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Lin S, Moreinos D, Marvidou AM, Novak R, Rotstein I, Abbott PV. The role of infection in signalling root resorption: A narrative review. Int Endod J 2024. [PMID: 39291291 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root resorption consists of complex, multistep processes that involve cell signalling caused by inflammation and stromal cells, which promotes the secretion of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/ macrophage-colony stimulating factor (RANKL/M-CSF) resulting in a resorptive process. OBJECTIVE The aim of this narrative review was to analyse the literature related to root resorption resulting from microbial infection and to comparing it with non-microbial infection. METHODS An electronic literature search was performed using the PubMed database and applying keywords of articles published in English. Eligible papers were reviewed to reveal the descriptions of bone and root resorption processes. The abstracts were searched manually to identify articles about infection-stimulating bone and root resorption. RESULTS Three main types of root resorption were identified, two associated with primary bacterial infection and one secondary to bacterial infection. These include external inflammatory resorption, internal inflammatory resorption and external cervical (invasive) resorption. DISCUSSION The magnitude of cytokine involvement that promotes resorption and M-CSF/RANKL production depends on multiple factors, including pathogen virulence, site of infection and host genetic factors that activate the inflammation at the infection site. Two mechanisms activate the resorption mechanisms-the canonical and non-canonical pathways that can activate clastic cells independently of the RANKL/RANK canonical pathways. CONCLUSIONS Two pathways of root resorption co-exist in the body. When resorption is caused by infection, chronic inflammation due to bacterial infection prolongs the secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines that intensify root and bone resorption. The second pathway is bacterial independent of the non-infection root resorption that is part of the wound healing process, which is limited in time due to its innate ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lin
- The Israeli National Center for Trauma & Emergency Medicine Research, Gertner Institute, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Endodontics, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - D Moreinos
- Endodontic Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - A M Marvidou
- Department of Endodontology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - R Novak
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Orthopedic Oncology Unit, Department of Orthopedic, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - I Rotstein
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - P V Abbott
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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2
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Hu L, Chen W, Qian A, Li YP. Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and disease. Bone Res 2024; 12:39. [PMID: 38987555 PMCID: PMC11237130 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wnts are secreted, lipid-modified proteins that bind to different receptors on the cell surface to activate canonical or non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, which control various biological processes throughout embryonic development and adult life. Aberrant Wnt signaling pathway underlies a wide range of human disease pathogeneses. In this review, we provide an update of Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and diseases. The Wnt proteins, receptors, activators, inhibitors, and the crosstalk of Wnt signaling pathways with other signaling pathways are summarized and discussed. We mainly review Wnt signaling functions in bone formation, homeostasis, and related diseases, and summarize mouse models carrying genetic modifications of Wnt signaling components. Moreover, the therapeutic strategies for treating bone diseases by targeting Wnt signaling, including the extracellular molecules, cytosol components, and nuclear components of Wnt signaling are reviewed. In summary, this paper reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling regulates bone formation, homeostasis, and the efforts targeting Wnt signaling for treating bone diseases. Finally, the paper evaluates the important questions in Wnt signaling to be further explored based on the progress of new biological analytical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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3
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Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV. Blood-testis barrier: a review on regulators in maintaining cell junction integrity between Sertoli cells. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 396:157-175. [PMID: 38564020 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is formed adjacent to the seminiferous basement membrane. It is a distinct ultrastructure, partitioning testicular seminiferous epithelium into apical (adluminal) and basal compartments. It plays a vital role in developing and maturing spermatocytes into spermatozoa via reorganizing its structure. This enables the transportation of preleptotene spermatocytes across the BTB, from basal to adluminal compartments in the seminiferous tubules. Several bioactive peptides and biomolecules secreted by testicular cells regulate the BTB function and support spermatogenesis. These peptides activate various downstream signaling proteins and can also be the target themself, which could improve the diffusion of drugs across the BTB. The gap junction (GJ) and its coexisting junctions at the BTB maintain the immunological barrier integrity and can be the "gateway" during spermatocyte transition. These junctions are the possible route for toxicant entry, causing male reproductive dysfunction. Herein, we summarize the detailed mechanism of all the regulators playing an essential role in the maintenance of the BTB, which will help researchers to understand and find targets for drug delivery inside the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, PIN 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, PIN 632014, India.
