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Sae-Lim S, Ngiwsara L, Lirdprapamongkol K, Puttamuk T, Maneeanakekul S, Thangsan P, Sangsuwan W, Svasti J, Chuawong P. Anthraquinones from the roots of Morinda scabrida Craib exhibit antiproliferative activity against A549 lung cancer cells and antitubulin polymerization. Fitoterapia 2024; 173:105781. [PMID: 38128619 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Six anthraquinones were isolated from Morinda scabrida Craib, an unexplored species of Morinda found in the tropical forest of Thailand. All six anthraquinones showed cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cells, with the most active compound, nordamnacanthal (MS01), exhibiting the IC50 value of 16.3 ± 2.5 μM. The cytotoxic effect was dose-dependent and led to cell morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis. In addition, flow cytometric analysis showed dose-dependent apoptosis induction and the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, which was in agreement with the tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity of MS01. Molecular docking analysis illustrated the binding between MS01 and the α/β-tubulin heterodimer at the colchicine binding site, and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy revealed the DNA binding capacity of MS01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorachai Sae-Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance (AMR), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Lukana Ngiwsara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | | | - Thamrongjet Puttamuk
- School of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand
| | - Sutida Maneeanakekul
- School of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand
| | - Poomsith Thangsan
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance (AMR), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Withsakorn Sangsuwan
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance (AMR), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Pitak Chuawong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance (AMR), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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Asokan K, Zahir Hussain A, Ilangovan A. Efficient amidation of weak amines: synthesis, chiral separation by SFC, and antimicrobial activity of N-(9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-1-yl) carboxamide. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:309-319. [PMID: 38059916 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01774e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
An effective and straightforward method for the synthesis of 1-aminoanthracene-9,10-dione carboxamides by coupling a weakly reactive amine, 1-aminoanthracene-9,10-dione, and sterically hindered carboxylic acids was achieved using COMU as the coupling agent. Furthermore, making use of the advantages associated with the super-critical fluid chromatography (SFC) technique, a simplified and straightforward method for the chiral separation of optically active amide derivatives from the impurities associated with the reaction mixture, in a single step, was demonstrated. The antimicrobial activity of selected 1-aminoanthracene-9,10-dione carboxamides was studied. Advanced NMR and other spectral techniques were used for the thorough characterization of all the compounds. This study provides a general and simplified method for coupling a weak amine with a sterically hindered acid using COMU as a coupling agent, and demonstrates the separation of optically pure compounds from reaction related impurities in a single step using SFC, and identification of amide derivatives of 1-aminoanthracene-9,10-dione as potential antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiravan Asokan
- Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru-562106, India
- Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu-620020, India
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu-620024, India.
| | - A Zahir Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu-620020, India
| | - Andivelu Ilangovan
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu-620024, India.
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Chemical characterization and microencapsulation of extracellular fungal pigments. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:8021-8034. [PMID: 36370157 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, extracellular colored metabolites obtained from the filamentous fungi Talaromyces australis and Penicillium murcianum, isolated in the Andean-Patagonian native forests of Chile, were studied as prospect compounds to increase the sustainability of cosmetic products. The chemical and antioxidant properties of these natural pigments were characterized and strategies for their microencapsulation were also studied. UHPLC/MS-MS analyses indicated that the predominant metabolites detected in the cultures of P. murcianum were monascin (m/z = 411.15) and monashexenone (m/z = 319.10), while athrorosin H (m/z = 458.20) and damnacanthal (m/z = 281.05) were detected in cultures of T. australis. ORAC tests revealed that P. murcianum's metabolites had the greatest antioxidant properties with values higher than 2000 μmol of trolox equivalents/g. The fungal metabolites were successfully microencapsulated by ionic gelation into structures made of 1.3% sodium alginate, 0.2% chitosan, and 0.07% hyaluronic acid. The microencapsulation process generated structures of 543.57 ± 0.13 µm of mean diameter (d50) with an efficiency of 30% for P. murcianum, and 329.59 ± 0.15 µm of mean diameter (d50) and 40% efficiency, for T. australis. The chemical and biological characterization show the biotechnological potential of these fungal species to obtain pigments with antioxidant activity that could be useful in the cosmetic industry. The encapsulation process enables the production of easy-to-handle dry powder from the fungal metabolites, which could be potentially marketed as a functional cosmetic ingredient. KEY POINTS: • The predominant fungal pigments were of azaphilone and anthraquinoid classes. • The fungal pigments showed high antioxidant activity by ORAC assay. • Fungal pigment microcapsules obtained by ionic gelation were characterized.
