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Huang S, Liu W, Zhao Q, Chen T, Huang R, Dong L, Nian Z, Yang L. Immunogenic Cell Death-related Signature Evaluates the Tumor Microenvironment and Predicts the Prognosis in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10697-6. [PMID: 38446321 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Current literatures suggest a growing body of evidence highlighting the pivotal role of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) in multiple tumor types. Nevertheless, the potential and mechanisms of ICD in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remain inadequately studied. To address this gap, our current study aims to examine the impact of ICD on DLBCL and identify a corresponding gene signature in DLBC. Using the expression profiles of ICD-associated genes, the gene expression omnibus (GEO) samples were segregated into ICD-high and ICD-low subtypes utilizing non-negative matrix factorization clustering. Next, univariate and LASSO Cox regression analyses were employed to establish the ICD-related gene signature. Subsequently, the CIBERSORT tool, ssGSEA, and ESTIMATE algorithm were utilized to examine the association between the signature and tumor immune microenvironment of DLBC. Finally, the oncoPredict algorithm was implemented to evaluate the drug sensitivity prediction of DLBCL patients. These findings suggest that the immune microenvironment of the ICD-high group with a poor prognosis was significantly suppressed. An 8-gene ICD-related signature was identified and validated to prognosticate and evaluate the tumor immune microenvironment in DLBCL. Similarly, the high-risk group exhibited a worse prognosis compared to the low-risk group, and the immune function was considerably suppressed. Moreover, the results of oncoPredict algorithm indicated that patients in the high-risk group exhibited higher sensitivity to Cisplatin, Cytarabine, Epirubicin, Oxaliplatin, and Vincristine with low IC50. In conclusion, the present study provides novel insights into the role of ICD in DLBCL by identifying a new biomarker for the disease and may have implications for the development of immune-targeted therapies for the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Huang
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuling Zhao
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruyi Huang
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liangliang Dong
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zilin Nian
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Baran O, Akgun MY, Kayhan A, Evran S, Ozbek A, Akyoldas G, Samanci MY, Demirel N, Sonmez D, Serin H, Kocak A, Kemerdere R, Tanriverdi T. The association between calreticulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 expressions with prognostic factors in high-grade gliomas. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:25-32. [PMID: 38554294 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1519_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to present the expressions of Calreticulin (CALR) and Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in high-grade gliomas and to further show the relation between the levels of these molecules and Ki-67 index, presence of Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-1 mutation, and tumor grade. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 43 patients who underwent surgical resection due to high-grade gliomas (HGG) (grades III and IV) were included. The control group comprised 27 people who showed no gross pathology in the brain during the autopsy procedures. Adequately sized tumor samples were removed from each patient during surgery, and cerebral tissues were removed from the control subjects during the autopsy procedures. Each sample was stored at -80°C as rapidly as possible until the enzyme assay. RESULTS Patients with high-grade gliomas showed significantly higher levels of CALR and significantly lower levels of GLP-1 when compared to control subjects (P = 0.001). CALR levels were significantly higher, GLP-1 levels were significantly lower in grade IV gliomas than those in grade III gliomas (P = 0.001). Gliomas with negative IDH-1 mutations had significantly higher CALR expressions and gliomas with positive IDH-1 mutations showed significantly higher GLP-1 expressions (P = 0.01). A positive correlation between Ki-67 and CALR and a negative correlation between Ki-67 and GLP-1 expressions were observed in grade IV gliomas (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that higher CALR and lower GLP-1 expressions are found in HGGs compared to normal cerebral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Baran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Kayhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevket Evran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arif Ozbek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medipol Mega University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goktug Akyoldas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Nail Demirel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Sonmez
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huriye Serin
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Kocak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taksim Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rahsan Kemerdere
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taner Tanriverdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sverchinsky DV, Alhasan BA, Mikeladze MA, Lazarev VF, Kuznetcova LS, Morshneva AV, Nikotina AD, Ziewanah A, Koludarova LV, Starkova TY, Margulis BA, Guzhova IV. Autocrine regulation of tumor cell repopulation by Hsp70-HMGB1 alarmin complex. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:279. [PMID: 37880798 PMCID: PMC10598926 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer recurrence is regulated by a variety of factors, among which is the material of dying tumor cells; it is suggested that remaining after anti-cancer therapy tumor cells receive a signal from proteins called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), one of which is heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). METHODS Two models of tumor repopulation were employed, based on minimal population of cancer cells and application of conditioned medium (CM). To deplete the CMs of Hsp70 affinity chromatography on ATP-agarose and immunoprecipitation were used. Cell proliferation and the dynamics of cell growth were measured using MTT assay and xCELLigence technology; cell growth markers were estimated using qPCR and with the aid of ELISA for prostaglandin E detection. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass-spectrometry was employed to identify Hsp70-binding proteins and protein-protein interaction assays were developed to reveal the above protein complexes. RESULTS It was found that CM of dying tumor cells contains tumor regrowth-initiating factors and the removal of one of them, Hsp70, caused a reduction in the relapse-activating capacity. The pull out of Hsp70 alone using ATP-agarose had no effect on repopulation, while the immunodepletion of Hsp70 dramatically reduced its repopulation activity. Using proteomic and immunochemical approaches, we showed that Hsp70 in conditioned medium binds and binds another abundant alarmin, the High Mobility Group B1 (HMGB1) protein; the complex is formed in tumor cells treated with anti-cancer drugs, persists in the cytosol and is further released from dying tumor cells. Recurrence-activating power of Hsp70-HMGB1 complex was proved by the enhanced expression of proliferation markers, Ki67, Aurka and MCM-10 as well as by increase of prostaglandin E production and autophagy activation. Accordingly, dissociating the complex with Hsp70 chaperone inhibitors significantly inhibited the pro-growth effects of the above complex, in both in vitro and in vivo tumor relapse models. CONCLUSIONS These data led us to suggest that the abundance of the Hsp70-HMGB1 complex in the extracellular matrix may serve as a novel marker of relapse state in cancer patients, while specific targeting of the complex may be promising in the treatment of cancers with a high risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Sverchinsky
