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Zamora M, Harris D, Davies N, Ebnet J, Radermacher P, Brucker C, Waller C, Robles JP, Bertsch T, Clapp C, Triebel J. Immunometric and functional measurement of endogenous vasoinhibin in human sera. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1345996. [PMID: 38742198 PMCID: PMC11089174 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1345996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Circulating levels of the antiangiogenic protein vasoinhibin, a fragment of prolactin, are of interest in vasoproliferative retinopathies, preeclampsia, and peripartum cardiomyopathy; however, it is difficult to determine the circulating levels of vasoinhibin due to the lack of quantitative assays. Methods This study used human serum samples to assess the concentration and bioactivity of vasoinhibin using a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human vasoinhibin, which employs an anti-vasoinhibin monoclonal antibody, a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation assay, and a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis assay. Results Serum samples from 17 pregnant women without (one group) and with preeclampsia and pregnancy induced hypertension (another group) demonstrated endogenous vasoinhibin concentrations in the range of 5-340 ng/ml. Immunoactive vasoinhibin levels were significantly higher in preeclampsia serum compared to healthy pregnancy serum (mean 63.09 ± 22.15 SD vs. 19.67 ± 13.34 ng/ml, p = 0.0003), as was the bioactive vasoinhibin level as determined by the HUVEC proliferation assay (56.12 ± 19.83 vs. 13.38 ± 4.88 ng/ml, p < 0.0001). There was a correlation between the concentration of vasoinhibin measured by ELISA and the HUVEC proliferation assay (Pearson r = 0.95, p < 0.0001). Healthy serum demonstrated a proangiogenic effect in the CAM assay (p < 0.05, compared to control), while serum from preeclamptic patients demonstrated an antiangiogenic effect (p < 0.05 vs. control), as did recombinant human vasoinhibin and a synthetic circular retro-inverse vasoinhibin analogue (CRIVi45-51). The antiangiogenic effects in the CAM assay and the inhibition of HUVEC proliferation were abolished by addition of the ELISA anti-vasoinhibin monoclonal antibody, but not by mouse IgG. Discussion These results demonstrate the first quantitation of endogenous vasoinhibin in human sera and the elevation of it levels and antiangiogenic activity in sera from women with preeclampsia. The development and implementation of a quantitative assay for vasoinhibin overcomes a long-standing barrier and suggests the thorough clinical verification of vasoinhibin as a relevant biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zamora
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - David Harris
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Nils Davies
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Ebnet
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cosima Brucker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Waller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Robles
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Jakob Triebel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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Dhilip A, Parameswari RP. Deciphering the Involvement of Chronic Inflammation in Osteoarthritis: Evaluation of Complement 3 and Cathepsin D in Osteoarthritic Patients-A Retrospective Case Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1321-S1325. [PMID: 38882875 PMCID: PMC11174188 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_539_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Osteoarthritis (OA) stands as the prevailing degenerative joint condition, and although it is widely observed, its precise causes are not fully understood. The main focus of the study was to assess the role of Complement C3 and Cathepsin D in the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA), which is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease. Materials and Methods The study was carried out in 20 patients with knee OA and 20 healthy control group. OA knee (Grade II/III, Radiological Kellgren and Lawrence (K/L) classification), aged between 40 and 65 years were able to walk with a painful knee. The study also included healthy age-matched controls. The concentration of Complement C3 and Cathepsin D in serum was determined. Results The results of the present study demonstrated significantly (P < 0.001) higher concentrations of C3 and Cathepsin D in OA patients in comparison to that of the healthy aged matched control group. Conclusions The analysis showed that inflammatory markers, Complement C3 as well as Cathepsin D may be used as diagnostic markers of knee OA. The observations suggest that the activation of the complement system mainly affects processes within the joints, while C3 appears to play a central role in generating a systemic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashita Dhilip
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R P Parameswari
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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García-Rodrigo JF, Ortiz G, Martínez-Díaz OF, Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Ruíz-Herrera X, Macias F, Ledesma-Colunga MG, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. Prolactin Inhibits or Stimulates the Inflammatory Response of Joint Tissues in a Cytokine-dependent Manner. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad156. [PMID: 37864848 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The close association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sex, reproductive state, and stress has long linked prolactin (PRL) to disease progression. PRL has both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory outcomes in RA, but responsible mechanisms are not understood. Here, we show that PRL modifies in an opposite manner the proinflammatory actions of IL-1β and TNF-α in mouse synovial fibroblasts in culture. Both IL-1β and TNF-α upregulated the metabolic activity and the expression of proinflammatory factors (Il1b, Inos, and Il6) via the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. However, IL-1β increased and TNF-α decreased the levels of the long PRL receptor isoform in association with dual actions of PRL on synovial fibroblast inflammatory response. PRL reduced the proinflammatory effect and activation of NF-κB by IL-1β but increased TNF-α-induced inflammation and NF-κB signaling. The double-faceted role of PRL against the 2 cytokines manifested also in vivo. IL-1β or TNF-α with or without PRL were injected into the knee joints of healthy mice, and joint inflammation was monitored after 24 hours. IL-1β and TNF-α increased the joint expression of proinflammatory factors and the infiltration of immune cells. PRL prevented the actions of IL-1β but was either inactive or further increased the proinflammatory effect of TNF-α. We conclude that PRL exerts opposite actions on joint inflammation in males and females that depend on specific proinflammatory cytokines, the level of the PRL receptor, and the activation of NF-κB signaling. Dual actions of PRL may help balance joint inflammation in RA and provide insights for development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgina Ortiz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
- División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro. 76246, México
| | | | - Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda
- Departamento de Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, México
| | - Xarubet Ruíz-Herrera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | - Fernando Macias
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | - María G Ledesma-Colunga
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
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Shen P, Zhang D, Abdelrehem A, Jin S, Luo Y, Yang C. Association between sexual maturation and anterior disc displacement of temporomandibular joint in adolescents aged 13–14 years. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:7071-7081. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhao H, Gong S, Shi Y, Luo C, Qiu H, He J, Sun Y, Huang Y, Wang S, Miao Y, Wu W. The role of prolactin/vasoinhibins in cardiovascular diseases. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 6:81-91. [PMID: 35923071 PMCID: PMC10158951 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a polypeptide hormone that is mainly synthesized and secreted by the lactotroph cells of the pituitary. There are two main isoforms of PRL: 23-kDa PRL (named full-length PRL) and vasoinhibins (including 5.6-18 kDa fragments). Both act as circulating hormones and cytokines to stimulate or inhibit vascular formation at different stages and neovascularization, including endothelial cell proliferation and migration, protease production, and apoptosis. However, their effects on vascular function and cardiovascular diseases are different or even contrary. In addition to the structure, secretion regulation, and signal transduction of PRL/vasoinhibins, this review focuses on the pathological mechanism and clinical significance of PRL/vasoinhibins in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sugang Gong
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongcong Shi
- Respiratory Medicine, Dongchuan District People's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Cijun Luo
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongling Qiu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxia Huang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Ortiz G, Ledesma-Colunga MG, Wu Z, García-Rodrigo JF, Adan N, Martinez-Diaz OF, De Los Ríos EA, López-Barrera F, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. Vasoinhibin is Generated and Promotes Inflammation in Mild Antigen-induced Arthritis. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6550860. [PMID: 35305012 PMCID: PMC9272195 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis defines a family of diseases influenced by reproductive hormones. Vasoinhibin, a fragment of the hormone prolactin (PRL), has antiangiogenic and proinflammatory properties. We recently showed that vasoinhibin reduces joint inflammation and bone loss in severe antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) by an indirect mechanism involving the inhibition of pannus vascularization. This unexpected finding led us to hypothesize that a severe level of inflammation in AIA obscured the direct proinflammatory action of vasoinhibin while allowing the indirect anti-inflammatory effect via its antiangiogenic properties. In agreement with this hypothesis, here we show that the intra-articular injection of an adeno-associated virus type-2 vector encoding vasoinhibin reduced joint inflammation in a severe AIA condition, but elevated joint inflammation in a mild AIA model. The proinflammatory effect, unmasked in mild AIA, resulted in joint swelling, enhanced leukocyte infiltration, and upregulation of expression of genes encoding proinflammatory mediators (Il1b, Il6, Inos, Mmp3), adhesion molecule (Icam1), and chemokines (Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Cxcl3, Ccl2). Furthermore, vasoinhibin induced the expression of proinflammatory mediators and chemokines in cultured synovial fibroblasts through nuclear factor-κB. Finally, matrix metalloproteases and cathepsin D, upregulated in the arthritic joint, cleaved PRL to vasoinhibin, and vasoinhibin levels increased in the circulation of mice subjected to AIA. We suggest that vasoinhibin is generated during inflammatory arthritis and acts on synovial fibroblasts and endothelial cells to initially promote and later inhibit inflammation, respectively. These opposite effects may work together to help keep joint inflammation under balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Ortiz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
| | - Maria G Ledesma-Colunga
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
| | - Zhijian Wu
- Ocular Gene Therapy Laboratory, Neurobiology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jose F García-Rodrigo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
| | - Norma Adan
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
| | - Oscar F Martinez-Diaz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
| | - Ericka A De Los Ríos
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
| | - Fernando López-Barrera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
| | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, México
- Correspondence: Carmen Clapp, PhD, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México.
