidenced without immune response. This report showed that following chronic hyponatremia, 12 h and 48 h time lapses after rebalancing osmolarity, amid the ODS-degraded outskirts, some resilient neuronal cell bodies built up primary cilium and axon hillock regions that extended into axon initial segments (AIS) where ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B (ARL13B)-immunolabeled rod-like shape content was revealed. These AIS-labeled shaft lengths appeared proportional with the distance of neuronal cell bodies away from the ODS damaged epicenter and time lapses after correction of hyponatremia. Fine structure examination verified these neuron abundant transcriptions and translation regions marked by the ARL13B labeling associated with cell neurotubules and their complex cytoskeletal macromolecular architecture. This necessitated energetic transport to organize and restore those AIS away from the damaged ODS core demyelinated zone in the murine model. These labeled structures could substantiate how thalamic neuron resilience occurred as possible steps of a healing course out of ODS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Gilloteaux
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (J.G.); (K.D.S.)
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George’s University School of Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 JG8, UK
| | - Kathleen De Swert
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (J.G.); (K.D.S.)
| | - Valérie Suain
- Laboratoire d’Histologie Générale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium;
| | - Charles Nicaise
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (J.G.); (K.D.S.)
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Dong K, Geng C, Zhan X, Sun Z, Pu Q, Li P, Song H, Zhao G, Gao H. GREB1L overexpression is associated with good clinical outcomes in breast cancer. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:510. [PMID: 37964281 PMCID: PMC10644546 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide. GREB1L is a protein-coding gene. Previous studies have shown that GREB1L plays a vital role in lung and gastric adenocarcinoma. Currently, there is no relevant report about its role in breast cancer. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to compare the expression level of GREB1L between tumor and normal tissues. The TISIDB website was used for prognosis analysis. The LinkedOmics database was used to predict the potential biological mechanism of GREB1L in breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the GREB1L expression level in breast tissue. Western blotting was used to detect the GREB1L expression level in cell lines. Transwell assays, CCK-8 cell proliferation assays, and colony formation assays were used to detect the migration, invasion, proliferation, and colony formation abilities of cells. Subcutaneous xenograft models were used to detect the in vivo tumor formation abilities of cells. RESULTS GREB1L is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cells. KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that GREB1L participates in the regulation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway; changes in GREB1L expression affected the migration and invasion abilities of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Although changes in GREB1L expression did not affect their proliferation and colony formation abilities in vitro and in vivo, they affected the expression of tumor metastasis-related genes in vivo. The overexpression of GREB1L in breast cancer predicted a favorable prognosis. CONCLUSION These results showed that GREB1L is involved in the development of breast cancer, and it may be a potential molecular marker for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Dong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), No. 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Chenchen Geng
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), No. 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 58 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Breast Diseases, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 4 Duanxing West Road, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Pu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), No. 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), No. 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyun Song
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), No. 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- Women and Children's Hospital, Peking University People's Hospital (Qingdao), No. 7, Jinsheng 1St Road, Qingdao, 266111, Shandong, China.
- Medical Laboratory Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), No. 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
| | - Haidong Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), No. 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
- Oncology Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), No. 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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Zhang Y, Xin W, Hu X, Wang H, Ye X, Xu C, Nan Y, Wu Z, Ju D, Fan J. Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling ameliorates foam cell formation by promoting autophagy in early atherosclerosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:740. [PMID: 37963874 PMCID: PMC10646116 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the origin of most foam cells in the early stage of atherosclerotic plaques. However, the mechanism involved in the formation of macrophage-derived foam cell formation remains unclear. Here, we revealed that the hedgehog (Hh) signaling is critical in autophagy-lysosome pathway regulation and macrophage-derived foam cell formation. Inhibition of Hh signaling by vismodegib ameliorated lipid deposition and oxidative stress level in atherosclerotic plaques in high-fat diet-fed apoE-/- mice. For mechanistic study, how the Hh signaling modulate the process of foam cell formation were accessed afterward. Unexpectedly, we found that suppression of Hh signaling in apoE-/- mice had no significant impact on circulating cholesterol levels, indicating that Hh pathway modulate the procession of atherosclerotic plaque not through a traditional lipid-lowing mechanism. Instead, vismodegib was found to accelerate autophagosomes maturation as well as cholesterol efflux in macrophage-derived foam cell and in turn improve foam cell formation, while autophagy inhibitors (LY294002 or CQ) administration significantly attenuated vismodegib-induced cholesterol efflux and reversed the effect on foam cell formation. Therefore, our result demonstrated that inhibition of the Hh signaling pathway increases cholesterol efflux and ameliorates macrophage-derived foam cell formation by promoting autophagy in vitro. Our data thus suggested a novel therapeutic target of atherosclerosis and indicated the potential of vismodegib to treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijuan Xin
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xiaozhi Hu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanqi Wang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomiao Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Caili Xu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyang Nan
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyu Wu
- TAU Cambridge Ltd, The Bradfield Centre UNIT 184, Cambridge Science Park, CB4 0GA, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China.
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China.
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Cai Q, Luo M, Tang Y, Yu M, Yuan F, Gasser GN, Liu X, Engelhardt JF. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Is Essential for Pulmonary Ionocyte Specification in Human and Ferret Airway Epithelia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:295-309. [PMID: 37141531 PMCID: PMC10503308 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0280oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary ionocytes express high levels of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), an anion channel that is critical for hydration of the airways and mucociliary clearance. However, the cellular mechanisms that govern ionocyte specification and function remain unclear. We observed that increased abundance of ionocytes in cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelium was associated with enhanced expression of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) effectors. In this study, we evaluated whether the SHH pathway directly impacts ionocyte differentiation and CFTR function in airway epithelia. Pharmacological HPI1-mediated inhibition of SHH signaling component GLI1 significantly impaired human basal cell specification of ionocytes and ciliated cells but significantly enhanced specification of secretory cells. By contrast, activation of the SHH pathway effector smoothened (SMO) with the chemical agonist SAG significantly enhanced ionocyte specification. The abundance of CFTR+ BSND+ ionocytes under these conditions had a direct relationship with CFTR-mediated currents in differentiated air-liquid interface (ALI) airway cultures. These findings were corroborated in ferret ALI airway cultures generated from basal cells in which the genes encoding the SHH receptor PTCH1 or its intracellular effector SMO were genetically ablated using CRISPR-Cas9, causing aberrant activation or suppression of SHH signaling, respectively. These findings demonstrate that SHH signaling is directly involved in airway basal cell specification of CFTR-expressing pulmonary ionocytes and is likely responsible for enhanced ionocyte abundance in the CF proximal airways. Pharmacologic approaches to enhance ionocyte and reduce secretory cell specification after CFTR gene editing of basal cells may have utility in the treatment of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China; and
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Meihui Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yinghua Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China; and
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Grace N. Gasser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Paradise BD, Gainullin VG, Almada LL, Sigafoos AN, Sen S, Vera RE, Raja Arul GL, Toruner M, Pease DR, Gonzalez AL, Mentucci FM, Grasso DH, Fernandez-Zapico ME. SUFU promotes GLI activity in a Hedgehog-independent manner in pancreatic cancer. Biochem J 2023; 480:1199-1216. [PMID: 37477952 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, through which the GLI family of transcription factors (TF) is stimulated, is commonly observed in cancer cells. One well-established mechanism of this increased activity is through the inactivation of Suppressor of Fused (SUFU), a negative regulator of the Hh pathway. Relief from negative regulation by SUFU facilitates GLI activity and induction of target gene expression. Here, we demonstrate a novel role for SUFU as a promoter of GLI activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In non-ciliated PDAC cells unresponsive to Smoothened agonism, SUFU overexpression increases GLI transcriptional activity. Conversely, knockdown (KD) of SUFU reduces the activity of GLI in PDAC cells. Through array PCR analysis of GLI target genes, we identified B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) among the top candidates down-regulated by SUFU KD. We demonstrate that SUFU KD results in reduced PDAC cell viability, and overexpression of BCL2 partially rescues the effect of reduced cell viability by SUFU KD. Further analysis using as a model GLI1, a major TF activator of the GLI family in PDAC cells, shows the interaction of SUFU and GLI1 in the nucleus through previously characterized domains. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay shows the binding of both SUFU and GLI1 at the promoter of BCL2 in PDAC cells. Finally, we demonstrate that SUFU promotes GLI1 activity without affecting its protein stability. Through our findings, we propose a novel role of SUFU as a positive regulator of GLI1 in PDAC, adding a new mechanism of Hh/GLI signaling pathway regulation in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke D Paradise