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Bashar A Alhasan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Marina A Mikeladze
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Vladimir F Lazarev
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Liubov S Kuznetcova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Alisa V Morshneva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Alina D Nikotina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Amr Ziewanah
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
- University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lidia V Koludarova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, Biocenter 2, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Tatiana Y Starkova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Boris A Margulis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Irina V Guzhova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
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Preet Kaur A, Alice A, Crittenden MR, Gough MJ. The role of dendritic cells in radiation-induced immune responses. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 378:61-104. [PMID: 37438021 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells perform critical functions in bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Their ability to sense adjuvant signals in their environment, migrate on maturation, and cross-present cell-associated antigens enables these cells to carry antigen from tissue sites to lymph nodes, and thereby prime naïve T cells that cannot enter tissues. Despite being an infrequent cell type in tumors, we discuss how dendritic cells impact the immune environment of tumors and their response to cancer therapies. We review how radiation therapy of tumors can impact dendritic cells, through transfer of cell associated antigens to dendritic cells and the release of endogenous adjuvants, resulting in increased antigen presentation in the tumor-draining lymph nodes. We explore how tumor specific factors can result in negative regulation of dendritic cell function in the tumor, and the impact of direct radiation exposure to dendritic cells in the treatment field. These data suggest an important role for dendritic cell subpopulations in activating new T cell responses and boosting existing T cell responses to tumor associated antigens in tumor draining lymph nodes following radiation therapy. It further justifies a focus on the needs of the lymph node T cells to improve systemic anti-immunity following radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Preet Kaur
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Alejandro Alice
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States; The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States.
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Hu Y, Cai J, Ye M, Mou Q, Zhao B, Sun Q, Lou X, Zhang H, Zhao Y. Development and validation of immunogenic cell death-related signature for predicting the prognosis and immune landscape of uveal melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1037128. [PMID: 36466923 PMCID: PMC9709208 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1037128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults, and the main treatment for UM is currently surgery and plaque brachytherapy. UM is highly susceptible to metastasis, which eventually occurs in nearly half of all patients; once metastasis occurs, patients have a poor prognosis and the condition is difficult to treat. Therefore, the identification of new and effective UM biomarkers is vital for the application of therapeutic strategies. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of regulatory cell death that activates adaptive immune responses and generates long-term immunological memory. ICD can promote antitumor immunity, which may be a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for UM. METHODS The data of UM from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used as a training set and the data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used as a validation set. To determine the expression pattern of ICD-related genes in UM, survival analysis and difference analysis was conducted. The ICD-related risk signature was constructed by employing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression. Subsequently, immune profile and somatic mutation analysis were performed. In addition, cell experiments were performed to verify the role of immunogenic cell death-related genes in UM. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed the relationship between ICD-related gene expression and UM patient prognosis, somatic mutations, and the tumor immune microenvironment. Importantly, we constructed a 5-gene ICD-related risk signature and confirmed it as a novel prognostic biomarker in UM patients. We found that the high-risk group had more immune cell infiltration and a worse prognosis than the low-risk group. In cellular experiments, we confirmed the high expression of FOXP3 inMUM2B andOCM-1A cell lines and that knockdown of FOXP3 markedly inhibited the proliferation of UM tumor cells. DISCUSSION ICD-related genes play a critical role in the tumor immune microenvironment. Our results may contribute to the development of effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianxue Mou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bowen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaotong Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Babi A, Menlibayeva K, Bex T, Doskaliev A, Akshulakov S, Shevtsov M. Targeting Heat Shock Proteins in Malignant Brain Tumors: From Basic Research to Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5435. [PMID: 36358853 PMCID: PMC9659111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are conservative and ubiquitous proteins that are expressed both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and play an important role in cellular homeostasis, including the regulation of proteostasis, apoptosis, autophagy, maintenance of signal pathways, protection from various stresses (e.g., hypoxia, ionizing radiation, etc.). Therefore, HSPs are highly expressed in tumor cells, including malignant brain tumors, where they also associate with cancer cell invasion, metastasis, and resistance to radiochemotherapy. In the current review, we aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic values of HSPs expression in CNS malignancies as well as the novel treatment approaches to modulate the chaperone levels through the application of inhibitors (as monotherapy or in combination with other treatment modalities). Indeed, for several proteins (i.e., HSP10, HSPB1, DNAJC10, HSPA7, HSP90), a direct correlation between the protein level expression and poor overall survival prognosis for patients was demonstrated that provides a possibility to employ them as prognostic markers in neuro-oncology. Although small molecular inhibitors for HSPs, particularly for HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 families, were studied in various solid and hematological malignancies demonstrating therapeutic potential, still their potential was not yet fully explored in CNS tumors. Some newly synthesized agents (e.g., HSP40/DNAJ inhibitors) have not yet been evaluated in GBM. Nevertheless, reported preclinical studies provide evidence and rationale for the application of HSPs inhibitors for targeting brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Babi
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Torekhan Bex
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidos Doskaliev
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Serik Akshulakov
