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Li H, Liu H, Zhu D, Dou C, Gang B, Zhang M, Wan Z. Biological function molecular pathways and druggability of DNMT2/TRDMT1. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107222. [PMID: 38782147 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
5-methylcytosine (m5C) is among the most common epigenetic modification in DNA and RNA molecules, and plays an important role in the animal development and disease pathogenesis. Interestingly, unlike other m5C DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), DNMT2/TRDMT1 has the double-substrate specificity and adopts a DNMT-similar catalytic mechanism to methylate RNA. Moreover, it is widely involved in a variety of physiological regulatory processes, such as the gene expression, precise protein synthesis, immune response, and disease occurrence. Thus, comprehending the epigenetic mechanism and function of DNMT2/TRDMT1 will probably provide new strategies to treat some refractory diseases. Here, we discuss recent studies on the spatiotemporal expression pattern and post-translational modifications of DNMT2/TRDMT1, and summarize the research advances in substrate characteristics, catalytic recognition mechanism, DNMT2/TRDMT1-related genes or proteins, pharmacological application, and inhibitor development. This review will shed light on the pharmacological design by targeting DNMT2/TRDMT1 to treat parasitic, viral and oncologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huari Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China.
| | - Huiru Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Daiyun Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Chengli Dou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Baocai Gang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Ziyu Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
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Wang X, Liu D, Hua K, Fang L. LncRNA HOST2 promotes NSUN2-mediated breast cancer progression via interaction with ELAVL1. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111112. [PMID: 38387687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor in women worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. NSUN2, a crucial RNA methyltransferase, plays a pivotal role in regulating the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Our study demonstrated that NSUN2 is upregulated in BC tissues and cell lines, and its high expression is associated with a poor prognosis in BC patients. Knockout of NSUN2 exerted inhibitory effects on the proliferation and migration of BC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the RNA-binding protein ELAVL1 can bind to NSUN2 mRNA and increase its stability. Additionally, we identified HOST2, a long non-coding RNA, as a key player in blocking the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of ELAVL1, thereby influencing the stability of NSUN2 mRNA. In conclusion, this study revealed for the first time that HOST2 maintains NSUN2 mRNA stability by blocking ubiquitin-dependent degradation of ELAVL1, which in turn affects BC progression. HOST2/ELAVL1/NSUN2 oncogenic cascade has the potential to be a novel therapeutic target for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; Institute of Breast Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Diya Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; Institute of Breast Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Kaiyao Hua
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; Institute of Breast Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; Institute of Breast Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Domagała D, Data K, Szyller H, Farzaneh M, Mozdziak P, Woźniak S, Zabel M, Dzięgiel P, Kempisty B. Cellular, Molecular and Clinical Aspects of Aortic Aneurysm-Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. Cells 2024; 13:274. [PMID: 38334666 PMCID: PMC10854611 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A disturbance of the structure of the aortic wall results in the formation of aortic aneurysm, which is characterized by a significant bulge on the vessel surface that may have consequences, such as distention and finally rupture. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a major pathological condition because it affects approximately 8% of elderly men and 1.5% of elderly women. The pathogenesis of AAA involves multiple interlocking mechanisms, including inflammation, immune cell activation, protein degradation and cellular malalignments. The expression of inflammatory factors, such as cytokines and chemokines, induce the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the wall of the aorta, including macrophages, natural killer cells (NK cells) and T and B lymphocytes. Protein degradation occurs with a high expression not only of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) but also of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and chymases. The loss of extracellular matrix (ECM) due to cell apoptosis and phenotype switching reduces tissue density and may contribute to AAA. It is important to consider the key mechanisms of initiating and promoting AAA to achieve better preventative and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Domagała
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.D.); (K.D.); (H.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Data
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.D.); (K.D.); (H.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Hubert Szyller
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.D.); (K.D.); (H.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27613, USA
| | - Sławomir Woźniak
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.D.); (K.D.); (H.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (P.D.)
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (P.D.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.D.); (K.D.); (H.S.); (S.W.)
