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Ahmad M, Haffner-Luntzer M, Schoppa A, Najafova Z, Lukic T, Yorgan TA, Amling M, Schinke T, Ignatius A. Mechanical induction of osteoanabolic Wnt1 promotes osteoblast differentiation via Plat. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23489. [PMID: 38407813 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301424rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity-induced mechanical stimuli play a crucial role in preserving bone mass and structure by promoting bone formation. While the Wnt pathway is pivotal for mediating the osteoblast response to loading, the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we found that mechanical stimulation induces osteoblastic Wnt1 expression, resulting in an upregulation of key osteogenic marker genes, including Runx2 and Sp7, while Wnt1 knockdown using siRNA prevented these effects. RNAseq analysis identified Plat as a major target through which Wnt1 exerts its osteogenic influence. This was corroborated by Plat depletion using siRNA, confirming its positive role in osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, we demonstrated that mechanical stimulation enhances Plat expression, which, in turn leads to increased expression of osteogenic markers like Runx2 and Sp7. Notably, Plat depletion by siRNA prevented this effect. We have established that Wnt1 regulates Plat expression by activating β-Catenin. Silencing Wnt1 impairs mechanically induced β-Catenin activation, subsequently reducing Plat expression. Furthermore, our findings showed that Wnt1 is essential for osteoblasts to respond to mechanical stimulation and induce Runx2 and Sp7 expression, in part through the Wnt1/β-Catenin/Plat signaling pathway. Additionally, we observed significantly reduced Wnt1 and Plat expression in bones from ovariectomy (OVX)-induced and age-related osteoporotic mouse models compared with non-OVX and young mice, respectively. Overall, our data suggested that Wnt1 and Plat play significant roles in mechanically induced osteogenesis. Their decreased expression in bones from OVX and aged mice highlights their potential involvement in post-menopausal and age-related osteoporosis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Ahmad
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid Schoppa
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Teodora Lukic
- Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Timur Alexander Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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He Y, Tacconi C, Dieterich LC, Kim J, Restivo G, Gousopoulos E, Lindenblatt N, Levesque MP, Claassen M, Detmar M. Novel Blood Vascular Endothelial Subtype-Specific Markers in Human Skin Unearthed by Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071111. [PMID: 35406678 PMCID: PMC8997372 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ample evidence pinpoints the phenotypic diversity of blood vessels (BVs) and site-specific functions of their lining endothelial cells (ECs). We harnessed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to dissect the molecular heterogeneity of blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs) in healthy adult human skin and identified six different subpopulations, signifying arterioles, post-arterial capillaries, pre-venular capillaries, post-capillary venules, venules and collecting venules. Individual BEC subtypes exhibited distinctive transcriptomic landscapes associated with diverse biological pathways. These functionally distinct dermal BV segments were characterized by their unique compositions of conventional and novel markers (e.g., arteriole marker GJA5; arteriole capillary markers ASS1 and S100A4; pre-venular capillary markers SOX17 and PLAUR; venular markers EGR2 and LRG1), many of which have been implicated in vascular remodeling upon inflammatory responses. Immunofluorescence staining of human skin sections and whole-mount skin blocks confirmed the discrete expression of these markers along the blood vascular tree in situ, further corroborating BEC heterogeneity in human skin. Overall, our study molecularly refines individual BV compartments, whilst the identification of novel subtype-specific signatures provides more insights for future studies dissecting the responses of distinct vessel segments under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (Y.H.); (C.T.); (L.C.D.); (J.K.)
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (Y.H.); (C.T.); (L.C.D.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lothar C. Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (Y.H.); (C.T.); (L.C.D.); (J.K.)
| | - Jihye Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (Y.H.); (C.T.); (L.C.D.); (J.K.)
| | - Gaetana Restivo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (G.R.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Epameinondas Gousopoulos
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (E.G.); (N.L.)
| | - Nicole Lindenblatt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (E.G.); (N.L.)
| | - Mitchell P. Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (G.R.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Manfred Claassen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (Y.H.); (C.T.); (L.C.D.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Kumar VS, Anjali K. Tumour generated exosomal miRNAs: A major player in tumour angiogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ismail AA, Shaker BT, Bajou K. The Plasminogen-Activator Plasmin System in Physiological and Pathophysiological Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010337. [PMID: 35008762 PMCID: PMC8745544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process associated with the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells (EC) to form new blood vessels. It is involved in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions and is controlled by a wide range of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic molecules. The plasminogen activator–plasmin system plays a major role in the extracellular matrix remodeling process necessary for angiogenesis. Urokinase/tissue-type plasminogen activators (uPA/tPA) convert plasminogen into the active enzyme plasmin, which in turn activates matrix metalloproteinases and degrades the extracellular matrix releasing growth factors and proangiogenic molecules such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A). The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the main inhibitor of uPA and tPA, thereby an inhibitor of pericellular proteolysis and intravascular fibrinolysis, respectively. Paradoxically, PAI-1, which is expressed by EC during angiogenesis, is elevated in several cancers and is found to promote angiogenesis by regulating plasmin-mediated proteolysis and by promoting cellular migration through vitronectin. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) also induces EC cellular migration during angiogenesis via interacting with signaling partners. Understanding the molecular functions of the plasminogen activator plasmin system and targeting angiogenesis via blocking serine proteases or their interactions with other molecules is one of the major therapeutic strategies scientists have been attracted to in controlling tumor growth and other pathological conditions characterized by neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Anwar Ismail
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.I.); (B.T.S.)
- Human Genetics & Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Baraah Tariq Shaker
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.I.); (B.T.S.)
- Human Genetics & Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid Bajou
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.I.); (B.T.S.)
- Human Genetics & Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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Campion O, Thevenard Devy J, Billottet C, Schneider C, Etique N, Dupuy JW, Raymond AA, Boulagnon Rombi C, Meunier M, Djermoune EH, Lelièvre E, Wahart A, Bour C, Hachet C, Cairo S, Bikfalvi A, Dedieu S, Devy J. LRP-1 Matricellular Receptor Involvement in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Tumor Angiogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101430. [PMID: 34680548 PMCID: PMC8533426 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: LRP-1 is a multifunctional scavenger receptor belonging to the LDLR family. Due to its capacity to control pericellular levels of various growth factors and proteases, LRP-1 plays a crucial role in membrane proteome dynamics, which appears decisive for tumor progression. Methods: LRP-1 involvement in a TNBC model was assessed using an RNA interference strategy in MDA-MB-231 cells. In vivo, tumorigenic and angiogenic effects of LRP-1-repressed cells were evaluated using an orthotopic xenograft model and two angiogenic assays (Matrigel® plugs, CAM). DCE-MRI, FMT, and IHC were used to complete a tumor longitudinal follow-up and obtain morphological and functional vascular information. In vitro, HUVECs’ angiogenic potential was evaluated using a tumor secretome, subjected to a proteomic analysis to highlight LRP-1-dependant signaling pathways. Results: LRP-1 repression in MDA-MB-231 tumors led to a 60% growth delay because of, inter alia, morphological and functional vascular differences, confirmed by angiogenic models. In vitro, the LRP-1-repressed cells secretome restrained HUVECs’ angiogenic capabilities. A proteomics analysis revealed that LRP-1 supports tumor growth and angiogenesis by regulating TGF-β signaling and plasminogen/plasmin system. Conclusions: LRP-1, by its wide spectrum of interactions, emerges as an important matricellular player in the control of cancer-signaling events such as angiogenesis, by supporting tumor vascular morphology and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Campion
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Jessica Thevenard Devy
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Clotilde Billottet
- INSERM, LAMC, U1029, Université de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France; (C.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Christophe Schneider
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Nicolas Etique
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | | | | | - Camille Boulagnon Rombi
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
- Laboratoire d’Anatomie Pathologie, CHU Reims, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Marie Meunier
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | | | - Elodie Lelièvre
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Amandine Wahart
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Camille Bour
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Cathy Hachet
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | | | - Andréas Bikfalvi
- INSERM, LAMC, U1029, Université de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France; (C.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Stéphane Dedieu
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Jérôme Devy
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
- Correspondence:
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Fang J, Chopp M, Xin H, Zhang L, Wang F, Golembieski W, Zhang ZG, He L, Liu Z. Plasminogen deficiency causes reduced angiogenesis and behavioral recovery after stroke in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2583-2592. [PMID: 33853408 PMCID: PMC8504962 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211007958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasminogen is involved in the process of angiogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we investigated the potential contribution of plasmin/plasminogen in mediating angiogenesis and thereby contributing to functional recovery post-stroke. Wild-type plasminogen naive (Plg+/+) mice and plasminogen knockout (Plg-/-) mice were subjected to unilateral permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Blood vessels were labeled with FITC-dextran. Functional outcomes, and cerebral vessel density were compared between Plg+/+ and Plg-/- mice at different time points after stroke. We found that Plg-/- mice exhibited significantly reduced functional recovery, associated with significantly decreased vessel density in the peri-infarct area in the ipsilesional cortex compared with Plg+/+ mice. In vitro, cerebral endothelial cells harvested from Plg-/- mice exhibited significantly reduced angiogenesis assessed using tube formation assay, and migration, as evaluated using Scratch assays, compared to endothelial cells harvested from Plg+/+ mice. In addition, using Western blots, expression of thrombospondin (TSP)-1 and TSP-2 were increased after MCAo in the Plg-/- group compared to Plg+/+ mice, especially in the ipsilesional side of brain. Taken together, our data suggest that plasmin/plasminogen down-regulates the expression level of TSP-1 and TSP-2, and thereby promotes angiogenesis in the peri-ischemic brain tissue, which contributes to functional recovery after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Fang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Hongqi Xin