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4
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Wang HL, Narisawa M, Wu P, Meng X, Cheng XW. The many roles of cathepsins in restenosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24720. [PMID: 38333869 PMCID: PMC10850908 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-eluting stents (DES) and dual antiplatelet regimens have significantly improved the clinical management of ischemic heart disease; however, the drugs loaded with DES in clinical practice are mostly paclitaxel or rapamycin derivatives, which target symptoms of post implantation proliferation and inflammation, leading to delayed re-endothelialization and neo-atherosclerosis. Along with the treatments already in place, there is a need for novel strategies to lessen the negative clinical outcomes of DES delays as well as a need for greater understanding of their pathobiological mechanisms. This review concentrates on the function of cathepsins (Cats) in the inflammatory response and granulation tissue formation that follow Cat-induced damage to the vasculature scaffold, as well as the functions of Cats in intimal hyperplasia, which is characterized by the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and endothelial denudation, re-endothelialization, and/or neo-endothelialization. Additionally, Cats can alter essential neointima formation and immune response inside scaffolds, and if Cats are properly controlled in vivo, they may improve scaffold biocompatibility. This unique profile of functions could lead to an original concept for a cathepsin-based coronary intervention treatment as an adjunct to stent placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Long Wang
- Department of Adult Intensive Care Unit, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Megumi Narisawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichiken, 4668550, Japan
| | - Pan Wu
- Department of Adult Intensive Care Unit, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, PR China
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5
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Kobayashi-Sun J, Kobayashi I, Kashima M, Hirayama J, Kakikawa M, Yamada S, Suzuki N. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate both osteoblast and osteoclast activity through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the zebrafish scale. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1340089. [PMID: 38385024 PMCID: PMC10879286 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1340089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have received widespread attention as effective, noninvasive, and safe therapies across a range of clinical applications for bone disorders. However, due to the various frequencies of devices, their effects on tissues/cells are vary, which has been a bottleneck in understanding the effects of EMFs on bone tissue. Here, we developed an in vivo model system using zebrafish scales to investigate the effects of extremely low-frequency EMFs (ELF-EMFs) on fracture healing. Exposure to 10 millitesla (mT) of ELF-EMFs at 60 Hz increased the number of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the fractured scale, whereas 3 or 30 mT did not. Gene expression analysis revealed that exposure to 10 mT ELF-EMFs upregulated wnt10b and Wnt target genes in the fractured scale. Moreover, β-catenin expression was enhanced by ELF-EMFs predominantly at the fracture site of the zebrafish scale. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by IWR-1-endo treatment reduced both osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the fractured scale exposed to ELF-EMFs. These results suggest that ELF-EMFs promote both osteoblast and osteoclast activity through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in fracture healing. Our data provide in vivo evidence that ELF-EMFs generated with a widely used commercial AC power supply have a facilitative effect on fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Kobayashi-Sun
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Science, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Kashima
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Science, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Makiko Kakikawa
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sotoshi Yamada
- Department of Production System Engineering and Sciences, Faculty of Production System Engineering and Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Bao K, Jiao Y, Xing L, Zhang F, Tian F. The role of wnt signaling in diabetes-induced osteoporosis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:84. [PMID: 37106471 PMCID: PMC10141960 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, is characterized by a reduction in bone mass, destruction of bone microarchitecture, decreased bone strength, and increased bone fragility. Because of its insidious onset, osteoporosis renders patients highly susceptible to pathological fractures, leading to increased disability and mortality rates. However, the specific pathogenesis of osteoporosis induced by chronic hyperglycemia has not yet been fully elucidated. But it is currently known that the disruption of Wnt signaling triggered by chronic hyperglycemia is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic osteoporosis. There are two main types of Wnt signaling pathways, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (β-catenin-dependent) and the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway (non-β-catenin-dependent), both of which play an important role in regulating the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Therefore, this review systematically describes the effects of abnormal Wnt pathway signaling on bone homeostasis under hyperglycemia, hoping to reveal the relationship between Wnt signaling and diabetic osteoporosis to further improve understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairan Bao
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yinghua Jiao
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- North China University of Science and Technology, Bohai Road 21, Caofeidian Dis, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Faming Tian
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- North China University of Science and Technology, Bohai Road 21, Caofeidian Dis, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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7
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Rui S, Kubota T, Ohata Y, Yamamoto K, Fujiwara M, Takeyari S, Ozono K. Phosphate promotes osteogenic differentiation through non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway in human mesenchymal stem cells. Bone 2022; 164:116525. [PMID: 35987514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphate is indispensable in osteogenesis and mineralization. However, mechanisms by which phosphate enhances osteogenic differentiation are not fully understood. In this study, we studied the effect of phosphate on osteogenic differentiation as well as signaling pathways induced by phosphate in the process. METHOD Induced human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into osteoblasts by the change of media containing β-glycerophosphate (GP), 1 mM inorganic phosphate, or 3 mM inorganic phosphate (Pi). The differentiation of osteoblasts was verified by the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers and calcium deposition. RNA sequencing was performed to assess transcriptome in the early stage of osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS Osteogenic differentiation and mineralization were promoted in the 3 mM Pi group compared to those in the GP and 1 mM Pi groups on day 7 of culture. RNA sequencing revealed that the gene expressions involved in osteogenesis and the components in the Wnt signaling pathway was increased in 3 mM Pi group compared with those in the GP on day 7. Analysis with qPCR and Western blot suggested upregulation of components in the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, including WNT5b and phosphorylated-c-Jun in the 3 mM Pi group on day 7. WNT11 mRNA expression was increased in the 2 induction groups on day 7. Inhibition of WNT5b by siRNA experiment attenuated the components in non-canonical Wnt signaling expression, including WNT5b, WNT11 and ROR2 mRNA expression and phosphorylated-c-Jun protein expression. In addition, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization were partly decreased in 3 mM Pi group on day 7 by the inhibition of WNT5b. CONCLUSION Pi promoted osteogenic differentiation through the up-regulation of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, including WNT5b, WNT11, p-c-Jun/c-Jun, in the early stage of differentiation. These findings provide a new perspective into the association of Pi and the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway during osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Rui
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuo Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yasuhisa Ohata
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; The 1st. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeyari
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Vahidi S, Mirzajani E, Norollahi SE, Aziminezhad M, Samadani AA. Performance of DNA Methylation on the Molecular Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Cancer; targeted therapy approach. J Pharmacopuncture 2022; 25:88-100. [PMID: 35837145 PMCID: PMC9240405 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2022.25.2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mirzajani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elham Norollahi
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aziminezhad
