1
|
Burke CJ, Samim M, Babb JS, Walter WR. Utility of a 2D kinematic HASTE sequence in magnetic resonance imaging assessment of adjacent segment degeneration following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:1113-1122. [PMID: 37594524 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate a dynamic half-Fourier acquired single turbo spin echo (HASTE) sequence following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) at the junctional level for adjacent segment degeneration comparing dynamic listhesis to radiographs and assessing dynamic cord contact and deformity during flexion-extension METHODS: Patients with ACDF referred for cervical spine MRI underwent a kinematic flexion-extension sagittal 2D HASTE sequence in addition to routine sequences. Images were independently reviewed by three radiologists for static/dynamic listhesis, and compared to flexion-extension radiographs. Blinded assessment of the HASTE sequence was performed for cord contact/deformity between neutral, flexion, and extension, to evaluate concordance between readers and inter-modality agreement. Inter-reader agreement for dynamic listhesis and impingement grade and inter-modality agreement for dynamic listhesis on MRI and radiographs was assessed using the kappa coefficient and percentage concordance. RESULTS A total of 28 patients, mean age 60.2 years, were included. Mean HASTE acquisition time was 42 s. 14.3% demonstrated high grade dynamic stenosis (> grade 4) at the adjacent segment. There was substantial agreement for dynamic cord impingement with 70.2% concordance (kappa = 0.62). Concordance across readers for dynamic listhesis using HASTE was 81.0% (68/84) (kappa = 0.16) compared with 71.4% (60/84) (kappa = 0.40) for radiographs. Inter-modality agreement between flexion-extension radiographs and MRI assessment for dynamic listhesis across the readers was moderate (kappa = 0.41; 95% confidence interval: 0.16 to 0.67). CONCLUSIONS A sagittal flexion-extension HASTE cine sequence provides substantial agreement between readers for dynamic cord deformity and moderate agreement between radiographs and MRI for dynamic listhesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Degeneration of the adjacent segment with instability and myelopathy is one of the most common causes of pain and neurological deterioration requiring re-operation following cervical fusion surgery. KEY POINTS • A real-time kinematic 2D sagittal HASTE flexion-extension sequence can be used to assess for dynamic listhesis, cervical cord, contact and deformity. • The additional kinematic cine sequence was well tolerated and the mean acquisition time for the 2D HASTE sequence was 42 s (range 31-44 s). • A sagittal flexion-extension HASTE cine sequence provides substantial agreement between readers for dynamic cord deformity and moderate agreement between radiographs and MRI for dynamic listhesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Burke
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mohammad Samim
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - James S Babb
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - William R Walter
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Byvaltsev VA, Kalinin AA, Aliyev MA, Riew KD. Postoperative MRI Visualization of the Cervical Spine Following Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: A Prospective Single-Center Comparison of a Titanium and Cobalt-Chromium Prosthesis. Global Spine J 2023; 13:67-73. [PMID: 33504201 PMCID: PMC9837519 DOI: 10.1177/2192568221991105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Prospective non-randomized single-center cohort study. OBJECTIVES To analyze the quality of postoperative magnetic resonance imaging of 2 structurally different cervical disc arthroplasty devices at the index and adjacent levels. METHODS A non-randomized, comparative, prospective, single-center study included 40 patients (23 men and 17 women) aged 32 (26-40) years. Two study groups were utilized: in the first (n = 20), a titanium prosthesis was used; in the second (n = 20), a cobalt-chromium implant was used. Evaluation of MRI studies before and after surgery was performed using sagittal and axial T2 weighted images by 2 specialists who were blinded to the prosthesis that was used. To determine the quality of an MRI image, the classification of Jarvik 2000, the radiological and orthopedic scales for assessing artifacts were