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A
| | | | - Luciana L Almada
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A
| | - Ashley N Sigafoos
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A
| | - Sandhya Sen
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A
| | - Renzo E Vera
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A
| | - Glancis Luzeena Raja Arul
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A
| | - Murat Toruner
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A
| | - David R Pease
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A
| | - Alina L Gonzalez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Universidad Nacional de La Pampa - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNLPam-CONICET), La Pampa 6300, Argentina
| | | | - Daniel H Grasso
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Escuela de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
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Weng N, Zhang Z, Tan Y, Zhang X, Wei X, Zhu Q. Repurposing antifungal drugs for cancer therapy. J Adv Res 2023; 48:259-273. [PMID: 36067975 PMCID: PMC10248799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repurposing antifungal drugs in cancer therapy has attracted unprecedented attention in both preclinical and clinical research due to specific advantages, such as safety, high-cost effectiveness and time savings compared with cancer drug discovery. The surprising and encouraging efficacy of antifungal drugs in cancer therapy, mechanistically, is attributed to the overlapping targets or molecular pathways between fungal and cancer pathogenesis. Advancements in omics, informatics and analytical technology have led to the discovery of increasing "off-site" targets from antifungal drugs involved in cancerogenesis, such as smoothened (D477G) inhibition from itraconazole in basal cell carcinoma. AIM OF REVIEW This review illustrates several antifungal drugs repurposed for cancer therapy and reveals the underlying mechanism based on their original target and "off-site" target. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives for the future development and clinical applications of antifungal drugs for cancer therapy are also discussed, providing a refresh understanding of drug repurposing. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review may provide a basic understanding of repurposed antifungal drugs for clinical cancer management, thereby helping antifungal drugs broaden new indications and promote clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningna Weng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian 350011, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunhan Tan
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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9
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Zheng G, Ren J, Shang L, Bao Y. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway: A Role in Pain Processing. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1611-1630. [PMID: 36738366 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pain, as one of the most prevalent clinical symptoms, is a complex physiological and psychological activity. Long-term severe pain can become unbearable to the body. However, existing treatments do not provide satisfactory results. Therefore, new mechanisms and therapeutic targets need to be urgently explored for pain management. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is crucial in embryonic development, cell differentiation and proliferation, and nervous system regulation. Here, we review the recent studies on the Shh signaling pathway and its action in multiple pain-related diseases. The Shh signaling pathway is dysregulated under various pain conditions, such as pancreatic cancer pain, bone cancer pain, chronic post-thoracotomy pain, pain caused by degenerative lumbar disc disease, and toothache. Further studies on the Shh signaling pathway may provide new therapeutic options for pain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Juanxia Ren
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lu Shang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanju Bao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
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10
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Albayrak E, Kocabaş F. Therapeutic targeting and HSC proliferation by small molecules and biologicals. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:425-496. [PMID: 37061339 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have considerably therapeutic value on autologous and allogeneic transplantation for many malignant/non-malignant hematological diseases, especially with improvement of gene therapy. However, acquirement of limited cell dose from HSC sources is the main handicap for successful transplantation. Therefore, many strategies based on the utilization of various cytokines, interaction of stromal cells, modulation of several extrinsic and intrinsic factors have been developed to promote ex vivo functional HSC expansion with high reconstitution ability until today. Besides all these strategies, small molecules become prominent with their ease of use and various advantages when they are translated to the clinic. In the last two decades, several small molecule compounds have been investigated in pre-clinical studies and, some of them were evaluated in different stages of clinical trials for their safety and efficiencies. In this chapter, we will present an overview of HSC biology, function, regulation and also, pharmacological HSC modulation with small molecules from pre-clinical and clinical perspectives.
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11
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A Potent Antagonist of Smoothened in Hedgehog Signaling for Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314505. [PMID: 36498832 PMCID: PMC9739937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the common encephalopathies caused by sudden abnormal discharges of neurons in the brain. About 30% of patients with epilepsy are insensitive and refractory to existing antiseizure medications. The sonic hedgehog signaling pathway is essential to the development and homeostasis of brain. Aberrant sonic hedgehog signaling is increased in refractory epileptic lesions and may involve the etiology of epilepsy. Thus, new inhibitors of Smoothened, a key signal transducer of this signaling pathway are urgently need for refractory epilepsy. We have established a high-throughput screening platform and discovered several active small molecules targeting Smoothened including TT22. Here we show that the novel Smoothened inhibitor TT22 could block the translocation of βarrestin2-GFP to Smoothened, reduce the accumulation of Smoothened on primary cilia, displace Bodipy-cyclopamine binding to Smoothened, and inhibit the expression of downstream Gli transcription factor. Moreover, TT22 inhibits the abnormal seizure-like activity in neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrated that FDA-approved Smoothened inhibitor GDC-0449 and LDE-225 are able to inhibit abnormal seizure-like activity in neurons. Thus, our study suggests that targeting the sonic hedgehog signaling with new small-molecule Smoothened inhibitors might provide a potential new therapeutic avenue for refractory epilepsy.
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12
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Ma X, Guo J, Fu Y, Shen C, Jiang P, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, Fan J, Chai R. G protein-coupled receptors in cochlea: Potential therapeutic targets for hearing loss. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1028125. [PMID: 36311029 PMCID: PMC9596917 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1028125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hearing loss-related diseases caused by different factors is increasing worldwide year by year. Currently, however, the patient’s hearing loss has not been effectively improved. Therefore, there is an urgent need to adopt new treatment measures and treatment techniques to help improve the therapeutic effect of hearing loss. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as crucial cell surface receptors, can widely participate in different physiological and pathological processes, particularly play an essential role in many disease occurrences and be served as promising therapeutic targets. However, no specific drugs on the market have been found to target the GPCRs of the cochlea. Interestingly, many recent studies have demonstrated that GPCRs can participate in various pathogenic process related to hearing loss in the cochlea including heredity, noise, ototoxic drugs, cochlear structure, and so on. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the functions of 53 GPCRs known in the cochlea and their relationships with hearing loss, and highlight the recent advances of new techniques used in cochlear study including cryo-EM, AI, GPCR drug screening, gene therapy vectors, and CRISPR editing technology, as well as discuss in depth the future direction of novel GPCR-based drug development and gene therapy for cochlear hearing loss. Collectively, this review is to facilitate basic and (pre-) clinical research in this area, and provide beneficial help for emerging GPCR-based cochlear therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiamin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoyang Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cangsong Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yafeng Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
- *Correspondence: Yafeng Yu,
| | - Jiangang Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Jiangang Fan,
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Renjie Chai,
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13
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Chen L, Liu M, Yang H, Ren S, Sun Q, Zhao H, Ming T, Tang S, Tao Q, Zeng S, Meng X, Xu H. Ursolic acid inhibits the activation of smoothened-independent non-canonical hedgehog pathway in colorectal cancer by suppressing AKT signaling cascade. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3555-3570. [PMID: 35708264 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It is being brought to light that smoothened (SMO)-independent non-canonical Hedgehog signaling is associated with the pathogenesis of various cancers. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid present in many medicinal herbs, manifests potent effectiveness against multiple malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). In our previous study, UA was found to protect against CRC in vitro by suppression of canonical Hedgehog signaling cascade. Here, the influence of UA on SMO-independent non-canonical Hedgehog signaling in CRC was investigated in the present study, which demonstrated that UA hampered the proliferation and migration, induced the apoptosis of HCT-116hSMO- cells with SMO gene knockdown, accompanied by the augmented expression of the suppressor of fused (SUFU), and lessened levels of MYC (c-Myc), glioma-associated oncogene (GLI1) and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), and lowered phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB, AKT), suggesting that UA diminished non-canonical Hedgehog signal transduction in CRC. In HCT-116hSMO- xenograft tumor, UA ameliorated the symptoms, impeded the growth and caused the apoptosis of CRC, with heightened SUFU expression, and abated levels of MYC, GLI1, and SHH, and mitigated phosphorylation of AKT, indicating that UA down-regulated non-canonical Hedgehog signaling cascade in CRC. Taken together, UA may alleviate CRC by suppressing AKT signaling-dependent activation of SMO-independent non-canonical Hedgehog pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maolun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianqi Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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14