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- UMR INSERM U 1122, Gene Environment Interactions in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology (IGE-PCV), University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Huang L, Chen W, Wei L, Su Y, Liang J, Lian H, Wang H, Long F, Yang F, Gao S, Tan Z, Xu J, Zhao J, Liu Q. Lonafarnib Inhibits Farnesyltransferase via Suppressing ERK Signaling Pathway to Prevent Osteoclastogenesis in Titanium Particle-Induced Osteolysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:848152. [PMID: 35300293 PMCID: PMC8921770 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.848152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wear debris after total joint arthroplasty can attract the recruitment of macrophages, which release pro-inflammatory substances, triggering the activation of osteoclasts, thereby leading to periprosthetic osteolysis (PPOL) and aseptic loosening. However, the development of pharmacological strategies targeting osteoclasts to prevent periprosthetic osteolysis has not been fruitful. In this study, we worked toward researching the effects and mechanisms of a farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitor Lonafarnib (Lon) on receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, as well as the impacts of Lon on titanium particle-induced osteolysis. To investigate the impacts of Lon on bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis in vitro, bone marrow macrophages were incubated and stimulated with RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). The influence of Lon on osteolysis prevention in vivo was examined utilizing a titanium particle-induced mouse calvarial osteolysis model. The osteoclast-relevant genes expression was explored by real-time quantitative PCR. Immunofluorescence was used to detect intracellular localization of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1). SiRNA silence assay was applied to examine the influence of FTase on osteoclasts activation. Related signaling pathways, including NFATc1 signaling, NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways were identified by western blot assay. Lon was illustrated to suppress bone resorptive function and osteoclastogenesis in vitro, and it also reduced the production of pro-inflammatory substances and prevented titanium particle-induced osteolysis in vivo. Lon decreased the expression of osteoclast-relevant genes and suppressed NFATc1 nuclear translocation and auto-amplification. Mechanistically, Lon dampened FTase, and inhibition of FTase reduced osteoclast formation by suppressing ERK signaling. Lon is a promising treatment option for osteoclast-related osteolysis diseases including periprosthetic osteolysis by targeted inhibition of FTase through suppressing ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linke Huang
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Linhua Wei
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,The Affiliated Nanning Infectious Disease Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Yuangang Su
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiamin Liang
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haoyu Lian
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Long
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiyao Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Uehara S, Mukai H, Yamashita T, Koide M, Murakami K, Udagawa N, Kobayashi Y. Inhibitor of protein kinase N3 suppresses excessive bone resorption in ovariectomized mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:251-261. [PMID: 35028715 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The long-term inhibition of bone resorption suppresses new bone formation because these processes are coupled during physiological bone remodeling. The development of anti-bone-resorbing agents that do not suppress bone formation is urgently needed. We previously demonstrated that Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling in mature osteoclasts promoted bone-resorbing activity through protein kinase N3 (Pkn3). The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 reportedly inhibited Pkn3 with a low Ki value (0.004 μM). We herein examined the effects of SB202190 on osteoclast differentiation and function in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow cells were cultured in the presence of M-csf and GST-Rankl to differentiate into multinucleated osteoclasts. Osteoclasts were treated with increasing concentrations of SB202190. For in vivo study, 10-week-old female mice were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX). OVX mice were intraperitoneally administered with a Pkn3 inhibitor at 2 mg/kg or vehicle for 4 weeks, and bone mass was analyzed by micro-CT. RESULTS SB202190 suppressed the auto-phosphorylation of Pkn3 in osteoclast cultures. SB202190 significantly inhibited the formation of resorption pits in osteoclast cultures by suppressing actin ring formation. SB202190 reduced c-Src activity in osteoclast cultures without affecting the interaction between Pkn3 and c-Src. A treatment with SB202190 attenuated OVX-induced bone loss without affecting the number of osteoclasts or bone formation by osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that Pkn3 has potential as a therapeutic target for bone loss due to increased bone resorption. SB202190 is promising as a lead compound for the development of novel anti-bone-resorbing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Uehara
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mukai
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, 530-8480, Japan
| | - Teruhito Yamashita
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hiro-oka , Shiojiri-shi, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Masanori Koide
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hiro-oka , Shiojiri-shi, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Kohei Murakami
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobayashi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hiro-oka , Shiojiri-shi, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan.
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11
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Zhang F, Attarilar S, Xie K, Han C, Huang K, Lan C, Wang C, Yang C, Wang L, Mozafari M, Li K, Liu J, Tang Y. Carfilzomib alleviated osteoporosis by targeting PSME1/2 to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 540:111520. [PMID: 34838695 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by decreased bone mineral density and impaired bone strength. Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a new-generation proteasome inhibitor and has been found to affect bone metabolism. However, the effect and mechanism of CFZ on OP has not been investigated systematically. In this study, we found that protein levels of proteasome activator subunit 1/2 (PSME1/2) increased in OP, and accumulated mostly in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Treatment with PSME1/2 recombinant protein inhibited osteogenesis and promoted osteoclast formation in vitro. Also, PSME1/2 inhibited the expression of β-catenin protein, resulting in limitation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CFZ inhibited PSME1 and PSME2 proteasome activities and increased β-catenin protein level, resulting in the translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus and activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, further promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastic differentiation. In vivo, we conducted ovariectomy (OVX) to create a model of OVX-induced postmenopausal OP in mice. When analyzed by micro-CT scanning, enhancement of bone mineral density, bone volume, trabecular number, and thickness was seen in the CFZ-treated mice. Also, we noticed increased osteogenesis and decreased osteoclastogenesis, diminished expression of PSME1 and PSME2 and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone sections from OP mice treated with CFZ. Overall, our data indicated that PSME1/2 may serve as new targets for the treatment of OP, and targeting PSME1/2 with CFZ provides a candidate therapeutic molecule for postmenopausal OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Shokouh Attarilar
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kegong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Changgong Lan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Chong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Chengliang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kai Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yujin Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
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12
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TNF-α Activating Osteoclasts in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis Enhances the Recruitment of Osteoclast Precursors: A Plausible Role of WNT5A-MCP-1 in Osteoclast Engagement in Psoriatic Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020921. [PMID: 35055107 PMCID: PMC8778693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) results from joint destruction by osteoclasts. The promising efficacy of TNF-α blockage indicates its important role in osteoclastogenesis of PsA. WNT ligands actively regulate osteoclastogenesis. We investigated how WNT ligands activate osteoclasts amid the TNF-α milieu in PsA. We first profiled the expression of WNT ligands in CD14+ monocyte-derived osteoclasts (MDOC) from five PsA patients and five healthy controls (HC) and then validated the candidate WNT ligands in 32 PsA patients and 16 HC. Through RNA interference against WNT ligands in MDOC, we determined the mechanisms by which TNF-α exerts its effects on osteclastogenesis or chemotaxis. WNT5A was selectively upregulated by TNF-α in MDOC from PsA patients. The number of CD68+WNT5A+ osteoclasts increased in PsA joints. CXCL1, CXCL16, and MCP-1 was selectively increased in supernatants of MDOC from PsA patients. RNA interference against WNT5A abolished the increased MCP-1 from MDOC and THP-1-cell-derived osteoclasts. The increased migration of osteoclast precursors (OCP) induced by supernatant from PsA MDOC was abolished by the MCP-1 neutralizing antibody. WNT5A and MCP-1 expressions were decreased in MDOC from PsA patients treated by biologics against TNF-α but not IL-17. We conclude that TNF-α recruits OCP by increased MCP-1 production but does not directly activate osteoclastogenesis in PsA.