used. RESULTS There was good-to-excellent inter-observer agreement for all of the MR parameters used for the titanium and satisfactory-to-good for the cobalt chromium group. The analysis of the quality of postoperative imaging using the Jarvik 2000 scale showed a statistically significant deterioration in MR images in the cobalt chromium group (P < 0.001), compared to the titanium (P = 0.091). Following a single-level total arthroplasty, the titanium group had better MRI images according to radiological and orthopedic scales (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Titanium cervical disc arthroplasty devices result in superior postoperative MR imaging, as compared to cobalt chromium prostheses, as the latter significantly reduces image quality due to the pronounced ferromagnetic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim A. Byvaltsev
- Irkutsk State Medical
University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Railway Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk,
Russia
- Vadim A. Byvaltsev, Irkutsk State Medical
University, Irkutsk, Russia; Railway Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Andrei A. Kalinin
- Irkutsk State Medical
University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Railway Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk,
Russia
| | | | - K. Daniel Riew
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery,
Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Development of Real-Time Kinematic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (kMRI) Techniques for Studying the Kinematics of the Spine and Joints in Dogs-Preliminary Study on Cadavers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202790. [PMID: 36290176 PMCID: PMC9597841 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many orthopedic and neurological pathologic conditions can potentially lead to or be affected by joint instability. Standard magnetic resonance imaging, as a static technique that examine joints and body parts in functional rest, can underestimate or overlook key diagnostic findings. As a result, kinematic magnetic resonance imaging techniques were developed to evaluate joints and body parts under stress and load conditions or during movement. In human medicine, the real-time acquisition technique is one of the modalities for acquiring kinematic magnetic resonance imaging, and has gained popularity in recent years. This proof-of-concept study was designed to test the feasibility of real-time acquisition techniques in veterinary medicine for the first time. Based on the results of this preliminary cadaveric study, real-time kinematic magnetic resonance imaging may be a feasible and valuable procedure to be applied to the canine cervical spine and stifle joints. Moreover, given the ease of execution and the concise duration of acquisitions, it could be applied in a regular standard protocol MRI with little additional effort, risk, and cost. In this proof-of-concept study, a good visualization of the canine cervical spine and stifle joint was achieved, showing the potential of real-time acquisition techniques for clinical and research applications. Abstract Kinematic MRI (kMRI) is a novel human imaging technique that couples the excellent soft tissue contrast and multiplanar capabilities of traditional MRI with kinematic potential. The study’s goals are: (1) testing the feasibility of spinal cord and joints real-time kMRI; and (2) evaluating the quality of these kinematic studies as a new diagnostic option in veterinary medicine. Standard and real-time kinematic MRI were performed on cervical spine, elbow, and stifle joints of seven cadavers. Studies were repeated after a surgical insult aimed to create a certain degree of joint instability. A total of 56 MRI were performed—7 cervical spinal tracts, 3 elbow joints, and 4 stifle joints were examined. The technique was feasible in all the three regions examined. The images were considered of excellent quality for the stifle joint, good to fair for the cervical spine, whereas two of three elbow studies were considered to have unacceptable image quality. Additionally, real-time kMRI provided good to excellent information about stifle instability. Therefore we consider kMRI a promising technique in veterinary medicine. Further studies and an in vivo setting are needed to increase the quality of the kMRI images, and to fully evaluate clinical usefulness.