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fengjie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Li He
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhongwu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Teng F, Zhang J, Chen Y, Shen X, Su C, Guo Y, Wang P, Shi C, Lei M, Cao Y, Liu S. LncRNA NKX2-1-AS1 promotes tumor progression and angiogenesis via upregulation of SERPINE1 expression and activation of the VEGFR-2 signaling pathway in gastric cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1234-1255. [PMID: 33512745 PMCID: PMC8024734 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can compete with endogenous RNAs to modulate the gene expression and contribute to oncogenesis and tumor metastasis. lncRNA NKX2-1-AS1 (NKX2-1 antisense RNA 1) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression and metastasis; however, the contribution of aberrant expression of NKX2-1-AS1 and the mechanism by which it functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in gastric cancer (GC) remains elusive. NKX2-1-AS1 expression was detected in paired tumor and nontumor tissues of 178 GC patients by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Using loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments, the biological functions of NKX2-1-AS1 were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Further, to assess that NKX2-1-AS1 regulates angiogenic processes, tube formation and co-culture assays were performed. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, quantitative PCR, Western blot, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were performed to determine the potential molecular mechanism underlying this ceRNA. The results indicated that NKX2-1-AS1 expression was upregulated in GC cell lines and tumor tissues. Overexpression of NKX2-1-AS1 was significantly associated with tumor progression and enhanced angiogenesis. Functionally, NKX2-1-AS1 overexpression promoted GC cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis, while NKX2-1-AS1 knockdown restored these effects, both in vitro and in vivo. RIP and dual-luciferase assays revealed that the microRNA miR-145-5p is a direct target of NKX2-1-AS1 and that NKX2-1-AS1 serves as a ceRNA to sponge miRNA and regulate angiogenesis in GC. Moreover, serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1) is an explicit target for miR-145-5p; besides, the NKX2-1-AS1/miR-145-5p axis induces the translation of SERPINE1, thus activating the VEGFR-2 signaling pathway to promote tumor progression and angiogenesis. NKX2-1-AS1 overexpression is associated with enhanced tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and poor prognosis in GC. Collectively, NKX2-1-AS1 functions as a ceRNA to miR-145-5p and promotes tumor progression and angiogenesis by activating the VEGFR-2 signaling pathway via SERPINE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Teng
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Fudan‐Minhang Academic Health SystemMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ju‐Xiang Zhang
- Shanghai Med‐X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and TechnologySchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Fudan‐Minhang Academic Health SystemMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao‐Dong Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Fudan‐Minhang Academic Health SystemMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Fudan‐Minhang Academic Health SystemMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yan‐Jiao Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Fudan‐Minhang Academic Health SystemMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Pu‐Hua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Fudan‐Minhang Academic Health SystemMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chen‐cheng Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Fudan‐Minhang Academic Health SystemMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Fudan‐Minhang Academic Health SystemMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐Ou Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Fudan‐Minhang Academic Health SystemMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shao‐Qun Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Fudan‐Minhang Academic Health SystemMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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8
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Suarez-Lopez L, Kong YW, Sriram G, Patterson JC, Rosenberg S, Morandell S, Haigis KM, Yaffe MB. MAPKAP Kinase-2 Drives Expression of Angiogenic Factors by Tumor-Associated Macrophages in a Model of Inflammation-Induced Colon Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 11:607891. [PMID: 33708191 PMCID: PMC7940202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation increases the risk for colorectal cancer through a variety of mechanisms involving the tumor microenvironment. MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2), a major effector of the p38 MAPK stress and DNA damage response signaling pathway, and a critical regulator of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, has been identified as a key contributor to colon tumorigenesis under conditions of chronic inflammation. We have previously described how genetic inactivation of MK2 in an inflammatory model of colon cancer results in delayed tumor progression, decreased tumor angiogenesis, and impaired macrophage differentiation into a pro-tumorigenic M2-like state. The molecular mechanism responsible for the impaired angiogenesis and tumor progression, however, has remained contentious and poorly defined. Here, using RNA expression analysis, assays of angiogenesis factors, genetic models, in vivo macrophage depletion and reconstitution of macrophage MK2 function using adoptive cell transfer, we demonstrate that MK2 activity in macrophages is necessary and sufficient for tumor angiogenesis during inflammation-induced cancer progression. We identify a critical and previously unappreciated role for MK2-dependent regulation of the well-known pro-angiogenesis factor CXCL-12/SDF-1 secreted by tumor associated-macrophages, in addition to MK2-dependent regulation of Serpin-E1/PAI-1 by several cell types within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Suarez-Lopez
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research and Departments of Biological Engineering and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yi Wen Kong
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research and Departments of Biological Engineering and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ganapathy Sriram
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research and Departments of Biological Engineering and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jesse C. Patterson
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research and Departments of Biological Engineering and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Samantha Rosenberg
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research and Departments of Biological Engineering and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sandra Morandell
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research and Departments of Biological Engineering and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kevin M. Haigis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research and Departments of Biological Engineering and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Divisions of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, and Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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Gürpınar T, Kosova F, Kurt FO, Cambaz SU, Yücel AT, Umur N, Tuğlu MI. Effect of geldanamycin on the expression of the matrix molecules and angiogenetic factors in a gastric cancer cell line. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:111-116. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1772507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gürpınar
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - F. Kosova
- Department of Biology, School of Vocational Health Service, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - F. O. Kurt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - S. U. Cambaz
- Department of Midwifery, Health Science Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - A. T. Yücel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Vocational Health Service, ManisaCelal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - N. Umur
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Vocational Health Service, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - M. I. Tuğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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10
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Ocaña MC, Martínez-Poveda B, Marí-Beffa M, Quesada AR, Medina MÁ. Fasentin diminishes endothelial cell proliferation, differentiation and invasion in a glucose metabolism-independent manner. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6132. [PMID: 32273578 PMCID: PMC7145862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic compound fasentin has been described as a modulator of GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 transporters, thus inhibiting glucose uptake in some cancer cells. Endothelial glucose metabolism has been recently connected to angiogenesis and it is now an emerging topic in scientific research. Indeed, certain compounds with a known effect on glucose metabolism have also been shown to inhibit angiogenesis. In this work we tested the capability of fasentin to modulate angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We show that fasentin inhibited tube formation in endothelial cells by a mechanism that involves a negative effect on endothelial cell proliferation and invasion, without affecting other steps related to the angiogenic process. However, fasentin barely decreased glucose uptake in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and the GLUT-1 inhibitor STF-31 failed to inhibit tube formation in these cells. Therefore, this modulatory capacity on endothelial cells function exerted by fasentin is most likely independent of a modulation of glucose metabolism. Taken together, our results show a novel biological activity of fasentin, which could be evaluated for its utility in cancer and other angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mª Carmen Ocaña
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Marí-Beffa
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana R Quesada
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071, Málaga, Spain.
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071, Málaga, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071, Málaga, Spain.
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11
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Truncation of Huia versabilis Bowman-Birk inhibitor increases its selectivity, matriptase-1 inhibitory activity and proteolytic stability. Biochimie 2020; 171-172:178-186. [PMID: 32169666 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A gradual truncation of the primary structure of frog skin-derived Huia versabilis Bowman-Birk peptidic inhibitor (HV-BBI) resulted in 18-times stronger inhibitor of matriptase-1 (peptide 6, Ki = 8 nm) in comparison to the full-length HV-BBI (Ki = 155 nm). Analogous increase in the inhibitory activity in correlation with the peptide length reduction was not observed in case of other serine proteases, bovine trypsin (Ki = 151 nm for peptide 6 and Ki = 120 nm for HV-BBI) and plasmin (Ki = 120 nm for peptide 6 and 82 nm for HV-BBI). Weaker binding affinity to these enzymes emphasized an inhibitory specificity of peptide 6. Molecular dynamic analysis revealed that the observed variations in the binding affinity of peptide 6 and HV-BBI with matriptase-1 are associated with the entropic differences of the unbound peptides. Moreover, several aspects explaining differences in the inhibition of matriptase-1 by peptide 6 (bearing the C-terminal amide group) and its two analogues, peptide 6∗ (having the C-terminal carboxyl group, Ki = 473 nm) and cyclic peptide 6∗∗ (Ki = 533 nm), both exhibiting more than 50-fold reduced inhibitory potency, were discovered. It was also shown that peptide 6 presented significantly higher resistance to proteolytic degradation in human serum than HV-BBI. Additional investigations revealed that, in contrast to some amphibian-derived inhibitors, HV-BBI and its truncated analogues do not possess bactericidal activity, thus they cannot be considered as bifunctional agents.