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27613, USA
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Petersen-Cherubini CL, Murphy SP, Xin M, Liu Y, Deffenbaugh JL, Jahan I, Rau CN, Yang Y, Lovett-Racke AE. Autotaxin in encephalitogenic CD4 T cells as a therapeutic target for multiple sclerosis. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350561. [PMID: 37850588 PMCID: PMC10843518 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the CNS. A defining characteristic of MS is the ability of autoreactive T lymphocytes to cross the blood-brain barrier and mediate inflammation within the CNS. Previous work from our lab found the gene Enpp2 to be highly upregulated in murine encephalitogenic T cells. Enpp2 encodes for the protein autotaxin, a secreted glycoprotein that catalyzes the production of lysophosphatidic acid and promotes transendothelial migration of T cells from the bloodstream into the lymphatic system. The present study sought to characterize autotaxin expression in T cells during CNS autoimmune disease and determine its potential therapeutic value. Myelin-activated CD4 T cells upregulated expression of autotaxin in vitro, and ex vivo analysis of CNS-infiltrating CD4 T cells showed significantly higher autotaxin expression compared with cells from healthy mice. In addition, inhibiting autotaxin in myelin-specific T cells reduced their encephalitogenicity in adoptive transfer studies and decreased in vitro cell motility. Importantly, using two mouse models of MS, treatment with an autotaxin inhibitor ameliorated EAE severity, decreased the number of CNS infiltrating T and B cells, and suppressed relapses, suggesting autotaxin may be a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora L. Petersen-Cherubini
- The Ohio State University – Neuroscience Graduate Program
- The Ohio State University – Wexner Medical Center – Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity
| | - Shawn P. Murphy
- The Ohio State University – Wexner Medical Center – Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity
| | - Matthew Xin
- The Ohio State University – Wexner Medical Center – Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity
| | - Yue Liu
- The Ohio State University – Wexner Medical Center – Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity
| | - Joshua L. Deffenbaugh
- The Ohio State University – Wexner Medical Center – Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity
| | - Ishrat Jahan
- The Ohio State University – Wexner Medical Center – Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity
| | - Christina N. Rau
- The Ohio State University – Wexner Medical Center – Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity
| | - Yuhong Yang
- The Ohio State University – Wexner Medical Center – Department of Neurology
| | - Amy E. Lovett-Racke
- The Ohio State University – Wexner Medical Center – Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity
- The Ohio State University – Wexner Medical Center – Department of Neuroscience
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Zheng L, Li M, Wei J, Chen S, Xue C, Duan Y, Tang F, Li G, Xiong W, She K, Deng H, Zhou M. NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 is a potential pan-cancer prognostic biomarker and is related to immunity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292212. [PMID: 37769000 PMCID: PMC10538670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSUN2), an important methyltransferase of m5C, has been poorly studied in cancers, and the relationship between NSUN2 and immunity remains largely unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the expression and prognostic value of NSUN2 and the role of NSUN2 in immunity in cancers. METHODS The TIMER, CPTAC and other databases were used to analyze the expression of NSUN2, its correlation with clinical stage and its prognostic value across cancers. Moreover, the TISIDB, TIMER2.0 and Sangerbox platform were used to depict the relationships between NSUN2 and immune molecular subtypes, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), immune checkpoints (ICPs) and immunoregulatory genes. Furthermore, the NSUN2-interacting proteins and related genes as well as the coexpression networks of NSUN2 in LIHC, LUAD and HNSC were explored with the STRING, DAVID, GEPIA2 and LinkedOmics databases. Finally, the subcellular location and function of NSUN2 in HepG2, A549 and 5-8F cells were investigated by performing immunofluorescence, CCK-8 and wound healing assays. RESULTS Overall, NSUN2 was highly expressed and related to a poor prognosis in most types of cancers and was also significantly associated with immune molecular subtypes in some cancer types. Furthermore, NSUN2 was significantly associated with the levels of ICPs and immunoregulatory genes. In addition, NSUN2 was found to be involved in a series of immune-related biological processes, such as the humoral immune response in LIHC and LUAD and T-cell activation and B-cell activation in HNSC. Immunofluorescence and CCK-8 assays also confirmed that NSUN2 was widely expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and overexpression of NSUN2 promoted the proliferation and migration of HepG2, A549 and 5-8F cells. NSUN2 was also confirmed to positively regulate the expression of PD-L1. CONCLUSION NSUN2 serves as a pan-cancer prognostic biomarker and is correlated with the immune infiltration of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemei Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengna Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianxia Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shipeng Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changning Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yumei Duan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Faqing Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kelin She