Collapse
|
4
|
Germann C, Nanz D, Sutter R. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Around Metal at 1.5 Tesla: Techniques From Basic to Advanced and Clinical Impact. Invest Radiol 2021; 56:734-748. [PMID: 34074944 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT During the last decade, metal artifact reduction in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been an area of intensive research and substantial improvement. The demand for an excellent diagnostic MRI scan quality of tissues around metal implants is closely linked to the steadily increasing number of joint arthroplasty (especially knee and hip arthroplasties) and spinal stabilization procedures. Its unmatched soft tissue contrast and cross-sectional nature make MRI a valuable tool in early detection of frequently encountered postoperative complications, such as periprosthetic infection, material wear-induced synovitis, osteolysis, or damage of the soft tissues. However, metal-induced artifacts remain a constant challenge. Successful artifact reduction plays an important role in the diagnostic workup of patients with painful/dysfunctional arthroplasties and helps to improve patient outcome. The artifact severity depends both on the implant and the acquisition technique. The implant's material, in particular its magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity, its size, geometry, and orientation in the MRI magnet are critical. On the acquisition side, the magnetic field strength, the employed imaging pulse sequence, and several acquisition parameters can be optimized. As a rule of thumb, the choice of a 1.5-T over a 3.0-T magnet, a fast spin-echo sequence over a spin-echo or gradient-echo sequence, a high receive bandwidth, a small voxel size, and short tau inversion recovery-based fat suppression can mitigate the impact of metal artifacts on diagnostic image quality. However, successful imaging of large orthopedic implants (eg, arthroplasties) often requires further optimized artifact reduction methods, such as slice encoding for metal artifact correction or multiacquisition variable-resonance image combination. With these tools, MRI at 1.5 T is now widely considered the modality of choice for the clinical evaluation of patients with metal implants.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging of the spine is now clinically feasible due to technological advancements. Its advantages over two-dimensional imaging include higher in-plane spatial resolution and the ability for reformation in any plane that enables time savings in image acquisition and aids more accurate interpretation. Multispectral 3D techniques for imaging around metal are sometimes useful for evaluating anatomy adjacent to spinal fixation hardware. 3D gradient-recalled echo sequences, including ultrashort or zero time to echo sequences, can provide osseous detail similar to conventional computed tomography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Sahr
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Ek Tsoon Tan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Darryl B Sneag
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Taydas O, Ogul H, Gozgec E, Kantarci M. Evaluation of craniocervical pseudomeningoceles with three-dimensional T2-SPACE sequence at 3T. Acta Radiol 2021; 62:80-86. [PMID: 32208742 DOI: 10.1177/0284185120912507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomingocele is a postoperative fluid collection adjacent to the dural membrane. The distinction of pseudomeningocele from other postoperative collections is very important. PURPOSE To show the efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) T2-weighted sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using a different flip-angle evolution (SPACE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence in the diagnosis of pseudomeningocele in which conventional MRI sequences may be insufficient. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 10 patients were included in the study. All of these patients also had 3D T2-SPACE high-resolution volumetric MR image in addition to conventional cervical and cerebral MR sequences. All MR examinations were reviewed by two neuroradiologists. RESULTS Pseudomeningocele neck was shown in six patients by both conventional sequences and SPACE sequence. In two patients, the neck was only shown in the SPACE sequence. Four pseudomeningocele necks were shown to have flow void with both conventional sequences and SPACE sequence. Flow void could only be demonstrated by SPACE sequence in two patients. CONCLUSION A T2-SPACE sequence can show the presence of pseudomeningocele neck and flow void even in cases where conventional MRI cannot show, thus contributing to the diagnosis of pseudomeningocele. Therefore, especially in postoperative imaging, the T2-SPACE sequence may be included in routine sequences to make the differential diagnosis correctly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Taydas
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Hayri Ogul
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Gozgec
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mecit Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Burke CJ, Samim M, Alizai H, Sanchez J, Kingsbury D, Babb JS, Walter WR. Clinical feasibility of 2D dynamic sagittal HASTE flexion-extension imaging of the cervical spine for the assessment of spondylolisthesis and cervical cord impingement. Eur J Radiol 2020; 134:109447. [PMID: 33307460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the utility of a 2D dynamic HASTE sequence in assessment of cervical spine flexion-extension, specifically (1) comparing dynamic spondylolisthesis to radiographs and (2) assessing dynamic contact upon or deformity of the cord. METHODS Patients with a dynamic flexion-extension sagittal 2D HASTE sequence in addition to routine cervical spine sequences were identified. Static and dynamic listhesis was first determined on flexion-extension radiographs reviewed in consensus. Blinded assessment of the dynamic HASTE sequence was independently performed by 2 radiologists for (1) listhesis and translation during flexion-extension and (2) dynamic spinal cord impingement (cord contact or deformity between neutral, flexion and extension). RESULTS 32 scans in 32 patients (9 males, 23 females) met inclusion criteria acquired on 1.5 T (n = 15) and 3 T (n = 17) scanners. The mean acquisition time was 51.8 s (range 20-95 seconds). Dynamic translation was seen in 14 patients on flexion-extension radiographs compared to 12 (reader 1) and 13 (reader 2) patients on HASTE, with 90.6 % agreement (K = 0.83; p = 0.789). In all cases dynamic listhesis was ≤3 mm translation with one patient showing dynamic listhesis in the range 4-6 mm. Four cases (13 %) demonstrated deformity of the cord between flexion-extension, not present in the neutral position. For cord impingement there was strong inter-reader agreement (K = 0.93) and the paired sample Wilcoxon signed rank test found no significant difference between the impingement scores of the two readers (p = 0.787). CONCLUSIONS A sagittal dynamic flexion-extension HASTE sequence provides a rapid addition to standard MRI cervical spine protocols, which may useful for assessment of dynamic spondylolisthesis and cord deformity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Burke
- NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, 301 E 17th St, New York, NY, 10003, United States.