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12
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Francipane MG, Bulanin D, Lagasse E. Establishment and Characterization of 5-Fluorouracil-Resistant Human Colorectal Cancer Stem-Like Cells: Tumor Dynamics under Selection Pressure. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081817. [PMID: 31013771 PMCID: PMC6515384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) remains the gold standard of first-line treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC). Although it may initially debulk the tumor mass, relapses frequently occur, indicating the existence of cancer cells that are therapy-resistant and are capable of refueling tumor growth. To identify mechanisms of drug resistance, CRC stem-like cells were subjected to long-term 5-FU selection using either intermittent treatment regimen with the IC50 drug dose or continuous treatment regimen with escalating drug doses. Parental cancer cells were cultivated in parallel. Real-time PCR arrays and bioinformatic tools were used to investigate gene expression changes. We found the first method selected for cancer cells with more aggressive features. We therefore transplanted these cancer cells or parental cells in mice, and again, found that not only did the 5-FU-selected cancer cells generate more aggressive tumors with respect to their parental counterpart, but they also showed a different gene expression pattern as compared to what we had observed in vitro, with ID1 the top upregulated gene. We propose ID1 as a stemness marker pervasively expressed in secondary lesions emerging after completion of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Francipane
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
- Ri.MED Foundation, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Denis Bulanin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Eric Lagasse
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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13
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Duan W, Zhang R, Zhao Y, Shen S, Wei Y, Chen F, Christiani DC. Bayesian variable selection for parametric survival model with applications to cancer omics data. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:49. [PMID: 30400837 PMCID: PMC6218990 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Modeling thousands of markers simultaneously has been of great interest in testing association between genetic biomarkers and disease or disease-related quantitative traits. Recently, an expectation-maximization (EM) approach to Bayesian variable selection (EMVS) facilitating the Bayesian computation was developed for continuous or binary outcome using a fast EM algorithm. However, it is not suitable to the analyses of time-to-event outcome in many public databases such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Results We extended the EMVS to high-dimensional parametric survival regression framework (SurvEMVS). A variant of cyclic coordinate descent (CCD) algorithm was used for efficient iteration in M-step, and the extended Bayesian information criteria (EBIC) was employed to make choice on hyperparameter tuning. We evaluated the performance of SurvEMVS using numeric simulations and illustrated the effectiveness on two real datasets. The results of numerical simulations and two real data analyses show the well performance of SurvEMVS in aspects of accuracy and computation. Some potential markers associated with survival of lung or stomach cancer were identified. Conclusions These results suggest that our model is effective and can cope with high-dimensional omics data. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-018-0179-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Duan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Joint Laboratory of Health and Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA), Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health / Harvard School of Public Health, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data of Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Joint Laboratory of Health and Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA), Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health / Harvard School of Public Health, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data of Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Joint Laboratory of Health and Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA), Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health / Harvard School of Public Health, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data of Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sipeng Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Joint Laboratory of Health and Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA), Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health / Harvard School of Public Health, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data of Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Joint Laboratory of Health and Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA), Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health / Harvard School of Public Health, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data of Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. .,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. .,Joint Laboratory of Health and Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA), Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health / Harvard School of Public Health, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data of Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - David C Christiani
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Joint Laboratory of Health and Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA), Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health / Harvard School of Public Health, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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14
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Boas SEM, Carvalho J, van den Broek M, Weijers EM, Goumans MJ, Koolwijk P, Merks RMH. A local uPAR-plasmin-TGFβ1 positive feedback loop in a qualitative computational model of angiogenic sprouting explains the in vitro effect of fibrinogen variants. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006239. [PMID: 29979675 PMCID: PMC6072121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In experimental assays of angiogenesis in three-dimensional fibrin matrices, a temporary scaffold formed during wound healing, the type and composition of fibrin impacts the level of sprouting. More sprouts form on high molecular weight (HMW) than on low molecular weight (LMW) fibrin. It is unclear what mechanisms regulate the number and the positions of the vascular-like structures in cell cultures. To address this question, we propose a mechanistic simulation model of endothelial cell migration and fibrin proteolysis by the plasmin system. The model is a hybrid, cell-based and continuum, computational model based on the cellular Potts model and sets of partial-differential equations. Based on the model results, we propose that a positive feedback mechanism between uPAR, plasmin and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) selects cells in the monolayer for matrix invasion. Invading cells releases TGFβ1 from the extracellular matrix through plasmin-mediated fibrin degradation. The activated TGFβ1 further stimulates fibrin degradation and keeps proteolysis active as the sprout invades the fibrin matrix. The binding capacity for TGFβ1 of LMW is reduced relative to that of HMW. This leads to reduced activation of proteolysis and, consequently, reduced cell ingrowth in LMW fibrin compared to HMW fibrin. Thus our model predicts that endothelial cells in LMW fibrin matrices compared to HMW matrices show reduced sprouting due to a lower bio-availability of TGFβ1. Therapies for a range of medical conditions, including cancer, wound healing and diabetic retinopathy can benefit from a better control over the growth of blood vessels. The chemical properties of fibrin, the material that forms scabs in wounds and can also occur in large concentrations in tumors, can regulate the degree of blood vessel growth (angiogenesis). Angiogenesis can be mimicked in cell cultures. These allow us to modulate the chemical properties of fibrin and study the effect on angiogenesis. Fibrin occurs in high molecular weight (HMW) and in low molecular weight (LMW) forms. Interestingly, there is more ingrowth of angiogenic-like structures into HMW than in LMW fibrin, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. To get more insight into these, we constructed a computational model. Using the model, we propose and analyse a hypothetical mechanism for sprouting that could explain the differences in endothelial cell sprouting in LMW and HMW fibrin matrices. Our model suggests that cells digest fibrin, thus creating space for ingrowth. At the same time, digestion frees growth factors bound to fibrin, that activates further secretion of digestive enzymes by the cells. We propose that the resulting positive feedback loop spontaneously selects cells in the endothelial monolayer for ingrowth and helps the blood vessel sprout move deeper into the fibrin. This could be a complementary mechanism to lateral-inhibition by Delta-Notch for the selection of leader cells, also called ‘tip cells’. Our model predicts that endothelial cells in LMW fibrin compared to HMW fibrin show reduced sprouting due to a lower bio-availability of TGFβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja E. M. Boas
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joao Carvalho
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marloes van den Broek
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University medical Center, Dept. of Physiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M. Weijers
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University medical Center, Dept. of Physiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University medical Center, Dept. of Physiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland M. H. Merks
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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15
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Cell surface protease activation during RAS transformation: Critical role of the plasminogen receptor, S100A10. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47720-47737. [PMID: 27351226 PMCID: PMC5216974 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between oncogenic RAS expression and the acquisition of the invasive phenotype has been attributed to alterations in cellular activities that control degradation of the extracellular matrix. Oncogenic RAS-mediated upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is critical for invasion through the basement membrane and extracellular matrix. The uPA converts cell surface-bound plasminogen to plasmin, a process that is regulated by the binding of plasminogen to specific receptors on the cell surface, however, the identity of the plasminogen receptors that function in this capacity is unclear. We have observed that transformation of cancer cells with oncogenic forms of RAS increases plasmin proteolytic activity by 2- to 4-fold concomitant with a 3-fold increase in cell invasion. Plasminogen receptor profiling revealed RAS-dependent increases in both S100A10 and cytokeratin 8. Oncogenic RAS expression increased S100A10 gene expression which resulted in an increase in S100A10 protein levels. Analysis with the RAS effector-loop mutants that interact specifically with Raf, Ral GDS pathways highlighted the importance of the RalGDS pathways in the regulation of S100A10 gene expression. Depletion of S100A10 from RAS-transformed cells resulted in a loss of both cellular plasmin generation and invasiveness. These results strongly suggest that increases in cell surface levels of S100A10, by oncogenic RAS, plays a critical role in RAS-stimulated plasmin generation, and subsequently, in the invasiveness of oncogenic RAS expressing cancer cells.