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13
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Wang Q, Duan M, Liao J, Xie J, Zhou C. Are Osteoclasts Mechanosensitive Cells? J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:1917-1938. [PMID: 34706793 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Skeleton metabolism is a process in which osteoclasts constantly remove old bone and osteoblasts form new osteoid and induce mineralization; disruption of this balance may cause diseases. Osteoclasts play a key role in bone metabolism, as osteoclastogenesis marks the beginning of each bone remodeling cycle. As the only cell capable of bone resorption, osteoclasts are derived from the monocyte/macrophage hematopoietic precursors that terminally adhere to mineralized extracellular matrix, and they subsequently break down the extracellular compartment. Bone is generally considered the load-burdening tissue, bone homeostasis is critically affected by mechanical conductions, and the bone cells are mechanosensitive. The functions of various bone cells under mechanical forces such as chondrocytes and osteoblasts have been reported; however, the unique bone-resorbing osteoclasts are less studied. The oversuppression of osteoclasts in mechanical studies may be because of its complicated differentiation progress and flexible structure, which increases difficulty in targeting mechanical structures. This paper will focus on recent findings regarding osteoclasts and attempt to uncover proposed candidate mechanosensing structures in osteoclasts including podosome-associated complexes, gap junctions and transient receptor potential family (ion channels). We will additionally describe possible mechanotransduction signaling pathways including GTPase ras homologue family member A (RhoA), Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), Ca2+ signaling and non-canonical Wnt signaling. According to numerous studies, evaluating the possible influence of various physical environments on osteoclastogenesis is conducive to the study of bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Mengmeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jingfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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14
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Hu Y, Zhou W, Zhu C, Zhou Y, Guo Q, Huang X, Yang B, Ren B, Cheng L. The Synergistic Effect of Nicotine and Staphylococcus aureus on Peri-Implant Infections. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:658380. [PMID: 34589469 PMCID: PMC8473630 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.658380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is considered a key risk factor for implant survival; however, how it interacts with the pathogens in peri-implant infections is not clear. Here, we identified that nicotine, the key component of cigarette smoking, can interact with Staphylococcus aureus and synergistically induce peri-implant infections in a rat osteolysis model. The nicotine–S. aureus combination group increased the gross bone pathology, osteolysis, periosteal reactions, and bone resorption compared to the nicotine or S. aureus single treated group (p < 0.05). Nicotine did not promote the proliferation of S. aureus both in vitro and in vivo, but it can significantly upregulate the expression of staphylococcal protein A (SpA), a key virulence factor of S. aureus. The nicotine–S. aureus combination also synergistically activated the expression of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand, p < 0.05) to promote the development of peri-implant infections. The synergistic effects between nicotine and S. aureus infection can be a new target to reduce the peri-implant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengguang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bina Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Jobe NP, Åsberg L, Andersson T. Reduced WNT5A signaling in melanoma cells favors an amoeboid mode of invasion. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1835-1848. [PMID: 33969605 PMCID: PMC8253101 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells invade and spread via either a mesenchymal or an amoeboid mode of migration. Amoeboid tumor cells have a rounded morphology and pronounced RhoA activity. Here, we investigate how WNT5A signaling, a tumor promotor in melanoma, relates to Rho GTPase activity and amoeboid migration. We compared melanoma cells with low (HTB63 cells) and high (WM852 cells) WNT5A expression. HTB63 cells exhibited an amoeboid morphology and had higher RhoA activity but lower invasiveness than WM852 cells in a three‐dimensional (3D) collagen matrix. We next explored the relationships between WNT5A, morphology, and invasive behavior. WNT5A knockdown impaired Rho GTPase Cdc42 activity, resulting in reduced invasion of amoeboid and mesenchymal melanoma cells. Interestingly, knockdown of WNT5A or inhibition of its secretion in WM852 cells expressing wild‐type BRAF also led to increased RhoA activity via decreased RND3 expression, resulting in predominantly amoeboid morphology. In contrast, such treatments had the opposite effects on RND3 expression and RhoA activity in HTB63 cells expressing the active BRAFV600 mutation. However, treatment of HTB63 cells with a BRAF inhibitor made them respond to WNT5A knockdown in a similar manner as WM852 cells expressing wild‐type BRAF. We next found that dual targeting of WNT5A and RhoA more effectively reduced melanoma cell invasion than targeting either protein individually. Taken together, our results suggest that low WNT5A signaling in melanoma cells promotes a rounded amoeboid type of invasion, which quite likely serves as a compensatory response to decreased WNT5A/Cdc42‐driven invasion. This phenomenon partially explains the enduring melanoma cell invasion observed after impaired WNT5A signaling and has therapeutic implications. Our results suggest that dual targeting of WNT5A and RhoA signaling is a more effective strategy for controlling the invasion of BRAF wild‐type and BRAFV600 mutated melanomas treated with a BRAF inhibitor than targeting either of the proteins individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njainday Pulo Jobe
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lisa Åsberg
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tommy Andersson
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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16
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De Martinis M, Sirufo MM, Ginaldi L. Osteoporosis: Current and Emerging Therapies Targeted to Immunological Checkpoints. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:6356-6372. [PMID: 31362684 PMCID: PMC8206194 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190730113123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal pathology characterized by compromised bone strength leading to increased risk of fracture, mainly the spine and hip fractures. Osteoporosis affects more than 200 million people worldwide and because of the skeletal fractures it causes, represents a major cause of morbidity, disability and mortality in older people. Recently, the new discoveries of osteoimmunology have clarified many of the pathogenetic mechanisms of osteoporosis, helping to identify new immunological targets for its treatment opening the way for new and effective therapies with biological drugs. Currently, there are basically two monoclonal antibodies for osteoporosis therapy: denosumab and romosozumab. Here, we focus on the modern approach to the osteoporosis management and in particular, on current and developing biologic drugs targeted to new immunological checkpoints, in the landscape of osteoimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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17