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Smith AE, Sigurbjörnsdóttir ES, Steingrímsson E, Sigurbjörnsdóttir S. Hedgehog signalling in bone and osteoarthritis: the role of Smoothened and cholesterol. FEBS J 2022. [PMID: 35305060 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog signalling is essential for development, crucial for normal anatomical arrangement and activated during tissue damage repair. Dysregulation of hedgehog signalling is associated with cancer, developmental disorders and other diseases including osteoarthritis (OA). The hedgehog gene was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, and the pathway is evolutionarily conserved in most animals. Although there are several hedgehog ligands with different protein expression patterns, they share a common plasma membrane receptor, Patched1 and hedgehog signalling pathway activation is transduced through the G-protein-coupled receptor-like protein Smoothened (SMO) and downstream effectors. Functional assays revealed that activation of SMO is dependent on sterol binding, and cholesterol was observed bound to SMO in crystallography experiments. In vertebrates, hedgehog signalling coordinates endochondral ossification and balances osteoblast and osteoclast activation to maintain homeostasis. A recently discovered mutation of SMO in humans (SMOR173C ) is predicted to alter cholesterol binding and is associated with a higher risk of hip OA. Functional studies in mice and human tissue analysis provide evidence that hedgehog signalling is pathologically activated in chondrocytes of osteoarthritic cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbi Elise Smith
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Elín Sóley Sigurbjörnsdóttir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eiríkur Steingrímsson
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sara Sigurbjörnsdóttir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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15
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Wang X, Jiang L, Thao K, Sussman C, LaBranche T, Palmer M, Harris P, McKnight GS, Hoeflich K, Schalm S, Torres V. Protein Kinase A Downregulation Delays the Development and Progression of Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1087-1104. [PMID: 35236775 PMCID: PMC9161799 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Upregulation of cAMP-dependent and -independent PKA signaling is thought to promote cystogenesis in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). PKA-I regulatory subunit RIα is increased in kidneys of orthologous mouse models. Kidney-specific knockout of RIα upregulates PKA activity, induces cystic disease in wild-type mice, and aggravates it in Pkd1 RC/RC mice. Methods: PKA-I activation or inhibition was compared to EPAC activation or PKA-II inhibition using Pkd1 RC/RC metanephric organ cultures. The effect of constitutive PKA (preferentially PKA-I) downregulation in vivo was ascertained by kidney-specific expression of a dominant negative RIαB allele in Pkd1 RC/RC mice obtained by crossing Prkar1α R1αB/WT, Pkd1 RC/RC, and Pkhd1-Cre mice (C57BL/6 background). The effect of pharmacologic PKA inhibition using a novel, selective PRKACA inhibitor (BLU2864) was tested in mIMCD3 3D cultures, metanephric organ cultures, and Pkd1 RC/RC mice on a C57BL/6 x 129S6/Sv F1 background. Mice were sacrificed at 16 weeks of age. Results: PKA-I activation promoted and inhibition prevented ex vivo P-Ser133 CREB expression and cystogenesis. EPAC activation or PKA-II inhibition had no or only minor effects. BLU2864 inhibited in vitro mIMCD3 cystogenesis and ex vivo P-Ser133 CREB expression and cystogenesis. Genetic downregulation of PKA activity and BLU2864 directly and/or indirectly inhibited many pro-proliferative pathways and were both protective in vivo BLU2864 had no detectable on- or off-target adverse effects. Conclusions: PKA-I is the main PKA isozyme promoting cystogenesis. Direct PKA inhibition may be an effective strategy to treat PKD and other conditions where PKA signaling is upregulated. By acting directly on PKA, the inhibition may be more effective than or substantially increase the efficacy of treatments that only affect PKA activity by lowering cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- X Wang, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Li Jiang
- L Jiang, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Ka Thao
- K Thao, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Caroline Sussman
- C Sussman, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | | | | | - Peter Harris
- P Harris, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - G Stanley McKnight
- G McKnight, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Klaus Hoeflich
- K Hoeflich, Blueprint Medicines, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Vicente Torres
- V Torres, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
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16
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Molecular Bases of Human Malformation Syndromes Involving the SHH Pathway: GLIA/R Balance and Cardinal Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313060. [PMID: 34884862 PMCID: PMC8657641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hereditary malformation syndromes are caused by mutations in the genes of the signal transduction molecules involved in fetal development. Among them, the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is the most important, and many syndromes result from its disruption. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms and role in embryonic morphogenesis of the SHH pathway, then classify the phenotype of each malformation syndrome associated with mutations of major molecules in the pathway. The output of the SHH pathway is shown as GLI activity, which is generated by SHH in a concentration-dependent manner, i.e., the sum of activating form of GLI (GLIA) and repressive form of GLI (GLIR). Which gene is mutated and whether the mutation is loss-of-function or gain-of-function determine in which concentration range of SHH the imbalance occurs. In human malformation syndromes, too much or too little GLI activity produces symmetric phenotypes affecting brain size, craniofacial (midface) dysmorphism, and orientation of polydactyly with respect to the axis of the limb. The symptoms of each syndrome can be explained by the GLIA/R balance model.
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17
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Garcia N, Ulin M, Ali M, Al-Hendy A, Carvalho KC, Yang Q. Evaluation of Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Option for Uterine Leiomyosarcoma Using the Xenograft Model. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:781-790. [PMID: 34642915 PMCID: PMC8863774 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) contributes to a significant proportion of uterine cancer deaths. It is a rare and high-risk gynecological cancer. LMS is challenging to the treatment due to the resistance of several therapies. The activation of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway has been reported in several types of female cancers. Uterine LMS presents an upregulation of the crucial HH signaling pathway members such as SMO and GLI1. Although targeting the HH pathway exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on the phenotype of uterine LMS in vitro, the effect of the HH inhibitors on LMS growth in vivo has not been identified. The present study aimed to assess the effect of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (SMO-LDE225 and GLI-Gant61) as a therapeutic option in the xenograft model of uterine LMS. The results demonstrated that LDE225 treatment did not show any inhibitory effect on LMS tumor growth; however, treatment with GLI inhibitor (Gant61) induced a remarkable tumor regression with a significant decrease in Ki67 expression, compared to control (p < 0.01). Moreover, administration of Gant61 decreased the expression of GLI1, GLI target genes BMP4 and c-MYC (p < 0.05), indicating that the HH pathway is implicated in the LMS experimental model. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate for the first time that GLI inhibitor (Gant61), but not SMO inhibitor (LDE225), shows a potent inhibitory effect on LMS tumor growth and concomitantly suppresses the expression of GLI1- and GLI-targeted genes using the xenograft model of uterine LMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garcia
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular - LIM 58, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara Ulin
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katia Candido Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular - LIM 58, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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18
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Gao T, Zou M, Shen T, Duan S. Dysfunction of miR-802 in tumors. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23989. [PMID: 34558723 PMCID: PMC8605121 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that miR-802 is abnormally expressed in many tumors. miR-802 is expressed at low levels in tissues and cells of gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer, tongue squamous cell carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. In contrast, miR-802 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, bladder urothelial cancer, osteosarcoma, and cholesteatoma tissue cells. It should be noted that the results of studies on the expression of miR-802 in pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer are inconsistent. Current studies have found that miR-802 can target and regulate genes in different tumors, and affect the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway, EMT signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, ERK signaling pathway, and Hedgehog signaling pathway. At the same time, miR-802 is regulated by the endogenous competition of four ceRNAs, including circDONSON, IGFL2-AS1, MIR155HG, and MIR4435-2HG. This article reviews the abnormal expression of miR-802 in a variety of tumors, expounds the mechanism by which miR-802 affects tumor progression by regulating different target genes, and elaborates the network of miR-802-related ceRNAs. We also summarized the limitations of miR-802 research and looked forward to the potential application of miR-802 in the diagnosis and prognosis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gao
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Mengsha Zou
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Tiancheng Shen
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Dalton GD, Oh SH, Tang L, Zhang S, Brown AL, Varadharajan V, Baleanu-Gogonea C, Gogonea V, Pathak P, Brown JM, Diehl AM. Hepatocyte activity of the cholesterol sensor smoothened regulates cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis in mice. iScience 2021; 24:103089. [PMID: 34568800 PMCID: PMC8449244 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular cholesterol is regulated by at least two transcriptional mechanisms involving sterol-regulatory-element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and liver X receptors (LXRs). Although SREBP and LXR pathways are the predominant mechanisms that sense cholesterol in the endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus to alter sterol-regulated gene expression, evidence suggests cholesterol in plasma membrane can be sensed by proteins in the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway which regulate organ self-renewal and are a morphogenic driver during embryonic development. Cholesterol interacts with the G-protein-coupled receptor Smoothened (Smo), which impacts downstream Hh signaling. Although evidence suggests cholesterol influences Hh signaling, it is not known whether Smo-dependent sterol sensing impacts cholesterol homeostasis in vivo. We examined dietary-cholesterol-induced reorganization of whole-body sterol and bile acid (BA) homeostasis in adult mice with inducible hepatocyte-specific Smo deletion. These studies demonstrate Smo in hepatocytes plays a regulatory role in sensing and feedback regulation of cholesterol balance driven by excess dietary cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D. Dalton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Seh-Hoon Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Linda Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stephanie Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda L. Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | | | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Preeti Pathak
