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Narayan V, Thompson EW, Demissei B, Ho JE, Januzzi JL, Ky B. Mechanistic Biomarkers Informative of Both Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 75:2726-2737. [PMID: 32466889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although conventionally managed as separate disease processes, recent research has lent insight into compelling commonalities between CVD and cancer, including shared mechanisms for disease development and progression. In this review, the authors discuss several pathophysiological processes common to both CVD and cancer, such as inflammation, resistance to cell death, cellular proliferation, neurohormonal stress, angiogenesis, and genomic instability, in an effort to understand common mechanisms of both disease states. In particular, the authors highlight key circulating and genomic biomarkers associated with each of these processes, as well as their associations with risk and prognosis in both cancer and CVD. The purpose of this state-of-the-art review is to further our understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying cancer and CVD by contextualizing pathways and biomarkers common to both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Narayan
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth W Thompson
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Biniyam Demissei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer E Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James L Januzzi
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bonnie Ky
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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2
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Campbell GE, Jones EL, Comizzoli P, Duffy DM. Neurotensin stimulates the sperm acrosome reaction and reduces percentages of fertilization in vitro. F&S SCIENCE 2020; 1:27-35. [PMID: 35559737 PMCID: PMC10034862 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of neurotensin (NTS), a naturally occurring peptide, on the function of human and nonhuman primate sperm. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING University-based research laboratory. PATIENT(S)/ANIMAL(S) Consenting normozoospermic human donors and cynomolgus macaques. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Sperm acrosome status was assessed. Computer-assisted semen analysis assessed sperm motility, progression, and velocity. Immunocytochemistry and receptor selective agonists were used to identify specific NTS receptors on sperm. Monkey oocytes were obtained after ovarian stimulation, and NTS-treated monkey sperm were used for in vitro fertilization. RESULTS Neurotensin treatment of human sperm stimulated the acrosome reaction in both a dose-dependent (0.1-10 μmol/L) and time-dependent (5-30 minutes) manner. Neurotensin treatment did not alter sperm motility or progression. Both a general NTS receptor antagonist (SR142948) and a NTSR1 selective antagonist (SR48692) reduced the ability of NTS to stimulate the acrosome reaction. The neurotensin receptor NTSR1, but not NTSR2 or SORT1, was detected in monkey sperm using immunostaining. Neurotensin treatment also compromised the ability of sperm to fertilize an oocyte. Percentage of fertilization with untreated monkey sperm and monkey oocytes was 72%. Sperm pre-treated with NTS yielded a significantly lower fertilization rate of 18%. CONCLUSION(S) Neurotensin effectively stimulates the acrosome reaction in human and monkey sperm. Neurotensin produced by the oviduct or cumulus cells may promote natural fertilization. Pretreatment of sperm with NTS significantly reduces fertilization. Exposure of sperm to NTS prior to reaching the oviduct has the potential for contraceptive development. Identification of NTSR1 as the mediator of NTS action provides a specific target for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve E Campbell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Estella L Jones
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, and Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Diane M Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.
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Fawad A, Nilsson PM, Struck J, Bergmann A, Melander O, Bennet L. The association between plasma proneurotensin and glucose regulation is modified by country of birth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13640. [PMID: 31541150 PMCID: PMC6754414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased dramatically in Middle Eastern populations that represent the largest non-European immigrant group in Sweden today. As proneurotensin predicts T2D, the aim of this study was to investigate differences in proneurotensin levels across populations of Middle Eastern and Caucasian origin and to study its associations with indices of glucose regulation. Participants in the age 30 to 75 years, living in Malmö, Sweden, and born in Iraq or Sweden, were recruited from the census register. Anthropometrics and fasting samples were collected and oral glucose tolerance tests conducted assessing insulin secretion (DIo) as well as insulin sensitivity (ISI). A total of 2155 individuals participated in the study, 1398 were Iraqi-born and 757 were Swedish-born participants. Higher fasting proneurotensin levels were observed in Iraqi- compared to Swedish-born participants (137.5 vs. 119.8 pmol/L; p < 0.001) data adjusted for age, sex and body mass index. In Iraqi participants only, plasma proneurotensin was associated with impaired glucose regulation assessed as ISI, DIo and HbA1c, and significant interactions between country of birth and proneurotensin were observed (Pinteraction ISI = 0.048; Pinteraction DIo = 0.014; PinteractionHbA1c = 0.029). We report higher levels of proneurotensin in the general Middle Eastern population. The finding that Middle Eastern origin modifies the relationship of proneurotensin with indices of glucose regulation suggests that proneurotensin may be a stronger determinant of T2D in Middle Eastern as compared to Caucasian populations. These findings may explain part of the excess T2D risk in the Middle Eastern population but needs to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fawad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Struck
- Sphingotec GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - A Bergmann
- Sphingotec GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany
- Waltraut Bergmann Foundation, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | - O Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Metabolic Center, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Bennet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden.