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Acute oral toxicity of damnacanthal and its anticancer activity against colorectal tumorigenesis. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1968-1976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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DeiviArunachalam K, Kuruva JK, Pradhoshini KP, Musthafa MS, Faggio C. Antioxidant and antigenotoxic potential of Morinda tinctoria Roxb. leaf extract succeeding cadmium exposure in Asian catfish, Pangasius sutchi. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 249:109149. [PMID: 34352397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the protective effect of methanolic leaf extract of Morinda tinctoria. Roxb (MEMT) (200 mg/kg) via feed in supplementation with standard compound silymarin (400 mg/kg). M. tinctoria (Roxb.) belonging to Rubiaceae, is an evergreen shrub indigenous to unfarmed lands of tropical countries. It is considered as an essential traditional medicine attributing for the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The enhancements of antioxidant and antigenotoxic status in different tissues of cadmium (Cd) intoxicated Pangasius sutchi were evaluated by using various antioxidant assays (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation) in addition to micronuclei (MN), binuclei (BN) and comet assay. The cadmium toxicated fish showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) activities in liver, gills, muscle and kidney whereas significant (p < 0.001) decline were observed in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) contents in all fish tissues. The results also revealed that, Cd exposure induced the formation of genotoxic endpoints like MN, BN, notched nuclei, kidney shaped nuclei and DNA damage in the fish erythrocytes. Maximum of 26.8% MN frequencies and maximum of 66.74% tail DNA damage were observed on the 7th day of Cd exposure. A time-dependent significant increase (p < 0.001) in the frequencies of MN, BN and tail DNA damage were observed in all treated groups against the control which started to decline from 14th day onwards. There was a decline in the LPO content, frequencies of MN, BN and percentage of tail DNA in contrast to significant elevation in SOD and CAT content in all tissues due to the combined treatment of M. tinctoria feed and water borne Cd exposure. It can be concluded from our observations that, supplementation of M. tinctoria leaf extract through feed alone produced enhanced antioxidant and antigenotoxic status in cadmium treated fish by diminishing oxidative stress and genotoxicity effects in a time dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantha DeiviArunachalam
- Center for Environmental and Nuclear Research (CENR), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jaya Krishna Kuruva
- Center for Environmental and Nuclear Research (CENR), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumara Perumal Pradhoshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Anthraquinone: a promising scaffold for the discovery and development of therapeutic agents in cancer therapy. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1037-1069. [PMID: 32349522 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, characterized by uncontrolled malignant neoplasm, is a leading cause of death in both advanced and emerging countries. Although, ample drugs are accessible in the market to intervene with tumor progression, none are totally effective and safe. Natural anthraquinone (AQ) equivalents such as emodin, aloe-emodin, alchemix and many synthetic analogs extend their antitumor activity on different targets including telomerase, topoisomerases, kinases, matrix metalloproteinases, DNA and different phases of cell lines. Nano drug delivery strategies are advanced tools which deliver drugs into tumor cells with minimum drug leakage to normal cells. This review delineates the way AQ derivatives are binding on these targets by abolishing tumor cells to produce anticancer activity and purview of nanoformulations related to AQ analogs.
