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Krüger K, Lapstich AM, Reber KC, Sehlen S, Liersch S, Krauth C. Determinants for participation in a prevention and early detection programme for children and adolescents in Germany: does social background play a role? Arch Public Health 2023; 81:163. [PMID: 37644482 PMCID: PMC10463933 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection examinations and prevention are particularly important in childhood and adolescence, as certain diseases are already developing and health-related attitudes and behaviour patterns are formed and implemented. Despite the importance of screening and prevention, not all families use the available services and programmes. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with participation in an early detection and prevention programme for children and adolescents, as well as factors associated with actual uptake of an examination. The analyses are based on questionnaire data of an online survey of participants and non-participants. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression models are conducted on a defined sample (n = 1,289). The results show that both groups differ with regard to several factors: age, chronic diseases, federal state, living space, number of siblings, country of birth, migration background, language spoken at home, mother's occupational status, household income, treatment duration, and trust in treating physician. Regression I shows that participation in the programme is significantly associated with higher age, language spoken at home, mother's occupational status and greater trust in the treating physician. The latter demonstrates the highest predictive power. Regression II indicates that the actual uptake of an examination among participants is significantly affected by age, federal state and father's occupational status. Overall, the results of this study show that social background partly plays a role in participation, but that factors such as trust in the treating physician also have a significant impact. For the future, further research on the factors influencing participation in screening and prevention services or programmes for children and adolescents is important in order to develop strategies to overcome existing barriers and thus reach groups that have not been reached yet. In this context, trust in the treating physician and his or her influence on decision-making should in particular be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Krüger
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany.
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Otto-Brenner-Straße 7, 30159, Hanover, Germany.
| | - Anne-Marie Lapstich
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Otto-Brenner-Straße 7, 30159, Hanover, Germany
| | - Katrin Christiane Reber
- AOK Nordost. Die Gesundheitskasse, Health Services Management, Wilhelmstr. 1, 10963, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Sehlen
- AOK Nordost. Die Gesundheitskasse, Health Services Management, Wilhelmstr. 1, 10963, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Liersch
- AOK Nordost. Die Gesundheitskasse, Health Services Management, Wilhelmstr. 1, 10963, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Krauth
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Otto-Brenner-Straße 7, 30159, Hanover, Germany
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Mayer A, Herr RM, Klein T, Wiedemann E, Diehl K, Hoffmann S, Blume M, Jepsen D, Sundmacher L, Andreas M, Schneider S. Socio-economic inequalities in body mass index among preschool children: do sports programs in early childhood education and care centers make a difference? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1079871. [PMID: 37427257 PMCID: PMC10325856 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1079871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight in childhood is considered to be one of the most serious public health challenges. Many studies have investigated individual-level determinants of children's body mass index (BMI), yet studies exploring determinants at the meso-level are sparse. The aim of our study was to examine how a sports focus at early childhood education and care (ECEC) centers moderates the effect of parental socio-economic position (SEP) on children's BMI. Methods We used data from the German National Educational Panel Study and included 1,891 children (955 boys and 936 girls) from 224 ECEC centers in our analysis. Linear multilevel regressions were used to estimate the main effects of family SEP and the ECEC center sports focus, as well as their interaction, on children's BMI. All analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, migration background, number of siblings, and employment status of parents. Results Our analysis confirmed the wellknown health inequalities in childhood overweight with a social gradient toward a higher BMI for children from lower SEP families. An interactive effect between family SEP and ECEC center sports focus was found. Boys with low family SEP not attending a sports-focused ECEC center had the highest BMI among all boys. In contrast, boys with low family SEP attending a sports-focused ECEC center had the lowest BMI. For girls, no association regarding ECEC center focus or interactive effects emerged. Girls with a high SEP had the lowest BMI, independent of the ECEC center focus. Conclusion We provided evidence for the gender-specific relevance of sports-focused ECEC centers for the prevention of overweight. Especially boys from low SEP families benefited from a sports focus, whereas for girls the family's SEP was more relevant. As a consequence, gender differences in determinants for BMI at different levels and their interaction should be considered in further research and preventive measures. Our research indicates that ECEC centers may decrease health inequalities by providing opportunities for physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Mayer
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Raphael M. Herr
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Max-Weber-Institute of Sociology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Wiedemann
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Diehl
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoffmann
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Blume
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Jepsen