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Riehle KJ, Kenerson HL, Riggle KM, Turnham R, Sullivan K, Bauer R, Scott JD, Yeung RS. Neurotensin as a source of cyclic AMP and co-mitogen in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5092-5102. [PMID: 31489118 PMCID: PMC6707953 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinomas (FL-HCCs) possess a unique mutation that encodes a chimeric form of protein kinase A (DNAJ-PKAc), which includes a chaperonin binding domain. DNAJ-PKAc retains most of the biochemical properties of the native enzyme, however, and activity remains dependent on cAMP. We thus speculated that a persistent source of cAMP is necessary to promote FL-HCC carcinogenesis, and that neurotensin (NTS) may drive cAMP production in this setting, given that NS serum and tumor levels are elevated in many patients with FL-HCC. We examined expression of NTS pathway components in human FL-HCCs and paired normal livers, and determined the role of NTS in driving proliferation in tumor slice cultures. Cultured hepatocytes were used to determine interactions between NTS and other proliferative pathways, and to determine the effects of NTS on cAMP production and PKA activity. We found that the NTS pathway is up-regulated in human FL-HCCs, and that NTS activates cAMP and PKA in hepatocytes. NTS increases proliferation in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF), and NTS-induced proliferation is dependent on NTSR1 and the EGFR/MEK pathway. We conclude that NTS serves as a co-mitogen in FL-HCC, and provides a source of cAMP to facilitate ongoing activation of DNAJ-PKAc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin M Riggle
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rigney Turnham
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renay Bauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raymond S Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wettersten N, Cushman M, Howard VJ, Hartmann O, Filippatos G, Beri N, Clopton P, Howard G, Safford MM, Judd SE, Bergmann A, Struck J, Maisel AS. Usefulness of Proneurotensin to Predict Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in a United States Population (from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study). Am J Cardiol 2018; 122:26-32. [PMID: 29866581 PMCID: PMC7856682 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death. Proneurotensin is a biomarker associated with the development of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. We assessed the association of fasting proneurotensin with mortal events by gender and race (black-white) in a US population. Using a case-cohort subpopulation of the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study, fasting proneurotensin was measured on a 1,046-person subcohort and in 651 participants with incident coronary heart disease. Higher proneurotensin was associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.6 per interquartile range, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 1.9) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6). For all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, association was stronger in women (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.6 and HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.7, respectively) than men (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.8 and HR 1.4, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.3, respectively), although this difference was not significant. Proneurotensin predicted all-cause mortality in both races and was not predictive of cardiovascular mortality in whites but was in blacks. Proneurotensin was not associated with incident coronary heart disease events. Elevated proneurotensin levels predicted all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in both genders, with a trend toward stronger association in women. Associations were similar in blacks and whites. In conclusion, proneurotensin may be a useful biomarker for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality regardless of race, and it is potentially specific in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Wettersten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Virginia J Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Neil Beri
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Paul Clopton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California
| | - George Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Monika M Safford
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | - Alan S Maisel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California.
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Auguet T, Aragonès G, Berlanga A, Martínez S, Sabench F, Aguilar C, Villar B, Sirvent JJ, Del Castillo D, Richart C. Low Circulating Levels of Neurotensin in Women with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Severe Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:274-278. [PMID: 29276861 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate neurotensin plasma levels in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with severe obesity. METHODS The plasma levels of neurotensin in 20 women with normal weight and 51 women with morbid obesity (MO) were measured, and women were subclassified according to their hepatic histology as having MO without NAFLD (n = 18) or MO with NAFLD (n = 33). The NAFLD group included 15 women with simple steatosis (SS) and 18 women with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). To quantify neurotensin in plasma, a multiplex sandwich immunoassay with a Luminex magnetic bead-based platform was used. RESULTS Neurotensin levels were significantly decreased (P = 0.001) in women with MO and NAFLD (3.62 ± 0.85 ng/mL), compared with women with MO and normal liver function (11.65 ± 1.95 ng/mL; P = 0.001) and women with normal weight (13.68 ± 2.58 ng/mL; P = 0.001). There was no difference in levels between women with SS and women with NASH (P = 0.415). CONCLUSIONS Circulating levels of neurotensin were decreased in women with NAFLD associated with MO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Auguet
- Research Group on Metabolic Diseases and Insulin Resistance, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pere Virgili Institute of Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Joan XXIII University Hospital Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aragonès
- Research Group on Metabolic Diseases and Insulin Resistance, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pere Virgili Institute of Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alba Berlanga
- Research Group on Metabolic Diseases and Insulin Resistance, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pere Virgili Institute of Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Salomé Martínez
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Joan XXIII University Hospital Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fàtima Sabench
- Surgery Service, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sant Joan de Reus Hospital, Pere Virgili Institute of Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Research Group on Metabolic Diseases and Insulin Resistance, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pere Virgili Institute of Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Villar