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Sun M, Qi S, Wu M, Xia W, Xiong H. Calreticulin as a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrate in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:909556. [PMID: 36338983 PMCID: PMC9633671 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.909556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Calreticulin (CALR) has been investigated in several malignant diseases and is associated with immune-cell infiltration. However, the prognostic value of CALR in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is still unknown. Methods: Based on the computational analysis, data from 530 KIRC cases and 72 normal kidney samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA-KIRC) database were analyzed in this study. The expression of CALR mRNA in pan-cancer and immune infiltrates was analyzed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database. The CALR protein expression was obtained from the UALCAN and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. Survival, functional, and statistical analyses were conducted using R software. Results: The CALR expression was higher in KIRC cases than in normal kidneys. A high CALR expression was correlated with TNM stage, pathological stage, and histological grade. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that a high CALR expression was associated with poor overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free interval. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that CALR was enriched in IL-6 and IL-2 signaling, interferon signaling, TNF signaling, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and the p53 pathway. CALR is correlated with immune-infiltrating cells. A significant correlation was observed between CALR expression and immunomodulators. Conclusion: We identified CALR as a prognostic biomarker of KIRC. Meanwhile, the CALR expression associated with immune infiltration indicated that CALR might be a potential immunotherapy target for patients with KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
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Oltean T, Lippens L, Lemeire K, De Tender C, Vuylsteke M, Denys H, Vandecasteele K, Vandenabeele P, Adjemian S. Association of Cell Death Markers With Tumor Immune Cell Infiltrates After Chemo-Radiation in Cervical Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:892813. [PMID: 35903697 PMCID: PMC9316180 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.892813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Irradiation induces distinct cellular responses such as apoptosis, necroptosis, iron-dependent cell death (a feature of ferroptosis), senescence, and mitotic catastrophe. Several of these outcomes are immunostimulatory and may represent a potential for immunogenic type of cell death (ICD) induced by radiotherapy triggering abscopal effects. The purpose of this study is to determine whether intra-tumoral ICD markers can serve as biomarkers for the prediction of patient's outcomes defined as the metastasis status and survival over a 5-year period. Thirty-eight patients with locally advanced cervical cancer, treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy using cisplatin were included in this study. Pre-treatment tumor biopsy and post-treatment hysterectomy samples were stained for cell death markers and danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs): cleaved caspase-3 (apoptosis), phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (pMLKL; necroptosis), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4; ferroptosis) and 4-hydroxy-2-noneal (4-HNE; ferroptosis), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and calreticulin. Although these markers could not predict the patient's outcome in terms of relapse or survival, many significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration. For instance, inducing ferroptosis post-treatment seems to negatively impact immune cell recruitment. Measuring ICD markers could reflect the impact of treatment on the tumor microenvironment with regard to immune cell recruitment and infiltration. One Sentence Summary Cell death readouts during neoadjuvant chemoradiation in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Oltean
- Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Lippens
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kelly Lemeire
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC) Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline De Tender
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Hannelore Denys
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Vandecasteele
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandy Adjemian
- Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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Dynamics of HMBG1 (High Mobility Group Box 1) during radiochemotherapy correlate with outcome of HNSCC patients. Strahlenther Onkol 2021; 198:194-200. [PMID: 34671818 PMCID: PMC8789630 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-021-01860-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) protein has been described as a consensus marker for immunogenic cell death (ICD) in cancer. To personalize treatments, there is a need for biomarkers to adapt dose prescription, concomitant chemotherapy, and follow-up in radiation oncology. Thus, we investigated the levels of HMGB1 in plasma of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) during the course of radiochemotherapy and follow-up in correlation with oncologic outcome and clinical confounders. Methods In our pilot study, 11 patients with advanced HNSCC were treated with definitive radiochemotherapy. Blood samples were taken weekly during treatment and frequently at follow-up visits. HMGB1 levels as well as routine laboratory values were measured and clinical information was collected including tumor volume, infections, toxicity, and follow-up data. Results In total, 85 samples were analyzed. In eight patients, HMGB1 levels (baseline vs. last available sample during treatment) were increasing and in three patients HMGB1 values were decreasing toward the end of treatment. All three patients with decreasing values developed tumor recurrence. By contrast, no relapse occurred in patients that showed increasing HMGB1 levels during therapy. Moreover, a positive correlation of HMGB1 levels with tumor volumes, C‑reactive protein (CRP) levels, infections, and grade three toxicity (RTOG) was observed. Conclusion HMGB1 might be a promising marker to monitor ICD in HNSCC during the course of radiochemotherapy. However, HMGB1 seems to reflect complex and diverse immunogenic responses and potential confounders. Infections and treatment-associated toxicity should be considered when interpreting the dynamics of HMGB1.
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Targeting FGL2, a molecular drug target for glioblastoma, with natural compounds through virtual screening method. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:805-816. [PMID: 33821685 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibroleukin-2 protein (FGL2) causes redevelopment of brain tumors. Inhibition of these proteins has shown to improve glioblastoma prognosis and treatment efficacy. Aim: The current study gathered recently exploited natural compounds that suppress glioblastoma proliferation in vitro, tested against FGL2 protein. Method: Twenty-five compounds were explored through a virtual screening platform. Results: Three natural compounds (betanine, hesperetin and ovatodiolide) hit the active site of FGL2. Furthermore, the influence of these compounds was also assessed using in silico gene expression, and ADMET tools showed downregulation of some genes, which caused rapid tumor development while possessing a moderate acute toxicity and pharmacokinetic profile. Conclusion: Our study presents three compounds that are good candidates for evaluation in FGL2 mutated glioblastoma animal models.