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Clapp C, Ortiz G, García-Rodrigo JF, Ledesma-Colunga MG, Martínez-Díaz OF, Adán N, Martínez de la Escalera G. Dual Roles of Prolactin and Vasoinhibin in Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:905756. [PMID: 35721729 PMCID: PMC9202596 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.905756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term inflammatory arthritis defines a family of diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), caused by an overactive immune system, and influenced by host aspects including sex, reproductive state, and stress. Prolactin (PRL) is a sexually dimorphic, reproductive, stress-related hormone long-linked to RA under the general assumption that it aggravates the disease. However, this conclusion remains controversial since PRL has both negative and positive outcomes in RA that may depend on the hormone circulating levels, synthesis by joint tissues, and complex interactions at the inflammatory milieu. The inflamed joint is rich in matrix metalloproteases that cleave PRL to vasoinhibin, a PRL fragment with proinflammatory effects and the ability to inhibit the hyperpermeability and growth of blood vessels. This review addresses this field with the idea that explanatory mechanisms lie within the PRL/vasoinhibin axis, an integrative framework influencing not only the levels of systemic and local PRL, but also the proteolytic conversion of PRL to vasoinhibin, as vasoinhibin itself has dual actions on joint inflammation. In this review, we discuss recent findings from mouse models suggesting the upregulation of endogenous vasoinhibin by the pro-inflammatory environment and showing dichotomous actions and signaling mechanisms of PRL and vasoinhibin on joint inflammation that are cell-specific and context-dependent. We hypothesize that these opposing actions work together to balance the inflammatory response and provide new insights for understanding the pathophysiology of RA and the development of new treatments.
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Paré P, Reales G, Paixão-Côrtes VR, Vargas-Pinilla P, Viscardi LH, Fam B, Pissinatti A, Santos FR, Bortolini MC. Molecular evolutionary insights from PRLR in mammals. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 309:113791. [PMID: 33872604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a pleiotropic neurohormone secreted by the mammalian pituitary gland into the blood, thus reaching many tissues and organs beyond the brain. PRL binds to its receptor, PRLR, eliciting a molecular signaling cascade. This system modulates essential mammalian behaviors and promotes notable modifications in the reproductive female tissues and organs. Here, we explore how the intracellular domain of PRLR (PRLR-ICD) modulates the expression of the PRLR gene. Despite differences in the reproductive strategies between eutherian and metatherian mammals, there is no clear distinction between PRLR-ICD functional motifs. However, we found selection signatures that showed differences between groups, with many conserved functional elements strongly maintained through purifying selection across the class Mammalia. We observed a few residues under relaxed selection, the levels of which were more pronounced in Eutheria and particularly striking in primates (Simiiformes), which could represent a pre-adaptive genetic element protected from purifying selection. Alternative, new motifs, such as YLDP (318-321) and others with residues Y283 and Y290, may already be functional. These motifs would have been co-opted in primates as part of a complex genetic repertoire related to some derived adaptive phenotypes, but these changes would have no impact on the primordial functions that characterize the mammals as a whole and that are related to the PRL-PRLR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Paré
- Laboratório de Evolução Humana e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guillermo Reales
- Laboratório de Evolução Humana e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Vanessa R Paixão-Côrtes
- Laboratório de Biologia Evolutiva e Genômica (LABEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Pedro Vargas-Pinilla
- Laboratório de Evolução Humana e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Henriques Viscardi
- Laboratório de Evolução Humana e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Fam
- Laboratório de Evolução Humana e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício R Santos
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo-Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cátira Bortolini
- Laboratório de Evolução Humana e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Ling Y, Xu H, Ren N, Cheng C, Zeng P, Lu D, Yao X, Ma W. Prediction and Verification of the Major Ingredients and Molecular Targets of Tripterygii Radix Against Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639382. [PMID: 34168557 PMCID: PMC8217827 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripterygii Radix exhibits good clinical efficacy and safety in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but its effective components and mechanism of action are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore and verify the major ingredients and molecular targets of Tripterygii Radix in RA using drug-compounds-biotargets-diseases network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses. The processes and pathways were derived from Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. The most important compounds and biotargets were determined based on the degree values. RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) were separated from RA patients and identified by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry. The purity of RA-FLS was acquired by flow cytometry marked with CD90 or VCAM-1. RA-FLS were subjected to control, dimethyl sulfoxide (control), kaempferol, or lenalidomide treatment. Cell migration was evaluated by the transwell assay. The relative expression of biotarget proteins and cytokines was analyzed by western blotting and flow cytometry. In total, 144 chemical components were identified from Tripterygii Radix; kaempferol was the most active ingredient among 33 other components. Fourteen proteins were found to be affected in RA from 285 common biotargets. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway was predicted to be one of the most latent treatment pathways. Migration of RA-FLS was inhibited and the expression of protein kinase B (AKT1), JUN, caspase 3 (CASP3), TNF receptor 1 and 2 (TNFR1 and TNFR2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and TNF-α was significantly affected by kaempferol. Thus, this study confirmed kaempferol as the effective component of Tripterygii Radix against RA-FLS and TNF signaling pathway and its involvement in the regulation of AKT1, JUN, CASP3, TNFR1, TNFR2, IL-6, and TNF-α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ling
- Graduate School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Nina Ren