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Leonie Sundmacher
- Chair of Health Economics, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Marike Andreas
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Santos-Hövener C, Kuntz B, Frank L, Koschollek C, Ellert U, Hölling H, Thamm R, Schienkiewitz A, Lampert T. Zur gesundheitlichen Lage von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 62:1253-1262. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-019-03012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Besser A, Döhnert M, Stadelmann S. [Various socioeconomic factors as predictors of internalizing and externalizing disorders in children and adolescents]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2019; 47:345-358. [PMID: 31099287 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Various socioeconomic factors as predictors of internalizing and externalizing disorders in children and adolescents Abstract. Objective: Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important risk factor for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Various SES parameters are included in research efforts. This paper investigates the predictive value of different individual SES measures and the combination thereof regarding internalizing and externalizing disorders in children and adolescents. Method: We used data from N = 381 8- to 14-year-olds who had been recruited in child and adolescent psychiatric facilities and in the general population. Based on a diagnostic parent interview (K-SADS-PL), we divided the sample into internalizing and externalizing groups and a healthy control group. The SES data of both parents were collected. Education, occupational status, and income were integrated as single factors as well as combined factor to form the SES index. Additionally, we assessed unemployment. Results: Using multivariate analyses, we controlled for age and sex. All single factors turned out to be significant risk factors for internalizing and externalizing disorders. Occupational status was the most important single factor. The explained variance for the SES index was as high as for occupational status. Unemployment was not predictive when examined simultaneously with the SES index. Conclusion: Future studies should integrate the SES as risk factor and use the SES index or occupational status as single factor. The integration of unemployment is not necessarily needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Besser
- 1 LIFE - Leipziger Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen, Universität Leipzig Universitätsklinikum Leipzig - AöR, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Leipzig.,2 HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund GmbH, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Stralsund
| | - Mirko Döhnert
- 1 LIFE - Leipziger Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen, Universität Leipzig Universitätsklinikum Leipzig - AöR, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Leipzig
| | - Stephanie Stadelmann
- 1 LIFE - Leipziger Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen, Universität Leipzig Universitätsklinikum Leipzig - AöR, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Leipzig
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Kuntz B, Waldhauer J, Zeiher J, Finger JD, Lampert T. Socioeconomic differences in the health behaviour of children and adolescents in Germany. Results of the cross-sectional KiGGS Wave 2 study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MONITORING 2018; 3:44-60. [PMID: 35586375 PMCID: PMC8848916 DOI: 10.17886/rki-gbe-2018-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are key determining stages for health behaviour in the life course. Frequently, health-related attitudes and patterns of behaviour that develop at young age are also maintained at adult age. As studies show, already during childhood and adolescence, patterns of health risk behaviour are more common in certain population groups. KiGGS Wave 2 results confirm that 3- to 17-year-old children and adolescents from families with low socioeconomic status (SES) eat a less healthy diet, do fewer sports and are more often overweight or obese than their peers from more affluent backgrounds. Whereas socioeconomic differences appear to have little effect on levels of alcohol consumption among 11- to 17 year-olds, girls and boys with low SES smoke more frequently than their peers with high SES. Prevention and health promotion encourage children and adolescents to adopt healthy lifestyles, and aim to drive structural changes to stimulate behaviour which promotes good health. Combining measures that target individual behaviour and a settings-based approach appears to be the most promising preventative approach to reduce health inequalities among young people. Due to the clear impacts of socioeconomic differences on health behaviour already at young age measures for disadvantaged children and adolescents and their living conditions should be given an even stronger focus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kuntz
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | - Julia Waldhauer
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | - Johannes Zeiher
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | - Jonas D Finger
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | - Thomas Lampert
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
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Krause L, Anding C, Kamtsiuris P. [Nutrition, physical activity and substance use in children and adolescents : Representative results of the federal state module Thuringia in KiGGS wave 1]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 59:1005-16. [PMID: 27351434 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The term health behaviour combines both health-promoting and health-risk components. In this study, the health behaviour of children and adolescents in Thuringia is analysed. The database was a representative subsample of the federal state module Thuringia, which was conducted by the Robert Koch Institute as part of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) wave 1 (2010-2012; n = 4,096; 3-17 years). Health behaviour was described based on nine indicators: fruit and vegetable consumption, soft drink consumption, breakfast at home, physical activity, sport, swimming ability, alcohol consumption, smoking and water pipe consumption (shisha smoking). Prevalence and mean values with 