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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20
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Pakvasa M, Tucker AB, Shen T, He TC, Reid RR. The Pleiotropic Intricacies of Hedgehog Signaling: From Craniofacial Patterning to Carcinogenesis. FACE (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2021; 2:260-274. [PMID: 35812774 PMCID: PMC9268505 DOI: 10.1177/27325016211024326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling was discovered more than 40 years ago in experiments demonstrating that it is a fundamental mediator of limb development. Since that time, it has been shown to be important in development, homeostasis, and disease. The hedgehog pathway proceeds through a pathway highly conserved throughout animals beginning with the extracellular diffusion of hedgehog ligands, proceeding through an intracellular signaling cascade, and ending with the activation of specific target genes. A vast amount of research has been done elucidating hedgehog signaling mechanisms and regulation. This research has found a complex system of genetics and signaling that helps determine how organisms develop and function. This review provides an overview of what is known about hedgehog genetics and signaling, followed by an in-depth discussion of the role of hedgehog signaling in craniofacial development and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Pakvasa
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrew B. Tucker
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Timothy Shen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
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21
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Qiu ZP, Hu A, Song BL. The 3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8), Delta(7)-isomerase EBP inhibits cholesterylation of Smoothened. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159041. [PMID: 34450268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays a central role in vertebrate embryonic development and carcinogenesis. The G-protein coupled receptor-like protein Smoothened (SMO) is one of the major members in Hh pathway. Covalent modification of cholesterol on the 95th asparagine (D95) of human SMO, which is regulated by Hh and PTCH1, is critical for SMO activation. However, it is not known whether SMO cholesterylation is regulated by other proteins. In this study, we identified Emopamil binding protein (EBP, also known as 3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase) as a SMO-interacting protein. Overexpression of EBP suppressed SMO cholesterylation and Hh pathway activity, whereas genetic disruption of EBP enhanced SMO cholesterylation and the downstream signaling. EBP-mediated inhibition of SMO cholesterylation was independent of its isomerase activity, but dependent on the C-terminus of EBP that was required for SMO binding. The X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctate 2 (CDPX2)-associated EBP mutants inhibited SMO cholesterylation too. Together, this study shows that EBP modulates SMO cholesterylation through direct binding and suggests a possible mechanism of CDPX2 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ping Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ao Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Lainez-González D, Serrano-López J, Alonso-Domínguez JM. Understanding the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells: A Necessary Step toward a Cure. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040255. [PMID: 33804919 PMCID: PMC8063837 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The Hedgehog signaling pathway is related to the cell cycle. In particular, it is considered to play a fundamental role in the quiescence of leukemic stem cell (i.e., a temporary resting state without cell replication). Leukemic stem cells are the cells supposed to give rise to the relapses of the leukemia. Therefore, the Hedgehog pathway must be understood to improve the current treatments against acute myeloid leukemia and avoid the relapse of the disease. In this review, we gather the present knowledge about the physiological Hedgehog pathway function, the aberrant activation of Hedgehog in leukemia, and highlight the lack of evidence regarding some aspects of this important pathway. Finally, we summarize the acute myeloid leukemia treatments targeting this signaling pathway. Abstract A better understanding of how signaling pathways govern cell fate is fundamental to advances in cancer development and treatment. The initialization of different tumors and their maintenance are caused by the deregulation of different signaling pathways and cancer stem cell maintenance. Quiescent stem cells are resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic treatments and, consequently, are responsible for disease relapse. In this review we focus on the conserved Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway which is involved in regulating the cell cycle of hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells. Thus, we examine the role of the Hh signaling pathway in normal and leukemic stem cells and dissect its role in acute myeloid leukemia. We explain not only the connection between illness and the signaling pathway but also evaluate innovative therapeutic approaches that could affect the outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. We found that many aspects of the Hedgehog signaling pathway remain unknown. The role of Hh has only been proven in embryo and hematopoietic stem cell development. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of GLI transcription factors for therapeutic targeting. Glasdegib, an SMO inhibitor, has shown clinical activity in acute myeloid leukemia; however, its mechanism of action is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lainez-González
- Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.-G.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Juana Serrano-López
- Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.-G.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Juan Manuel Alonso-Domínguez
- Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.-G.); (J.S.-L.)
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-918488100-2673
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The immunohistochemical profile of basal cell nevus syndrome-associated and sporadic odontogenic keratocysts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:3351-3367. [PMID: 33730212 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03877-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a systematic review of the literature on studies comparing the immunoprofile of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (BCNS)-associated and sporadic odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), in order to identify markers that could accurately distinguish the two OKC subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched MEDLINE/Pubmed, Web of Science, EMBASE via OVID, and grey literature for publications until December 28th, 2019, that compared the immunohistochemical expression of the two OKC subtypes. The studies were qualitatively assessed using the Critical Appraisal Tool for Case Series (Joana Briggs Institute). Sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and area under the curve, and pooled estimates were calculated, using a random-effects model. RESULTS Seventy-one studies were qualitatively analyzed; 61 markers were evaluated in one study and 32 in ≥ 2 studies. Twenty-five studies reported differential expression of 29 markers in the form of higher number of positive cells or greater staining intensity usually in BCNS-associated OKCs. Meta-analysis for bcl-2, Cyclin D1, CD56, CK18, p53, and PCNA showed that none of those markers is distinguishable between BCNS-associated and sporadic OKCs, in a 95% confidence interval. The risk of bias was high in 34 studies, moderate in 22, and low in 15. CONCLUSIONS The present systematic review and meta-analysis uncovered that, although several immunohistochemical markers might characterize the OKC phenotype, they cannot discriminate between the BCNS-associated and sporadic OKCs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study highlighted the requirement for additional screening for markers by immunohistochemistry, preferentially coupled to alternative diagnostic applications such as genomics technologies.
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24
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into several cell types when exposed to determined substances, including oxysterols. Oxysterols are cholesterol products derived from its auto-oxidation by reactive species or from enzymatic action. They are present in the body in low quantities under physiological conditions and exhibit several physiological and pharmacological actions according to both the types of oxysterol and tissue. Some of them are cytotoxic while others have been shown to promote cell differentiation through the action on several different receptors, such as nuclear LXR receptors and Smoothened receptor ligands. Here, we review the main pathways by which oxysterols have been associated with cell differentiation and death of mesenchymal stem cells.
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25
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Fan J, Li H, Kuang L, Zhao Z, He W, Liu C, Wang Y, Cheng SY, Chen W. Identification of a potent antagonist of smoothened in hedgehog signaling. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:46. [PMID: 33653381 PMCID: PMC7923671 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hedgehog signaling is essential to the regulation of embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and stem cell self-renewal, making it a prime target for developing cancer therapeutics. Given the close link between aberrant Hedgehog signaling and cancers, many small molecular compounds have been developed to inhibit Smoothened, a key signal transducer of this pathway, for treating cancer and several such compounds have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (GDC-0449 and LDE-225). However, acquired drug resistance has emerged as an important obstacle to the effective use of these first generation Hedgehog pathway blockers. Thus, new Smoothened inhibitors that can overcome such resistance is an urgent need going forward. Results We established the Smoothened/βarrestin2-GFP high-throughput screening platform based on the mechanistic discovery of Hedgehog signaling pathway, and discovered several active small molecules targeting Smoothened including 0025A. Here we show that 0025A can block the translocation of βarrestin2-GFP to Smoothened, displace Bodipy-cyclopamine binding to wild-type Smoothened or mutant Smoothened-D473H, reduce the accumulation of Smo on primary cilia and the expression of Gli upon Hedgehog stimulation. In addition, we show that 0025A can effectively suppress hair follicle morphogenesis and hair growth in mice. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that 0025A is a potent antagonist targeting Smoothened wild-type and mutant receptors in the Hedgehog signaling pathway and may provide a new therapy for refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwan Fan
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Haowen Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Lun Kuang
- Department of Developmental Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zichen Zhao
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wenyan He
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Developmental Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Steven Y Cheng
- Department of Developmental Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, 100070, China.