- Graduate School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Changming Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Daomin Lu
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xueming Yao
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Wukai Ma
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Bertoldo E, Adami G, Rossini M, Giollo A, Orsolini G, Viapiana O, Gatti D, Fassio A. The Emerging Roles of Endocrine Hormones in Different Arthritic Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:620920. [PMID: 34093428 PMCID: PMC8177688 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.620920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between endocrine hormones and the spectrum of rheumatic conditions has long been discussed in the literature, focusing primarily on sexual hormones, such as estrogens, androgens, prolactin (PRL). Estrogens are indeed involved in the pathogenesis of the main inflammatory arthritis thanks to their effects on the immune system, both stimulatory and inhibitory. The PRL system has been discovered in synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), patients and has been propose as a new potential therapeutic target. Besides sexual hormones, in the last years scientific interest about the crosstalk of immune system with other class of hormones has grown. Hormones acting on the bone tissue (i.e. parathyroid hormone, vitamin D) and modulators of the Wnt pathway (i.e. Dickkopf-1) have been demonstrated to play active role in inflammatory arthritis course, defining a new field of research named osteoimmunology. PTH, which is one of the main determinants of Dkkopf-1, plays a crucial role in bone erosions in RA and a correlation between PTH, Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) and disease activity has been found in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In PSA is under studying the interaction among IL-17 and bone metabolism. The purpose of this review is to discuss and summarize the recent data about the interaction between endocrine hormone and immune system in the main rheumatic disorders, covering in particular the role of bone-related hormones and cytokines. We will describe this relationship from a biochemical, diagnostic and therapeutic perspective, with a particular focus on RA, PsA and AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Bertoldo
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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11
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Ramirez-Hernandez G, Adan-Castro E, Diaz-Lezama N, Ruiz-Herrera X, Martinez de la Escalera G, Macotela Y, Clapp C. Global Deletion of the Prolactin Receptor Aggravates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:619696. [PMID: 33746901 PMCID: PMC7973366 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.619696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) levels are reduced in the circulation of rats with diabetes or obesity, and lower circulating levels of PRL correlate with increased prevalence of diabetes and a higher risk of metabolic alterations in the clinic. Furthermore, PRL stimulates β-cell proliferation, survival, and insulin production and pregnant mice lacking PRL receptors in β-cells develop gestational diabetes. To investigate the protective effect of endogenous PRL against diabetes outside pregnancy, we compared the number of cases and severity of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia between C57BL/6 mice null for the PRL receptor gene (Prlr-/- ) and wild-type mice (Prlr+/+ ). STZ-treated diabetic Prlr-/- mice showed a higher number of cases and later recovery from hyperglycemia, exacerbated glucose levels, and glucose intolerance compared to the Prlr+/+ mice counterparts. Consistent with the worsening of hyperglycemia, pancreatic islet density, β-cell number, proliferation, and survival, as well as circulating insulin levels were reduced, whereas α-cell number and pancreatic inflammation were increased in the absence of PRL signaling. Deletion of the PRL receptor did not alter the metabolic parameters in vehicle-treated animals. We conclude that PRL protects whole body glucose homeostasis by reducing β-cell loss and pancreatic inflammation in STZ-induced diabetes. Medications elevating PRL circulating levels may prove to be beneficial in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Clapp
- *Correspondence: Carmen Clapp, ; Yazmin Macotela,
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12
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Ortiz G, Ledesma-Colunga MG, Wu Z, García-Rodrigo JF, Adan N, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. Vasoinhibin reduces joint inflammation, bone loss, and the angiogenesis and vasopermeability of the pannus in murine antigen-induced arthritis. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1068-1079. [PMID: 32341517 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased permeability and growth (angiogenesis) of blood vessels play a key role in joint swelling and pannus formation in inflammatory arthritis, a family of diseases influenced by reproductive hormones. The hormone prolactin (PRL) protects against joint inflammation, pannus formation, and bone destruction in adjuvant-induced arthritis and these effects may involve its proteolytic conversion to vasoinhibin, a PRL fragment that inhibits angiogenesis and vasopermeability. Here, we show that the intra-articular injection of an adeno-associated virus type-2 (AAV2) vector encoding vasoinhibin reduced joint inflammation, the hyperplasia, vascular density, and vasopermeability of the pannus, and the loss of bone in mice subjected to antigen-induced arthritis. In agreement, the AAV2 vasoinhibin vector reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6), an endothelial cell marker (platelet endothelial cell-adhesion molecule 1), and proangiogenic molecules [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 2, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α] in the arthritic joint. Also, vasoinhibin reduced the synovial vasopermeability induced by the intra-articular injection of VEGF in healthy mice. Finally, vasoinhibin signals by blocking the phosphorylation/activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) at Ser1179 and the AAV2 vasoinhibin vector inhibited the enhanced phosphorylation of eNOS Ser1179 in the arthritic joint. We conclude that vasoinhibin reduces joint inflammation and bone loss in arthritis by inhibiting pannus angiogenesis and vasopermeability via the blockage of VEGF-induced eNOS activation. These findings suggest the potential therapeutic benefit of AAV2-mediated vasoinhibin gene delivery in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Ortiz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Maria G Ledesma-Colunga
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Zhijian Wu
- Ocular Gene Therapy Laboratory, Neurobiology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jose F García-Rodrigo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Norma Adan
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76230, México.