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyu Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Gong W, Tian Y, Li L. T cells in abdominal aortic aneurysm: immunomodulation and clinical application. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240132. [PMID: 37662948 PMCID: PMC10471798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) dysfunction. The inflammatory cells involved in AAA mainly include immune cells including macrophages, neutrophils, T-lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and endothelial cells. As the blood vessel wall expands, more and more lymphocytes infiltrate into the outer membrane. It was found that more than 50% of lymphocytes in AAA tissues were CD3+ T cells, including CD4+, CD8+T cells, γδ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Due to the important role of T cells in inflammatory response, an increasing number of researchers have paid attention to the role of T cells in AAA and dug into the relevant mechanism. Therefore, this paper focuses on reviewing the immunoregulatory role of T cells in AAA and their role in immunotherapy, seeking potential targets for immunotherapy and putting forward future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Chen ZB, He M, Li JYS, Shyy JYJ, Chien S. Epitranscriptional Regulation: From the Perspectives of Cardiovascular Bioengineering. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:157-184. [PMID: 36913673 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-081922-021233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The central dogma of gene expression involves DNA transcription to RNA and RNA translation into protein. As key intermediaries and modifiers, RNAs undergo various forms of modifications such as methylation, pseudouridylation, deamination, and hydroxylation. These modifications, termed epitranscriptional regulations, lead to functional changes in RNAs. Recent studies have demonstrated crucial roles for RNA modifications in gene translation, DNA damage response, and cell fate regulation. Epitranscriptional modifications play an essential role in development, mechanosensing, atherogenesis, and regeneration in the cardiovascular (CV) system, and their elucidation is critically important to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying CV physiology and pathophysiology. This review aims at providing biomedical engineers with an overview of the epitranscriptome landscape, related key concepts, recent findings in epitranscriptional regulations, and tools for epitranscriptome analysis. The potential applications of this important field in biomedical engineering research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ming He
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Julie Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
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Magkrioti C, Kaffe E, Aidinis V. The Role of Autotaxin and LPA Signaling in Embryonic Development, Pathophysiology and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098325. [PMID: 37176032 PMCID: PMC10179533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) or Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2) is a secreted enzyme with lysophospholipase D activity, with its primary function being the extracellular hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Magkrioti
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleanna Kaffe
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece
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Tian Y, Fu S, Zhang N, Zhang H, Li L. The abdominal aortic aneurysm-related disease model based on machine learning predicts immunity and m1A/m5C/m6A/m7G epigenetic regulation. Front Genet 2023; 14:1131957. [PMID: 36911406 PMCID: PMC9995589 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1131957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are among the most lethal non-cancerous diseases. A comprehensive analysis of the AAA-related disease model has yet to be conducted. Methods: Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed for the AAA-related genes. Machine learning random forest and LASSO regression analysis were performed to develop the AAA-related score. Immune characteristics and epigenetic characteristics of the AAA-related score were explored. Results: Our study developed a reliable AAA-related disease model for predicting immunity and m1A/m5C/m6A/m7G epigenetic regulation. Discussion: The pathogenic roles of four model genes, UBE2K, TMEM230, VAMP7, and PUM2, in AAA, need further validation by in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shengjie Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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10
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Chen C, Chen LY, Zhang JX, Xu HG. 5-Methylcytosine (m5C) Modification Patterns and Tumor Immune Infiltration Characteristics in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Curr Oncol 2022; 30:559-574. [PMID: 36661693 PMCID: PMC9857358 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, studies have revealed the prognostic value of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the role of m5C methylation in ccRCC immune infiltration and the immunotherapeutic response remains unknown. Based on the mRNA expressions of 14 m5C regulators, we evaluated the m5C modification patterns of 530 tumor samples from the TCGA-ccRCC database. We used the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm to construct individual patient m5Cscores to facilitate individual analysis of m5C modification patterns in ccRCC patients. We finally defined three different m5C modification patterns. Different clinical features and immune heterogeneity existed among the three patterns, and their immune infiltration characteristics could correspond to different immune phenotypes, including the immune-inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert phenotype. We designed the m5Cscore calculated by the PCA algorithm to measure individual patients' m5C modification patterns. The low m5Cscore group presented with a positive prognosis, increased TMB, and immune activation. Additionally, low m5Cscore patients showed an increased response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We further the value of the m5Cscore in predicting OS verified in four other tumor cohorts. Our findings revealed that m5C methylation modifications are essential in regulating ccRCC immune infiltration. Assessing single ccRCC patients' m5C modification patterns can fully improve our comprehension of tumor immune characteristics and be used to provide effective personalized immunotherapy strategies for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie-Xin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hua-Guo Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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11
