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Szilágyi A, Takács B, Szekeres R, Tarjányi V, Nagy D, Priksz D, Bombicz M, Kiss R, Szabó AM, Lehoczki A, Gesztelyi R, Juhász B, Szilvássy Z, Varga B. Effects of voluntary and forced physical exercise on the retinal health of aging Wistar rats. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01208-x. [PMID: 38795184 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by an increased prevalence of degenerative conditions, including those affecting ocular health, which significantly impact quality of life and increase the burden on healthcare systems. Among these, retinal aging is of particular concern due to its direct link to vision impairment, a leading cause of disability in the elderly. Vision loss in the aging population is associated with heightened risks of cognitive decline, social isolation, and morbidity. This study addresses the critical gap in our understanding of modifiable lifestyle factors, such as physical exercise, that may mitigate retinal aging and its related pathologies. We investigated the effects of different exercise regimens-voluntary (recreational-type) and forced (high-intensity)-on the retinal health of aging Wistar rats (18-month-old), serving as a model for studying the translational potential of exercise interventions in humans. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a young control (3-month-old) for baseline comparison, an aged sedentary control, an aged group engaging in voluntary exercise via a running wheel in their cage, and an aged group subjected to forced exercise on a treadmill for six sessions of 20 min each per week. After a 6-month experimental period, we assessed retinal function via electroretinography (ERG), measured retinal thickness histologically, and analyzed protein expression changes relevant to oxidative stress, inflammation, and anti-aging mechanisms. Our findings reveal that voluntary exercise positively impacts retinal function and morphology, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation markers while enhancing anti-aging protein expression. In contrast, forced exercise showed diminished benefits. These insights underscore the importance of exercise intensity and preference in preserving retinal health during aging. The study highlights the potential of recreational physical activity as a non-invasive strategy to counteract retinal aging, advocating for further research into exercise regimens as preventative therapies for age-related ocular degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szilágyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barbara Takács
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Réka Szekeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vera Tarjányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dávid Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rita Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Mónika Szabó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szilvássy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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2
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Gonzales CR, Moca EN, Chandra PK, Busija DW, Rutkai I. Three-dimensional object geometry of mitochondria-associated signal: 3-D analysis pipeline for two-photon image stacks of cerebrovascular endothelial mitochondria. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1291-H1303. [PMID: 38517228 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00101.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates the role of mitochondrial and vascular dysfunction in aging and aging-associated pathologies; however, the exact mechanisms and chronological processes remain enigmatic. High-energy demand organs, such as the brain, depend on the health of their mitochondria and vasculature for the maintenance of normal functions, therefore representing vulnerable targets for aging. This methodology article describes an analysis pipeline for three-dimensional (3-D) mitochondria-associated signal geometry of two-photon image stacks of brain vasculature. The analysis methods allow the quantification of mitochondria-associated signals obtained in real time in their physiological environment. In addition, signal geometry results will allow the extrapolation of fission and fusion events under normal conditions, during aging, or in the presence of different pathological conditions, therefore contributing to our understanding of the role mitochondria play in a variety of aging-associated diseases with vascular etiology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Analysis pipeline for 3-D mitochondria-associated signal geometry of two-photon image stacks of brain vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Gonzales
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Eric N Moca
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Partha K Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Ibolya Rutkai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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3
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Csiszar A, Ungvari A, Patai R, Gulej R, Yabluchanskiy A, Benyo Z, Kovacs I, Sotonyi P, Kirkpartrick AC, Prodan CI, Liotta EM, Zhang XA, Toth P, Tarantini S, Sorond FA, Ungvari Z. Atherosclerotic burden and cerebral small vessel disease: exploring the link through microvascular aging and cerebral microhemorrhages. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01139-7. [PMID: 38639833 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs, also known as cerebral microbleeds) are a critical but frequently underestimated aspect of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), bearing substantial clinical consequences. Detectable through sensitive neuroimaging techniques, CMHs reveal an extensive pathological landscape. They are prevalent in the aging population, with multiple CMHs often being observed in a given individual. CMHs are closely associated with accelerated cognitive decline and are increasingly recognized as key contributors to the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review paper delves into the hypothesis that atherosclerosis, a prevalent age-related large vessel disease, extends its pathological influence into the cerebral microcirculation, thereby contributing to the development and progression of CSVD, with a specific focus on CMHs. We explore the concept of vascular aging as a continuum, bridging