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Liu SW, Li HT, Ge RS, Cheng CY. NC1-peptide derived from collagen α3 (IV) chain is a blood-tissue barrier regulator: lesson from the testis. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:123-128. [PMID: 32896837 PMCID: PMC7991810 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_44_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen α3 (IV) chains are one of the major constituent components of the basement membrane in the mammalian testis. Studies have shown that biologically active fragments, such as noncollagenase domain (NC1)-peptide, can be released from the C-terminal region of collagen α3 (IV) chains, possibly through the proteolytic action of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). NC1-peptide was shown to promote blood–testis barrier (BTB) remodeling and fully developed spermatid (e.g., sperm) release from the seminiferous epithelium because this bioactive peptide was capable of perturbing the organization of both actin- and microtubule (MT)-based cytoskeletons at the Sertoli cell–cell and also Sertoli–spermatid interface, the ultrastructure known as the basal ectoplasmic specialization (ES) and apical ES, respectively. More importantly, recent studies have shown that this NC1-peptide-induced effects on cytoskeletal organization in the testis are mediated through an activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1/ribosomal protein S6/transforming retrovirus Akt1/2 protein (mTORC1/rpS6/Akt1/2) signaling cascade, involving an activation of cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42) GTPase, but not Ras homolog family member A GTPase (RhoA), and the participation of end-binding protein 1 (EB1), a microtubule plus (+) end tracking protein (+TIP), downstream. Herein, we critically evaluate these findings, providing a critical discussion by which the basement membrane modulates spermatogenesis through one of its locally generated regulatory peptides in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wen Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hui-Tao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
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18
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Kim SI, Kim YH, Kang BG, Kang MK, Lee EJ, Kim DY, Oh H, Oh SY, Na W, Lim SS, Kang YH. Linarin and its aglycone acacetin abrogate actin ring formation and focal contact to bone matrix of bone-resorbing osteoclasts through inhibition of αvβ3 integrin and core-linked CD44. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:153351. [PMID: 32987362 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since enhanced bone resorption due to osteoclast differentiation and activation cause skeletal diseases, there is a growing need in therapeutics for combating bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Botanical antioxidants are being increasingly investigated for their health-promoting effects on bone. Edible Cirsium setidens contains various polyphenols of linarin, pectolinarin, and apigenin with antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether linarin present in Cirsium setidens water extracts (CSE) and its aglycone acacetin inhibited osteoclastogenesis of RANKL-exposed RAW 264.7 murine macrophages for 5 days. METHODS This study assessed the osteoprotective effects of CSE, linarin and acacetin on RANKL-induced differentiation and activation of osteoclasts by using MTT assay, TRAP staining, Western blot analysis, bone resorption assay actin ring staining, adhesion assay and immunocytochemical assay. This study explored the underlying mechanisms of their osteoprotection, and identified major components present in CSE by HPLC analysis. RESULTS Linarin and pectolinarin were identified as major components of CSE. Nontoxic linarin and acacetin as well as CSE, but not pectolinarin attenuated the RANKL-induced macrophage differentiation into multinucleated osteoclasts, and curtailed osteoclastic bone resorption through reducing lacunar acidification and bone matrix degradation in the osteoclast-bone interface. Linarin and acacetin in CSE reduced the transmigration and focal contact of osteoclasts to bone matrix-mimicking RGD peptide. Such reduction was accomplished by inhibiting the induction of integrins, integrin-associated proteins of paxillin and gelsolin, cdc42 and CD44 involved in the formation of actin rings. The inhibition of integrin-mediated actin ring formation by linarin and acacetin entailed the disruption of TRAF6-c-Src-PI3K signaling of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. The functional inhibition of c-Src was involved in the loss of F-actin-enriched podosome core protein cortactin-mediated actin assembly due to linarin and acacetin. CONCLUSION These observations demonstrate that CSE, linarin and acacetin were effective in retarding osteoclast function of focal adhesion to bone matrix and active bone resorption via inhibition of diffuse cloud-associated αvβ3 integrin and core-linked CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Il Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Beom Goo Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyeongjoo Oh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Su Yeon Oh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Woojin Na
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
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19
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Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207597. [PMID: 33066607 PMCID: PMC7589189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between bone forming cells (osteoblasts/osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts) plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and bone repair. Several hormones, cytokines, and growth factors-in particular the members of the TGF-β superfamily such as the bone morphogenetic proteins-not only regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and functioning of these cells, but also coordinate the communication between them to ensure an appropriate response. Therefore, this review focuses on TGF-β superfamily and its influence on bone formation and repair, through the regulation of osteoclastogenesis, osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, and osteoblasts/osteoclasts balance. After introducing the main types of bone cells, their differentiation and cooperation during bone remodeling and fracture healing processes are discussed. Then, the TGF-β superfamily, its signaling via canonical and non-canonical pathways, as well as its regulation by Wnt/Notch or microRNAs are described and discussed. Its important role in bone homeostasis, repair, or disease is also highlighted. Finally, the clinical therapeutic uses of members of the TGF-β superfamily and their associated complications are debated.