| | - Mohammad Samim
- NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, 301 E 17th St, New York, NY, 10003, United States
| | - Hamza Alizai
- NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, 301 E 17th St, New York, NY, 10003, United States
| | - Julien Sanchez
- NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, 301 E 17th St, New York, NY, 10003, United States
| | - Dallas Kingsbury
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, NYU Langone Orthopedic Center, 333 East 38th Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - James S Babb
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology Biostatistics, 660 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - William R Walter
- NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, 301 E 17th St, New York, NY, 10003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Algin O. Evaluation of hydrocephalus patients with 3D-SPACE technique using variant FA mode at 3T. Acta Neurol Belg 2018; 118:169-178. [PMID: 28952043 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-017-0838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The major advantages of three-dimensional sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts using different flip-angle evolution (3D-SPACE) technique are its high resistance to artifacts that occurs as a result of radiofrequency or static field, the ability of providing images with sub-millimeter voxel size which allows obtaining reformatted images in any plane due to isotropic three-dimensional data with lower specific absorption rate values. That is crucial during examination of cerebrospinal-fluid containing complex structures, and the acquisition time, which is approximately 5 min for scanning of entire cranium. Recent data revealed that T2-weighted (T2W) 3D-SPACE with variant flip-angle mode (VFAM) imaging allows fast and accurate evaluation of the hydrocephalus patients during both pre- and post-operative period for monitoring the treatment. For a better assessment of these patients; radiologists and neurosurgeons should be aware of the details and implications regarding to the 3D-SPACE technique, and they should follow the updates in this field. There could be a misconception about the difference between T2W-VFAM and routine heavily T2W 3D-SPACE images. T2W 3D-SPACE with VFAM imaging is only a subtype of 3D-SPACE technique. In this review, we described the details of T2W 3D-SPACE with VFAM imaging and comprehensively reviewed its recent applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oktay Algin
- Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey.
- National MR Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oshina M, Tanaka M, Oshima Y, Tanaka S, Riew KD. Correlation and differences in cervical sagittal alignment parameters between cervical radiographs and magnetic resonance images. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2018; 27:1408-1415. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-018-5550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
10
|
Karavasilis E, Velonakis G, Argiropoulos G, Athanasakos A, Poulou LS, Toulas P, Kelekis NL, Efstathopoulos EP. Proton Density Fat Suppressed MRI in 3T Increases the Sensitivity of Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Detection in the Cervical Spinal Cord. Clin Neuroradiol 2017; 29:45-50. [PMID: 28951942 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-017-0626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Considering the number of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients referred for clinical spinal cord imaging, the optimization of imaging protocols plays a crucial role. We aimed to evaluate the use of proton density (PD) turbo spin-echo (TSE) with spectral attenuated inversion recovery (SPAIR) fat suppression and compare it with the currently recommended T2-TSE-SPAIR in sagittal plane in cervical spinal cord imaging. METHODS In this study 35 MS patients with clinically suspected or known spinal cord lesions were scanned on a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. In addition to the routine protocol, PD-TSE-SPAIR sequences were obtained to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate lesion detectability and image quality compared to T2-TSE-SPAIR sequences. Quantitative analysis was based on measurements of lesion-to-cord contrast ratio (LCCR), lesion contrast-to-noise ratio (LCNR) and lesion dimensions and the qualitative analysis on ranking with a predetermined score scale. The presence of lesions in these sequences was verified in axial T2 multi-echo gradient echo images. RESULTS In quantitative analysis, the lesions on PD-TSE-SPAIR had statistically significantly higher contrast (p < 0.05), according to the statistical test of LCCR, LCNR calculated contrast and measured lesion dimensions. Qualitative analyses were congruent with quantitative results; the median rank of PD-TSE-SPAIR was significantly higher than T2-TSE-SPAIR (p < 0.05). Of the 34 detected lesions 9 (26%) were not visualized in T2-TSE-SPAIR sequence. CONCLUSION Considering its superiority in contrast ratios and lesion dimensions when compared to T2-TSE-SPAIR in both qualitative and quantitative analyses, we therefore recommend PD-TSE-SPAIR as a pivotal sequence to evaluate demyelinating spinal cord lesions at 3T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efstratios Karavasilis
- Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital 'Attikon', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Velonakis
- Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital 'Attikon', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Argiropoulos
- Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital 'Attikon', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Athanasakos
- Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital 'Attikon', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Loukia S Poulou
- Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital 'Attikon', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Toulas
- Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital 'Attikon', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos L Kelekis
- Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital 'Attikon', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios P Efstathopoulos
- Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital 'Attikon', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jungmann PM, Agten CA, Pfirrmann CW, Sutter R. Advances in MRI around metal. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 46:972-991. [PMID: 28342291 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of orthopedic metal implants is continuously rising in the aging society. Particularly the number of joint replacements is increasing. Although satisfying long-term results are encountered, patients may suffer from complaints or complications during follow-up, and often undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Yet metal implants cause severe artifacts on MRI, resulting in signal-loss, signal-pileup, geometric distortion, and failure of fat suppression. In order to allow for adequate treatment decisions, metal artifact reduction sequences (MARS) are essential for proper radiological evaluation of postoperative findings in these patients. During recent years, developments of musculoskeletal imaging have addressed this particular technical challenge of postoperative MRI around metal. Besides implant material composition, configuration and location, selection of appropriate MRI hardware, sequences, and parameters influence artifact genesis and reduction. Application of dedicated metal artifact reduction techniques including high bandwidth optimization, view angle tilting (VAT), and the multispectral imaging techniques multiacquisition variable-resonance image combination (MAVRIC) and slice-encoding for metal artifact correction (SEMAC) may significantly reduce metal-induced artifacts, although at the expense of signal-to-noise ratio and/or acquisition time. Adding advanced image acquisition techniques such as parallel imaging, partial Fourier transformation, and advanced reconstruction techniques such as compressed sensing further improves MARS imaging in a clinically feasible scan time. This review focuses on current clinically applicable MARS techniques. Understanding of the main principles and techniques including their limitations allows a considerate application of these techniques in clinical practice. Essential orthopedic metal implants and postoperative MR findings around metal are presented and highlighted with clinical examples. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:972-991.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia M Jungmann
- Department of Radiology, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A Agten
- Department of Radiology, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian W Pfirrmann
- Department of Radiology, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Reto Sutter