macrovascular pathologies like atherosclerosis with microvascular abnormalities characteristic of CSVD. We posit that the same risk factors precipitating accelerated aging in large vessels (i.e., atherogenesis), primarily through oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, similarly instigate accelerated microvascular aging. Accelerated microvascular aging leads to increased microvascular fragility, which in turn predisposes to the formation of CMHs. The presence of hypertension and amyloid pathology further intensifies this process. We comprehensively overview the current body of evidence supporting this interconnected vascular hypothesis. Our review includes an examination of epidemiological data, which provides insights into the prevalence and impact of CMHs in the context of atherosclerosis and CSVD. Furthermore, we explore the shared mechanisms between large vessel aging, atherogenesis, microvascular aging, and CSVD, particularly focusing on how these intertwined processes contribute to the genesis of CMHs. By highlighting the role of vascular aging in the pathophysiology of CMHs, this review seeks to enhance the understanding of CSVD and its links to systemic vascular disorders. Our aim is to provide insights that could inform future therapeutic approaches and research directions in the realm of neurovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Roland Patai
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral College/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Benyo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, HUN-REN, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Illes Kovacs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Peter Sotonyi
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angelia C Kirkpartrick
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Calin I Prodan
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Eric M Liotta
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral College/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xin A Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Peter Toth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Neurotrauma Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- ELKH-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral College/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Farzaneh A Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral College/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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4
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Hu Y, Zhang F, Ikonomovic M, Yang T. The Role of NRF2 in Cerebrovascular Protection: Implications for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3833. [PMID: 38612642 PMCID: PMC11012233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) represents a broad spectrum of cognitive decline secondary to cerebral vascular aging and injury. It is the second most common type of dementia, and the prevalence continues to increase. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is enriched in the cerebral vasculature and has diverse roles in metabolic balance, mitochondrial stabilization, redox balance, and anti-inflammation. In this review, we first briefly introduce cerebrovascular aging in VCID and the NRF2 pathway. We then extensively discuss the effects of NRF2 activation in cerebrovascular components such as endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and perivascular macrophages. Finally, we summarize the clinical potential of NRF2 activators in VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Hu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA; (Y.H.); (F.Z.); (M.I.)
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) McKeesport, McKeesport, PA 15132, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA; (Y.H.); (F.Z.); (M.I.)
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
| | - Milos Ikonomovic
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA; (Y.H.); (F.Z.); (M.I.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA; (Y.H.); (F.Z.); (M.I.)
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
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5
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Leotta C, Hernandez L, Tothova L, Arefin S, Ciceri P, Cozzolino MG, Barany P, Chromek M, Stenvinkel P, Kublickiene K. Levels of Cell-Free DNA in Kidney Failure Patients before and after Renal Transplantation. Cells 2023; 12:2774. [PMID: 38132094 PMCID: PMC10741614 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has diverse applications in oncological, prenatal, toxicological, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases, diagnostics, and organ transplantation. In particular, mitochondrial cfDNA (mt-cfDNA) is associated with inflammation and linked to early vascular ageing (EVA) in end-stage kidney failure (ESKF), which could be a noninvasive marker for graft rejection and organ damage. Plasma samples from 44 ESKF patients, of whom half (n = 22) underwent either conservative therapy (non-HD) or hemodialysis (HD) before kidney transplantation (KT). These samples were analyzed at baseline and two years after KT. cfDNA was extracted from plasma and quantified using the fluorometric method. qPCR was used to quantify and differentiate the fractions of mt-cfDNA and nuclear cfDNA (nc-cfDNA). mt-cfDNA levels in KT patients decreased significantly from baseline to two years post-KT (p < 0.0268), while levels of total cfDNA and nc-cfDNA did not differ. Depending on therapy modality (HD vs. non-HD) before KT, total cfDNA levels were higher in HD patients at both baseline (p = 0.0133) and two years post-KT (p = 0.0421), while nc-cfDNA levels were higher in HD only at baseline (p = 0.0079). Males showed a nonsignificant trend of higher cfDNA levels. Patients with assessed vascular fibrosis (p = 0.0068), either alone or in combination with calcification plus fibrosis, showed reduced mt-cfDNA post-KT (p = 0.0195). Changes in mt-cfDNA levels suggests the impact of KT on the inflammatory state of ESKF, as evidenced via its correlation with high sensitivity C-reactive protein after KT. Further studies are warranted to assess if cfDNA could serve as a noninvasive method for monitoring the response to organ transplantation and even for amelioration of EVA status per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Leotta
- Division of Renal Medicine, Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.L.); (L.H.); (P.B.); (M.C.)
