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Le Grande M, Borland R, Gravely S, Cummings M, McNeill A, Yong HH, Gartner CE. Support for banning sale of smoked tobacco products among adults who smoke: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys (2018-2022). Tob Control 2024:tc-2023-058532. [PMID: 38886052 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2023-058532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people continue to smoke despite strong policies to deter use, thus stronger regulatory measures may be required. In four high-income countries, we examined whether people who smoke would support a total ban on smoked tobacco products under two differing policy scenarios. METHODS Data were from 14 363 adults (≥18) who smoked cigarettes (≥monthly) and participated in at least one of the 2018, 2020 or 2022 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys in Australia, Canada, England and the USA. In 2018, respondents were asked whether they would support a law that totally bans smoked tobacco if the government provides smoking cessation assistance (Cessation Assistance scenario). In 2020 and 2022, respondents were asked a slightly different question as to whether they would support a law that totally bans smoked tobacco if the government encourages people who smoke to use alternative nicotine products like vaping products and nicotine replacement products instead (substitution scenario). Responses (support vs oppose/don't know) were estimated on weighted data. RESULTS Support was greater for the cessation assistance scenario (2018, 36.6%) than the nicotine substitution scenario (2020, 26.9%; 2022, 26.3%, both p<0.0001). In the longitudinal analysis, there was a significant scenario by country interaction effect with lower support in Canada, the USA and Australia under the substitution scenario than in the cessation scenario, but equivalent levels in England under both scenarios. The strongest correlates of support under both scenarios were planning to quit smoking within 6 months, wanting to quit smoking 'a lot' and recent use of nicotine replacement therapy. CONCLUSIONS Opposition to banning smoked tobacco predominates among people who smoke, but less with a cessation assistance scenario than one encouraging nicotine substitution. Wanting to quit a lot was the strongest indicator of support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Le Grande
- Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, The University of Melbourne Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ron Borland
- Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, The University of Melbourne Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shannon Gravely
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Cummings
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ann McNeill
- UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hua H Yong
- Department of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Coral E Gartner
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Grunseit AC, Howse E, Williams J, Bauman AE. Are Perceptions of Government Intervention Related to Support for Prevention? An Australian Survey Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091246. [PMID: 37174788 PMCID: PMC10177783 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Australia, despite the success of tobacco control policy interventions, policymakers remain resistant to policy-based approaches to diet, alcohol, physical inactivity and obesity, concerned about community perceptions of such interventions as "nanny-statist". We examined how people's general positions on government intervention related to their positions on different preventive policy options. METHODS Data were from a 2018 nationally representative cross-sectional telephone survey of 2601 Australian adults. Survey questions related to endorsement of different conceptualisations of government intervention (nanny state, paternalistic, shared responsibility and communitarian) and support for specific health interventions, using forced-choice questions about preferences for individual/treatment measures versus population/preventive health measures. We analysed associations between scores on different conceptualisations of government intervention and support of different policy options for tobacco and diet, and preferences for prevention over treatment. RESULTS The Nanny State Scale showed an inverse relationship with support for tobacco- and diet-related interventions, and alternative conceptualisations (paternalistic, shared responsibility and communitarian) showed a positive relationship. Effect sizes in all cases were small. Those aged 55+ demonstrated greater support for policy action on tobacco and diet, and greater preference for systemic rather than individual-level interventions. CONCLUSION General disposition towards government intervention, although correlated with support for specific policy actions, is not deterministic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Carolyn Grunseit
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Level 6, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, The Sax Institute, Level 3, 30C Wentworth St, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Eloise Howse
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, The Sax Institute, Level 3, 30C Wentworth St, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Julie Williams
- Public Health Services, Tasmanian Department of Health, 2/25 Argyle Street, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Adrian Ernest Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Level 6, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, The Sax Institute, Level 3, 30C Wentworth St, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
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Smith TT, Nahhas GJ, Borland R, Cho YJ, Chung-Hall J, Fairman RT, Fong GT, McNeill A, Popova L, Thrasher JF, Cummings KM. Which tobacco control policies do smokers support? Findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. Prev Med 2021; 149:106600. [PMID: 33957152 PMCID: PMC8580201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As governments consider policy action to reduce smoking, a key factor in creating political will is the level of public support, particularly among smokers who are most affected by the policies. The goal of this paper is to assess and compare the level of support in Canada, the United States, England, and Australia for five smoking control policies: 1) banning menthol in cigarettes, 2) banning cigarette additives, 3) reducing nicotine in cigarettes to make them less addictive, 4) raising the minimum age to purchase cigarettes to 21 years and older, and 5) requiring pictorial warning labels on cigarette packs (examined in the US only). Data for these analyses come from 8165 daily cigarette smokers who responded to the 2016 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. In all countries, the highest level of support was for raising the legal age for purchase to 21 years and older (62-70%) and reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes to make them less addictive (57-70%). Smokers who were less dependent on cigarettes and those expressing interest in quitting were more likely to support all policies. When asked how they would respond to a nicotine reduction policy, the most common response given was to try the non-nicotine cigarettes to see how they liked them (42-48%), with the next most common response being to quit smoking entirely (16-24%). The high level of support for these proposed policies among daily smokers provides important evidence for policymakers to counteract claims that such policies would be unpopular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy T Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Cancer Control and Prevention, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
| | - Georges J Nahhas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Cancer Control and Prevention, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Ron Borland