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13
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Aroña RM, Arnold E, Macías F, López-Casillas F, Clapp C, Martínez de la Escalera G. Vasoinhibin generation and effect on neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of late mouse embryos. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R760-R771. [PMID: 32048872 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00286.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Morphological and behavioral evidence suggests that vasoinhibin is present in the central nervous system (CNS), triggering neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stress. Moreover, vasoinhibin reduces neuronal survival and differentiation of primary sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system. To address the functional role played by vasoinhibin at the CNS, and to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in its actions, we treated primary cultured hippocampal neurons obtained from embryonic day 16 (E16) mice with a human recombinant vasoinhibin. We examined the resulting cellular changes, focusing on neuronal cell death, and explored the local generation of vasoinhibin within the hippocampus. Our results show that vasoinhibin significantly reduced neuronal cell density and increased immunoreactive activated caspase-3 and TUNEL-positive staining at 72, 16, and 24 h, respectively. Furthermore, vasoinhibin increased the expression of proapoptotic genes BAX, BAD, BIM, and PUMA and decreased that of the antiapoptotic gene BCL-2 at 24 h, as assessed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Vasoinhibin effects were blocked by coincubation with a vasoinhibin antibody or with prolactin. Immunoreactive bands consistent with vasoinhibin were observed in hippocampal extracts by Western blot analysis, and a prolactin standard was cleaved to vasoinhibin by a hippocampal lysate in a heat- and cathepsin D inhibitor pepstatin A-dependent fashion. Taken together, these data support the notion that vasoinhibin is locally produced by cathepsin D within the embryonic mouse hippocampus, a brain region that plays a critical role in emotional regulation, resulting in decreased neuronal cell viability via the activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Aroña
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Edith Arnold
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico.,CONACYT-Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Fernando Macías
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Fernando López-Casillas
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
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Abstract
Hyperprolactinaemia is one of the most common problems in clinical endocrinology. It relates with various aetiologies (physiological, pharmacological, pathological), the clarification of which requires careful history taking and clinical assessment. Analytical issues (presence of macroprolactin or of the hook effect) need to be taken into account when interpreting the prolactin values. Medications and sellar/parasellar masses (prolactin secreting or acting through “stalk effect”) are the most common causes of pathological hyperprolactinaemia. Hypogonadism and galactorrhoea are well-recognized manifestations of prolactin excess, although its implications on bone health, metabolism and immune system are also expanding. Treatment mainly aims at restoration and maintenance of normal gonadal function/fertility, and prevention of osteoporosis; further specific management strategies depend on the underlying cause. In this review, we provide an update on the diagnostic and management approaches for the patient with hyperprolactinaemia and on the current data looking at the impact of high prolactin on metabolism, cardiovascular and immune systems.