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16
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Jia Y, Wang N, Liu X. Resveratrol and Amyloid-Beta: Mechanistic Insights. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101122. [PMID: 29036903 PMCID: PMC5691738 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-beta (Aβ) hypothesis that dyshomeostasis between Aβ production and clearance is a very early, key molecular factor in the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been proposed and examined in the AD research field. Scientists have focused on seeking natural products or drugs to influence the dynamic equilibrium of Aβ, targeting production and clearance of Aβ. There is emerging evidence that resveratrol (Res), a naturally occurring polyphenol mainly found in grapes and red wine, acts on AD in numerous in vivo and in vitro models. Res decreases the amyloidogenic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), enhances clearance of amyloid beta-peptides, and reduces Aβ aggregation. Moreover, Res also protects neuronal functions through its antioxidant properties. This review discusses the action of Res on Aβ production, clearance and aggregation and multiple potential mechanisms, providing evidence of the useful of Res for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Jia
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China.
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China.
| | - Xuewei Liu
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China.
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17
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Bazzi ZA, Balun J, Cavallo-Medved D, Porter LA, Boffa MB. Activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor attenuates the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells: potential relevance to the breast tumour microenvironment. Clin Exp Metastasis 2017; 34:155-169. [PMID: 28124276 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-017-9837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is a basic carboxypeptidase zymogen present in blood plasma. Proteolytic activation of TAFI by thrombin, thrombin in complex with the endothelial cell cofactor thrombomodulin, or plasmin results in an enzyme (TAFIa) that removes carboxyl-terminal lysine residues from protein and peptide substrates, including cell-surface plasminogen receptors. TAFIa is therefore capable of inhibiting plasminogen activation in the pericellular milieu. Since plasminogen activation has been linked to angiogenesis, TAFIa could therefore have anti-angiogenic properties, and indeed TAFIa has been shown to inhibit endothelial tube formation in a fibrin matrix. In this study, the TAFI pathway was manipulated by providing exogenous TAFI or TAFIa or by adding a potent and specific inhibitor of TAFIa. We found that TAFIa elicited a series of anti-angiogenic responses by endothelial cells, including decreased endothelial cell proliferation, cell invasion, cell migration, tube formation, and collagen degradation. Moreover, TAFIa decreased tube formation and proteolysis in endothelial cell culture grown alone and in co-culture with breast cancer cell lines. In accordance with these findings, inhibition of TAFIa increased secretion of matrix metalloprotease proenzymes by endothelial and breast cancer cells. Finally, treatment of endothelial cells with TAFIa significantly inhibited plasminogen activation. Taken together our results suggest a novel role for TAFI in inhibiting tumour angiogenic behaviors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab A Bazzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Room 4245A Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N5B 3P7, Canada
| | - Jennifer Balun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Dora Cavallo-Medved
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa A Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Michael B Boffa
- Department of Biochemistry, Room 4245A Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N5B 3P7, Canada.
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18
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Overexpression of MMP-3 and uPA with Diminished PAI-1 Related to Metastasis in Ductal Breast Cancer Patients Attending a Public Hospital in Mexico City. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:8519648. [PMID: 27975070 PMCID: PMC5126427 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8519648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix metalloproteases and the fibrinolytic system are important protease systems interacting with each other in charge of remodeling and recycling of tissues. Their role in tumor invasion and metastasis is often discussed. In this study several metalloproteases such as MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 together with molecules from the fibrinolytic system like uPA, its receptor uPAR, and its inhibitor, PAI-1, were studied by immune-histochemistry to establish a comparison with and without metastasis. From the (118) primary tumors of Mexican patients with ductal breast cancer studied, 56% were grade II and 69% were size T2; the group with metastatic ganglia included 64 samples (54.3%). In patients with metastasis the estimated expression of MMP-3 and uPA (resp., 28% and 45%) was higher than that from no metastatic tumors; it means there is higher expression of both markers in metastatic tumors (p < 0.05). At the same time, metastatic tumors showed statistically significant lower signal of PAI-1 (24%) than tumors without metastasis (p < 0.05). We concluded that overexpression of MMP-3 and uPA, altogether with diminished expression of PAI-1 from metastatic tumors, might be a crucial step towards metastasis in ductal breast cancer. Nevertheless, additional studies in different populations are necessary to establish a pattern.
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19
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Yenilmez C, Ozdemir Koroglu Z, Kurt H, Yanas M, Colak E, Degirmenci I, Gunes HV. A study of the possible association of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 4G/5G insertion/deletion polymorphism with susceptibility to schizophrenia and in its subtypes. J Clin Pharm Ther 2016; 42:103-107. [PMID: 27796029 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Inhibition of the fibrinolytic system may occur at the level of plasminogen activation, mainly by PAI-1. Mental and physical stress caused to alterations of platelet function, and also decreased to fibrinolytic activity. Furthermore, stress-induced thrombosis regulation was proposed to be by PAI-1 in schizophrenia patients. In this study, the distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) gene 4G/5G polymorphism in different Turkish clinical schizophrenia subtypes was investigated for its role in schizophrenia development. METHODS The clinical schizophrenia subtypes include paranoid, catatonic, disorganized, undifferentiated and residual, as diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition IV (DSM-IV). Samples of genomic DNA (250 total, including 150 schizophrenia patients and 100 healthy subjects) were analysed. PAI-1 4G/5G genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-allele-specific amplification. PCR products were separated by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and then visualized. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The genotype distributions (P = 0·136) and allele frequencies (P = 0·721 for 4G, P = 0. 097 for 5G) were not significantly different between patients with schizophrenia and control subjects for the 4G/5G polymorphism. Similar results were also found for the genotype distributions (P = 0·640) and allele frequencies (P = 0·763 for 4G, P = 0·448 for 5G) in the clinical schizophrenia subtypes compared to the each other. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION We conclude that PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism was not significantly associated with schizophrenia or its subtypes in the Turkish population. However, we recognize that with our sample sizes, we cannot exclude weak associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yenilmez
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Z Ozdemir Koroglu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Vocational School of Health Services, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - H Kurt
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - M Yanas
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - E Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - I Degirmenci
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - H V Gunes
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Kurgan Ş, Önder C, Balcı N, Fentoğlu Ö, Eser F, Balseven M, Serdar MA, Tatakis DN, Günhan M. Gingival crevicular fluid tissue/blood vessel-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:574-581. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ş. Kurgan
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - C. Önder
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - N. Balcı
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul Medipol University; İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ö. Fentoğlu
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Süleyman Demirel University; Isparta Turkey
| | - F. Eser
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - M. Balseven
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Pamukkale University; Denizli Turkey
| | - M. A. Serdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; School of Medicine; Acıbadem University; Ankara Turkey
| | - D. N. Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology; College of Dentistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - M. Günhan
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
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Takayama Y, Hattori N, Hamada H, Masuda T, Omori K, Akita S, Iwamoto H, Fujitaka K, Kohno N. Inhibition of PAI-1 Limits Tumor Angiogenesis Regardless of Angiogenic Stimuli in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3285-94. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mathew JG, Clyne AM. Fibroblast growth factor-2 did not restore plasminogen system activity in endothelial cells on glycated collagen. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 4:104-110. [PMID: 29124193 PMCID: PMC5668917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
People with diabetes experience morbidity and mortality from unregulated microvascular remodeling, which may be linked to hyperglycemia. Elevated glucose leads to extracellular matrix collagen glycation, which delays endothelial capillary-like tube formation in vitro. Glucose also increases endothelial cell fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) release and extracellular matrix storage, which should increase tube formation. In this study, we determined if FGF-2 could restore plasminogen system activity and angiogenic function in endothelial cells on glycated collagen. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured on native or glycated collagen substrates were stimulated with FGF-2. Plasminogen system activity, cell migration, and capillary-like tube formation were measured, along with plasminogen system protein and mRNA levels. Glycated collagen decreased endothelial cell plasminogen system activity, cell migration, and tube length. FGF-2 did not restore plasminogen system activity or tube formation in cells on glycated collagen, despite decreasing plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) protein level. We now show that PAI-1 binds to glycated collagen, which may localize PAI-1 to the extracellular matrix. These data suggest that FGF-2 may not restore angiogenic functions in endothelial cells on glycated collagen due to PAI-1 bound to glycated collagen. Glycated collagen decreased endothelial plasminogen activity. FGF-2 increased plasminogen activity in cells on native but not glycated collagen. PAI-1 bound to glycated but not native collagen. FGF-2 decreased total PAI-1 but not PAI-1 bound to glycated collagen. PAI-1 binding to glycated collagen may be more important than total PAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin George Mathew
- Drexel University, Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Alisa Morss Clyne
- Drexel University, Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
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Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy N, Cvitic S, Tam-Amersdorfer C, Bilban M, Majali-Martinez A, Schramke K, Desoye G, Hiden U. Different Preference of Degradome in Invasion versus Angiogenesis. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 200:181-94. [PMID: 26068777 DOI: 10.1159/000381766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases are required for a multitude of cellular processes including homeostatic tissue remodelling, invasion and angiogenesis. The physiological function of a cell or tissue is reflected by the set of proteases expressed, also termed degradome. The role of proteases in invasion and angiogenesis has been studied intensively, mostly in cancer. We aimed to compare the set of proteases required for physiological invasion versus physiological angiogenesis from cells deriving from the same organ, and to identify the proteases specific for each process. The human placenta comprises trophoblasts that invade the maternal uterus in a regulated, physiological manner, and it is the source of primary endothelial cells. We isolated the trophoblasts and endothelial cells and verified their invasive phenotype and angiogenic properties, respectively. We then performed gene expression analysis of the degradome, e.g. cysteine, metallo, serine, threonine and aspartic proteases, identified the differentially expressed proteases among the trophoblasts and endothelial cells, and clustered them hierarchically. The results revealed that the set of proteases in trophoblasts versus in endothelial cells overlaps, with a total of 69% in common. Nevertheless, 42% of the studied degradomes differed, with a fold change ≥2. For instance, metalloproteinases were predominantly expressed in trophoblasts, and 31% of the proteases were exclusively expressed in either trophoblasts or endothelial cells; this suggests particular roles for these proteases in either invasion or angiogenesis. Our data identify common and distinct proteases in cells capable of performing invasion and angiogenesis, and may provide basic information for the design of techniques to specifically investigate invasion or angiogenesis.