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Lu S, White JV, Nwaneshiudu I, Nwaneshiudu A, Monos DS, Solomides CC, Oleszak EL, Platsoucas CD. Human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): Evidence for an autoimmune antigen-driven disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022; 21:103164. [PMID: 35926768 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurism (AAA) is a complex immunological disease with a strong genetic component, and one of the ten leading causes of death of individuals 55-74 years old worldwide. Strong evidence has been accumulated suggesting that AAA is an autoimmune specific antigen-driven disease. Mononuclear cells infiltrating AAA lesions comprised of T and B lymphocytes and other cells expressing early-, intermediate- and late-activation antigens, and the presence of antigen-presenting cells have been documented, demonstrating an ongoing immune response. The three components of the trimolecular complex, T-cell receptor (TCR)/peptide (antigen)/HLA have been identified in AAA, and specifically: (i) clonal expansions of T-cell clones in AAA lesions; (ii) the association of AAA with particular HLA Class I and Class II; and (iii) self or nonself putative AAA-associated antigens. IgG autoantibodies recognizing proteins present in normal aortic tissue have been reported in patients with AAA. Molecular mimicry, defined as the sharing of antigenic epitopes between microorganisms (bacteria, viruses) and self antigens, maybe is responsible for T-cell responses and antibody production in AAA. Also, the frequency and the suppressor activity of CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3+ Tregs and the expression of FOXP3 transcripts and protein have been reported to be significantly impaired in AAA patients vs normal donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lu
- Mon Health Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John V White
- Department of Surgery, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital & University of Illinois School of Medicine, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - Ifeyinwa Nwaneshiudu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adaobi Nwaneshiudu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cutis Wellness Dermatology and Dermatopathology PLLC, Laredo, TX, USA
| | - Dimitri S Monos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charalambos C Solomides
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emilia L Oleszak
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Chris D Platsoucas
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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12
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Li Z, Cong X, Kong W. Matricellular proteins: Potential biomarkers and mechanistic factors in aortic aneurysms. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 169:41-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Wei S, Yuan X, Li D, Guo X, Guan S, Xu Y. Homocysteine Levels Are Associated With the Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysms. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:945537. [PMID: 35911998 PMCID: PMC9330164 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.945537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Homocysteine (Hcy) levels may be associated with the development of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). However, whether it increases the risk of rupture of IAs is unknown. This study aimed to determine the association between homocysteine levels and IA rupture. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with IAs and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) at our hospital between January 2019 and May 2021. Clinical data, including Hcy levels and IA images, were assessed. The association between Hcy level and IA rupture was investigated using multivariate logistic regression analyses in patients with IAs and SAH. Results A total of 589 patients were included. 546 patients with IAs, including 331 UIA (Unruptured IA) and 215 RIA (Ruptured IA). The average age was 57.43 ± 10.86 years old, and 67.03% were women. Among them, all 215 RIAs lead to SAH. In addition, we also enrolled 43 non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (Na-SAH) patients. The average age was 54.12 ± 10.55 years old, and 53.48% were female. After adjusting for confounders in the multivariate model, Hcy levels were correlated with the rupture of IA (odds ratio [OR] 1.069; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.025–1.114, p = 0.002) and a-SAH (OR 1.083; 95% CI 1.002–1.170, p = 0.046). Conclusion Hcy levels were associated with IA rupture. These findings provide novel insights into IAs rupture, and future studies are needed to confirm this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wei
- Department of Neurointervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University at Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University at Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Neurointervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University at Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinbin Guo
- Department of Neurointervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University at Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sheng Guan
- Department of Neurointervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University at Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng Guan,
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University at Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Yuming Xu,
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14