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15
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Easterling MR, Engbrecht KM, Crespi EJ. Endocrine Regulation of Epimorphic Regeneration. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2969-2980. [PMID: 31593236 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies aiming to uncover primary mechanisms of regeneration have predominantly focused on genetic pathways regulating specific stages in the regeneration process: wound healing, blastema formation, and pattern formation. However, studies across organisms show that environmental conditions and the physiological state of the animal can affect the rate or quality of regeneration, and endocrine signals are likely the mediators of these effects. Endocrine signals acting directly on receptors expressed in the tissue or via neuroendocrine pathways can affect regeneration by regulating the immune response to injury, allocation of energetic resources, or by enhancing or inhibiting proliferation and differentiation pathways involved in regeneration. This review discusses the cumulative knowledge in the literature about endocrine regulation of regeneration and its importance in future research to advance biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta R Easterling
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Kristin M Engbrecht
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | - Erica J Crespi
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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16
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Arnold E, Thébault S, Aroña RM, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. Prolactin mitigates deficiencies of retinal function associated with aging. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 85:38-48. [PMID: 31698287 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging causes the progressive degeneration of retinal cells leading to the eventual loss of vision. The hormone prolactin (PRL) is a neurotrophic factor able to compensate for photoreceptor cell death and electroretinogram deficits induced by light retinal damage. Here, we used adult 4-month old and aged 20-month old pigmented mice, null or not for the PRL receptor to explore whether PRL provides trophic support against age-related retinal dysfunction. Retinal functionality, apoptosis, glia activation, and neurotrophin expression were assessed by electroretinogram, TUNEL, glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR, respectively. Lack of PRL signaling in aged mice, but not in adult mice, correlated with photosensitive retinal dysfunction, increased photoreceptor apoptosis, differential expression of proapoptotic mediators, and microglia activation. We conclude that PRL is required for maintaining retinal functionality in both female and male mice during aging and has potential therapeutic value against age-related retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Arnold
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México; CONACYT-Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Stéphanie Thébault
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Rodrigo M Aroña
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México.
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17
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Chiarelli N, Ritelli M, Zoppi N, Colombi M. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Classical, Vascular, and Hypermobile Ehlers‒Danlos Syndromes. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E609. [PMID: 31409039 PMCID: PMC6723307 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ehlers‒Danlos syndromes (EDS) constitute a heterogenous group of connective tissue disorders characterized by joint hypermobility, skin abnormalities, and vascular fragility. The latest nosology recognizes 13 types caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding collagens and other molecules involved in collagen processing and extracellular matrix (ECM) biology. Classical (cEDS), vascular (vEDS), and hypermobile (hEDS) EDS are the most frequent types. cEDS and vEDS are caused respectively by defects in collagen V and collagen III, whereas the molecular basis of hEDS is unknown. For these disorders, the molecular pathology remains poorly studied. Herein, we review, expand, and compare our previous transcriptome and protein studies on dermal fibroblasts from cEDS, vEDS, and hEDS patients, offering insights and perspectives in their molecular mechanisms. These cells, though sharing a pathological ECM remodeling, show differences in the underlying pathomechanisms. In cEDS and vEDS fibroblasts, key processes such as collagen biosynthesis/processing, protein folding quality control, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, autophagy, and wound healing are perturbed. In hEDS cells, gene expression changes related to cell-matrix interactions, inflammatory/pain responses, and acquisition of an in vitro pro-inflammatory myofibroblast-like phenotype may contribute to the complex pathogenesis of the disorder. Finally, emerging findings from miRNA profiling of hEDS fibroblasts are discussed to add some novel biological aspects about hEDS etiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Chiarelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy.
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18
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New insights into human prolactin pathophysiology: genomics and beyond. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2019; 31:207-211. [DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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PRL -1149T allele (rs1341239) is associated with decreased risk of rheumatoid arthritis in population from southern Mexico: analysis of mRNA expression and PRL serum levels. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:2089-2097. [PMID: 30911943 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolactin (PRL) is a sex hormone with immunomodulatory properties, and it is associated with the clinical activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The -1149G>T polymorphism at the prolactin (PRL) gene has been associated with autoimmune diseases, but its functional effect is unclear. OBJECTIVE To analyze the association of the PRL -1149G>T polymorphism with disease susceptibility, mRNA, and protein expression of PRL in RA patients from Southern Mexico. METHODS We included 300 RA patients and 300 control subjects (CS). Genotypes were identified by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, the PRL mRNA expression was determined by real-time PCR, and PRL serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Applying genetic models of inheritance (dominant, recessive, and additive), we found an association between the T allele and decreased RA susceptibility (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.35-0.87, p = 0.009; OR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.012-0.76, p = 0.011; OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.32-0.76, p = 0.001, respectively). RA patients had higher mRNA expression and soluble levels of PRL than CS (p < 0.05). The PRL serum levels were similar in RA and CS according to genotypes. However, in CS, carriers of GT and TT genotypes showed lower PRL mRNA expression than GG genotype carriers (7.1-fold and 20-fold respectively, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the PRL -1149T allele is a genetic marker of decrease risk to RA in population from Southern Mexico, and it is associated with low PRL mRNA. KEY POINTS • PRL -1149T allele is a marker of decreased RA susceptibility in population from southern Mexico. • PRL -1149TT genotype is associated with low PRL mRNA expression. • RA patients have higher mRNA expression and soluble levels of PRL than healthy subjects. • PRL serum levels are higher in those RA patients with < 2 years of disease evolution.