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Csiszar A, Kutay B, Wirth S, Schmidt U, Macho-Maschler S, Schreiber M, Alacakaptan M, Vogel GF, Aumayr K, Huber LA, Beug H. Interleukin-like epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition inducer activity is controlled by proteolytic processing and plasminogen-urokinase plasminogen activator receptor system-regulated secretion during breast cancer progression. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:433. [PMID: 25212966 PMCID: PMC4303039 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interleukin-like epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition inducer (ILEI) is an essential cytokine in tumor progression that is upregulated in several cancers, and its altered subcellular localization is a predictor of poor survival in human breast cancer. However, the regulation of ILEI activity and the molecular meaning of its altered localization remain elusive. Methods The influence of serum withdrawal, broad-specificity protease inhibitors, different serine proteases and plasminogen depletion on the size and amount of the secreted ILEI protein was investigated by Western blot analysis of EpRas cells. Proteases with ILEI-processing capacity were identified by carrying out an in vitro cleavage assay. Murine mammary tumor and metastasis models of EpC40 and 4T1 cells overexpressing different mutant forms of ILEI were used—extended with in vivo aprotinin treatment for the inhibition of ILEI-processing proteases—to test the in vivo relevance of proteolytic cleavage. Stable knockdown of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in EpRas cells was performed to investigate the involvement of uPAR in ILEI secretion. The subcellular localization of the ILEI protein in tumor cell lines was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Immunohistochemistry for ILEI localization and uPAR expression was performed on two human breast cancer arrays, and ILEI and uPAR scores were correlated with the metastasis-free survival of patients. Results We demonstrate that secreted ILEI requires site-specific proteolytic maturation into its short form for its tumor-promoting function, which is executed by serine proteases, most efficiently by plasmin. Noncleaved ILEI is tethered to fibronectin-containing fibers of the extracellular matrix through a propeptide-dependent interaction. In addition to ILEI processing, plasmin rapidly increases ILEI secretion by mobilizing its intracellular protein pool in a uPAR-dependent manner. Elevated ILEI secretion correlates with an altered subcellular localization of the protein, most likely representing a shift into secretory vesicles. Moreover, altered subcellular ILEI localization strongly correlates with high tumor cell–associated uPAR protein expression, as well as with poor survival, in human breast cancer. Conclusions Our findings point out extracellular serine proteases, in particular plasmin, and uPAR as valuable therapeutic targets against ILEI-driven tumor progression and emphasize the prognostic relevance of ILEI localization and a combined ILEI-uPAR marker analysis in human breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0433-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Wyganowska-Świątkowska M, Surdacka A, Skrzypczak-Jankun E, Jankun J. The plasminogen activation system in periodontal tissue (Review). Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:763-8. [PMID: 24535478 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasminogen activation system (PAS) plays an essential role in tissue proteolysis in physiological and pathological processes. Periodontitis is a chronic infection associated with increased proteolysis driven by plasminogen activation. In this comprehensive review, we summarise the effects of PAS in wound healing, tissue remodelling, inflammation, bacterial infection, and in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Specifically, we discuss the role of plasminogen activators (PAs), including urokinase PA (uPA), tissue-type PA (tPA), PA inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and 2 (PAI-2) and activated plasminogen in periodontal tissue, where their concentrations can reach much higher values than those found in other parts of the body. We also discuss whether PA deficiencies can have effects on periodontal tissue. We conclude that in periodontal disease, PAS is unbalanced and equalizing its function can improve the clinical periodontal tissue condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-820, Poland
| | - Ewa Skrzypczak-Jankun
- Urology Research Center, Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jerzy Jankun
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Duggan C, Xiao L, Wang CY, McTiernan A. Effect of a 12-month exercise intervention on serum biomarkers of angiogenesis in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:648-57. [PMID: 24501378 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased physical activity is associated with decreased risk of several types of cancer, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Angiogenesis, in which new blood vessels are formed, is common to adipose tissue formation/remodeling and tumor vascularization. METHODS We examined effects of a 12-month 45 minutes/day, 5 days/week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention on four serum markers of angiogenesis in 173 sedentary, overweight, postmenopausal women, 50 to 75 years, randomized to intervention versus stretching control. Circulating levels of positive regulators of angiogenesis [VEGF, osteopontin (OPN), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)], and the negative regulator pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), were measured by immunoassay at baseline and 12 months. Changes were compared using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for baseline levels of analytes and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS VEGF, OPN, or PAI-1 levels did not differ by intervention arm. Participants randomized to exercise significantly reduced PEDF (-3.7%) versus controls (+3.0%; P = 0.009). Reductions in fat mass were significantly associated with reductions in PAI-1 (Ptrend = 0.03; Ptrend = 0.02) and PEDF (Ptrend = 0.002; Ptrend = 0.01) compared with controls, or to those who gained any fat mass respectively. There was a significant association between decreases in VO2max, and increased reductions in PEDF (Ptrend = 0.03), compared with participants who increased their level of fitness. CONCLUSIONS Fat loss reduces circulating PAI-1 and PEDF. Changes in VO2max are associated with alterations in PEDF, but these associations are complex. IMPACT Unexpected reductions in PEDF with decreasing fat mass, and with decreasing VO2max, warrant further study, including examining the effects of different types and intensities of exercise; and role of dietary weight-loss with and without exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Duggan
- Authors' Affiliation: Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Masuda T, Hattori N, Senoo T, Akita S, Ishikawa N, Fujitaka K, Haruta Y, Murai H, Kohno N. SK-216, an Inhibitor of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, Limits Tumor Progression and Angiogenesis. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2378-88. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cell surface remodeling by plasmin: a new function for an old enzyme. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:564259. [PMID: 23097597 PMCID: PMC3477900 DOI: 10.1155/2012/564259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmin, one of the most potent and reactive serine proteases, is involved in various physiological processes, including embryo development, thrombolysis, wound healing and cancer progression. The proteolytic activity of plasmin is tightly regulated through activation of its precursor, plasminogen, only at specific times and in defined locales as well as through inhibition of active plasmin by its abundant natural inhibitors. By exploiting the plasminogen activating system and overexpressing distinct components of the plasminogen activation cascade, such as pro-uPA, uPAR and plasminogen receptors, malignant cells can enhance the generation of plasmin which in turn, modifies the tumor microenvironment to sustain cancer progression. While plasmin-mediated degradation and modification of extracellular matrix proteins, release of growth factors and cytokines from the stroma as well as activation of several matrix metalloproteinase zymogens, all have been a focus of cancer research studies for decades, the ability of plasmin to cleave transmembrane molecules and thereby to generate functionally important cleaved products which induce outside-in signal transduction, has just begun to receive sufficient attention. Herein, we highlight this relatively understudied, but important function of the plasmin enzyme as it is generated de novo at the interface between cross-talking cancer and host cells.
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Shin EF, Vodolazhsky DI, Golikov AY, Belova TN, Boyko NV, Zimakov DV, Cherkasova EN, Kogan MI, Chibichian MB, Moshkovskii SA, Tarasov VA, Matishov DG. Separation and study of the range of plasminogen isoforms in patients with prostate cancer. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 77:1065-71. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912090143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Venkatraman L, Li H, Dewey CF, White JK, Bhowmick SS, Yu H, Tucker-Kellogg L. Steady states and dynamics of urokinase-mediated plasmin activation in silico and in vitro. Biophys J 2012; 101:1825-34. [PMID: 22004735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmin (PLS) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (UPA) are ubiquitous proteases that regulate the extracellular environment. Although they are secreted in inactive forms, they can activate each other through proteolytic cleavage. This mutual interplay creates the potential for complex dynamics, which we investigated using mathematical modeling and in vitro experiments. We constructed ordinary differential equations to model the conversion of precursor plasminogen into active PLS, and precursor urokinase (scUPA) into active urokinase (tcUPA). Although neither PLS nor UPA exhibits allosteric cooperativity, modeling showed that cooperativity occurred at the system level because of substrate competition. Computational simulations and bifurcation analysis predicted that the system would be bistable over a range of parameters for cooperativity and positive feedback. Cell-free experiments with recombinant proteins tested key predictions of the model. PLS activation in response to scUPA stimulus was found to be cooperative in vitro. Finally, bistability was demonstrated in vitro by the presence of two significantly different steady-state levels of PLS activation for the same levels of stimulus. We conclude that ultrasensitive, bistable activation of UPA-PLS is possible in the presence of substrate competition. An ultrasensitive threshold for activation of PLS and UPA would have ramifications for normal and disease processes, including angiogenesis, metastasis, wound healing, and fibrosis.