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11
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Zheng L, Zhou ZR, Shi M, Chen H, Yu QQ, Yang Y, Liu L, Zhang L, Guo Y, Zhou X, Li C, Wei Q. Nomograms for predicting progression-free survival and overall survival after surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy for glioblastoma: a retrospective cohort study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:571. [PMID: 33987269 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. The prognosis of GBM patients is poor. Even with active standard treatment, the median overall survival is only 14.6 months. It is therefore critical to ascertain recurrence and search for factors that influence the prognosis of GBM. This study aimed to screen the variables related to the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of GBM patients undergoing surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy, as well as propose a nomogram for individual risk prediction based on preoperative imaging parameters and clinicopathological variables readily available in clinical practice. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 114 consecutive patients with GBM who underwent surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 1st, 2015, to June 1st, 2018. Twenty-four preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters were extracted manually from the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). Clinicopathological factors were extracted from the electronic medical record system (EMRS). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and Cox regression were used for feature selection and model prediction, respectively. The models were presented using nomograms, which were applied to identify the risk of recurrence and survival according to the score. The performance of the nomograms to predict PFS and OS was tested with C-statistics, calibration plots, and Kaplan-Meier curves. Results The results revealed that sex, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), O6-methylglucamine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) protein expression, number of adjuvant chemotherapy cycles with temozolomide (TMZ), and the MRI signature effectively predicted PFS; and sex, KPS, extent of surgery, number of TMZ cycles, and MRI signature effectively predicted OS. The nomogram revealed good discriminative ability (C-statistics: 0.81 for PFS and 0.79 for OS). In the nomogram of PFS, patients with a score greater than 122 were considered to have a high risk of recurrence. In the nomogram of OS, the cutoff score were 115 and 145, and then patients were classified as low, medium, and high risk. Conclusions In conclusion, our nomograms can effectively predict the risk of recurrence and survival of GBM patients and thus can be a good guide for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhi-Rui Zhou
- Radiation Oncology Center, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghan Shi
- Département de l'éducation aux adultes, Cégep Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Brossard, QC, Canada
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinglu Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Gao XY, Zang J, Zheng MH, Zhang YF, Yue KY, Cao XL, Cao Y, Li XX, Han H, Jiang XF, Liang L. Temozolomide Treatment Induces HMGB1 to Promote the Formation of Glioma Stem Cells via the TLR2/NEAT1/Wnt Pathway in Glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:620883. [PMID: 33614649 PMCID: PMC7891666 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.620883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) is considered as one of the main reasons of temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioma patients. Recent studies have shown that tumor microenvironment-derived signals could promote GSCs formation. But the critical molecule and underlying mechanism for GSCs formation after TMZ treatment is not entirely identified. Our study showed that TMZ treatment promoted GSCs formation by glioma cells; TMZ treatment of biopsy-derived glioblastoma multiforme cells upregulated HMGB1; HMGB1 altered gene expression profile of glioma cells with respect to mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA. Furthermore, our results showed that TMZ-induced HMGB1 increased the formation of GSCs and when HMGB1 was downregulated, TMZ-mediated GSCs formation was attenuated. Finally, we showed that the effect of HMGB1 on glioma cells was mediated by TLR2, which activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote GSCs. Mechanistically, we found that HMGB1 upregulated NEAT1, which was responsible for Wnt/β-catenin activation. In conclusion, TMZ treatment upregulates HMGB1, which promotes the formation of GSCs via the TLR2/NEAT1/Wnt pathway. Blocking HMGB1-mediated GSCs formation could serve as a potential therapeutic target for preventing TMZ resistance in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min-Hua Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang-Yi Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiu-Li Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Alzeibak R, Mishchenko TA, Shilyagina NY, Balalaeva IV, Vedunova MV, Krysko DV. Targeting immunogenic cancer cell death by photodynamic therapy: past, present and future. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001926. [PMID: 33431631 PMCID: PMC7802670 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed major breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy. This development has been largely motivated by cancer cell evasion of immunological control and consequent tumor resistance to conventional therapies. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is considered one of the most promising ways to achieve total tumor cell elimination. It activates the T-cell adaptive immune response and results in the formation of long-term immunological memory. ICD can be triggered by many anticancer treatment modalities, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this review, we first discuss the role of PDT based on several classes of photosensitizers, including porphyrins and non-porphyrins, and critically evaluate their potential role in ICD induction. We emphasize the emerging trend of ICD induction by PDT in combination with nanotechnology, which represents third-generation photosensitizers and involves targeted induction of ICD by PDT. However, PDT also has some limitations, including the reduced efficiency of ICD induction in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we critically evaluate strategies for overcoming this limitation, which is essential for increasing PDT efficiency. In the final part, we suggest several areas for future research for personalized cancer immunotherapy, including strategies based on oxygen-boosted PDT and nanoparticles. In conclusion, the insights from the last several years increasingly support the idea that PDT is a powerful strategy for inducing ICD in experimental cancer therapy. However, most studies have focused on mouse models, but it is necessary to validate this strategy in clinical settings, which will be a challenging research area in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Alzeibak
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana A Mishchenko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Y Shilyagina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory (CDIT), Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein involved in a spectrum of cellular processes. In healthy cells, CALR operates as a chaperone and Ca2+ buffer to assist correct protein folding within the ER. Besides favoring the maintenance of cellular proteostasis, these cell-intrinsic CALR functions support Ca2+-dependent processes, such as adhesion and integrin signaling, and ensure normal antigen presentation on MHC Class I molecules. Moreover, cancer cells succumbing to immunogenic cell death (ICD) expose CALR on their surface, which promotes the uptake of cell corpses by professional phagocytes and ultimately supports the initiation of anticancer immunity. Thus, loss-of-function CALR mutations promote oncogenesis not only as they impair cellular homeostasis in healthy cells, but also as they compromise natural and therapy-driven immunosurveillance. However, the prognostic impact of total or membrane-exposed CALR levels appears to vary considerably with cancer type. For instance, while genetic CALR defects promote pre-neoplastic myeloproliferation, patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms bearing CALR mutations often experience improved overall survival as compared to patients bearing wild-type CALR. Here, we discuss the context-dependent impact of CALR on malignant transformation, tumor progression and response to cancer therapy.