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yoo Jin Cho
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Janet Chung-Hall
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Robert T Fairman
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States
| | - Geoffrey T Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ann McNeill
- Addictions Department, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Popova
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - K Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Cancer Control and Prevention, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
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Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sinha DN, Jeyashree K, Rath R, Gupta PC, Kannan S, Agarwal N, Venugopal D. Trends in tobacco consumption in India 1987–2016: impact of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:841-851. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Doran N, Dubrava S, Anthenelli RM. Effects of Varenicline, Depressive Symptoms, and Region of Enrollment on Smoking Cessation in Depressed Smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:156-162. [PMID: 29471329 PMCID: PMC6329403 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Despite effective treatments, relapse to smoking remains a vexing global health problem. One predictor of relapse is depressive symptoms. Medications such as varenicline reduce withdrawal-related symptoms of depression, reducing relapse. This study examined whether varenicline moderated the effect of depressive symptoms on relapse, and whether this varied by region of enrollment. Methods Adult smokers (n = 525; 37% male) with past or current, stable major depressive disorder recruited from United States (n = 255), and European (n = 270) sites participated in a randomized, double-blind cessation treatment trial including 12 weeks of varenicline or placebo, with 40-week nontreatment follow-up. Results Longitudinal and binary logistic regressions were used to model the probability of sustained abstinence by end of treatment and point-prevalence abstinence in follow-up. The association between depression symptoms and abstinence was moderated by intervention group at end of treatment, and by region during follow-up: more severe symptoms were associated with end-of-treatment relapse for placebo (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91, p = .003), but not varenicline (OR = 0.99, p = .568). During follow-up, increased symptoms of depression predicted greater likelihood of smoking for European (p = .009) but not US participants. Europeans were more likely to be abstinent for both outcomes (p < .01). Conclusions These results extend studies demonstrating varenicline is associated with less withdrawal-related depression, and suggest it aids cessation even in smokers with depressive symptoms. Findings also suggest regional differences in the relationship between depressive symptoms and cessation that may be related to differences in prevalence. Implications This study indicates varenicline may aid cessation partially by reducing withdrawal-related symptoms of depression. It also suggests that the impact of depressive symptoms on cessation varies regionally, and that this variation may be related to differences in smoking prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Doran
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego
- Mental Health Care Line, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System
| | | | - Robert M Anthenelli
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego
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Lidón-Moyano C, Sampedro-Vida M, Matilla-Santander N, Martín-Sánchez JC, González-Marrón A, Bunch K, Martínez-Sánchez JM. Attitudes towards tobacco product regulations and their relationship with the tobacco control policies. Prev Med 2018; 111:67-72. [PMID: 29476766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to describe the acceptability of some tobacco products regulations and to explore their relation with tobacco control legislation levels in Europe. We used data on tobacco control activities in Europe in 2007, 2010 and 2013 measured by the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) and data regarding attitudes about tobacco control regulations (i.e. adding picture health warnings on all packages of tobacco products or increasing taxes on tobacco products) from the Special Eurobarometer of 2009, 2012 and 2014 (n = 80,831). We calculated the prevalence ratio of favorable attitudes towards tobacco products restrictions in the reference year 2009 vs. the most current year (i.e. 2009 vs 2014), and the effect of previous TCS scores on the attitudes towards tobacco products regulations adjusted for sociodemographic variables. Strong support for the studied tobacco products regulations, which modestly increased over time, was observed. A positive relation was generally observed between TCS scores and support for the studied tobacco products regulations at both the ecological and individual level. A positive correlation was found between TCS scores and support for increasing taxes on tobacco products (rsp:0.29; 95%CI: 0.10, 0.48) at the ecological level, while at the individual level, the positive association was more remarkable in the case of support for adding large health warning labels to packaging. In conclusion, support for the studied tobacco products regulations were positively related with European tobacco control levels of implementation both at the ecological and individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lidón-Moyano
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marc Sampedro-Vida
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Nuria Matilla-Santander
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Martín-Sánchez
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Adrián González-Marrón
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Kailey Bunch
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jose M Martínez-Sánchez
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Schmidt AM, Kowitt SD, Myers AE, Goldstein AO. Attitudes towards Potential New Tobacco Control Regulations among U.S. Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E72. [PMID: 29303963 PMCID: PMC5800171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Favorable attitudes towards tobacco control policies can facilitate their implementation and success. We examined attitudes toward four potential U.S. Federal tobacco regulations (banning menthol from cigarettes, reducing nicotine levels in cigarettes, banning candy and fruit flavored electronic cigarettes, and banning candy and fruit flavored little cigars and cigarillos) and associations with individual and state variables. A nationally representative phone survey of 4337 adults assessed attitudes toward potential policies. Weighted logistic regression was used to assess relationships between attitudes and demographic factors, smoking behavior, beliefs about the government (knowledge, trust, and credibility), exposure to tobacco control campaigns, and state variables from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) System. Most respondents supported three out of four policies. Respondents that were female, non-white, Latino, living below the poverty line, had less than high school education, were of older age, did not smoke, had higher trust in government, and were exposed to national tobacco control campaigns had higher odds of expressing favorable attitudes toward potential new tobacco regulations than did their counterparts. No state-level effects were found. While differences in attitudes were observed by individual demographic characteristics, behaviors, and beliefs, a majority of participants supported most of the potential new tobacco regulations surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Schmidt
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Sarah D Kowitt
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Allison E Myers
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Counter Tools, Carrboro, NC 27510, USA.