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Dang G, Li T, Yang D, Yang G, Du X, Yang J, Miao Y, Han L, Ma X, Song Y, Liu B, Li X, Wang X, Feng J. T lymphocyte-derived extracellular vesicles aggravate abdominal aortic aneurysm by promoting macrophage lipid peroxidation and migration via pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2. Redox Biol 2022; 50:102257. [PMID: 35149342 PMCID: PMC8842084 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
T lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration in the aortic wall is critical for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, how T lymphocytes interact with macrophages in the pathogenesis of AAA remains largely uncharacterized. In an elastase-induced murine AAA model, we first found that the expression of pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2 (PKM2), the last rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, was increased in infiltrated T lymphocytes of vascular lesions. T lymphocyte-specific PKM2 deficiency in mice (LckCrePKM2fl/fl) or intraperitoneal administration of the sphingomyelinase inhibitor GW4869 caused a significant attenuation of the elastase-increased aortic diameter, AAA incidence, elastic fiber disruption, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression, and macrophage infiltration in the vascular adventitia compared with those in PKM2fl/fl mice. Mechanistically, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from PKM2-activated T lymphocytes elevated macrophage iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and migration in vitro, while macrophages treated with EVs from PKM2-null T lymphocytes or pretreated with the lipid peroxidation inhibitors ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1), or the iron chelating agent deferoxamine mesylate (DFOM) reversed these effects. In vascular lesions of elastase-induced LckCrePKM2fl/fl mice with AAA, the oxidant system weakened, with downregulated 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) levels and strengthened antioxidant defense systems with upregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11) expressions in macrophages. High-throughput metabolomics showed that EVs derived from PKM2-activated T lymphocytes contained increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids, which may provide abundant substrates for lipid peroxidation in target macrophages. More importantly, upregulated T lymphocyte PKM2 expression was also found in clinical AAA subjects, and EVs isolated from AAA patient plasma enhanced macrophage iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and migration ex vivo. Therefore, from cell-cell crosstalk and metabolic perspectives, the present study shows that PKM2-activated T lymphocyte-derived EVs may drive AAA progression by promoting macrophage redox imbalance and migration, and targeting the T lymphocyte-EV-macrophage axis may be a potential strategy for early warning and treating AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Dang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianrun Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, North Garden Road 49, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dongmin Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guangxin Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, North Garden Road 49, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xing Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yutong Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lulu Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuwei Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, North Garden Road 49, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, North Garden Road 49, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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15
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The binding of autotaxin to integrins mediates hyperhomocysteinemia-potentiated platelet activation and thrombosis in mice and humans. Blood Adv 2022; 6:46-61. [PMID: 34559203 PMCID: PMC8753216 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hcy increases integrin αIIbβ3 activation by promoting phospholipid hydrolysis and ATX interaction in platelets. Targeting ATX-mediated integrin αIIbβ3 activation alleviates HHcy-potentiated thrombosis.
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with an exaggerated platelet thrombotic response at sites of vascular injury. In this study, human medical examination showed that elevated human plasma Hcy levels correlated positively with enhanced blood coagulation and platelet activity, suggesting that humans with HHcy are more prone to thrombus formation at the sites of vascular injury. Accordingly, we observed accelerated platelet activation, primary hemostasis, and thrombus formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice with acute or chronic HHcy. Upon homocysteine (Hcy) administration in C57BL/6J mice, platelet aggregation, spreading and clot retraction were markedly induced. More important, Hcy increased the affinity of platelet integrin αIIbβ3 with ligands and enhanced integrin outside-in signaling by promoting membrane phosphatidylserine exposure in vitro. Mechanistically, lipidomics analysis showed that lysophosphatidylcholines were the primary metabolites leading to clustering of HHcy-stimulated platelets. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activity and autotaxin (ATX, a secreted lysophospholipase D) secretion were upregulated by Hcy, leading to membrane phospholipid hydrolysis and PS exposure. Moreover, secreted ATX directly interacted with integrin β3. Inhibitors of cPLA2 and ATX activity blocked integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling and thrombosis in HHcy ApoE−/− mice. In this study, we identified a novel mechanism by which HHcy promotes platelet membrane phospholipid catabolism and extracellular ATX secretion to activate integrin outside-in signaling, consequently exacerbating thrombosis and the results revealed an innovative approach to treating HHcy-related thrombotic diseases.
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