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20
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Bertrand AA, Malapati SH, Yamaguchi DT, Lee JC. The Intersection of Mechanotransduction and Regenerative Osteogenic Materials. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000709. [PMID: 32940024 PMCID: PMC7864218 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical signals play a central role in cell fate determination and differentiation in both physiologic and pathologic circumstances. Such signals may be delivered using materials to generate discrete microenvironments for the purposes of tissue regeneration and have garnered increasing attention in recent years. Unlike the addition of progenitor cells or growth factors, delivery of a microenvironment is particularly attractive in that it may reduce the known untoward consequences of the former two strategies, such as excessive proliferation and potential malignant transformation. Additionally, the ability to spatially modulate the fabrication of materials allows for the creation of multiple microenvironments, particularly attractive for regenerating complex tissues. While many regenerative materials have been developed and tested for augmentation of specific cellular responses, the intersection between cell biology and material interactions have been difficult to dissect due to the complexity of both physical and chemical interactions. Specifically, modulating materials to target individual signaling pathways is an avenue of interdisciplinary research that may lead to a more effective method of optimizing regenerative materials. In this work, the aim is to summarize the major mechanotransduction pathways for osteogenic differentiation and to consolidate the known materials and material properties that activate such pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A. Bertrand
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sri Harshini Malapati
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dean T. Yamaguchi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Research Service, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Justine C. Lee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Research Service, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, Los Angeles, California
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21
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Takito J, Nakamura M. Heterogeneity and Actin Cytoskeleton in Osteoclast and Macrophage Multinucleation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186629. [PMID: 32927783 PMCID: PMC7554939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclast signatures are determined by two transcriptional programs, the lineage-determining transcription pathway and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-dependent differentiation pathways. During differentiation, mononuclear precursors become multinucleated by cell fusion. Recently, live-cell imaging has revealed a high level of heterogeneity in osteoclast multinucleation. This heterogeneity includes the difference in the differentiation states and the mobility of the fusion precursors, as well as the mode of fusion among the fusion precursors with different numbers of nuclei. In particular, fusion partners often form morphologically distinct actin-based linkages that allow two cells to exchange lipids and proteins before membrane fusion. However, the origin of this heterogeneity remains elusive. On the other hand, osteoclast multinucleation is sensitive to the environmental cues. Such cues promote the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, especially the formation and transformation of the podosome, an actin-rich punctate adhesion. This review covers the heterogeneity of osteoclast multinucleation at the pre-fusion stage with reference to the environment-dependent signaling pathway responsible for reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, we compare osteoclast multinucleation with macrophage fusion, which results in multinucleated giant macrophages.
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Alleviation by Mahuang Fuzi and Shenzhuo Decoction in High Glucose-Induced Podocyte Injury by Inhibiting the Activation of Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway, Resulting in Activation of Podocyte Autophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7809427. [PMID: 32963573 PMCID: PMC7486640 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7809427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Organ fibrosis is a common endpoint of a variety of diseases. Many studies have shown that the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is related to the excessive activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on podocytes, so the treatment of DKD starts from this signaling pathway. At the same time, DKD, as a metabolic disease, has many connections related to podocyte autophagy. Objectives We experimented the effects of Mahuang Fuzi and Shenzhuo decoction (MFSD) which is the combination of Mahuang Fuzi decoction and Shenzhuo decoction in traditional Chinese medicine compounds used "The Golden Chamber" in high glucose-induced podocytes, determined whether this effect was related to Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and further investigated the relationship between this effect and autophagy. Methods The mice podocytes were stimulated by using 30 mmol/L of high glucose and serum containing MFSD or Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor DKK1 (100 ng/ml) was used to intervene podocytes before high glucose stimulation. Podocyte injury-related proteins, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins, and autophagy-related proteins were detected by using western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Results Our results showed that DKK1 and MFSD treatment significantly upregulated the protein expressions of nephrin, podocin, podocalyxin, and podoplanin in high glucose-induced podocytes and downregulated the β-catenin protein expression. Furthermore, the protein expressions of beclin1, LC3B, and P62 were also significantly increased in high glucose-induced podocytes. Conclusion Our experiments confirmed that the destruction of podocytes in DKD is related to the excessive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the inhibition of autophagy after activation. MFSD treatment can inhibit the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in podocytes stimulated by high glucose and helpful in reducing the podocyte injury. This protective mechanism can be related to the enhancement of podocyte autophagy by MFSD treatment.