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15
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Kasikova L, Hensler M, Truxova I, Skapa P, Laco J, Belicova L, Praznovec I, Vosahlikova S, Halaska MJ, Brtnicky T, Rob L, Presl J, Kostun J, Cremer I, Ryska A, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Spisek R, Fucikova J. Calreticulin exposure correlates with robust adaptive antitumor immunity and favorable prognosis in ovarian carcinoma patients. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:312. [PMID: 31747968 PMCID: PMC6868694 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvanticity, which is the ability of neoplastic cells to deliver danger signals, is critical for the host immune system to mount spontaneous and therapy-driven anticancer immune responses. One of such signals, i.e., the exposure of calreticulin (CALR) on the membrane of malignant cells experiencing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, is well known for its role in the activation of immune responses to dying cancer cells. However, the potential impact of CALR on the immune contexture of primary and metastatic high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) and its prognostic value for patients with HGSC remains unclear. METHOD We harnessed a retrospective cohort of primary (no = 152) and metastatic (no = 74) tumor samples from HGSC patients to investigate the CALR expression in relation with prognosis and function orientation of the tumor microenvironment. IHC data were complemented with transcriptomic and functional studies on second prospective cohort of freshly resected HGSC samples. In silico analysis of publicly available RNA expression data from 302 HGSC samples was used as a confirmatory approach. RESULTS We demonstrate that CALR exposure on the surface of primary and metastatic HGSC cells is driven by a chemotherapy-independent ER stress response and culminates with the establishment of a local immune contexture characterized by TH1 polarization and cytotoxic activity that enables superior clinical benefits. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that CALR levels in primary and metastatic HGSC samples have robust prognostic value linked to the activation of clinically-relevant innate and adaptive anticancer immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kasikova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Iva Truxova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skapa
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ivan Praznovec
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Michael J Halaska
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Brtnicky
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Rob
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Presl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kostun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, INSERM, U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Paris, France
| | - Ales Ryska
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Paris, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Radek Spisek
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic.
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Cytosolic Hsp70 as a biomarker to predict clinical outcome in patients with glioblastoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221502. [PMID: 31430337 PMCID: PMC6701831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The major stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is induced after different stress stimuli. In tumors, elevated intracellular Hsp70 levels were associated on the one hand with radio- and chemotherapy resistance and on the other hand with a favorable outcome for patients. This study was undertaken to investigate cytosolic Hsp70 (cHsp70) as a potential biomarker for progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with primary glioblastomas (GBM). METHODS The cHsp70 expression in tumor tissue of 60 patients diagnosed with primary GBM was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The cHsp70 expression was correlated to the PFS and OS of the patients. RESULTS A high cHsp70 expression was associated with a prolonged PFS (hazard ratio = 0.374, p = 0.001) and OS (hazard ratio = 0.416, p = 0.014) in GBM patients treated according to the standard Stupp protocol with surgery, radiotherapy and temozolomide. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the intracellular Hsp70 expression might serve as a prognostic marker in patients with primary GBM.
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17
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Side-by-side comparison of flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry for detection of calreticulin exposure in the course of immunogenic cell death. Methods Enzymol 2019; 632:15-25. [PMID: 32000894 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD), a functionally peculiar type of apoptosis, represents a unique way to deliver danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to the tumor microenvironment. Once emitted by dying cancer cells, DAMPs orchestrate antigen-specific immune responses by acting on both innate and adaptive components of the immune system. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that one of these DAMPs, calreticulin (CALR) represents a novel powerful prognostic biomarker, reflecting the activation of a clinically relevant anticancer immune response in different cancer malignancies. Therefore, the assessment of CALR emission can provide a therapeutic tool for the stratification of cancer patients and the identification of individuals that are intrinsically capable to respond to a particular treatment. Here we describe methods for the quantification of CALR exposure in the tumor microenvironment of cancer patients by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.
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18
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Chatzikonstantinou G, Zamboglou N, Archavlis E, Strouthos I, Zoga E, Milickovic N, Hilaris B, Baltas D, Rödel C, Tselis N. CT-guided interstitial HDR-brachytherapy for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: a 20-year single-institute experience. Strahlenther Onkol 2018; 194:1171-1179. [PMID: 30203110 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-018-1358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report our results of computed tomography-guided interstitial high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BRT) in the treatment of patients with recurrent inoperable glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1995 and 2014, 135 patients were treated with interstitial HDR BRT for inoperable recurrent GBM located within previously irradiated volumes. Patient's median age was 57.1 years (14-82 years). All patients were pretreated with surgery, postoperative external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and systemic chemotherapy (ChT). The median recurrent tumor volume was 42 cm3 (2-207 cm3). The prescribed HDR dose was median 40 Gy (30-50 Gy) delivered in twice-daily fractions of 5.0 Gy over consecutive days. No repeat surgery or ChT was administered in conjunction with BRT. Survival from BRT, progression-free survival (PFS), toxicity as well as the impact of several prognostic factors were evaluated. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 9.2 months, the median overall survival following BRT and the median PFS were 9.2 and 4.6 months, respectively. Of the prognostic variables evaluated in univariate analysis, extent of surgery at initial diagnosis, tumor volume at recurrence, as well as time from EBRT to BRT reached statistical significance, retained also in multivariate analysis. Eight patients (5.9%) developed treatment-associated complications including intracerebral bleeding in 4 patients (2.9%), symptomatic focal radionecrosis in 3 patients (2.2%), and severe convulsion in 1 patient (0.7%). CONCLUSIONS For patients with recurrent GBM, interstitial HDR BRT is an effective re-irradiation method for even larger tumors providing palliation without excessive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Chatzikonstantinou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Nikolaos Zamboglou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Oncology Center, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Eleftherios Archavlis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Iosif Strouthos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Eleni Zoga