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Wu Z, Huang S, Zheng X, Gu S, Xu Q, Gong Y, Zhang J, Fu B, Tang L. Regulatory long non-coding RNAs of hepatic stellate cells in liver fibrosis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:351. [PMID: 33732324 PMCID: PMC7903415 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) is a continuous wound healing process caused by numerous chronic hepatic diseases and poses a major threat to human health. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a critical event in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are involved in HSC activation, participate in the development of LF and are likely to be therapeutic targets for LF. In the present review, the cellular signaling pathways of LF with respect to HSCs were discussed. In particular, this present review highlighted the current knowledge on the role of lncRNAs in activating or inhibiting LF, revealing lncRNAs that are likely to be biomarkers or therapeutic targets for LF. Additional studies should be performed to elucidate the potential of lncRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of LF and to provide novel therapeutic approaches for the reversion of LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shunmei Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Silan Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qiaomai Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Bin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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27
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Glypican-1, -3, -5 (GPC1, GPC3, GPC5) and Hedgehog Pathway Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:345-351. [PMID: 33512817 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans are involved in tumor development and may regulate the Hedgehog (HH) pathway. This study aimed to investigate the gene and protein expression of glypican-1 (GPC1), -3 (GPC3), and -5 (GPC5) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and tumor-free lateral margins (TM) and their association with the HH pathway. Quantitative PCR was performed for GPC1, GPC3, GPC5, SHH, PTCH1, SMO, and GLI1 genes in samples of OSCC (n=31), TM (n=12), and non-neoplastic oral mucosa (NNM) of healthy patients (n=6), alongside an immunohistochemical evaluation of GPC1, GPC3, and GPC5 proteins and HH proteins SHH and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1). Double staining for GPC3/SHH, GPC5/SHH, GPC3/tubulin [ac Lys40], GPC5/Tubulin [ac Lys40], and GPC5/GLI1 was also performed. Overexpression of GPC1 and GPC5 in tumor samples and underexpressed levels of GPC3 gene transcripts were observed when compared with TM (standard sample). HH pathway mRNA aberrant expression in OSCC samples and a negative correlation between GPC1 and GPC5 at transcription levels were detected. GPC1 staining was rare in OSCC, but positive cells were found in NNM and TM. Otherwise positive immunostaining for GPC3 and GPC5 was observed in OSCCs, but not in NNM and TM. Blood vessels adjacent to tumor islands were positive for GPC1 and GPC5. Co-localization of GPC3-positive and GPC5-positive cells with SHH and Tubulin [ac Lys40] proteins was noted, as well as of GPC5 and GLI1. The absence of the GPC1 protein in neoplastic cells, underexpression of the GPC3 gene, and co-localization of GPCs and HH proteins may indicate the maintenance of aberrant HH pathway activation in OSCC.
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28
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Targeting Hedgehog Pathway and DNA Methyltransferases in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma Cells. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010053. [PMID: 33396427 PMCID: PMC7824187 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an aggressive tumor that presents poor prognosis, high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Because of its rarity, there is no information available concerning LMS molecular mechanisms of origin and development. Here, we assessed the expression profile of Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway markers and the effects of their pharmacological inhibition on uterine smooth muscle (UTSM), leiomyoma and LMS cells. Additionally, we also evaluated the effects of DNMTs inhibition on LMS cells behavior. Cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis rates were evaluated by MTT, Scratch and Annexin V assays, respectively. RNA expression and protein levels were assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. We found that SMO and GLIs (1, 2 and 3) expression was upregulated in LMS cells, with increased nuclear levels of GLI proteins. Treatment with LDE225 (SMOi) and Gant61 (GLIi) resulted in a significant reduction in Glis protein levels in LMS (p < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of DNMT (1, 3a, and 3b), as well as GLI1 nuclear expression, was significantly decreased after treatment with HH inhibitor in LMS cells. Our results showed that blocking of SMO, GLI and DNMTs is able to inhibit LMS proliferation, migration and invasion. Importantly, the combination of those treatments exhibited a potentiated effect on LMS malignant features due to HH pathway deactivation.
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29
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Zema S, Pelullo M, Nardozza F, Felli MP, Screpanti I, Bellavia D. A Dynamic Role of Mastermind-Like 1: A Journey Through the Main (Path)ways Between Development and Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:613557. [PMID: 33425921 PMCID: PMC7787167 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.613557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major signaling pathways, such as Notch, Hedgehog (Hh), Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo, are targeted by a plethora of physiological and pathological stimuli, ultimately resulting in the modulation of genes that act coordinately to establish specific biological processes. Many biological programs are strictly controlled by the assembly of multiprotein complexes into the nucleus, where a regulated recruitment of specific transcription factors and coactivators on gene promoter region leads to different transcriptional outcomes. MAML1 results to be a versatile coactivator, able to set up synergistic interlinking with pivotal signaling cascades and able to coordinate the network of cross-talking pathways. Accordingly, despite its original identification as a component of the Notch signaling pathway, several recent reports suggest a more articulated role for MAML1 protein, showing that it is able to sustain/empower Wnt/β-catenin, Hh and Hippo pathways, in a Notch-independent manner. For this reason, MAML1 may be associated to a molecular “switch”, with the function to control the activation of major signaling pathways, triggering in this way critical biological processes during embryonic and post-natal life. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the pleiotropic role played by MAML proteins, in particular MAML1, and we recapitulate how it takes part actively in physiological and pathological signaling networks. On this point, we also discuss the contribution of MAML proteins to malignant transformation. Accordingly, genetic alterations or impaired expression of MAML proteins may lead to a deregulated crosstalk among the pathways, culminating in a series of pathological disorders, including cancer development. Given their central role, a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the interplay of MAML proteins with several signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis may open up novel opportunities for an attractive molecular targeted anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Zema
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Maria Pelullo
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Pia Felli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Diana Bellavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Liu B, Gao W, Sun W, Li L, Wang C, Yang X, Liu J, Guo Y. Promoting roles of long non-coding RNA FAM83H-AS1 in bladder cancer growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis through the c-Myc-mediated ULK3 upregulation. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3546-3562. [PMID: 33289601 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1850971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) FAM83H-AS1 has been recently identified with oncogenic roles in many human cancers. But its role in bladder cancer (BCa) pathogenesis and the mechanisms are largely unstudied. This study aims to evaluate the roles of FAM83H-AS1 in the malignant behaviors and the angiogenesis of BCa cells and the mechanical molecules involved. High expression of FAM83H-AS1 was found in 82 BCa tissues and in BCa cell lines compared to the normal ones. FAM83H-AS1 downregulation in T24 and BK10 cells inhibited viability, colony formation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of BCa cells and increased cell apoptosis. FAM83H-AS1 was found to bind to the transcription factor c-Myc to activate ULK3 expression. Overexpression of ULK3 was further introduced into T24 and BK10 cells in the presence of FAM83H-AS1 silencing, which blocked the inhibitory effects of FAM83H-AS1 downregulation on BCa cell growth. The activity of the Hedgehog signaling pathway was suppressed by FAM83H-AS1 while recovered by ULK3. Suppression of the Hedgehog pathway reduced the malignant behaviors of BCa cells promoted by ULK3. The in vitro experiment results were reproduced in vivo. This study evidenced that FAM83H-AS1 upregulates ULK3 expression through the transcription factor c-Myc and promotes the progression of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Wuyue Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohuai Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
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31
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Kloudova-Spalenkova A, Holy P, Soucek P. Oxysterols in cancer management: From therapy to biomarkers. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:3235-3247. [PMID: 32986851 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol, both endogenous and exogenous. They have been implicated in numerous pathologies, including cancer. In addition to their roles in carcinogenesis, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and multiple signalling pathways, they have been shown to modulate cancer therapy. They are known to affect therapy of hormonally positive breast cancer through modulating oestrogen receptor activity. Oxysterols have also been shown in various in vitro models to influence efficacy of chemotherapeutics, such as doxorubicin, vincristine, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and others. Their effects on the immune system should also be considered in immunotherapy. Selective anti-cancer cytotoxic properties of some oxysterols make them candidates for new therapeutic molecules. Finally, differences in oxysterol levels in blood of cancer patients in different stages or versus healthy controls, and in tumour versus non-tumour tissues, show potential of oxysterols as biomarkers for cancer management and patient stratification for optimization of therapy. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Kloudova-Spalenkova
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Holy
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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32