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital Milan, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy (M.G.C.)
| | - Leah Hernandez
- Division of Renal Medicine, Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.L.); (L.H.); (P.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Lubomira Tothova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Samsul Arefin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.L.); (L.H.); (P.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Paola Ciceri
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital Milan, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy (M.G.C.)
| | - Mario Gennaro Cozzolino
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital Milan, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy (M.G.C.)
| | - Peter Barany
- Division of Renal Medicine, Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.L.); (L.H.); (P.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Milan Chromek
- Division of Renal Medicine, Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.L.); (L.H.); (P.B.); (M.C.)
- Division of Pediatrics, Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.L.); (L.H.); (P.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.L.); (L.H.); (P.B.); (M.C.)
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6
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Jouabadi SM, Ataabadi EA, Golshiri K, Bos D, Stricker BHC, Danser AHJ, Mattace-Raso F, Roks AJM. Clinical Impact and Mechanisms of Nonatherosclerotic Vascular Aging: The New Kid to Be Blocked. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1839-1858. [PMID: 37495207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic cardiovascular disease and stroke remain the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. During aging, protective mechanisms in the body gradually deteriorate, resulting in functional, structural, and morphologic changes that affect the vascular system. Because atherosclerotic plaques are not always present along with these alterations, we refer to this kind of vascular aging as nonatherosclerotic vascular aging (NAVA). To maintain proper vascular function during NAVA, it is important to preserve intracellular signalling, prevent inflammation, and block the development of senescent cells. Pharmacologic interventions targeting these components are potential therapeutic approaches for NAVA, with a particular emphasis on inflammation and senescence. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology of vascular aging and explores potential pharmacotherapies that can improve the function of aged vasculature, focusing on NAVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Mohammadi Jouabadi
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Ataei Ataabadi
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Keivan Golshiri
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno H C Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Mattace-Raso
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Matyas C, Trojnar E, Zhao S, Arif M, Mukhopadhyay P, Kovacs A, Fabian A, Tokodi M, Bagyura Z, Merkely B, Kohidai L, Lajko E, Takacs A, He Y, Gao B, Paloczi J, Lohoff FW, Haskó G, Ding WX, Pacher P. PCSK9, A Promising Novel Target for Age-Related Cardiovascular Dysfunction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1334-1353. [PMID: 38094682 PMCID: PMC10715889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death among elderly people. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is an important regulator of cholesterol metabolism. Herein, we investigated the role of PCSK9 in age-related CVD. Both in humans and rats, blood PCSK9 level correlated positively with increasing age and the development of cardiovascular dysfunction. Age-related fatty degeneration of liver tissue positively correlated with serum PCSK9 levels in the rat model, while development of age-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease correlated with cardiovascular functional impairment. Network analysis identified PCSK9 as an important factor in age-associated lipid alterations and it correlated positively with intima-media thickness, a clinical parameter of CVD risk. PCSK9 inhibition with alirocumab effectively reduced the CVD progression in aging rats, suggesting that PCSK9 plays an important role in cardiovascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Matyas
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Trojnar
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Suxian Zhao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Fabian
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marton Tokodi
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bagyura
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bela Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Kohidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Lajko
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angela Takacs
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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Keller AC, Chun JH, Knaub L, Henckel M, Hull S, Scalzo R, Pott G, Walker L, Reusch J. Thermoneutrality induces vascular dysfunction and impaired metabolic function in male Wistar rats: a new model of vascular disease. J Hypertens 2022; 40:2133-2146. [PMID: 35881464 PMCID: PMC9553250 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disease is of paramount importance, yet there are few relevant rat models to investigate its pathology and explore potential therapeutics. Housing at thermoneutral temperature (30 °C) is being employed to humanize metabolic derangements in rodents. We hypothesized that housing rats in thermoneutral conditions would potentiate a high-fat diet, resulting in diabetes and dysmetabolism, and deleteriously impact vascular function, in comparison to traditional room temperature housing (22 °C). METHODS Male Wistar rats were housed at either room temperature or thermoneutral temperatures for 16 weeks on either a low or high-fat diet. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were conducted at the beginning and end of the study. At the study's conclusion, vasoreactivity and mitochondrial respiration of aorta and carotid were conducted. RESULTS We observed diminished vasodilation in vessels from thermoneutral rats ( P < 0.05), whereas high-fat diet had no effect. This effect was also observed in endothelium-denuded aorta in thermoneutral rats ( P < 0.05). Vasoconstriction was significantly elevated in aorta of thermoneutral rats ( P < 0.05). Diminished nitric oxide synthase activity and nitrotyrosine, and elevated glutathione activity were observed in aorta from rats housed under thermoneutral conditions, indicating a climate of lower nitric oxide and excess reactive oxygen species in aorta. Thermoneutral rat aorta also demonstrated less mitochondrial respiration with lipid substrates compared with the controls ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data support that thermoneutrality causes dysfunctional vasoreactivity, decreased lipid mitochondrial metabolism, and modified cellular signaling. These are critical observations as thermoneutrality is becoming prevalent for translational research models. This new model of vascular dysfunction may be useful for dissection of targetable aspects of cardiovascular disease and is a novel and necessary model of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Keller
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - L.A. Knaub
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - M.M. Henckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - S.E. Hull
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - R.L. Scalzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - G.B. Pott
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - L.A. Walker
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - J.E.B. Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
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9
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Tracy EP, Hughes W, Beare JE, Rowe G, Beyer A, LeBlanc AJ. Aging-Induced Impairment of Vascular Function: Mitochondrial Redox Contributions and Physiological/Clinical Implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:974-1015. [PMID: 34314229 PMCID: PMC8905248 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The vasculature responds to the respiratory needs of tissue by modulating luminal diameter through smooth muscle constriction or relaxation. Coronary perfusion, diastolic function, and coronary flow reserve are drastically reduced with aging. This loss of blood flow contributes to and exacerbates pathological processes such as angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery and microvascular disease. Recent Advances: Increased attention has recently been given to defining mechanisms behind aging-mediated loss of vascular function and development of therapeutic strategies to restore youthful vascular responsiveness. The ultimate goal aims at providing new avenues for symptom management, reversal of tissue damage, and preventing or delaying of aging-induced vascular damage and dysfunction in the first place. Critical Issues: Our major objective is to describe how aging-associated mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction via dysregulated reactive oxygen species production, the clinical impact of this phenomenon, and to discuss emerging therapeutic strategies. Pathological changes in regulation of mitochondrial oxidative and nitrosative balance (Section 1) and mitochondrial dynamics of fission/fusion (Section 2) have widespread effects on the mechanisms underlying the ability of the vasculature to relax, leading to hyperconstriction with aging. We will focus on flow-mediated dilation, endothelial hyperpolarizing factors (Sections 3 and 4), and adrenergic receptors (Section 5), as outlined in Figure 1. The clinical implications of these changes on major adverse cardiac events and mortality are described (Section 6). Future Directions: We discuss antioxidative therapeutic strategies currently in development to restore mitochondrial redox homeostasis and subsequently vascular function and evaluate their potential clinical impact (Section 7). Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 974-1015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Paul Tracy
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - William Hughes
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jason E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rowe
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amanda Jo LeBlanc
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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10
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Barros PR, Costa TJ, Akamine EH, Tostes RC. Vascular Aging in Rodent Models: Contrasting Mechanisms Driving the Female and Male Vascular Senescence. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:727604. [PMID: 35821995 PMCID: PMC9261394 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.727604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing scientific interest has been directed to sex as a biological and decisive factor on several diseases. Several different mechanisms orchestrate vascular function, as well as vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in males and females. Certain vascular sex differences are present throughout life, while others are more evident before the menopause, suggesting two important and correlated drivers: genetic and hormonal factors. With the increasing life expectancy and aging population, studies on aging-related diseases and aging-related physiological changes have steeply grown and, with them, the use of aging animal models. Mouse and rat models of aging, the most studied laboratory animals in aging research, exhibit sex differences in many systems and physiological functions, as well as sex differences in the aging process and aging-associated cardiovascular changes. In the present review, we introduce the most common aging and senescence-accelerated animal models and emphasize that sex is a biological variable that should be considered in aging studies. Sex differences in the cardiovascular system, with a focus on sex differences in aging-associated vascular alterations (endothelial dysfunction, remodeling and oxidative and inflammatory processes) in these animal models are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R. Barros
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tiago J. Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eliana H. Akamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Rita C. Tostes, ; Eliana H. Akamine,
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Rita C. Tostes, ; Eliana H. Akamine,
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11