| | - Adam O Goldstein
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Shargorodsky J, Garcia-Esquinas E, Navas-Acien A, Lin SY. Allergic sensitization, rhinitis, and tobacco smoke exposure in U.S. children and adolescents. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 5:471-6. [PMID: 25884913 PMCID: PMC4763876 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood tobacco exposure has been linked with sinonasal pathology, and may be associated with allergic sensitization. This study evaluates the association between exposure to active smoking or secondhand smoke (SHS) and the prevalence of rhinitis and allergic sensitization in the U.S. pediatric population. METHODS Cross-sectional study in 2714 children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2006. Active smoking was defined as self-reported smoking or serum cotinine concentrations >10 ng/mL. SHS was defined as nonactive smokers who reported living with ≥1 smokers or had serum cotinine ≥0.011 ng/mL. Self-reported rhinitis was based on symptoms during the past 12 months, and allergen sensitization was defined as a positive response to any of the 19 specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antigens tested. RESULTS About half of the population (54%) had detectable levels of IgE specific to at least 1 of the tested allergens, and 25% reported a history of rhinitis. After multivariate adjustment, an increased prevalence rate ratio (PRR) of self-reported rhinitis was seen in individuals in the highest cotinine tertile among active smokers (PRR, 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 2.43), with a significant trend between increasing cotinine levels in individuals exposed to either secondhand smoke or active smoking (p = 0.05 for both analyses). Significantly less food allergen sensitization was observed in participants in the highest cotinine tertile of secondhand smoke (PRR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.85). CONCLUSION Tobacco smoke exposure was associated with increased prevalence of rhinitis symptoms, but decreased prevalence of allergic sensitization. The results highlight the complex relationship between tobacco exposure and sinonasal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Shargorodsky
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Esther Garcia-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sandra Y. Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Nicholson AK, Borland R, Sterren AE, Bennet PT, Stevens M, Thomas DP. Social acceptability and desirability of smoking in a national sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Med J Aust 2015; 202:S57-62. [DOI: 10.5694/mja14.01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pele T Bennet
- Queensland Aboriginal and Islander Health Council, Brisbane, QLD
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Yang T, Yu L, Jiang S, Feng X, Xian H, Cottrell RR, Rockett IRH. Household smoking restrictions among urban residents in China: individual and regional influences. Int J Public Health 2015; 60:479-86. [PMID: 25838120 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-015-0672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study examines individual and regional influences on household smoking restrictions (HSR) in China. METHODS Participants were 16,866 urban residents, who were identified through a multistage survey sampling process conducted in 21 Chinese cities. The data collection instrument was a self-administered questionnaire. The sample was characterized in terms of the prevalence of complete HSRs. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine individual and environmental influences on HSR. RESULTS Almost 22 % of respondents reported HSR. Both individual and regional-level restrictions on smoking in the workplace were associated with HSR. There was a negative association between individual household income and HSR, and positive associations between HSR awareness of secondhand smoking (SHS), and smoking in smoke-free public places, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed individual and regional influences on HSR in China. Findings underscore that efforts to restrict smoking in Chinese households should emphasize environmental smoking restrictions, while simultaneously raising public awareness of the perils of SHS. This information should be considered in designing interventions to sustain and promote the adoption of HSR in Chinese and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhong Yang
- Center for Tobacco Control Research/Department of Social Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China,
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11
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Public support for graphic health warning labels in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2015; 48:89-92. [PMID: 25217818 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration was required to mandate that graphic health warning labels be placed on cigarette packages and advertisements. PURPOSE To assess public support in the U.S. for graphic health warning labels from 2007 to 2012. METHODS Data from 17,498 respondents from 13 waves of the National Adult Tobacco Survey, a list-assisted random-digit-dial survey, were used. Overall support for graphic health warning labels, as well as support by smoking status, and by sociodemographics and smoker characteristics are estimated. Analyses were conducted in 2014. RESULTS Since 2007, a majority of the public overall has been in favor of labels. Support increased significantly among the public overall and among non-smokers from 2007 through 2009 (p<0.001), after which it remained flat. Among smokers, support levels increased from 2007 through 2011 (p<0.001), but decreased significantly from 2011 through 2012 (p<0.001). Support was high regardless of smoking status, although among smokers, support varied by level of smoking, interest in quitting, and whether labels were seen as an important reason to quit. Support varied by sociodemographic characteristics, particularly among smokers. Younger, less-affluent, and less-educated smokers supported labels at higher levels than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS A majority of U.S. residents support graphic health warning labels for cigarette packs, though support among smokers declined after 2011.