- Internal Medicine Service, Joan XXIII University Hospital Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Josep Sirvent
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Joan XXIII University Hospital Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Daniel Del Castillo
- Surgery Service, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sant Joan de Reus Hospital, Pere Virgili Institute of Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Research Group on Metabolic Diseases and Insulin Resistance, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pere Virgili Institute of Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Joan XXIII University Hospital Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
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Ferraro L, Tiozzo Fasiolo L, Beggiato S, Borelli AC, Pomierny-Chamiolo L, Frankowska M, Antonelli T, Tomasini MC, Fuxe K, Filip M. Neurotensin: A role in substance use disorder? J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:112-27. [PMID: 26755548 DOI: 10.1177/0269881115622240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurotensin is a tridecapeptide originally identified in extracts of bovine hypothalamus. This peptide has a close anatomical and functional relationship with the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine system. Neural circuits containing neurotensin were originally proposed to play a role in the mechanism of action of antipsychotic agents. Additionally, neurotensin-containing pathways were demonstrated to mediate some of the rewarding and/or sensitizing properties of drugs of abuse.This review attempts to contribute to the understanding of the role of neurotensin and its receptors in drug abuse. In particular, we will summarize the potential relevance of neurotensin, its related compounds and neurotensin receptors in substance use disorders, with a focus on the preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Tiozzo Fasiolo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea C Borelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Malgorzata Frankowska
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tiziana Antonelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria C Tomasini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Filip
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Melander O, Belting M, Manjer J, Maisel AS, Hedblad B, Engström G, Nilsson P, Struck J, Hartmann O, Bergmann A, Orho-Melander M. Validation of plasma proneurotensin as a novel biomarker for the prediction of incident breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1672-6. [PMID: 24925674 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High fasting plasma proneurotensin concentration was associated with the development of breast cancer in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS). Here, we aimed at replicating the initial finding in an independent second cohort. METHODS The Malmö Preventive Project (MPP) is a population study and comprised 18,240 subjects when examined in 2002-2006. Of women without history of breast cancer at examination, we included all who developed breast cancer during follow-up (n = 130) until December 31, 2010, and a random sample of women without breast cancer until the end of follow-up (n = 1,439) for baseline plasma proneurotensin assessment (mean age, 70.0 ± 4.4 years). Proneurotensin was measured in fasting plasma samples and was related to the risk of later breast cancer development using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Proneurotensin [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) increment of LN-transformed proneurotensin] was significantly related to incident breast cancer [OR, 2.09; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.79-2.44; P < 0.001; adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and hormone replacement therapy]. The effect estimate in the MPP was larger than in the discovery cohort (MDCS), with the main difference between the two cohorts being that women of the MPP study were on the average about 10 years older and follow-up time was shorter than that of the MDCS. CONCLUSION As initially found in the MDCS, fasting plasma proneurotensin was significantly associated with the development of breast cancer in the MPP study as well. IMPACT Measurement of plasma proneurotensin warrants further investigation as a blood-based marker for early breast cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Center of Emergency Medicine, Departments of
| | - Mattias Belting
- Section of Oncology, Lund University, Lund; Oncology, Skane University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Surgery and
| | - Alan S Maisel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare Systems, San Diego, California
| | - Bo Hedblad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Center of Emergency Medicine, Departments of
| | | | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Center of Emergency Medicine, Departments of
| | | | | | - Andreas Bergmann
- Sphingotec GmbH, Hennigsdorf; and Waltraut Bergmann Foundation, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
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Abstract
Peptide hormones are released from the gastrointestinal tract in response to nutrients and communicate information regarding the current state of energy balance to the brain. These hormones regulate appetite, energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis. They can act either via the circulation at target peripheral tissues, by activation of the vagus nerve or by acting on key brain regions implicated in energy homeostasis such as the hypothalamus and brainstem. This review gives an overview of the main gut hormones implicated in the regulation of food intake and how some of these are being targeted to develop anti obesity treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin A Bewick
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Sam AH, Troke RC, Tan TM, Bewick GA. The role of the gut/brain axis in modulating food intake. Neuropharmacology 2011; 63:46-56. [PMID: 22037149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptide hormones released from the gastrointestinal tract communicate information about the current state of energy balance to the brain. These hormones regulate appetite and energy expenditure via the vagus nerve or by acting on key brain regions implicated in energy homeostasis such as the hypothalamus and brainstem. This review gives an overview of the main gut hormones implicated in the regulation of food intake. Research in this area has provided novel targets for the pharmacological treatment of obesity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Central Control Food Intake'
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Sam
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Hwang JI, Kim DK, Kwon HB, Vaudry H, Seong JY. Phylogenetic History, Pharmacological Features, and Signal Transduction of Neurotensin Receptors in Vertebrates. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1163:169-78. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03636.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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