- Department of Radiology, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fleck SK, Langner S, Rosenstengel C, Kessler R, Matthes M, Müller JU, Langner I, Marx S, Schroeder HWS. 3-Tesla Kinematic MRI of the Cervical Spine for Evaluation of Adjacent Level Disease After Monosegmental Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthroplasty: Results of 2-Year Follow-Up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2017; 42:224-231. [PMID: 28207657 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN We prospectively evaluated adjacent disc levels after anterior cervical discectomy and arthroplasty (ACDA) using kinematic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and plain functional radiographs. OBJECTIVE ACDA is an established treatment for degenerative cervical disc disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of kinematic MRI for assessing the range of motion (ROM) before and after ACDA compared with plain functional radiographs and to evaluate adjacent degenerative disc disease (aDDD) at mid-term follow-up. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Twenty patients (12 females, 8 males; median age 45.6 ± 6.9 yrs) treated by ACDA (BryanDisc; Medtronic, MN) underwent plain functional radiography and kinematic MRI of the cervical spine at 3 T before and 6 and 24 months after surgery. METHODS A sagittal T2-weighted (T2w) 2D turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence and a 3D T2w dataset with secondary axial reconstruction were acquired. Signal intensity of all nonoperated discs was measured in regions of interest (ROI). Disc heights adjacent to the operated segment were measured. ROM was evaluated and compared with plain functional radiographs. Clinical outcome was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) for head, neck and radicular pain, and the neck disability index (NDI). RESULTS Mean ROM of the cervical spine on functional plain radiographs was 21.25 ± 8.19°, 22.29 ± 4.82°, and 26.0 ± 6.9° preoperatively and at 6-month and 24-month follow-up, respectively. Mean ROM at MRI was 27.1 ± 6.78°, 29.45 ± 9.51°, and 31.95 ± 9.58°, respectively. There was a good correlation between both techniques. Follow-up examinations demonstrated no signs of progressive degenerative disc disease of adjacent levels. All patients had clinical improvement up to 24 months after surgery. CONCLUSION After ACDA, kinematic MRI allows evaluation of the ROM with excellent correlation to plain functional radiographs. Mid-term follow-up after ACDA is without evidence of progressive DDD of adjacent segments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen K Fleck
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Soenke Langner
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca Kessler
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marc Matthes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan-Uwe Müller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Inga Langner
- Department of Traumasurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sascha Marx
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry W S Schroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effectiveness of a Rapid Lumbar Spine MRI Protocol Using 3D T2-Weighted SPACE Imaging Versus a Standard Protocol for Evaluation of Degenerative Changes of the Lumbar Spine. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 207:614-20. [PMID: 27275868 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.15.15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reducing lumbar spine MRI scanning time while retaining diagnostic accuracy can benefit patients and reduce health care costs. This study compares the effectiveness of a rapid lumbar MRI protocol using 3D T2-weighted sampling perfection with application-optimized contrast with different flip-angle evolutions (SPACE) sequences with a standard MRI protocol for evaluation of lumbar spondylosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred fifty consecutive unenhanced lumbar MRI examinations performed at 1.5 T were retrospectively reviewed. Full, rapid, and complete versions of each examination were interpreted for spondylotic changes at each lumbar level, including herniations and neural compromise. The full examination consisted of sagittal T1-weighted, T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE), and STIR sequences; and axial T1- and T2-weighted TSE sequences (time, 18 minutes 40 seconds). The rapid examination consisted of sagittal T1- and T2-weighted SPACE sequences, with axial SPACE reformations (time, 8 minutes 46 seconds). The complete examination consisted of the full examination plus the T2-weighted SPACE sequence. Sensitivities and specificities of the full and rapid examinations were calculated using the complete study as the reference standard. RESULTS The rapid and full studies had sensitivities of 76.0% and 69.3%, with specificities of 97.2% and 97.9%, respectively, for all degenerative processes. Rapid and full sensitivities were 68.7% and 66.3% for disk herniation, 85.2% and 81.5% for canal compromise, 82.9% and 69.1% for lateral recess compromise, and 76.9% and 69.7% for foraminal compromise, respectively. CONCLUSION Isotropic SPACE T2-weighted imaging provides high-quality imaging of lumbar spondylosis, with multiplanar reformatting capability. Our SPACE-based rapid protocol had sensitivities and specificities for herniations and neural compromise comparable to those of the protocol without SPACE. This protocol fits within a 15-minute slot, potentially reducing costs and discomfort for a large subgroup of patients.