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Offenbach Hospital, Offenbach am Main, Germany
| | - Natasha Milickovic
- Division of Medical Physics and Engineering, Offenbach Hospital, Offenbach am Main, Germany
| | - Basil Hilaris
- Department of Radiation Medicine, New York Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dimos Baltas
- Division of Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Claus Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Tselis
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Averbeck D, Salomaa S, Bouffler S, Ottolenghi A, Smyth V, Sabatier L. Progress in low dose health risk research. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 776:46-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Zhang L, Zhao H, Cui Z, Lv Y, Zhang W, Ma X, Zhang J, Sun B, Zhou D, Yuan L. A peptide derived from apoptin inhibits glioma growth. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31119-31132. [PMID: 28415709 PMCID: PMC5458194 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with poor prognosis due to its resistance to surgery, irradiation, and conventional chemotherapy. Thus, efficient therapeutic approaches for the treatment of GBM are urgently needed. HSP70 is an antiapoptotic protein that participates in the inhibition of both mitochondrial and membrane receptor apoptosis pathways and is highly expressed in glioma tissues. Here, we investigated a derivative of apoptin; specifically, a chicken anemia viral protein with selective toxicity toward cancer cells that can inhibit hyperactive molecules, including HSP70. Our earlier studies demonstrated that apoptin directly binds to the promoter of HSP70 and inhibits HSP70 transcription, which contributes to HSP70 downregulation. This study provides the first demonstration of the therapeutic potential of an apoptin-derived peptide for the treatment of GBM by identifying the minimal region of the apoptin domain required for interaction with the heat-shock element (HSE). This apoptin-derived peptide (ADP) inhibits glioma cell proliferation and tumor growth as well as exhibits an increased ability to promote apoptosis in GBM cells compared with rapamycin and temozolomide. ADP treatment inhibited xenograft tumor growth and increased the overall health and survival of nude mice implanted with GBM cells. These effects were measured in tumors obtained from cell lines and were observed in both intracranial and subcutaneous xenografts. In conclusion, we provide the first demonstration that ADP has therapeutic potential for the treatment of human GBM. Specifically, this study suggests that ADP is a potent candidate for drug development based on its favorable toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles as well as its time- and cost-saving benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiu Zhang
- Teaching Experiment Center of Biotechnology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Hengyu Zhao
- Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqi Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Yueshan Lv
- Department of Immunology, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Beijing Sun Palace Community Health Center, P.R. China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Banghao Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Danyang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, Daqing, P.R. China
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Rückert M, Deloch L, Fietkau R, Frey B, Hecht M, Gaipl US. Immune modulatory effects of radiotherapy as basis for well-reasoned radioimmunotherapies. Strahlenther Onkol 2018; 194:509-519. [PMID: 29500551 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-018-1287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy (RT) has been known for decades as a local treatment modality for malign and benign disease. In order to efficiently exploit the therapeutic potential of RT, an understanding of the immune modulatory properties of ionizing radiation is mandatory. These should be used for improvement of radioimmunotherapies for cancer in particular. METHODS We here summarize the latest research and review articles about immune modulatory properties of RT, with focus on radiation dose and on combination of RT with selected immunotherapies. Based on the knowledge of the manifold immune mechanisms that are triggered by RT, thought-provoking impulse for multimodal radioimmunotherapies is provided. RESULTS It has become obvious that ionizing radiation induces various forms of cell death and associated processes via DNA damage initiation and triggering of cellular stress responses. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is of special interest since it activates the immune system via release of danger signals and via direct activation of immune cells. While RT with higher single doses in particular induces ICD, RT with a lower dose is mainly responsible for immune cell recruitment and for attenuation of an existing inflammation. The counteracting immunosuppression emanating from tumor cells can be overcome by combining RT with selected immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibition, TGF-β inhibitors, and boosting of immunity with vaccination. CONCLUSION In order to exploit the full power of RT and thereby develop efficient radioimmunotherapies, the dose per fraction used in RT protocols, the fractionation, the quality, and the quantity of certain immunotherapies need to be qualitatively and chronologically well-matched to the individual immune status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rückert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Deloch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Peeken JC, Hesse J, Haller B, Kessel KA, Nüsslin F, Combs SE. Semantic imaging features predict disease progression and survival in glioblastoma multiforme patients. Strahlenther Onkol 2018; 194:580-590. [PMID: 29442128 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-018-1276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For glioblastoma (GBM), multiple prognostic factors have been identified. Semantic imaging features were shown to be predictive for survival prediction. No similar data have been generated for the prediction of progression. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of the semantic visually accessable REMBRANDT [repository for molecular brain neoplasia data] images (VASARI) imaging feature set for progression and survival, and the creation of joint prognostic models in combination with clinical and pathological information. METHODS 189 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Age, Karnofsky performance status, gender, and MGMT promoter methylation and IDH mutation status were assessed. VASARI features were determined on pre- and postoperative MRIs. Predictive potential was assessed with univariate analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Following variable selection and resampling, multivariate Cox regression models were created. Predictive performance was tested on patient test sets and compared between groups. The frequency of selection for single variables and variable pairs was determined. RESULTS For progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), univariate significant associations were shown for 9 and 10 VASARI features, respectively. Multivariate models yielded concordance indices significantly different from random for the clinical, imaging, combined, and combined + MGMT models of 0.657, 0.636, 0.694, and 0.716 for OS, and 0.602, 0.604, 0.633, and 0.643 for PFS. "Multilocality," "deep white-matter invasion," "satellites," and "ependymal invasion" were over proportionally selected for multivariate model generation, underlining their importance. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a predictive value of several qualitative imaging features for progression and survival. The performance of prognostic models was increased by combining clinical, pathological, and imaging features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Peeken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany. .,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Josefine Hesse