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Clayton ZS, Hutton DA, Mahoney SA, Seals DR. Anthracycline chemotherapy-mediated vascular dysfunction as a model of accelerated vascular aging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:45-69. [PMID: 34212156 DOI: 10.1002/aac2.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and age is by far the greatest risk factor for developing CVD. Vascular dysfunction, including endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening, is responsible for much of the increase in CVD risk with aging. A key mechanism involved in vascular dysfunction with aging is oxidative stress, which reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and induces adverse changes to the extracellular matrix of the arterial wall (e.g., elastin fragmentation/degradation, collagen deposition) and an increase in advanced glycation end products, which form crosslinks in arterial wall structural proteins. Although vascular dysfunction and CVD are most prevalent in older adults, several conditions can "accelerate" these events at any age. One such factor is chemotherapy with anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (DOXO), to combat common forms of cancer. Children, adolescents and young adults treated with these chemotherapeutic agents demonstrate impaired vascular function and an increased risk of future CVD development compared with healthy age-matched controls. Anthracycline treatment also worsens vascular dysfunction in mid-life (50-64 years of age) and older (65 and older) adults such that endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are greater compared to age-matched controls. Collectively, these observations indicate that use of anthracycline chemotherapeutic agents induce a vascular aging-like phenotype and that the latter contributes to premature CVD in cancer survivors exposed to these agents. Here, we review the existing literature supporting these ideas, discuss potential mechanisms as well as interventions that may protect arteries from these adverse effects, identify research gaps and make recommendations for future research.
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12
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Cikic S, Chandra PK, Harman JC, Rutkai I, Katakam PV, Guidry JJ, Gidday JM, Busija DW. Sexual differences in mitochondrial and related proteins in rat cerebral microvessels: A proteomic approach. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:397-412. [PMID: 32241204 PMCID: PMC8370005 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20915127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in mitochondrial numbers and function are present in large cerebral arteries, but it is unclear whether these differences extend to the microcirculation. We performed an assessment of mitochondria-related proteins in cerebral microvessels (MVs) isolated from young, male and female, Sprague-Dawley rats. MVs composed of arterioles, capillaries, and venules were isolated from the cerebrum and used to perform a 3 versus 3 quantitative, multiplexed proteomics experiment utilizing tandem mass tags (TMT), coupled with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). MS data and bioinformatic analyses were performed using Proteome Discoverer version 2.2 and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. We identified a total of 1969 proteins, of which 1871 were quantified by TMT labels. Sixty-four proteins were expressed significantly (p < 0.05) higher in female samples compared with male samples. Females expressed more mitochondrial proteins involved in energy production, mitochondrial membrane structure, anti-oxidant enzyme proteins, and those involved in fatty acid oxidation. Conversely, males had higher expression levels of mitochondria-destructive proteins. Our findings reveal, for the first time, the full extent of sexual dimorphism in the mitochondrial metabolic protein profiles of MVs, which may contribute to sex-dependent cerebrovascular and neurological pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Cikic
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Partha K Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jarrod C Harman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ibolya Rutkai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Prasad Vg Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jessie J Guidry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Proteomics Core Facility, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gidday
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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13
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Ives SJ, Zaleski KS, Slocum C, Escudero D, Sheridan C, Legesse S, Vidal K, Lagalwar S, Reynolds TH. The effect of succinic acid on the metabolic profile in high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14630. [PMID: 33185326 PMCID: PMC7663994 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, insulin resistance, and poor metabolic profile are hallmarks of a high-fat diet (HFD), highlighting the need to understand underlying mechanisms. Therefore, we sought to determine the effect of succinic acid (SA) on metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Animals were randomly assigned to either low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). Mice consumed their respective diets for 4.5 months and then assigned to the following groups: (LFD)+vehicle, LFD + SA (0.75 mg/ml), HFD + vehicle, or HFD + SA. Body weight (BW), food, and water intake, were tracked weekly. After 6 weeks, insulin, glucose, and pyruvate tolerance tests were completed, and spontaneous physical activity was assessed. Epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) mass and in vitro measurements of oxidative skeletal muscle (soleus) respiration were obtained. Expectedly, the HFD increased BW and EWAT mass, and reduced glucose and insulin tolerance. SA significantly reduced EWAT mass, more so in HFD (p < .05), but had no effect on any in vivo measurements (BW, insulin, glucose, or pyruvate tolerance, nor physical activity, all p > .05). A significant (p < .05) interaction was observed between mitochondrial respiration and treatment, where SA increased respiration, likely owed to greater mitochondrial content, as assessed by complex IV activity in both LFD and HFD. In HFD-induced obesity, coupled with insulin desensitization, we found no favorable effect of succinic acid on glucose regulation, though adiposity was attenuated. In oxidative skeletal muscle, there was a tendency for increased respiratory capacity, likely owed to greater mitochondrial content, suggestive of a succinic acid-induced mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Ives