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Sun T, Bi F, Liu Z, Yang Q. SLC7A2 serves as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13281-13296. [PMID: 32647070 PMCID: PMC7377849 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The solute carrier (SLC) family is the largest group of membrane transporters, but their functions in ovarian cancer (OV) remain unclear. We analyzed SLC family members with amino acids-transporting functions in OV. The mRNA expression levels and prognostic values of SLCs in OV were analyzed in the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and Kaplan–Meier Plotter database. Solute carrier family 7 member 2 (SLC7A2), which showed differential expression and the most significant prognostic value, was selected for further analyses. The cBioPortal database, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Weighted Correlation Network Analysis were used to explore the potential functions and molecular mechanisms of SLC7A2 in OV. Validations in our own samples and in Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were conducted. Functional validation in OV cell lines was carried out. In total, 73 SLC family members were analyzed. Seven members were upregulated while 11 members were downregulated in OV and 15 members were protective factors for prognosis while 12 members were risk factors. SLC7A2 was downregulated in OV, and it was positively associated with prognosis. Knockdown of SLC7A2 promoted viability, invasion and migration of OV cells. These SLC family members and in particular SLC7A2 represented novel biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment for OV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshui Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangfang Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuonan Liu
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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33
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Ikehara H, Fujii K, Miyashita T, Ikemoto Y, Nagamine M, Shimojo N, Umezawa A. Establishment of a Gorlin syndrome model from induced neural progenitor cells exhibiting constitutive GLI1 expression and high sensitivity to inhibition by smoothened (SMO). J Transl Med 2020; 100:657-664. [PMID: 31758086 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog signaling pathway is a vital factor for embryonic development and stem cell maintenance. Dysregulation of its function results in tumor initiation and progression. The aim of this research was to establish a disease model of hedgehog-related tumorigenesis with Gorlin syndrome-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (GS-iPSCs). Induced neural progenitor cells from GS-iPSCs (GS-NPCs) show constitutive high GLI1 expression and higher sensitivity to smoothened (SMO) inhibition compared with wild-type induced neural progenitor cells (WT-NPCs). The differentiation process from iPSCs to NPCs may have similarity in gene expression to Hedgehog signal-related carcinogenesis. Therefore, GS-NPCs may be useful for screening compounds to find effective drugs to control Hedgehog signaling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ikehara
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yu Ikemoto
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Marina Nagamine
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
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Kozielewicz P, Turku A, Bowin CF, Petersen J, Valnohova J, Cañizal MCA, Ono Y, Inoue A, Hoffmann C, Schulte G. Structural insight into small molecule action on Frizzleds. Nat Commun 2020; 11:414. [PMID: 31964872 PMCID: PMC6972889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT-Frizzled (FZD) signaling plays a critical role in embryonic development, stem cell regulation and tissue homeostasis. FZDs are linked to severe human pathology and are seen as a promising target for therapy. Despite intense efforts, no small molecule drugs with distinct efficacy have emerged. Here, we identify the Smoothened agonist SAG1.3 as a partial agonist of FZD6 with limited subtype selectivity. Employing extensive in silico analysis, resonance energy transfer- and luciferase-based assays we describe the mode of action of SAG1.3. We define the ability of SAG1.3 to bind to FZD6 and to induce conformational changes in the receptor, recruitment and activation of G proteins and dynamics in FZD–Dishevelled interaction. Our results provide the proof-of-principle that FZDs are targetable by small molecules acting on their seven transmembrane spanning core. Thus, we provide a starting point for a structure-guided and mechanism-based drug discovery process to exploit the potential of FZDs as therapeutic targets. WNT-Frizzled (FZD) signaling plays a critical role in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and human disease but no small molecule drugs targeting FZD with distinct efficacy have emerged so far. Here, authors identify the Smoothened agonist SAG1.3 as a partial agonist for FZD6 with limited subtype selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kozielewicz
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ainoleena Turku
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl-Fredrik Bowin
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian Petersen
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jana Valnohova
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Consuelo Alonso Cañizal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Yuki Ono
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Liu H, Zhang W, Wang L, Zhang Z, Xiong W, Zhang L, Fu T, Li X, Chen Y, Liu Y. GLI1 is increased in ovarian endometriosis and regulates migration, invasion and proliferation of human endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:663. [PMID: 31930064 PMCID: PMC6944576 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disorder which shares certain characteristics with malignant tumor like migration, invasion and proliferation. Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) has been implicated in some cancers including endometrial cancer, however, its role in endometriosis remains unknown. METHODS The aim of this study was to explore the expression pattern of GLI1 in endometriosis, and further investigate the effect of GLI1 regulation on human endometrial stromal cells. The expression of GLI1 in normal endometrium and ectopic tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The Short hairpin RNA (ShRNA) intervention technique and GLI1 inhibitor GANT-61 were used to silence GLI1. The expression levels of GLI1, MMP2 and MMP9 was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. The migration and invasion ability of human endometrial stromal cells was determined by wound healing assay and transwell migration/invasion assay. The viability and proliferation potentiality of cells was detected by MTT assays and colony formation assay, respectively. RESULTS We found that the expression of GLI1 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in ectopic endometrium from patients with endometriosis. Our analyses also show that GLI1 downregulation attenuated cells migration, invasion and proliferation abilities. What's more, reduced expression of GLI1 inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that high levels of GLI1 may contribute to the development of endometriosis by promoting cell migration, invasion and proliferation involving regulation of MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Therefore, inhibition of GLI1 might be a novel potential therapeutic approach to the treatment of endometriosis, which sheds new light on our understanding of the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430032, China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Wenqian Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tian Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoou Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yaobing Chen
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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36
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Fonin AV, Darling AL, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Uversky VN. Multi-functionality of proteins involved in GPCR and G protein signaling: making sense of structure-function continuum with intrinsic disorder-based proteoforms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4461-4492. [PMID: 31428838 PMCID: PMC11105632 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
GPCR-G protein signaling system recognizes a multitude of extracellular ligands and triggers a variety of intracellular signaling cascades in response. In humans, this system includes more than 800 various GPCRs and a large set of heterotrimeric G proteins. Complexity of this system goes far beyond a multitude of pair-wise ligand-GPCR and GPCR-G protein interactions. In fact, one GPCR can recognize more than one extracellular signal and interact with more than one G protein. Furthermore, one ligand can activate more than one GPCR, and multiple GPCRs can couple to the same G protein. This defines an intricate multifunctionality of this important signaling system. Here, we show that the multifunctionality of GPCR-G protein system represents an illustrative example of the protein structure-function continuum, where structures of the involved proteins represent a complex mosaic of differently folded regions (foldons, non-foldons, unfoldons, semi-foldons, and inducible foldons). The functionality of resulting highly dynamic conformational ensembles is fine-tuned by various post-translational modifications and alternative splicing, and such ensembles can undergo dramatic changes at interaction with their specific partners. In other words, GPCRs and G proteins exist as sets of conformational/basic, inducible/modified, and functioning proteoforms characterized by a broad spectrum of structural features and possessing various functional potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Fonin
- Laboratory of structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - April L Darling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Irina M Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin K Turoverov
- Laboratory of structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
- Department of Biophysics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya av. 29, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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37
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Iulianella A, Stanton-Turcotte D. The Hedgehog receptor Patched1 regulates proliferation, neurogenesis, and axon guidance in the embryonic spinal cord. Mech Dev 2019; 160:103577. [PMID: 31634536 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2019.103577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the vertebrate nervous system depends on the complex interplay of morphogen signaling pathways and cell cycle progression to establish distinct cell fates. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is well understood to promote ventral cell fates in the developing spinal cord. A key regulator of Shh signaling is its receptor Patched1 (Ptch1). However, because the Ptch1 null mutation is lethal early in mouse embryogenesis, its role in controlling cell cycle progression, neurogenesis, and axon guidance in the developing spinal cord is not fully understood. An allele of Ptch1 called Wiggable (Ptch1Wig), which was previously shown to enhance Shh signaling, was used to test its ability to regulate neurogenesis and proliferation in the developing spinal cord. Ptch1Wig/Wig mutants displayed enhanced ventral proneural gene activation, and aberrant proliferation of the neural tube and floor plate cells, the latter normally being a quiescent population. The expression of the cell cycle regulators p27Kip1 and p57Kip2 were expanded in Ptch1Wig/Wig mutant spinal cords, as was the number of mitotic and S-phase nuclei, suggesting enhanced cell cycle progression. However, Ptch1Wig/Wig mutants also showed enhanced apoptosis in the ventral embryonic spinal cord, which resulted in thinner spinal cords at later embryonic stages. Commissural axons largely failed to cross the floor plate of Ptch1Wig/Wig mutant embryos, suggesting enhanced Shh signaling in these mutants led to a dorsal expansion of the chemoattraction front. These findings are consistent with a role of Ptch1 in regulating neurogenesis and proliferation of neural progenitors, and in restricting the influence of Shh signaling in commissural axon guidance to the floor plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Iulianella
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Life Science Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H-4R2, Canada.