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do Nascimento AF, Thompsom B, Dell'Armelina Rocha PR, Kirychuk S, Bernardi MM, Felicio LF. Hyperprolactinemia Impaired the Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on Both Body Temperature and Sickness Behavior in Virgin Female Rats. Neuroimmunomodulation 2019; 26:285-291. [PMID: 31935743 DOI: 10.1159/000505096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previously we observed an attenuation of body temperature in lactating rats treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared with virgin saline-treated females. We proposed that high levels of prolactin (PRL) during lactation may induce this attenuation because PRL has a suppressive effect on inflammation. In the present study, we induced hyperprolactinemia in female virgin rats to investigate the effects of PRL on body temperature and sickness behavior induced by LPS. METHODS To induce hyperprolactinemia, female rats in the estrous phase received domperidone 3 times/day for 5 days and an LPS injection (D + LPS group). Two other groups were treated with saline solution for 5 days, and one of them received a saline injection (S + S group) and the other LPS (S + LPS group). Tympanic temperature was assessed 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after treatment. Body weight gain and food and water consumption were observed 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after treatment. RESULTS Hyperprolactinemia impaired LPS-induced hypothermia and hyperthermia phases of body temperature. Body weight gains in the S + LPS group and the D + LPS group were similar. A decrease in food consumption was observed in the D + LPS rats at 72 and 96 h compared to the S + LPS group. CONCLUSION Hyperprolactinemia impaired the body temperature increase induced by LPS and several signs of sickness behavior, suggesting that febrile responses to LPS can be modulated by the physiological state. These phenomena may have adaptive value for reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Florentina do Nascimento
- Medicine/Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture (CCHSA), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Brooke Thompsom
- Medicine/Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture (CCHSA), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Shelley Kirychuk
- Medicine/Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture (CCHSA), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Maria Martha Bernardi
- Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Luciano Freitas Felicio
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Triebel J, Robles JP, Zamora M, Martínez de la Escalera G, Bertsch T, Clapp C. Regulator of Angiogenesis and Vascular Function: A 2019 Update of the Vasoinhibin Nomenclature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:214. [PMID: 31024452 PMCID: PMC6467929 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Triebel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, General Hospital Nuremberg and Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jakob Triebel
| | - Juan Pablo Robles
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Zamora
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, General Hospital Nuremberg and Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
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Silawal S, Triebel J, Bertsch T, Schulze-Tanzil G. Osteoarthritis and the Complement Cascade. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS 2018; 11:1179544117751430. [PMID: 29434479 PMCID: PMC5805003 DOI: 10.1177/1179544117751430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that complement activation is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the intimate complement regulation and cross talk with other signaling pathways in joint-associated tissues remain incompletely understood. Recent insights are summarized and discussed here, to put together a more comprehensive picture of complement involvement in OA pathogenesis. Complement is regulated by several catabolic and inflammatory mediators playing a key role in OA. It seems to be involved in many processes observed during OA development and progression, such as extracellular cartilage matrix (ECM) degradation, chondrocyte and synoviocyte inflammatory responses, cell lysis, synovitis, disbalanced bone remodeling, osteophyte formation, and stem cell recruitment, as well as cartilage angiogenesis. In reverse, complement can be activated by various ECM components and their cleavage products, which are released during OA-associated cartilage degradation. There are, however, some other cartilage ECM components that can inhibit complement, underlining the diverse effects of ECM on the complement activation. It is hypothesized that complement might also be directly activated by mechanical stress, thereby contributing to OA. The question arises whether keeping the complement activation in balance could represent a future therapeutic strategy in OA treatment and in the prevention of its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Silawal
- Department of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Triebel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Department of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Germany
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23
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Tang MW, Garcia S, Gerlag DM, Tak PP, Reedquist KA. Insight into the Endocrine System and the Immune System: A Review of the Inflammatory Role of Prolactin in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Psoriatic Arthritis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:720. [PMID: 28690611 PMCID: PMC5481306 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects females three times more frequently than males. A potential role for hormones, such as prolactin (PRL), may in part explain this phenomenon. The risk of developing RA is increased in women who are lactating after the first pregnancy, which might be related to breastfeeding and the release of PRL. Other studies found a protective effect of PRL on RA development. Some studies have reported that hyperprolactinemia is more common in RA and serum PRL levels are correlated with several disease parameters, although others could not confirm these findings. Overall the plasma PRL levels are on average not elevated in RA. Previously, a small number of open-label clinical trials using bromocriptine, which indirectly decreases PRL levels, were performed in RA patients and showed clinical benefit, although others found the opposite effect. Locally produced PRL at the site of inflammation may have a crucial role in RA as well, as it has been shown that PRL can be produced by synovial macrophages. Locally produced PRL has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects in arthritis. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is also an autoinflammatory disease, in which the prolactin receptor is also expressed in macrophages. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the potential role of PRL signaling in inflammatory joint diseases (RA and PsA) and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man W Tang