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van der Veer WM, Niessen FB, Ferreira JA, Zwiers PJ, de Jong EH, Middelkoop E, Molema G. Time course of the angiogenic response during normotrophic and hypertrophic scar formation in humans. Wound Repair Regen 2011; 19:292-301. [PMID: 21539647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2011.00692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that in hypertrophic scars (HSs), an excess of microvessels is present compared with normotrophic scars (NSs). The aim of our study was to quantify vascular densities in HSs and normotrophic scars and to provide an insight into the kinetics of changes in the expression of angiogenic factors in time during wound healing and HS formation. Human presternal wound healing after cardiothoracic surgery through a sternotomy incision was investigated in a standardized manner. Skin biopsies were collected at consecutive time points, i.e., during surgery and 2, 4, 6, 12, and 52 weeks postoperatively. The expression levels of angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, Tie-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator were measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Quantification of angiogenesis and cellular localization of the proteins of interest were based on immunohistochemical analysis. Microvessel densities were higher in the HSs compared with the normotrophic scars 12 weeks (p=0.017) and 52 weeks (p=0.030) postoperatively. Angiopoietin-1 expression was lower in the hypertrophic group (p<0.001), which, together with a nonsignificant increase of angiopoietin-2 expression, represented a considerable decrease in the angiopoietin-1/angiopoietin-2 ratio in the hypertrophic group 4 weeks (p=0.053), 12 weeks (p<0.001), and 52 weeks (p<0.001) postoperatively. The expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator was up-regulated during HS formation (p=0.008). Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was not significantly different when comparing both groups. In summary, the differential expression of angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator in time is associated with an increased vascular density in HSs compared with normotrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem M van der Veer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Magnetic purification of plasminogen from human plasma by specific lysine affinity. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 112:219-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of kahweol, a coffee diterpene. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23407. [PMID: 21858104 PMCID: PMC3153489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have shown that unfiltered coffee consumption is associated with a low incidence of cancer. This study aims to identify the effects of kahweol, an antioxidant diterpene contained in unfiltered coffee, on angiogenesis and key inflammatory molecules. Methodology/Principal Findings The experimental procedures included in vivo angiogenesis assays (both the chicken and quail choriallantoic membrane assay and the angiogenesis assay with fluorescent zebrafish), the ex vivo mouse aortic ring assay and the in vitro analysis of the effects of treatment of human endothelial cells with kahweol in cell growth, cell viability, cell migration and zymographic assays, as well as the tube formation assay on Matrigel. Additionally, two inflammation markers were determined, namely, the expression levels of cyclooxygenase 2 and the levels of secreted monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. We show for the first time that kahweol is an anti-angiogenic compound with inhibitory effects in two in vivo and one ex vivo angiogenesis models, with effects on specific steps of the angiogenic process: endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation on Matrigel. We also demonstrate the inhibitory effect of kahweol on the endothelial cell potential to remodel extracellular matrix by targeting two key molecules involved in the process, MMP-2 and uPA. Finally, the anti-inflammatory potential of this compound is demonstrated by its inhibition of both COX-2 expression and MCP-1 secretion in endothelial cells. Conclusion/Significance Taken together, our data indicate that, indeed, kahweol behaves as an anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic compound with potential use in antitumoral therapies. These data may contribute to the explanation of the reported antitumoral effects of kahweol, including the recent epidemiological meta-analysis showing that drinking coffee could decrease the risk of certain cancers.
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Oikonomopoulou K, Ricklin D, Ward PA, Lambris JD. Interactions between coagulation and complement--their role in inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 34:151-65. [PMID: 21811895 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The parallel expression of activation products of the coagulation, fibrinolysis, and complement systems has long been observed in both clinical and experimental settings. Several interconnections between the individual components of these cascades have also been described, and the list of shared regulators is expanding. The co-existence and interplay of hemostatic and inflammatory mediators in the same microenvironment typically ensures a successful host immune defense in compromised barrier settings. However, dysregulation of the cascade activities or functions of inhibitors in one or both systems can result in clinical manifestations of disease, such as sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or ischemia-reperfusion injury, with critical thrombotic and/or inflammatory complications. An appreciation of the precise relationship between complement activation and thrombosis may facilitate the development of novel therapeutics, as well as improve the clinical management of patients with thrombotic conditions that are characterized by complement-associated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Oikonomopoulou
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6100, USA
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Vodolazhsky DI, Shin EF, Golikov AY, Belova TN, Zimakov DV, Cherkasova EN, Boyko NV, Kogan MI, Chibichian MB, Moshkovsky SA, Matishov DG. Specific isoforms of plasminogen in patients with prostate cancer. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2011; 438:141-144. [PMID: 21728122 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496611030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D I Vodolazhsky
- Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Chekhova 41, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
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Juncker-Jensen A, Lund LR. Phenotypic overlap between MMP-13 and the plasminogen activation system during wound healing in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16954. [PMID: 21326869 PMCID: PMC3033913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix is a crucial step in the healing of incisional skin wounds. Thus, healing of skin wounds is delayed by either plasminogen-deficiency or by treatment with the broad-spectrum metalloproteinase (MP) inhibitor Galardin alone, while the two perturbations combined completely prevent wound healing. Both urokinase-type plasminogen activator and several matrix metallo proteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-3, -9 and -13, are expressed in the leading-edge keratinocytes of skin wounds, which may account for this phenotypic overlap between these classes of proteases. METHODOLOGY To further test that hypothesis we generated Mmp13;Plau and Mmp13;Plg double-deficient mice in a cross between Mmp13- and Plau-deficient mice as well as Mmp13- and Plg-deficient mice. These mice were examined for normal physiology in a large cohort study and in a well-characterized skin wound healing model, in which we made incisional 20 mm-long full-thickness skin wounds. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS While mice that are deficient in Mmp13 have a mean healing time indistinguishable to wild-type mice, wound healing in both Plau- and Plg-deficient mice is significantly delayed. Histological analysis of healed wounds revealed a significant increase in keratin 10/14 immunoreactive layers of kerationcytes in the skin surface in Mmp13;Plau double-deficient mice. Furthermore, we observe, by immunohistological analysis, an aberrant angiogenic pattern during wound healing induced by Plau-deficiency, which has not previously been described. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a phenotypic overlap, defined as an additional delay in wound healing in the double-deficient mice compared to the individual single-deficient mice, between MMP-13 and the plasminogen activation system in the process of wound healing, but not during gestation and in postnatal development. Thus, a dual targeting of uPA and MMP-13 might be a possible future strategy in designing therapies aimed at tissue repair or other pathological processes, such as cancer invasion, where proteolytic degradation is a hallmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Juncker-Jensen
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Biocenter, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leif R. Lund
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Biocenter, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Lecomte J, Louis K, Detry B, Blacher S, Lambert V, Bekaert S, Munaut C, Paupert J, Blaise P, Foidart JM, Rakic JM, Krane SM, Noel A. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells and MMP13 contribute to experimental choroidal neovascularization. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:677-86. [PMID: 20700625 PMCID: PMC11115098 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the potential involvement of collagenase-3 (MMP13), a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family member, in the exudative form of age-related macular degeneration characterized by a neovascularisation into the choroid. RT-PCR analysis revealed that human neovascular membranes issued from patients with AMD expressed high levels of Mmp13. The contribution of MMP13 in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) formation was explored by using a murine model of laser-induced CNV and applying it to wild-type mice (WT) and Mmp13-deficient mice (Mmp13 ( -/- ) mice). Angiogenic and inflammatory reactions were explored by immunohistochemistry. The implication of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells was determined by BM engraftment into irradiated mice and by injecting mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from WT BM. The deficiency of Mmp13 impaired CNV formation which was fully restored by WT BM engraftment and partially rescued by several injections of WT MSC. The present study sheds light on a novel function of MMP13 during BM-dependent choroidal vascularization and provides evidence for a role for MSC in the pathogenesis of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lecomte
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, Tour de Pathologie, CHU (B23), Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Research (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Krystel Louis
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, Tour de Pathologie, CHU (B23), Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Research (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Benoit Detry
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, Tour de Pathologie, CHU (B23), Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Research (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Silvia Blacher
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, Tour de Pathologie, CHU (B23), Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Research (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Vincent Lambert
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, Tour de Pathologie, CHU (B23), Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Research (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHU, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Bekaert