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institut for Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin A Kessel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Institut for Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fridtjof Nüsslin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
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Fucikova J, Kasikova L, Truxova I, Laco J, Skapa P, Ryska A, Spisek R. Relevance of the chaperone-like protein calreticulin for the biological behavior and clinical outcome of cancer. Immunol Lett 2017; 193:25-34. [PMID: 29175313 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The death of cancer cells can be categorized as either immunogenic (ICD) or nonimmunogenic, depending on the initiating stimulus. The immunogenic processes of immunogenic cell death are mainly mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which include surface exposure of calreticulin (CRT), secretion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), release of non-histone chromatin protein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and the production of type I interferons (IFNs). DAMPs are recognized by various receptors that are expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and potentiate the presentation of tumor antigens to T lymphocytes. Accumulating evidence indicates that CRT exposure constitutes one of the major checkpoints, that determines the immunogenicity of cell death both in vitro and in vivo in mouse models. Moreover, recent studies have identified CRT expression on tumor cells not only as a marker of ICD and active anti-tumor immune reactions but also as a major predictor of a better prognosis in various cancers. Here, we discuss the recent information on the CRT capacity to activate anticancer immune response as well as its prognostic and predictive role for the clinical outcome in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Fucikova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kasikova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Truxova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skapa
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Ryska
- Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Malignant brain tumors represent one of the most devastating forms of cancer with abject survival rates that have not changed in the past 60years. This is partly because the brain is a critical organ, and poses unique anatomical, physiological, and immunological barriers. The unique interplay of these barriers also provides an opportunity for creative engineering solutions. Cancer immunotherapy, a means of harnessing the host immune system for anti-tumor efficacy, is becoming a standard approach for treating many cancers. However, its use in brain tumors is not widespread. This review discusses the current approaches, and hurdles to these approaches in treating brain tumors, with a focus on immunotherapies. We identify critical barriers to immunoengineering brain tumor therapies and discuss possible solutions to these challenges.
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25
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Derer A, Spiljar M, Bäumler M, Hecht M, Fietkau R, Frey B, Gaipl US. Chemoradiation Increases PD-L1 Expression in Certain Melanoma and Glioblastoma Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:610. [PMID: 28066420 PMCID: PMC5177615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy approaches currently make their way into the clinics to improve the outcome of standard radiochemotherapy (RCT). The programed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) is one possible target that, upon blockade, allows T cell-dependent antitumor immune responses to be executed. To date, it is unclear which RCT protocol and which fractionation scheme leads to increased PD-L1 expression and thereby renders blockade of this immune suppressive pathway reasonable. We therefore investigated the impact of radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT), and RCT on PD-L1 surface expression on tumor cells of tumor entities with differing somatic mutation prevalence. Murine melanoma (B16-F10), glioblastoma (GL261-luc2), and colorectal (CT26) tumor cells were treated with dacarbazine, temozolomide, and a combination of irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and fluorouracil, respectively. Additionally, they were irradiated with a single dose [10 Gray (Gy)] or hypo-fractionated (2 × 5 Gy), respectively, norm-fractionated (5 × 2 Gy) radiation protocols were used. PD-L1 surface and intracellular interferon (IFN)-gamma expression was measured by flow cytometry, and IL-6 release was determined by ELISA. Furthermore, tumor cell death was monitored by AnnexinV-FITC/7-AAD staining. For first in vivo analyses, the B16-F10 mouse melanoma model was chosen. In B16-F10 and GL261-luc2 cells, particularly norm-fractionated and hypo-fractionated radiation led to a significant increase of surface PD-L1, which could not be observed in CT26 cells. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression is more pronounced on vital tumor cells and goes along with increased levels of IFN-gamma in the tumor cells. In melanoma cells CT was the main trigger for IL-6 release, while in glioblastoma cells it was norm-fractionated RT. In vivo, fractionated RT only in combination with dacarbazine induced PD-L1 expression on melanoma cells. Our results suggest a tumor cell-mediated upregulation of PD-L1 expression following in particular chemoradiation that is not only dependent on the somatic mutation prevalence of the tumor entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Derer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Martina Spiljar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Monika Bäumler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
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Development of a Modular Assay for Detailed Immunophenotyping of Peripheral Human Whole Blood Samples by Multicolor Flow Cytometry. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081316. [PMID: 27529227 PMCID: PMC5000713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of immune cells gained great significance in prognosis and prediction of therapy responses. For analyzing blood samples, the multicolor flow cytometry has become the method of choice as it combines high specificity on single cell level with multiple parameters and high throughput. Here, we present a modular assay for the detailed immunophenotyping of blood (DIoB) that was optimized for an easy and direct application in whole blood samples. The DIoB assay characterizes 34 immune cell subsets that circulate the peripheral blood including all major immune cells such as T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. In addition, it evaluates their functional state and a few non-leukocytes that also have been associated with the outcome of cancer therapy. This DIoB assay allows a longitudinal and close-meshed monitoring of a detailed immune status in patients requiring only 2.0 mL of peripheral blood and it is not restricted to peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It is currently applied for the immune monitoring of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (IMMO-GLIO-01 trial, NCT02022384), pancreatic cancer (CONKO-007 trial, NCT01827553), and head and neck cancer (DIREKHT trial, NCT02528955) and might pave the way for immune biomarker identification for prediction and prognosis of therapy outcome.