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Yang F, Su YF, Zhao ZQ, Que M, Li TX, Gao XM. Anthraquinones and Iridoids from Morinda officinalis. Chem Nat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-016-1843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Isolation and characterization of 2-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone from Streptomyces olivochromogenes (ERINLG-261) with antimicrobial and antiproliferative properties. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Garcia-Vilas JA, Medina MA, Melo FR, Pejler G, Garcia-Faroldi G. Damnacanthal inhibits IgE receptor-mediated activation of mast cells. Mol Immunol 2015; 65:86-93. [PMID: 25656801 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Damnacanthal, an anthraquinone obtained from the noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.), has been described to possess anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Since mast cells are key players in various inflammatory conditions as well as in cancer, we considered the possibility that the biological actions of damnacanthal, at least partly, could be due to effects on mast cells. Many of the biological activities of mast cells are mediated by IgE receptor cross-linking, which results in degranulation with release of preformed granule mediators, as well as de novo synthesis and release of additional compounds. Here we show that damnacanthal has profound inhibitory activity on mast cell activation through this pathway. The release of the granule compounds beta-hexosaminidase and tryptase release was completely abrogated by damnacanthal at doses that were non-toxic to mast cells. In addition, damnacanthal inhibited activation-dependent pro-inflammatory gene induction, as well as cytokine/chemokine release in response to mast cell stimulation. The mechanism underlying damnacanthal inhibition was linked to impaired phosphorylation of Syk and Akt. Furthermore, damnacanthal inhibited mast cell activation in response to calcium ionophore A23187. Altogether, the data presented here demonstrate that damnacanthal inhibits mast cell activation induced by different stimuli and open a new window for the use of this compound as a mast cell stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Garcia-Vilas
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga); CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A Medina
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga); CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fabio R Melo
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Uppsala, Sweden; Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gianni Garcia-Faroldi
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Xu K, Wang P, Wang L, Liu C, Xu S, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Li Q, Lei H. Quinone Derivatives from the Genus Rubia
and Their Bioactivities. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:341-63. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Akhtar MN, Zareen S, Yeap SK, Ho WY, Lo KM, Hasan A, Alitheen NB. Total synthesis, cytotoxic effects of damnacanthal, nordamnacanthal and related anthraquinone analogues. Molecules 2013; 18:10042-55. [PMID: 23966087 PMCID: PMC6269871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180810042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring anthraquinones, damnacanthal (1) and nordamnacanthal (2) were synthesized with modified reaction steps and investigated for their cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 and K-562 cancer cell lines, respectively. Intermediate analogues 2-bromomethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (5, IC50 = 5.70 ± 0.21 and 8.50 ± 1.18 mg/mL), 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (6, IC50 = 12.10 ± 0.14 and 14.00 ± 2.13), 2-formyl-1,3-dimethoxyantharquinone (7, IC50 = 13.10 ± 1.02 and 14.80 ± 0.74), 1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylanthraquinone (4, IC50 = 9.40 ± 3.51 and 28.40 ± 2.33), and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (3, IC50 = 25.60 ± 0.42 and 28.40 ± 0.79) also exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and K-562 cancer cell lines, respectively. Other structurally related compounds like 1,3-dihydroxyanthraquinone (13a, IC50 = 19.70 ± 0.35 and 14.50 ± 1.28), 1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (13b, IC50 = 6.50 ± 0.66 and 5.90 ± 0.95) were also showed good cytotoxicity. The target compound damnacanthal (1) was found to be the most cytotoxic against the MCF-7 and K-562 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 3.80 ± 0.57 and 5.50 ± 1.26, respectively. The structures of all compounds were elucidated with the help of detailed spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Seema Zareen
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail: (W.Y.H.)
| | - Kong Mun Lo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (K.M.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Aurangzeb Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (K.M.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; E-Mail:
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Nor SMM, Sukari MAHM, Azziz SSSA, Fah WC, Alimon H, Juhan SF. Synthesis of new cytotoxic aminoanthraquinone derivatives via nucleophilic substitution reactions. Molecules 2013; 18:8046-62. [PMID: 23884135 PMCID: PMC6270256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18078046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoanthraquinones were successfully synthesized via two reaction steps. 1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone (1) was first subjected to methylation, reduction and acylation to give an excellent yield of anthracene-1,4-dione (3), 1,4-dimethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione (5) and 9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-1,4-diyl diacetate (7). Treatment of 1, 3, 5 and 7 with BuNH2 in the presence of PhI(OAc)2 as catalyst produced seven aminoanthraquinone derivatives 1a, b, 3a, and 5a–d. Amination of 3 and 5 afforded three new aminoanthraquinones, namely 2-(butylamino)anthracene-1,4-dione (3a), 2-(butylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione (5a) and 2,3-(dibutylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione (5b). All newly synthesised aminoanthraquinones were examined for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (estrogen receptor positive human breast) and Hep-G2 (human hepatocellular liver carcinoma) cancer cells using MTT assay. Aminoanthraquinones 3a, 5a and 5b exhibited strong cytotoxicity towards both cancer cell lines (IC50 1.1–13.0 µg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Mariam Mohd Nor
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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