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Zhao Y, Jia L, Zheng Y, Li W. Involvement of Noncoding RNAs in the Differentiation of Osteoclasts. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4813140. [PMID: 32908541 PMCID: PMC7468661 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4813140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most important bone-resorbing cells, osteoclasts play fundamental roles in bone remodeling and skeletal health. Much effort has been focused on identifying the regulators of osteoclast metabolism. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) reportedly regulate osteoclast formation, differentiation, survival, and bone-resorbing activity to participate in bone physiology and pathology. The present review intends to provide a general framework for how ncRNAs and their targets regulate osteoclast differentiation and the important events of osteoclastogenesis they are involved in, including osteoclast precursor generation, early differentiation, mononuclear osteoclast fusion, and multinucleated osteoclast function and survival. This framework is beneficial for understanding bone biology and for identifying the potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets of bone diseases. The review also summarizes the results of in vivo experiments and classic experiment methods for osteoclast-related researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhang Y, Ma C, Liu C, Wu W. NF-κB promotes osteoclast differentiation by overexpressing MITF via down regulating microRNA-1276 expression. Life Sci 2020; 258:118093. [PMID: 32673666 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is an important nuclear transcription factor in cells, involving in a series of processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. In this study, we explored the specific mechanism of NF-κB on the differentiation of osteoclasts. METHODS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) expression microarray data GSE105027 related to osteoarthritis was obtained to screen out the differentially expressed miRNA. Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) was used to induce THP-1 cells to differentiate into macrophages, followed by induction to osteoclasts using macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). ELISA and RT-qPCR were conducted to examine IL-6 and IL-1β expression. The binding of NF-κB to the miR-1276 promoter region was demonstrated by ChIP assay, and targeting relationship between miR-1276 and MITF was verified by dual luciferase reporter assay. KK, iKBα, NF-kB, p-IKK, p-iKBα, p-NF-kB expression was analyzed by western blot. NF-κB and miR-1276 expression in osteoclasts was examined later. After gain- and less-of-function study, the effects on osteoclast differentiation were detected by TRAP-positive osteoclasts, TRAP activity, TRAP-5b content, F-Actin expression, as well as osteoclast differentiation marker genes expression. RESULTS NF-κB was activated in osteoclasts, and down-regulation of NF-κB inhibited osteoclast differentiation. Next, miR-1276 was downregulated in osteoclasts after differentiation from monocytes. Meanwhile, NF-κB decreased the expression of miR-1276 by binding to the miR-1276 promoter, thereby elevating MITF expression, thereby promoting osteoclast differentiation. CONCLUSION In summary, NF-κB promoted osteoclast differentiation through downregulating miR-1276 to upregulate MITF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Chunshui Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
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Abaricia JO, Shah AH, Chaubal M, Hotchkiss KM, Olivares-Navarrete R. Wnt signaling modulates macrophage polarization and is regulated by biomaterial surface properties. Biomaterials 2020; 243:119920. [PMID: 32179303 PMCID: PMC7191325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are among the first cells to interact with biomaterials and ultimately determine their integrative fate. Biomaterial surface characteristics like roughness and hydrophilicity can activate macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Wnt signaling, a key cell proliferation and differentiation pathway, has been associated with dysregulated macrophage activity in disease. However, the role Wnt signaling plays in macrophage activation and response to biomaterials is unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize the regulation of Wnt signaling in macrophages during classical pro- and anti-inflammatory polarization and in their response to smooth, rough, and rough-hydrophilic titanium (Ti) surfaces. Peri-implant Wnt signaling in macrophage-ablated (MaFIA) mice instrumented with intramedullary Ti rods was significantly attenuated compared to untreated controls. Wnt ligand mRNA were upregulated in a surface modification-dependent manner in macrophages isolated from the surface of Ti implanted in C57Bl/6 mice. In vitro, Wnt mRNAs were regulated in primary murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages cultured on Ti in a surface modification-dependent manner. When macrophageal Wnt secretion was inhibited, macrophage sensitivity to both physical and biological stimuli was abrogated. Loss of macrophage-derived Wnts also impaired recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells and T-cells to Ti implants in vivo. Finally, inhibition of integrin signaling decreased surface-dependent upregulation of Wnt genes. These results suggest that Wnt signaling regulates macrophage response to biomaterials and that macrophages are an important source of Wnt ligands during inflammation and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson O Abaricia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Arth H Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Manotri Chaubal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kelly M Hotchkiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Goodman SB, Gallo J. Periprosthetic Osteolysis: Mechanisms, Prevention and Treatment. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2091. [PMID: 31805704 PMCID: PMC6947309 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies, as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that byproducts from joint replacements induce an inflammatory reaction that can result in periprosthetic osteolysis (PPOL) and aseptic loosening (AL). Particle-stimulated macrophages and other cells release cytokines, chemokines, and other pro-inflammatory substances that perpetuate chronic inflammation, induce osteoclastic bone resorption and suppress bone formation. Differentiation, maturation, activation, and survival of osteoclasts at the bone-implant interface are under the control of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-dependent pathways, and the transcription factors like nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Mechanical factors such as prosthetic micromotion and oscillations in fluid pressures also contribute to PPOL. The treatment for progressive PPOL is only surgical. In order to mitigate ongoing loss of host bone, a number of non-operative approaches have been proposed. However, except for the use of bisphosphonates in selected cases, none are evidence based. To date, the most successful and effective approach to preventing PPOL is usage of wear-resistant bearing couples in combination with advanced implant designs, reducing the load of metallic and polymer particles. These innovations have significantly decreased the revision rate due to AL and PPOL in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Broadway St. M/C 6342, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jiri Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
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The Regulation of Bone Metabolism and Disorders by Wnt Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225525. [PMID: 31698687 PMCID: PMC6888566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt, a secreted glycoprotein, has an approximate molecular weight of 40 kDa, and it is a cytokine involved in various biological phenomena including ontogeny, morphogenesis, carcinogenesis, and maintenance of stem cells. The Wnt signaling pathway can be classified into two main pathways: canonical and non-canonical. Of these, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway promotes osteogenesis. Sclerostin produced by osteocytes is an inhibitor of this pathway, thereby inhibiting osteogenesis. Recently, osteoporosis treatment using an anti-sclerostin therapy has been introduced. In this review, the basics of Wnt signaling, its role in bone metabolism and its involvement in skeletal disorders have been covered. Furthermore, the clinical significance and future scopes of Wnt signaling in osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and neoplasia are discussed.