| | - Danielle Stanton-Turcotte
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Life Science Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H-4R2, Canada
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38
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Zhang J, Li Y, Fan Y, Wu D, Xu J. Compound heterozygous mutations in SMO associated with anterior segment dysgenesis and morning glory syndrome. Gene 2019; 713:143973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Li E, Zhang T, Sun X, Li Y, Geng H, Yu D, Zhong C. Sonic hedgehog pathway mediates genistein inhibition of renal cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3081-3091. [PMID: 31452785 PMCID: PMC6704282 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated in the genesis, progression and recurrence of renal cancer. The sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway serves a critical role in maintaining the stemness of CSCs. Genistein, a major isoflavone component extracted from soybeans and soy products, has been demonstrated to possess anticancer activity. However, the effects of genistein on renal CSCs and its underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the Shh pathway in genistein inhibition of renal CSCs. The results of the present study demonstrated that expression levels of renal CSC markers were markedly upregulated in the sphere-forming cells, which were isolated and enriched from 786-O and ACHN cells in a tumor sphere formation assay, and more cells were arrested at the G0/G1 phase instead of the S1 phase compared with the adherent cells. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that genistein could effectively diminish the activity of renal CSCs by suppressing tumor sphere formation, decreasing renal CSCs markers, inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Additionally, the downregulation of Shh pathway activity could inhibit renal CSCs. Genistein exhibited an inhibitory effect on renal CSCs by attenuating the activation of the Shh pathway. In conclusion, the results illustrated the role of the Shh pathway in regulating renal CSC traits and the intervention of renal CSCs by genistein, which could provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of renal CSC intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enlai Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Hao Geng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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40
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Saito Y, Hamamoto A, Kobayashi Y. [Selective signaling pathway via feeding-related ciliary GPCR, melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2019; 154:179-185. [PMID: 31597896 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.154.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which constitute a highly diverse family of seven transmembrane receptors, respond to external signals and regulate a variety of cellular and physiological processes. GPCRs are encoded by about 800 different genes in human and they represent the largest family of drug targets in clinical trials, which accounts for about 30% of approved drugs acting on 108 unique GPCRs. Signaling through GPCRs can be optimized by enriching receptors, selective binding partners, and downstream effectors in discrete cellular environment. The primary cilium is a ubiquitous organelle that functions as a sensory antenna for surrounding physical and chemical stimuli. Primary cilium's compartment is as little as 1/10,000th of the total cell volume. Therefore, the ciliary membrane is highly enriched for specific signaling molecules, allowing the primary cilium to organize signaling in a highly ordered microenvironment. Recently, a set of non-olfactory GPCRs such as somatostatin receptor 3 and melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) have been found to be selectively targeted to cilia on several mammalian cell types including neuronal cells both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Moreover, investigations into the pathophysiology have implicated GPCR ciliary signaling in a number of developmental and cellular pathways. Thus, cilia are now considered as an increasingly important connection for GPCR signaling. This review summarizes our current understanding of the signaling pathways though ciliary GPCR, especially feeding- and mood-related GPCR MCHR1, along with specific biological phenomenon as cilia length shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Saito
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University
| | - Akie Hamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University
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Singh R, Holz PS, Roth K, Hupfer A, Meissner W, Müller R, Buchholz M, Gress TM, Elsässer HP, Jacob R, Lauth M. DYRK1B regulates Hedgehog-induced microtubule acetylation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:193-207. [PMID: 30317528 PMCID: PMC11105311 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The posttranslational modification (PTM) of tubulin subunits is important for the physiological functions of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton. Although major advances have been made in the identification of enzymes carrying out MT-PTMs, little knowledge is available on how intercellular signaling molecules and their associated pathways regulate MT-PTM-dependent processes inside signal-receiving cells. Here we show that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, a paradigmatic intercellular signaling system, affects the MT acetylation state in mammalian cells. Mechanistically, Hh pathway activity increases the levels of the MT-associated DYRK1B kinase, resulting in the inhibition of GSK3β through phosphorylation of Serine 9 and the subsequent suppression of HDAC6 enzyme activity. Since HDAC6 represents a major tubulin deacetylase, its inhibition increases the levels of acetylated MTs. Through the activation of DYRK1B, Hh signaling facilitates MT-dependent processes such as intracellular mitochondrial transport, mesenchymal cell polarization or directed cell migration. Taken together, we provide evidence that intercellular communication through Hh signals can regulate the MT cytoskeleton and contribute to MT-dependent processes by affecting the level of tubulin acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Singh
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor- and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Simon Holz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor- and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Roth
- Imaging Core Facility, Center for Tumor- and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Hupfer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor- and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Meissner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor- and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor- and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Malte Buchholz
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas M Gress
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Elsässer
- Institute of Cytobiology and Cytopathology, Philipps University, Robert Koch Str. 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Jacob
- Institute of Cytobiology and Cytopathology, Philipps University, Robert Koch Str. 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lauth
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor- and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
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Cyclopamine, an Antagonist of Hedgehog (Hh) Signaling Pathway, Reduces the Hatching Rate of Parthenogenetic Murine Embryos. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.12750/jet.2018.33.4.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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43
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Overcoming the emerging drug resistance of smoothened: an overview of small-molecule SMO antagonists with antiresistance activity. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2855-2875. [PMID: 30557039 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays vital roles in controlling embryonic cell fate and homeostatic, and becomes dormant in mature individuals, aberrant activation of HH signaling pathway is involved in a number of human cancers. Smoothened (SMO), a vital transducer of HH signaling pathway, attracts significant attentions in HH signaling pathway-related cancer therapy. The approval of SMO antagonists vismodegib proves that SMO is a promising therapeutic target, and a number of SMO antagonists are reported since then. However, high incidence of tumor recurrence with the clinical application of vismodegib urges exploring of novel drugs with antiresistance profiles. This review provides an overview of SMO mutations reported in the literature, crystal structures of SMO, as well as reported antagonists with antiresistance profiles.
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44
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Zhang X, Dong S, Xu F. Structural and Druggability Landscape of Frizzled G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:1033-1046. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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45
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Holy P, Kloudova A, Soucek P. Importance of genetic background of oxysterol signaling in cancer. Biochimie 2018; 153:109-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Chahal KK, Parle M, Abagyan R. Dexamethasone and Fludrocortisone Inhibit Hedgehog Signaling in Embryonic Cells. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12019-12025. [PMID: 31459282 PMCID: PMC6645496 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays a central role in the development and repair of our bodies. Therefore, dysregulation of the Hh pathway is responsible for many developmental diseases and cancers. Basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma have well-established links to the Hh pathway, as well as many other cancers with Hh-dysregulated subtypes. A smoothened (SMO) receptor plays a central role in regulating the Hh signaling in the cells. However, the complexities of the receptor structural mechanism of action and other pathway members make it difficult to find Hh pathway inhibitors efficient in a wide range. Recent crystal structure of SMO with cholesterol indicates that it may be a natural ligand for SMO activation. Structural similarity of fluorinated corticosterone derivatives to cholesterol motivated us to study the effect of dexamethasone, fludrocortisone, and corticosterone on the Hh pathway activity. We identified an inhibitory effect of these three drugs on the Hh pathway using a functional assay in NIH3T3 glioma response element cells. Studies using BODIPY-cyclopamine and 20(S)-hydroxy cholesterol [20(S)-OHC] as competitors for the transmembrane (TM) and extracellular cysteine-rich domain (CRD) binding sites showed a non-competitive effect and suggested an alternative or allosteric binding site for the three drugs. Furthermore, the three steroids showed an additive effect on Hh pathway inhibition when tested in combination with cyclopamine. Our study reports the antagonistic effect of dexamethasone, fludrocortisone, and corticosterone on the Hh pathway using functional assay and confirmed that they do not bind to the CRD or adjacent TM binding cavities of SMO. The study also suggests that dexamethasone could be additionally beneficial as the adjuvant therapy for cancer patients with an established link to the dysregulated Hh pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Kandhwal Chahal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, G. J. University
of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- E-mail: (K.K.C.)
| | - Milind Parle
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, G. J. University
of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- E-mail: (R.A.)