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Samuel Garcia
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Danielle M Gerlag
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul P Tak
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom.,Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kris A Reedquist
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
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24
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Ledesma-Colunga MG, Adán N, Ortiz G, Solís-Gutiérrez M, López-Barrera F, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. Prolactin blocks the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and reduces osteoclastogenesis and bone loss in murine inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:93. [PMID: 28506283 PMCID: PMC5433139 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolactin (PRL) reduces joint inflammation, pannus formation, and bone destruction in rats with polyarticular adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). Here, we investigate the mechanism of PRL protection against bone loss in AIA and in monoarticular AIA (MAIA). Methods Joint inflammation, trabecular bone loss, and osteoclastogenesis were evaluated in rats with AIA treated with PRL (via osmotic minipumps) and in mice with MAIA that were null (Prlr-/-) or not (Prlr+/+) for the PRL receptor. To help define target cells, synovial fibroblasts from Prlr+/+ mice were treated or not with proinflammatory cytokines ((Cyt), including TNFα, IL-1β, and interferon (IFN)γ) with or without PRL, and these synovial cells were co-cultured or not with bone marrow osteoclast progenitors from Prlr+/+ or Prlr-/- mice. Results In AIA, PRL treatment reduced joint swelling, increased trabecular bone area, lowered osteoclast density, and reduced mRNA levels of osteoclast-associated genes (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Trap)), cathepsin K (Ctsk), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9), and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB or RANK (Tnfrsf11a)), of genes encoding cytokines with osteoclastogenic activity (Tnfa, Il1b, Il6, and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand or RANKL (Tnfrsf11)), and of genes encoding for transcription factors and cytokines related to T helper (Th)17 cells (Rora, Rorc, Il17a, Il21, Il22) and to regulatory T cells (Foxp3, Ebi3, Il12a, Tgfb1, Il10). Prlr-/- mice with MAIA showed enhanced joint swelling, reduced trabecular bone area, increased osteoclast density, and elevated expression of Tnfa, Il1b, Il6, Trap, Tnfrsf11a, Tnfrsf11, Il17a, Il21, Il22, 1 l23, Foxp3, and Il10. The expression of the long PRL receptor form increased in arthritic joints, and in synovial membranes and cultured synovial fibroblasts treated with Cyt. PRL induced the phosphorylation/activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and inhibited the Cyt-induced expression of Il1b, Il6, and Tnfrsf11 in synovial fibroblast cultures. The STAT3 inhibitor S31-201 blocked inhibition of Tnfrsf11 by PRL. Finally, PRL acted on both synovial fibroblasts and osteoclast precursor cells to downregulate Cyt-induced osteoclast differentiation. Conclusion PRL protects against osteoclastogenesis and bone loss in inflammatory arthritis by inhibiting cytokine-induced expression of RANKL in joints and synovial fibroblasts via its canonical STAT3 signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1290-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Ledesma-Colunga
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Norma Adán
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Georgina Ortiz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Mariana Solís-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Fernando López-Barrera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Gonzalo Martínez de la Escalera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México.
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Triebel J, Robles-Osorio ML, Garcia-Franco R, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C, Bertsch T. From Bench to Bedside: Translating the Prolactin/Vasoinhibin Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:342. [PMID: 29321761 PMCID: PMC5732132 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prolactin/vasoinhibin axis defines an endocrine system, in which prolactin (PRL) and vasoinhibins regulate blood vessel growth and function, the secretion of other hormones, inflammatory and immune processes, coagulation, and behavior. The core element of the PRL/vasoinhibin axis is the generation of vasoinhibins, which consists in the proteolytic cleavage of their precursor molecule PRL. Vasoinhibins can interact with multiple different partners to mediate their effects in various tissues and anatomical compartments, indicating their pleiotropic nature. Based on accumulating knowledge about the PRL/vasoinhibin axis, two clinical trials were initiated, in which vasoinhibin levels are the target of therapeutic interventions. One trial investigates the effect of levosulpiride, a selective dopamine D2-receptor antagonist, on retinal alterations in patients with diabetic macular edema and retinopathy. The rationale of this trial is that the levosulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia resulting in increased retinal vasoinhibins could lead to beneficiary outcomes in terms of a vasoinhibin-mediated antagonization of diabetes-induced retinal alterations. Another trial investigated the effect of bromocriptine, a dopamine D2-receptor agonist, for the treatment of peripartum cardiomyopathy. The rationale of treatment with bromocriptine is the inhibition of vasoinhibin generation by substrate depletion to prevent detrimental effects on the myocardial microvascularization. The trial demonstrated that bromocriptine treatment was associated with a high rate of left ventricular recovery and low morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic interventions into the PRL/vasoinhibin axis bear the risk of side effects in the areas of blood coagulation, blood pressure, and alterations of the mental state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Triebel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jakob Triebel,
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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