Collapse
|
14
|
Clinical significance of high intramedullary signal on T2-weighted cervical flexion-extension magnetic resonance imaging in cervical myelopathy. J Orthop Sci 2015; 20:973-7. [PMID: 26243328 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-015-0757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cervical myelopathy, significant findings are seen in flexion-extension MRI due to the increased likelihood of cord compression during neck extension. In addition, a high intramedullary signal on T2-weighted MR images has been reported to be a prognostic factor in this condition. However, the relationship between Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and the signal intensity in preoperative cervical flexion-extension T2-weighted images has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative flexion-extension MRI may be used to predict surgical outcomes in patients with cervical myelopathy. METHODS A total of 121 patients who underwent surgery for cervical myelopathy were included. All patients underwent preoperative cervical flexion-extension MRI followed by cervical decompression surgery, with or without spinal fusion, and postoperative follow-up for at least 2 years. Pre- and postoperative (2 years after surgery) JOA scores were recorded, and the degree of postoperative improvement was calculated. The relationship between intramedullary signal intensity on preoperative cervical dynamic MRI findings and degree of clinical recovery was examined. RESULTS Patients with a high intramedullary signal on the extension MRI had significantly better neurological recovery than those with a high signal on the flexion MRI (p < 0.000005). There was no significant difference in neurological recovery between patients with and without a high intramedullary signal on extension MRI. CONCLUSIONS A preoperative high intramedullary signal on flexion MRI was associated with a poor surgical outcome, while no such association was seen with extension MRI.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. OBJECTIVE To determine best criteria for radiological determination of postoperative subaxial cervical fusion to be applied to current clinical practice and ongoing future research assessing fusion to standardize assessment and improve comparability. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Despite availability of multiple imaging modalities and criteria, there remains no method of determining cervical fusion with absolute certainty, nor clear consensus on specific criteria to be applied. METHODS A systematic search in MEDLINE/Cochrane Collaboration Library (through March 2014). Included studies assessed C2 to C7 via anterior or posterior approach, at 12 weeks or more postoperative, with any graft or implant. Overall body of evidence with respect to 6 posited key questions was determined using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality precepts. RESULTS Of plain radiographical modalities, there is moderate evidence that the interspinous process motion method (<1 mm) is more accurate than the Cobb angle method for assessing anterior cervical fusion. Of the advanced imaging modalities, there is moderate evidence that computed tomography (CT) is more accurate and reliable than magnetic resonance imaging in assessing anterior cervical fusion. There is insufficient evidence regarding the optimal modality and criteria for assessing posterior cervical fusions and insufficient evidence to support a single time point after surgery as being optimal for determining fusion, although some evidence suggest that reliability of radiography and CT improves with increasing time postoperatively. CONCLUSION We recommend using less than 1-mm motion as the initial modality for determining anterior cervical arthrodesis for both clinical and research applications. If further imaging is needed because of indeterminate radiographical evaluation, we recommend CT, which has relatively high accuracy and reliability, but due to greater radiation exposure and cost, it is not routinely suggested. We recommend that plain radiographs also be the initial method of determining posterior cervical fusion but suggest a lower threshold for obtaining CT scans because dynamic radiographs may not be as useful if spinous processes have been removed by laminectomy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lord EL, Alobaidan R, Takahashi S, Cohen JR, Wang CJ, Wang BJ, Wang JC. Kinetic magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine: a review of the literature. Global Spine J 2014; 4:121-8. [PMID: 25054099 PMCID: PMC4078104 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1375563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design Literature review. Objective The purpose of this study is to compile and review the body of literature related to kinetic magnetic resonance imaging (kMRI) of the cervical spine. Methods A review of literature related to kMRI was performed using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Results We included 16 prospective and retrospective studies of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients who underwent kMRI of the cervical spine. Conclusions Data suggest that kMRI is able to provide meaningful information regarding changes in the cervical spine in both normal and pathologic segments. A prospective study comparing magnetic resonance imaging and kMRI is needed to confirm clinically utility of this technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Lord
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States,Address for correspondence Elizabeth L. Lord, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA, CHS 76-14310833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095United States