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Swift E, Borland R, Cummings KM, Fong GT, McNeill A, Hammond D, Thrasher JF, Partos TR, Yong HH. Australian smokers' support for plain or standardised packs before and after implementation: findings from the ITC Four Country Survey. Tob Control 2014; 24:616-21. [PMID: 25385449 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plain packaging (PP) for tobacco products was fully implemented in Australia on 1 December 2012 along with larger graphic health warnings. Using longitudinal data from the Australian arm of the ITC Four Country Survey, we examined attitudes to the new packs before and after implementation, predictors of attitudinal change, and the relationship between support and quitting activity. METHODS A population-based cohort study design, with some cross-sectional analyses. Surveys of Australian smokers assessed attitudes to PP at four time points prior to implementation (from 2007 to 2012) and one post-implementation wave collected (early/mid-2013). RESULTS Trend analysis showed a slight rise in opposition to PP among smokers in the waves leading up to their implementation, but no change in support. Support for PP increased significantly after implementation (28.2% pre vs 49% post), such that post-PP more smokers were supportive than opposed (49% vs 34.7%). Multivariate analysis showed support either before or after implementation was predicted by belief in greater adverse health impacts of smoking, desire to quit and lower addiction. Among those not supportive before implementation, having no clear opinion about PP (versus being opposed) prior to the changes also predicted support post-implementation. Support for PP was prospectively associated with higher levels of quitting activity. CONCLUSIONS Since implementation of PP along with larger warnings, support among Australian smokers has increased. Support is related to lower addiction, stronger beliefs in the negative health impacts of smoking, and higher levels of quitting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Swift
- The Cancer Council, Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ron Borland
- The Cancer Council, Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Geoffrey T Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann McNeill
- Addictions Department, Kings College London, UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies: United Kingdom, London, UK
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - James F Thrasher
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Timea R Partos
- The Cancer Council, Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hua-Hie Yong
- The Cancer Council, Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Minardi V, Gorini G, Carreras G, Masocco M, Ferrante G, Possenti V, Quarchioni E, Spizzichino L, Galeone D, Vasselli S, Salmaso S. Compliance with the smoking ban in Italy 8 years after its application. Int J Public Health 2014; 59:549-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-014-0543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Sarkar S, Sharma A, Basu D. How to stop tobacco use? Tobacco user's perspective. Ind Psychiatry J 2013; 22:77-9. [PMID: 24459380 PMCID: PMC3895319 DOI: 10.4103/0972-6748.123638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the tobacco-dependent subject's perspectives of what measures are likely to work for tobacco cessation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nicotine-dependent male subjects attending a tertiary level de-addiction center in North India were recruited. Demographic and clinical data was recorded. Open-ended questions were asked to know user's perspective about the measures by which tobacco use can be effectively stopped in the country. The subjects were allowed as many responses as they desired. RESULTS A total of 46 subjects were recruited. The median age of the sample was 35 years, with median duration of tobacco use being 12 years. All subjects were males, and most were married, employed, and had urban residence. Supply reducing measures were the most commonly reported to stop tobacco (67.4% of subjects) followed by people quitting tobacco use by themselves (19.6%) and raising awareness through media (13.1%). CONCLUSION This pilot study reflects the perspectives of tobacco users for the measures likely to be effective in tobacco cessation. Evaluating the effect of implementation of individual policies may help focusing towards measures that yield greatest benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Drug-De-Addiction and Treatment Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akhilesh Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Drug-De-Addiction and Treatment Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Debasish Basu
- Department of Psychiatry, Drug-De-Addiction and Treatment Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnar Azevedo e Silva
- Institute of Social Medicine, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janerio, ZC:20550-900, Brazil.
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