95 % confidence intervals were reported, and based on logistic or linear regression, the significance of the group differences was examined. The results show that 43.4 % of children and adolescents in Thuringia ate fruits and vegetables daily, 44.5 % consumed soft drinks less than once a week, and 67.9 % had breakfast at home every weekday. In addition, 31.0 % of children and adolescents in Thuringia were physically active at least 60 min a day, 69.8 % did sports for at least 2 h a week, and 81.5 % can swim. Additionally, 15.9 % of adolescents in Thuringia had hazardous alcohol consumption, 14.4 % currently smoked, and 20.0 % smoked a water pipe. Differences existed with regard to gender, age, socio-economic status (SES) of the family and residence (urban/rural). In summary, many of the children and adolescents in Thuringia demonstrate relatively positive health behaviour. However, the results also indicate groups at higher risk of unhealthy behaviour, such as children and adolescents from families with low SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Krause
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Christine Anding
- Referat "Medizinische Grundsatzfragen, Heilberufe, Pharmaziewesen", Thüringer Ministerium für Arbeit, Soziales, Gesundheit, Frauen und Familie, Erfurt, Deutschland
| | - Panagiotis Kamtsiuris
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
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Lampert T, Richter M, Schneider S, Spallek J, Dragano N. [Social inequality and health: Status and prospects of socio-epidemiological research in Germany]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 59:153-65. [PMID: 26631008 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-015-2275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Social differences in morbidity and mortality have always been a central topic in public health research. In recent years, there has been a growing research interest that has clearly resonated with the general public and the political arena as well. This article describes the development and establishment of social epidemiology in Germany and presents the current status of research. In addition, it describes different models for explaining health inequalities. On this basis, selected challenges and prospects of socio-epidemiological research are demonstrated. The reason why the analysis of social differences in morbidity and mortality will continue to be a key task of public health research in the national and international context in the future is also explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lampert
- Fachgebiet 28, Soziale Determinanten der Gesundheit, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Straße 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Matthias Richter
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Deutschland
| | - Sven Schneider
- Medizinischen Fakultät Mannheim der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | | | - Nico Dragano
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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Kuntz B, Lampert T. Social Disparities in Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy: Comparison of Two Birth Cohorts (1996-2002 and 2003-2012) Based on Data from the German KiGGS Study. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016; 76:239-247. [PMID: 27065485 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Maternal smoking during pregnancy represents a significant developmental risk for the unborn child. This study investigated social differences in maternal smoking behavior during pregnancy in mothers living in Germany. The study focused on maternal age at delivery, social status and migration background. Method: The evaluation of data was based on two surveys carried out as part of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) carried out in 2003-2006 and in 2009-2012. The study compared the information given by parents of children aged between 0 and 6 years who were born either in the period from 1996 to 2002 (KiGGS baseline study, n = 4818) or in the period from 2003 to 2012 (KiGGS Wave 1, n = 4434). Determination of social status was based on parental educational levels, occupational position and income. Children classified as having a two-sided migration background either had parents, both of whom had immigrated to Germany, or were born abroad and had one parent who had immigrated to Germany; children classified as having a one-sided migration background had been born in Germany but had one parent who had immigrated to Germany. Results: The percentage of children whose mothers had smoked during pregnancy was 19.9 % for the older birth cohort and 12.1 % for the younger birth cohort. In both birth cohorts, the probability of being exposed to tobacco smoke was twice as high for children whose mothers were aged < 25 years at delivery compared to the children of older mothers. Children from socially deprived families were most affected by smoking behavior, and the relative social differences were found to have even increased over time (KiGGS baseline study: OR = 6.34; 95 % CI = 4.53-8.86; KiGGS Wave 1: OR = 13.88; 95 % CI = 6.85-28.13). A two-sided migration background was associated with a lower risk of exposure to smoking. Conclusions: The KiGGS results are in accordance with the results of other national and international studies which have shown that the percentage of mothers who smoke during pregnancy is declining. Because of a change in the method how data are collected for the KiGGS survey (written questionnaire vs. telephone interview) the trend results must be interpreted with caution. Measures aimed at preventing smoking and weaning women off smoking should focus particularly on younger and socially deprived mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kuntz
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Unit "Social Determinants of Health", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin
| | - T Lampert
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Unit "Social Determinants of Health", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin
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Kuntz B, Lampert T. Potenzielle Bildungsaufsteiger leben gesünder. PRAVENTION UND GESUNDHEITSFORDERUNG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11553-010-0276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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