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27
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Hartmann J, Wölfelschneider J, Stache C, Buslei R, Derer A, Schwarz M, Bäuerle T, Fietkau R, Gaipl US, Bert C, Hölsken A, Frey B. Novel technique for high-precision stereotactic irradiation of mouse brains. Strahlenther Onkol 2016; 192:806-814. [PMID: 27402389 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-016-1014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Small animal irradiation systems were developed for preclinical evaluation of tumor therapy closely resembling the clinical situation. Mostly only clinical LINACs are available, so protocols for small animal partial body irradiation using a conventional clinical system are essential. This study defines a protocol for conformal brain tumor irradiations in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS CT and MRI images were used to demarcate the target volume and organs at risk. Three 6 MV photon beams were planned for a total dose of 10 fractions of 1.8 Gy. The mouse position in a dedicated applicator was verified by an X‑ray patient positioning system before each irradiation. Dosimetric verifications (using ionization chambers and films) were performed. Irradiation-induced DNA damage was analyzed to verify the treatment effects on the cellular level. RESULTS The defined treatment protocol and the applied fractionation scheme were feasible. The in-house developed applicator was suitable for individual positioning at submillimeter accuracy of anesthetized mice during irradiation, altogether performed in less than 10 min. All mice tolerated the treatment well. Measured dose values perfectly matched the nominal values from treatment planning. Cellular response was restricted to the target volume. CONCLUSION Clinical LINAC-based irradiations of mice offer the potential to treat orthotopic tumors conformably. Especially with respect to lateral penumbra, dedicated small animal irradiation systems exceed the clinical LINAC solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hartmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Wölfelschneider
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Stache
- Institute of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Buslei
- Institute of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Derer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Schwarz
- Institute of Radiology, Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen (PIPE), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen (PIPE), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - U S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Bert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - A Hölsken
- Institute of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Leitzen C, Wilhelm-Buchstab T, Schmeel LC, Garbe S, Greschus S, Müdder T, Oberste-Beulmann S, Simon B, Schild HH, Schüller H. MRI during radiotherapy of glioblastoma : Does MRI allow for prognostic stratification? Strahlenther Onkol 2016; 192:481-8. [PMID: 27259515 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-016-0983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a predictor for the clinical course in patients with glioblastoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 64 patients with glioblastoma undergoing (chemo)radiotherapy MRI studies were obtained before radiation, after 30 gray (Gy), after 60 Gy and during follow-up. MRI findings were assigned to categories: definite progression, questionable progression, no change. Patients were followed clinically. RESULTS At 30 Gy, 23 of 64 patients (36 %) demonstrated definite (dp; n = 15) or questionable (qp; n = 8) progression; in 41/64 (64 %) no change was found compared with preradiation MRI. After radiotherapy at 60 Gy, 26 of 64 (41 %) patients showed dp (n = 18) or qp (n = 8). In 2 cases with qp at the 30 Gy MRI, progress was unquestionable in the 60 Gy MRI study. In the 64 patients, 5 of the 60 Gy MRIs showed dp/qp after being classified as no change at the 30 Gy MRI, 2 of the 30 Gy MRIs showed qp, while the 60 Gy MRI showed tumour regression and 3 fulfilled the criteria for pseudoprogression during ongoing radiotherapy. The 30 Gy study allowed for prognostic stratification: dp/qp compared to stable patients showed median survival of 10.5 versus 20 months. CONCLUSION MR follow-up after 30 Gy in patients undergoing (chemo)radiotherapy for glioblastoma allows prognostic appraisal. Pseudoprogression has to be taken into account, though rare in our setting. Based on these findings, early discussion of treatment modification is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leitzen
- Radiologische Klinik, FE Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinik Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
| | - T Wilhelm-Buchstab
- Radiologische Klinik, FE Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinik Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - L C Schmeel
- Radiologische Klinik, FE Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinik Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Garbe
- Radiologische Klinik, FE Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinik Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Greschus
- Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinik Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Müdder
- Radiologische Klinik, FE Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinik Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Oberste-Beulmann
- Radiologische Klinik, FE Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinik Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - B Simon
- Radiologische Klinik, FE Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinik Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - H H Schild
- Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinik Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Schüller
- Radiologische Klinik, FE Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinik Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
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Cohen-Inbar O, Xu Z, Sheehan JP. Focused ultrasound-aided immunomodulation in glioblastoma multiforme: a therapeutic concept. J Ther Ultrasound 2016; 4:2. [PMID: 26807257 PMCID: PMC4722768 DOI: 10.1186/s40349-016-0046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) exhibit a deficient anti-tumor immune response. Both arms of the immune system were shown to be hampered in GBM, namely the local cellular immunity mediated by the Th1 subset of helper T cells and the systemic humoral immunity mediated by the Th2 subset of helper T cells. Immunotherapy is rapidly becoming one of the pillars of anti-cancer therapy. GBM has not received similar clinical successes as of yet, which may be attributed to its relative inaccessibility (the blood-brain barrier (BBB)), its poor immunogenicity, few characterized cancer antigens, or any of the many other immune mechanisms known to be hampered. Focused ultrasound (FUS) is emerging as a promising treatment approach. The effects of FUS on the tissue are not merely thermal. Mounting evidence suggests that in addition to thermal ablation, FUS induces mechanical acoustic cavitation and immunomodulation plays a key role in boosting the host anti-tumor immune responses. We separately discuss the different pertinent immunosuppressive mechanisms harnessed by GBM and the immunomodulatory effects of FUS. The effect of FUS and microbubbles in disrupting the BBB and introducing antigens and drugs to the tumor milieu is discussed. The FUS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and stress response, the FUS-induced change in the intra-tumoral immune-cells populations, the FUS-induced augmentation of dendritic cells activity, and the FUS-induced increased cytotoxic cells potency are all discussed. We next attempt at offering a conceptual synopsis of the synergistic treatment of GBM utilizing FUS and immunotherapy. In conclusion, it is increasingly apparent that no single treatment modality will triumph on GBM. The reviewed FUS-induced immunomodulation effects can be harnessed to current and developing immunotherapy approaches. Together, these may overcome GBM-induced immune-evasion and generate a clinically relevant anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Cohen-Inbar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA ; Molecular Immunology & Tumor Immunotherapy Laboratory, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
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