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Qin YX, Yang ZH, Du XH, Zhao H, Liu YB, Guo Z, Wang Q. Inhibition of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Depresses the Cigarette Smoke-Induced Malignant Transformation of 16HBE Cells on a Microfluidic Chip. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1191-1198. [PMID: 29722338 PMCID: PMC5956770 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.231525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hedgehog signaling system (HHS) plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation during the embryonic phases. However, little is known about the involvement of HHS in the malignant transformation of cells. This study aimed to detect the role of HHS in the malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. Methods In this study, two microfluidic chips were designed to investigate cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced malignant transformation of cells. Chip A contained a concentration gradient generator, while chip B had four cell chambers with a central channel. The 16HBE cells cultured in chip A were used to determine the optimal concentration of CSE for inducing malignant transformation. The 16HBE cells in chip B were cultured with 12.25% CSE (Group A), 12.25% CSE + 5 μmol/L cyclopamine (Group B), or normal complete medium as control for 8 months (Group C), to establish the in vitro lung inflammatory-cancer transformation model. The transformed cells were inoculated into 20 nude mice as cells alone (Group 1) or cells with cyclopamine (Group 2) for tumorigenesis testing. Expression of HHS proteins was detected by Western blot. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The t-test was used for paired samples, and the difference among groups was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. Results The optimal concentration of CSE was 12.25%. Expression of HHS proteins increased during the process of malignant transformation (Group B vs. Group A, F = 7.65, P < 0.05). After CSE exposure for 8 months, there were significant changes in cellular morphology, which allowed the transformed cells to grow into tumors in 40 days after being inoculated into nude mice. Cyclopamine could effectively depress the expression of HHS proteins (Group C vs. Group B, F = 6.47, P < 0.05) and prevent tumor growth in nude mice (Group 2 vs. Group 1, t = 31.59, P < 0.01). Conclusions The activity of HHS is upregulated during the CSE-induced malignant transformation of 16HBE cells. Cyclopamine can effectively depress expression of HHS proteins in vitro and prevent tumor growth of the transformed cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xin Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Yang
- Department of Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Du
- Department of Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, China
| | - Yuan-Bin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, China
| | - Zhe Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, China
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48
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Barba M, Di Pietro L, Massimi L, Geloso MC, Frassanito P, Caldarelli M, Michetti F, Della Longa S, Romitti PA, Di Rocco C, Arcovito A, Parolini O, Tamburrini G, Bernardini C, Boyadjiev SA, Lattanzi W. BBS9 gene in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis: Role of the primary cilium in the aberrant ossification of the suture osteogenic niche. Bone 2018; 112:58-70. [PMID: 29674126 PMCID: PMC5970090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (NCS) is the premature ossification of skull sutures, without associated clinical features. Mutations in several genes account for a small number of NCS patients; thus, the molecular etiopathogenesis of NCS remains largely unclear. Our study aimed at characterizing the molecular signaling implicated in the aberrant ossification of sutures in NCS patients. Comparative gene expression profiling of NCS patient sutures identified a fused suture-specific signature, including 17 genes involved in primary cilium signaling and assembly. Cells from fused sutures displayed a reduced potential to form primary cilia compared to cells from control patent sutures of the same patient. We identified specific upregulated splice variants of the Bardet Biedl syndrome-associated gene 9 (BBS9), which encodes a structural component of the ciliary BBSome complex. BBS9 expression increased during in vitro osteogenic differentiation of suture-derived mesenchymal cells of NCS patients. Also, Bbs9 expression increased during in vivo ossification of rat sutures. BBS9 functional knockdown affected the expression of primary cilia on patient suture cells and their osteogenic potential. Computational modeling of the upregulated protein isoforms (observed in patients) predicted that their binding affinity within the BBSome may be affected, providing a possible explanation for the aberrant suture ossification in NCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barba
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Di Pietro
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Massimi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", 00168 Rome, Italy; Istituto di Neurochirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Geloso
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Frassanito
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Caldarelli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", 00168 Rome, Italy; Istituto di Neurochirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Della Longa
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paul A Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, IA, USA
| | - Concezio Di Rocco
- Department of Neurosurgery, International Neuroscience Institute, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alessandro Arcovito
- Istituto di Neurochirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", 00168 Rome, Italy; Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Tamburrini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", 00168 Rome, Italy; Istituto di Neurochirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Bernardini
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simeon A Boyadjiev
- Section of Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 95817 Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", 00168 Rome, Italy.
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49
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Wang Y, Lv K, Zhao M, Liang F, Chen H, Ji G, Wang T, Zhang Y, Cao H, Li Y, Qu L. Expression profiles and functional annotation analysis of mRNAs in suprachiasmatic nucleus of Clock mutant mice. Gene 2018; 647:107-114. [PMID: 29307853 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The core circadian clock gene, Clock, is a positive component of the transcription/translation feedback loop in the master pacemaker suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in mammals. The robust daytime peak of some clock genes in the wild-type SCN is absent in Clock mutant mice. However, very little is known about the impact of Clock mutation on the expression of other functional genes in SCN. Here, we performed cDNA microarray and found 799 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at zeitgeber time 2 (ZT2) and 1289 DEGs at ZT14 in SCN of Clock△19/△19 mutant mice. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the changed mRNAs were highly associated with hedgehog signaling pathway, retinol metabolism, allograft rejection, drug metabolism, hematopoietic cell lineage and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. The top 14 and 71 hub genes were identified from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network at ZT2 and ZT14, respectively. The sub-networks revealed hub genes were involved in olfactory transduction and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways. These results demonstrate the Clock△19/△19 mutation alters the expression of various genes involved in a wide spectrum of biological function in mouse SCN, which are helpful for better understanding the function of Clock and potential regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Ke Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fengji Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Guohua Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Tingmei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Hongqing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, Shaanxi 710072, China; State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Lina Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
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50
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Chen Y, Lu X, Guo L, Ni W, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Wu L, Sun S, Zhang S, Tang M, Li W, Chai R, Li H. Hedgehog Signaling Promotes the Proliferation and Subsequent Hair Cell Formation of Progenitor Cells in the Neonatal Mouse Cochlea. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:426. [PMID: 29311816 PMCID: PMC5742997 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cell (HC) loss is the major cause of permanent sensorineural hearing loss in mammals. Unlike lower vertebrates, mammalian cochlear HCs cannot regenerate spontaneously after damage, although the vestibular system does maintain limited HC regeneration capacity. Thus HC regeneration from the damaged sensory epithelium has been one of the main areas of research in the field of hearing restoration. Hedgehog signaling plays important roles during the embryonic development of the inner ear, and it is involved in progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation as well as the cell fate decision. In this study, we show that recombinant Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) protein effectively promotes sphere formation, proliferation, and differentiation of Lgr5+ progenitor cells isolated from the neonatal mouse cochlea. To further explore this, we determined the effect of Hedgehog signaling on cell proliferation and HC regeneration in cultured cochlear explant from transgenic R26-SmoM2 mice that constitutively activate Hedgehog signaling in the supporting cells of the cochlea. Without neomycin treatment, up-regulation of Hedgehog signaling did not significantly promote cell proliferation or new HC formation. However, after injury to the sensory epithelium by neomycin treatment, the over-activation of Hedgehog signaling led to significant supporting cell proliferation and HC regeneration in the cochlear epithelium explants. RNA sequencing and real-time PCR were used to compare the transcripts of the cochleae from control mice and R26-SmoM2 mice, and multiple genes involved in the proliferation and differentiation processes were identified. This study has important implications for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss by manipulating the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai, China
| | - Luo Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Ni
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjie Wu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, Shanghai, China
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