| | - Raed Alobaidan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Shinji Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeremiah R. Cohen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sundseth J, Jacobsen EA, Kolstad F, Nygaard OP, Zwart JA, Hol PK. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation after implantation of a titanium cervical disc prosthesis: a comparison of 1.5 and 3 Tesla magnet strength. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2013; 22:2296-302. [PMID: 24061966 PMCID: PMC3804698 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-013-2994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cervical disc prostheses induce significant amount of artifact in magnetic resonance imaging which may complicate radiologic follow-up after surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate as to what extent the artifact, induced by the frequently used Discover® cervical disc prosthesis, impedes interpretation of the MR images at operated and adjacent levels in 1.5 and 3 Tesla MR. Methods Ten subsequent patients were investigated in both 1.5 and 3 Tesla MR with standard image sequences one year following anterior cervical discectomy with arthroplasty. Outcome measures Two neuroradiologists evaluated the images by consensus. Emphasis was made on signal changes in medulla at all levels and visualization of root canals at operated and adjacent levels. A “blur artifact ratio” was calculated and defined as the height of the artifact on T1 sagittal images related to the operated level. Results The artifacts induced in 1.5 and 3 Tesla MR were of entirely different character and evaluation of the spinal cord at operated level was impossible in both magnets. Artifacts also made the root canals difficult to assess at operated level and more pronounced in the 3 Tesla MR. At the adjacent levels however, the spinal cord and root canals were completely visualized in all patients. The “blur artifact” induced at operated level was also more pronounced in the 3 Tesla MR. Conclusions The artifact induced by the Discover® titanium disc prosthesis in both 1.5 and 3 Tesla MR, makes interpretation of the spinal cord impossible and visualization of the root canals difficult at operated level. Adjusting the MR sequences to produce the least amount of artifact is important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarle Sundseth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bartlett RJV, Rigby AS, Joseph J, Raman A, Kunnacherry A, Hill CAR. Extension MRI is clinically useful in cervical myelopathy. Neuroradiology 2013; 55:1081-8. [PMID: 23740097 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-013-1208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical spine MRI with the neck in extension has been well described over the last 10 years, but its clinical value remains unknown. METHODS We performed extension imaging in 60 patients in whom the initial neutral study showed borderline cord compression. Images were assessed using a previously validated grading system for cord compression. Multiple linear and area measurements were also obtained. Images were scored blindly and randomly. Inter- and intra-rater variability were determined in a subset of 20 cases. Independent clinical assessment utilised the Ranwat criteria. RESULTS For most parameters inter/intra-observer variance of kappa/ICC > 0.6 was highly satisfactory. Standard MR was poor at discriminating between patients with and without myelopathy (ROC analysis, area under the curve (AUC), 0.52). This was considerably improved with extension imaging (AUC, 0.60), or by using the change in compression score between neutral and extension studies. Most measurements were not helpful; however, the ratio of cord area/CSF area at the level of maximum compression on extended images was the best discriminator (AUC, 0.71), as well as the presence of T2 change in cord substance (AUC, 0.68). CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate added clinical value utilising extension MRI. In this cohort of difficult patients, when there was no T2 signal change in the cord, the presence of clinical myelopathy could only be predicted by utilising the data from extension imaging.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sayit E, Daubs MD, Aghdasi B, Montgomery SR, Inoue H, Wang CJ, Wang BJ, Phan KH, Scott TP. Dynamic changes of the ligamentum flavum in the cervical spine assessed with kinetic magnetic resonance imaging. Global Spine J 2013; 3:69-74. [PMID: 24436854 PMCID: PMC3854599 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1337121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to quantify changes in thickness of the ligamentum flavum (LF) associated with motion of the cervical spine and to compare the thickness of the LF at each cervical level using kinetic magnetic resonance imaging (kMRI). Two hundred fifty-seven symptomatic patients (129 men; 128 women) underwent kMRI in neutral, flexion, and extension positions. Midsagittal images were digitally marked and electronically analyzed by spine surgeons. Thickness of LF in the cervical region from C2-3 to C7-T1 was measured in all three positions. LF at C7-T1 was significantly thicker than C2-3 to C6-7 in neutral, flexion, and extension positions (p < 0.05). LF was significantly thicker in extension than in flexion at C3-4 to C6-7. LF thickness increases with extension and decreases with flexion. LF is uniquely thick at C6-7 and at C7-T1 in the extension position, which may predispose these levels to cord compression syndromes and associated neuropathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Sayit
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - M. D. Daubs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California,Address for correspondence Michael Daubs, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA1250 16th Street, Suite 3145-ESanta Monica, CA 90404
| | - B. Aghdasi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - S. R. Montgomery
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - H. Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - C. J. Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - B. J. Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - K. H. Phan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - T. P. Scott
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|