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Peláez R, Pariente A, Pérez-Sala Á, Larrayoz IM. Integrins: Moonlighting Proteins in Invadosome Formation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050615. [PMID: 31052560 PMCID: PMC6562994 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich protrusions developed by transformed cells in 2D/3D environments that are implicated in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and degradation. These structures have an undoubted association with cancer invasion and metastasis because invadopodium formation in vivo is a key step for intra/extravasation of tumor cells. Invadopodia are closely related to other actin-rich structures known as podosomes, which are typical structures of normal cells necessary for different physiological processes during development and organogenesis. Invadopodia and podosomes are included in the general term 'invadosomes,' as they both appear as actin puncta on plasma membranes next to extracellular matrix metalloproteinases, although organization, regulation, and function are slightly different. Integrins are transmembrane proteins implicated in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and other important processes such as molecular signaling, mechano-transduction, and cell functions, e.g., adhesion, migration, or invasion. It is noteworthy that integrin expression is altered in many tumors, and other pathologies such as cardiovascular or immune dysfunctions. Over the last few years, growing evidence has suggested a role of integrins in the formation of invadopodia. However, their implication in invadopodia formation and adhesion to the ECM is still not well known. This review focuses on the role of integrins in invadopodium formation and provides a general overview of the involvement of these proteins in the mechanisms of metastasis, taking into account classic research through to the latest and most advanced work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Peláez
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
| | - Ana Pariente
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Pérez-Sala
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
| | - Ignacio M Larrayoz
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
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Yu M, Guo Y, Zhang P, Xue J, Yang J, Cai Q, You X, Ma J, Yang D, Jia Y, Wang Y, Li F, Chi S, Cao M, Chen J, Liu X. Increased circulating Wnt5a protein in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial pneumonia (RA-ILD). Immunobiology 2019; 224:551-559. [PMID: 31072629 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An early diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is important for guiding treatments of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated ILD (RA-ILD) in clinical settings. The non-canonical Wnt signaling representative ligand Wnt5a was recently found to involve in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pathogenesis of RA. The goal of this study was to examine the clinical relevance of Wnt5a in RA-ILD. In this report, the clinical relevance of plasma Wnt5a protein was evaluated in 40 RA-ILD patients and 41 non-ILD RA cohorts. The results showed an elevated Wnt5a protein in plasmas of RA-ILD patients compared with non-ILD RA patients (p < 0.01), which was positively correlated with the plasma level of rheumatoid factor (RF). Of note, more abundant Wnt5a was also found in patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) than those with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and other ILD patterns. More importantly, the disease severity was correlated with the circulating Wnt5a as ascertained by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)-UIP scores. The multiple-factor non-conditional logistic regression analysis further revealed that the age, RA duration, smoking and plasma Wnt5a were risk factors with clinical significance for RA-ILD. Interestingly, more Wnt5a-positive patients were identified in RA-ILD smokers relative to RA-ILD never-smokers, and longer smoking duration was strongly correlated with Wnt5a in RA-ILD patients. In consistence, ROC curve also suggested that the Wnt5a was a potential candidate biomarker for identifying patients with RA-UIP. These results demonstrate that the circulating Wnt5a may be a risk factor and potential biomarker for identifying UIP and accessing the severity and progression of ILD in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Institute of Human Stem Cell Research, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Qian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Xuehong You
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Jia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Dandan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Yujiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Shuhong Chi
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Mengshu Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Lozano C, Duroux-Richard I, Firat H, Schordan E, Apparailly F. MicroRNAs: Key Regulators to Understand Osteoclast Differentiation? Front Immunol 2019; 10:375. [PMID: 30899258 PMCID: PMC6416164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding single-stranded RNAs that represent important posttranscriptional regulators of protein-encoding genes. In particular, miRNAs play key roles in regulating cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, and cell differentiation. Recently, miRNAs emerged as critical regulators of osteoclasts (OCs) biology and have been involved in OCs pathogenic role in several disorders. OCs are multinucleated cells generated from myeloid precursors in the bone marrow, specialized in bone resorption. While there is a growing number of information on the cytokines and signaling pathways that are critical to control the differentiation of osteoclast precursors (OCPs) into mature OCs, the connection between OC differentiation steps and miRNAs is less well-understood. The present review will first summarize our current understanding of the miRNA-regulated pathways in the sequential steps required for OC formation, from the motility and migration of OCPs to the cell-cell fusion and the final formation of the actin ring and ruffled border in the functionally resorbing multinucleated OCs. Then, considering the difficulty of working on primary OCs and on the generation of robust data we will give an update on the most recent advances in the detection technologies for miRNAs quantification and how these are of particular interest for the understanding of OC biology and their use as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lozano
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Immunology Department, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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