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, Tour de Pathologie, CHU (B23), Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Research (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Carine Munaut
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, Tour de Pathologie, CHU (B23), Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Research (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Jenny Paupert
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, Tour de Pathologie, CHU (B23), Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Research (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre Blaise
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHU, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Foidart
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, Tour de Pathologie, CHU (B23), Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Research (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Stephen M. Krane
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149, 13th Street, Room 8301, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, Tour de Pathologie, CHU (B23), Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Research (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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Khan ST, Pixley RA, Liu Y, Bakdash N, Gordon B, Agelan A, Huang Y, Achary MP, Colman RW. Inhibition of metastasis of syngeneic murine melanoma in vivo and vasculogenesis in vitro by monoclonal antibody C11C1 targeted to domain 5 of high molecular weight kininogen. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1885-93. [PMID: 20811885 PMCID: PMC11030835 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis of malignant tumors is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Inhibition of tumor growth in distant organs is of clinical importance. We have demonstrated that C11C1, a murine monoclonal antibody to the light chain region of high molecular weight kininogen (HK), reduces growth of murine multiple myeloma in normal mice and human colon cancer in nude mice. C11C1 inhibits angiogenesis by reducing tumor microvascular density by blocking binding of HK to endothelial cells. We now evaluate the anti-metastatic effect of C11C1 on C57BL/6 mouse lung metastatic model using B16F10 melanoma cells. The tail veins of mice were injected with 0.5 × 10(6) cells of melanoma B16F10. One group received C11C1 and the other received saline (control) intraperitoneally. When mice were killed at 28 days, 6 of 10 control mice had detectable metastatic pulmonary nodules which stained positive with an antibody against S-100 protein, a tumor antigen present in malignant melanoma cells. In the C11C1 groups, none of the mice showed metastatic foci in their lungs. We showed that C11C1 inhibits endothelial cell tube formation in a 3-D collagen fibrinogen gel model by inhibiting the rate of cleavage of HK by plasma kallikrein without changing the binding affinity for HK. These studies demonstrate that a monoclonal antibody to HK has the potential to prevent metastasis with minimal side effects.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Humans
- Kininogen, High-Molecular-Weight/immunology
- Kininogen, High-Molecular-Weight/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/secondary
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina T. Khan
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Broad Street, OMS 418, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Robin A. Pixley
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Broad Street, OMS 418, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Yuchuan Liu
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Broad Street, OMS 418, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Nadia Bakdash
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Broad Street, OMS 418, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Brigitte Gordon
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Broad Street, OMS 418, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Alexis Agelan
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Broad Street, OMS 418, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Yajue Huang
- Department of Pathology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Mohan P. Achary
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Robert W. Colman
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Broad Street, OMS 418, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
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Labied S, Blacher S, Carmeliet P, Noël A, Frankenne F, Foidart JM, Munaut C. Transient reduction of placental angiogenesis in PAI-1-deficient mice. Physiol Genomics 2010; 43:188-98. [PMID: 21119013 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00147.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine placentation is associated with the invasion of maternal endometrium by trophoblasts and an extensive maternal and fetal angiogenesis. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is transiently produced by spongiotrophoblasts and trophoblast giant cells at 10.5-11.5 days postcoitum (dpc). Knowing the key contribution of PAI-1 in the regulation of angiogenesis, we have now analyzed the consequence of PAI-1 deficiency on murine placentation. Morphological and quantitative computer-assisted image analysis revealed abnormal placental morphology in PAI-1-/- mice at 10.5 and 12.5 dpc. At 10.5 dpc, the genetic ablation of PAI-1 resulted in a transient reduction of both maternal and fetal vascularizations in the placenta and increased trophoblast cell density. This was associated with a poorer development of the labyrinth and an extension of the decidua. A larger spongiotrophoblast layer appeared at 12.5 dpc in PAI-1-deficient mice. Placental morphology was normalized at 14.5 dpc. Microarray analyses performed on laser capture microdissected labyrinths revealed that 46 genes were differentially expressed between the two genotypes at 10.5 dpc. However, only 11 genes were still differently modulated at 14.5 dpc, when normalization of placental morphology had taken place. This transcriptomic profiling highlighted a dysregulation in the expression of placenta-related cathepsin family members. Altogether our data provide evidence for a transient impaired placental morphology in PAI-1-deficient mice that is then normalized, leading to normal embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Labied
- Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer (GIGA Cancer), Liège, Belgium
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Passam FH, Qi JC, Tanaka K, Matthaei KI, Krilis SA. In vivo modulation of angiogenesis by beta 2 glycoprotein I. J Autoimmun 2010; 35:232-40. [PMID: 20655705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Beta 2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) is the major auto antigen in the antiphospholipid syndrome but also interacts with fibrinolytic and angiogenic proteins. The aim of this study was to examine the angiogenic potential of β2GPI in vivo in β2GPI deficient mice utilizing angiogenic assays. β2GPI deficient mice show increased microvessel formation in comparison to β2GPI replete controls when injected with growth factor free-matrigel implants. However, microvessel formation in matrigel plugs of β2GPI deficient mice was less than in β2GPI replete mice when basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was included in the matrigel. Hemoglobin content was higher in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) containing-matrigel plugs in the β2GPI deficient mouse demonstrating that the lack of β2GPI led to increased extravasation by VEGF. Melanoma B16F10 tumour growth was enhanced in β2GPI deficient mice. Melanoma microvessel density was increased in β2GPI deficient mice but the proliferation rate of tumour cells (determined by Ki67 immunohistochemistry) was unaffected by the presence or absence of β2GPI. Subcutaneous delivery of native human β2GPI by the ALZET osmotic pump did not affect melanoma tumour growth in β2GPI deficient mice. We conclude that the in vivo unopposed action of β2GPI is anti-angiogenic however this function is modified in the presence of a strong angiogenic stimulus into stabilization of vessel formation. Although the presence of β2GPI attenuates vessel sprouting in certain tumours, no survival benefit is conferred to tumour bearing animals. This does not preclude the potential benefit of modified or fragments of β2GPI in anti-angiogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Passam
- Department of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of New South Wales, St. George Hospital, 2 South St., Kogarah, NSW 2217, Sydney, Australia
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Villar V, Kocić J, Santibanez JF. Spred2 inhibits TGF-beta1-induced urokinase type plasminogen activator expression, cell motility and epithelial mesenchymal transition. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:77-85. [PMID: 19908229 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
TGF-beta1 is a potent inductor of malignance in cancer cells. TGF-beta1 stimulates the expression of extracellular matrix degrading proteases, cell migration and it is also involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the present work, we analyzed the role of Spred2 in the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) stimulation, EMT and cell migration by TGF-beta1. We found that both the expression of mRNA and the protein level of Spred2 were lower in transformed keratinocytes PDV compared with immortalized keratinocytes MCA-3D. The transient ectopic expression of Spred2 in PDV cells inhibited the TGF-beta1-transactivated SRE-Luc reporter which is related with the ERK1,2 signal. The stable ectopic expression of Spred2 in PDV cells (SP cells) led to the loss of ERK 1,2 activation by TGF-beta1, although Smad2 activation was not affected, and the knockdown of Spred2 enhanced the activation of ERK1,2 signal by TGF-beta1. The increment of uPA expression induced by TGF-beta1 was suppressed in SP cells. In contrast, the stimulus on PAI-1 expression was not affected and comparable to parental PDV cells. SP cells under TGF-beta1 treatment were unable to display the EMT, since the overexpression of Spred2 abolished the TGF-beta1-induced disruption of the E-cadherin cell to cell interactions, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and upregulation of the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Finally, SP cells could not respond to the TGF-beta1 stimulus on cell migration. Taken together, the data in the present study suggests that Spred2 is a regulator of TGF-beta1-induced malignance in transformed keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Villar
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Chile
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Anti-inflammatory actions of serine protease inhibitors containing the Kunitz domain. Inflamm Res 2010; 59:679-87. [PMID: 20454830 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protease inhibitors, including the Kunitz, Kazal, serpin and mucus families, play important roles in inhibiting protease activities during homeostasis, inflammation, tissue injury, and cancer progression. Interestingly, in addition to their anti-protease activity, protease inhibitors also often possess other intrinsic properties that contribute to termination of the inflammatory process, including modulation of cytokine expression, signal transduction and tissue remodeling. In this review we have tried to summarize recent findings on the Kunitz family of serine proteinase inhibitors and their implications in health and disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed and ScienceDirect up to October 2009. We tried to limit the review to anti-inflammatory actions and actions not related to protease inhibition. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Recent studies have demonstrated that the Kunitz inhibitors are not only protease inhibitors, but can also prevent inflammation and tissue injury and subsequently promote tissue remodeling.
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Masset A, Maillard C, Sounni NE, Jacobs N, Bruyére F, Delvenne P, Tacke M, Reinheckel T, Foidart JM, Coussens LM, Noël A. Unimpeded skin carcinogenesis in K14-HPV16 transgenic mice deficient for plasminogen activator inhibitor. Int J Cancer 2010; 128:283-93. [PMID: 20232379 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and cell migration are associated with cancer progression and involve at least, the plasminogen activating system and its main physiological inhibitor, the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Considering the recognized importance of PAI-1 in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and invasion in murine models of skin tumor transplantation, we explored the functional significance of PAI-1 during early stages of neoplastic progression in the transgenic mouse model of multistage epithelial carcinogenesis (K14-HPV16 mice). We have studied the effect of genetic deletion of PAI-1 on inflammation, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and tumor progression. In this model, PAI-1 deficiency neither impaired keratinocyte hyperproliferation or tumor development nor affected the infiltration of inflammatory cells and development of angiogenic or lymphangiogenic vasculature. We are reporting evidence for concomitant lymphangiogenic and angiogenic switches independent to PAI-1 status. Taken together, these data indicate that PAI-1 is not rate limiting for neoplastic progression and vascularization during premalignant progression, or that there is a functional redundancy between PAI-1 and other tumor regulators, masking the effect of PAI-1 deficiency in this long-term model of multistage epithelial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Masset
- Laboratory of Biology of Tumor and Development, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliqué-GIGA Cancer, Tour de Pathologie (B23), Sart-Tilman, Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase plasminogen activator in human epileptogenic pathologies. Neuroscience 2010; 167:929-45. [PMID: 20219643 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence demonstrates the involvement of plasminogen activators (PAs) in a number of physiologic and pathologic events in the CNS. Induction of both tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) has been observed in different experimental models of epilepsy and tPA has been implicated in the mechanisms underlying seizure activity. We investigated the expression and the cellular distribution of tPA and uPA in several epileptogenic pathologies, including hippocampal sclerosis (HS; n=6), and developmental glioneuronal lesions, such as focal cortical dysplasia (FCD, n=6), cortical tubers in patients with the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC; n=6) and in gangliogliomas (GG; n=6), using immuno-cytochemical, western blot and real-time quantitative PCR analysis. TPA and uPA immunostaining showed increased expression within the epileptogenic lesions compared to control specimens in both glial and neuronal cells (hippocampal neurons in HS and dysplastic neurons in FCD, TSC and GG specimens). Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed expression of both proteins in astrocytes and microglia, as well as in microvascular endothelium. Immunoblot demonstrated also up-regulation of the uPA receptor (uPAR; P<0.05). Increased expression of tPA, uPA, uPAR and tissue PA inhibitor type mRNA levels was also detected by PCR analysis in different epileptogenic pathologies (P<0.05). Our data support the role of PA system components in different human focal epileptogenic pathologies, which may critically influence neuronal activity, inflammatory response, as well as contributing to the complex remodeling of the neuronal networks occurring in epileptogenic lesions.
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van Kruijsdijk RCM, van der Wall E, Visseren FLJ. Obesity and cancer: the role of dysfunctional adipose tissue. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2569-78. [PMID: 19755644 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are health problems of epidemic proportions, increasing the risk not only of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus but also of various types of cancer. Obesity is strongly associated with changes in the physiological function of adipose tissue, leading to insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and altered secretion of adipokines. Several of these factors, such as insulin resistance, increased levels of leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and endogenous sex steroids, decreased levels of adiponectin, and chronic inflammation, are involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. This article reviews these mechanisms, focusing on adipose tissue dysfunction as a unifying causal factor. Although understanding of the link between obesity and cancer might provide therapeutic targets, preventing overweight and obesity still remains number one priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob C M van Kruijsdijk
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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46
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Expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor is increased during epileptogenesis in the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 2009; 163:316-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 05/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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47
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Cavallo-Medved D, Rudy D, Blum G, Bogyo M, Caglic D, Sloane BF. Live-cell imaging demonstrates extracellular matrix degradation in association with active cathepsin B in caveolae of endothelial cells during tube formation. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:1234-46. [PMID: 19331819 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 01/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Localization of proteases to the surface of endothelial cells and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are essential to endothelial cell tube formation and angiogenesis. Here, we partially localized active cathepsin B and its cell surface binding partners, S100A/p11 (p11) of the annexin II heterotetramer (AIIt), to caveolae of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Via a live-cell proteolysis assay, we observed that degradation products of quenched-fluorescent (DQ)-proteins (i.e. gelatin and collagen IV) colocalized intracellularly with caveolin-1 (cav-1) of HUVEC grown in either monolayer cultures or in vitro tube formation assays. Activity-based probes that bind covalently to active cysteine cathepsins and degradation products of DQ-collagen IV partially localized to intracellular vesicles that contained cav-1 and active cysteine cathepsins. Biochemical analyses revealed that the distribution of active cathepsin B in caveolar fractions increased during in vitro tube formation. Pro-uPA, uPAR, MMP-2 and MMP-14, which have been linked with cathepsin B to ECM degradation pathways, were also found to increase in caveolar fractions during in vitro tube formation. Our findings are the first to demonstrate through live-cell imaging ECM degradation in association with active cathepsin B in caveolae of endothelial cells during tube formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Cavallo-Medved
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Su SC, Mendoza EA, Kwak HI, Bayless KJ. Molecular profile of endothelial invasion of three-dimensional collagen matrices: insights into angiogenic sprout induction in wound healing. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 295:C1215-29. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00336.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis is a multistep process consisting of basement membrane degradation, endothelial cell (EC) activation, proliferation, invasion, lumen formation, and sprout stabilization. Such complexity is consistent with a requirement for orchestration of individual gene expression alongside multiple signaling pathways. To better understand the mechanisms that direct the transformation of adherent ECs on the surface of collagen matrices to develop multicellular invading sprouts, we analyzed differential gene expression with time using a defined in vitro model of EC invasion driven by the combination of sphingosine-1-phosphate, basic FGF, and VEGF. Gene expression changes were confirmed by real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. A cohort of cell adhesion molecule genes involved in adherens junction and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions were upregulated, whereas a set of genes associated with tight junctions were downregulated. Numerous genes encoding ECM proteins and proteases were induced, indicating that biosynthesis and remodeling of ECM is indispensable for sprouting angiogenesis. Knockdown of a highly upregulated gene, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin-type repeats-1 (ADAMTS1), decreased invasion responses, confirming a role for ADAMTS1 in mediating EC invasion. Furthermore, differential expression of multiple members of the Wnt and Notch pathways was observed. Functional experiments indicated that inhibition and activation of the Notch signaling pathway stimulated and inhibited EC invasion responses, respectively. This study has enhanced the molecular road map of gene expression changes that occur during endothelial invasion and highlighted the utility of three-dimensional models to study EC morphogenesis.
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Maillard C, Bouquet C, Petitjean M, Mestdagt M, Frau E, Jost M, Masset A, Opolon P, Beermann F, Abitbol M, Foidart J, Perricaudet M, Noel A. Reduction of brain metastases in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-deficient mice with transgenic ocular tumors. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:2236-42. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Yu P, Passam FH, Yu DM, Denyer G, Krilis SA. Beta2-glycoprotein I inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor induced angiogenesis through its amino terminal domain. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:1215-23. [PMID: 18452581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-2 glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI) is a plasma glycoprotein which interacts with various proteins of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system. beta(2)GPI has recently been shown to have anti-angiogenic properties. OBJECTIVES We undertook this study to investigate the specific domain of beta(2)GPI involved in the anti-angiogenic function and its effect on downstream signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). METHODS Various preparations of beta(2)GPI were used on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the absence or presence of VEGF and bFGF. The effect on HUVECs' proliferation, migration and tubule formation in Matrigel matrix was investigated. The effect of beta(2)GPI on the mRNA expression of VEGF receptors and phosphorylation of signaling molecules was also studied. RESULTS beta(2)GPI is shown in this study to be an anti-angiogenic molecule in vitro by inhibiting VEGF and bFGF-induced proliferation, migration and papillary-like tubule formation of HUVECs. This inhibition was achieved by native, proteolytically clipped and domain deletion mutants, domain I-IV (DI-IV) but not domain II-V (DII-V) of beta(2)GPI. Native beta(2)GPI was found to downregulate the expression of the VEGF receptor KDR/Flk-1 on endothelial cells and to block the phosphorylation of VEGF's downstream effector molecules in the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/GSK3beta pathways. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that beta(2)GPI has anti-angiogenic functions which depend on the presence of domain I. This anti-angiogenic activity may have important implications for the therapeutic manipulation of angiogenesis in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital, NSW, Australia
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