- Health and Human Physiological SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNYUSA
| | - Kendall S. Zaleski
- Health and Human Physiological SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNYUSA
| | - Cheyanne Slocum
- Health and Human Physiological SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNYUSA
| | - Daniela Escudero
- Health and Human Physiological SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNYUSA
| | - Caty Sheridan
- Health and Human Physiological SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNYUSA
| | - Saada Legesse
- Health and Human Physiological SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNYUSA
| | - Kavey Vidal
- Health and Human Physiological SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNYUSA
| | - Sarita Lagalwar
- Health and Human Physiological SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNYUSA
| | - Thomas H. Reynolds
- Health and Human Physiological SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNYUSA
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14
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Park SY, Pekas EJ, Headid RJ, Son WM, Wooden TK, Song J, Layec G, Yadav SK, Mishra PK, Pipinos II. Acute mitochondrial antioxidant intake improves endothelial function, antioxidant enzyme activity, and exercise tolerance in patients with peripheral artery disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H456-H467. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00235.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The results of this study reveal for the first time that acute oral intake of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant (MitoQ, 80 mg) is effective for improving vascular endothelial function and superoxide dismutase in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Acute MitoQ intake is also effective for improving maximal walking capacity and delaying the onset of claudication in patients with PAD. These findings suggest that the acute oral intake of MitoQ-mediated improvements in vascular mitochondria play a pivotal role for improving endothelial function, the redox environment, and skeletal muscle performance in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Young Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Elizabeth J. Pekas
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ronald J. Headid
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Won-Mok Son
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - TeSean K. Wooden
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jiwon Song
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Santosh K. Yadav
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Paras K. Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Iraklis I. Pipinos
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Surgery and Veterans Affairs Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
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15
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Targeting mitochondrial fitness as a strategy for healthy vascular aging. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1491-1519. [PMID: 32584404 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide and aging is the primary risk factor for CVD. The development of vascular dysfunction, including endothelial dysfunction and stiffening of the large elastic arteries (i.e., the aorta and carotid arteries), contribute importantly to the age-related increase in CVD risk. Vascular aging is driven in large part by oxidative stress, which reduces bioavailability of nitric oxide and promotes alterations in the extracellular matrix. A key upstream driver of vascular oxidative stress is age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. This review will focus on vascular mitochondria, mitochondrial dysregulation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and discuss current evidence for prevention and treatment of vascular aging via lifestyle and pharmacological strategies that improve mitochondrial health. We will also identify promising areas and important considerations ('research gaps') for future investigation.
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16
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(-)-Epicatechin Modulates Mitochondrial Redox in Vascular Cell Models of Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6392629. [PMID: 32587663 PMCID: PMC7301192 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6392629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus affects 451 million people worldwide, and people with diabetes are 3-5 times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease. In vascular tissue, mitochondrial function is important for vasoreactivity. Diabetes-mediated generation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) may contribute to vascular dysfunction via damage to mitochondria and regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). We have identified (–)-epicatechin (EPICAT), a plant compound and known vasodilator, as a potential therapy. We hypothesized that mitochondrial ROS in cells treated with antimycin A (AA, a compound targeting mitochondrial complex III) or high glucose (HG, global perturbation) could be normalized by EPICAT, and correlate with improved mitochondrial dynamics and cellular signaling. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with HG, AA, and/or 0.1 or 1.0 μM of EPICAT. Mitochondrial and cellular superoxide, mitochondrial respiration, and cellular signaling upstream of mitochondrial function were assessed. EPICAT at 1.0 μM significantly attenuated mitochondrial superoxide in HG-treated cells. At 0.1 μM, EPICAT nonsignificantly increased mitochondrial respiration, agreeing with previous reports. EPICAT significantly increased complex I expression in AA-treated cells, and 1.0 μM EPICAT significantly decreased mitochondrial complex V expression in HG-treated cells. No significant effects were seen on either AMPK or eNOS expression. Our study suggests that EPICAT is useful in mitigating moderate ROS concentrations from a global perturbation and may modulate mitochondrial complex activity. Our data illustrate that EPICAT acts in the cell in a dose-dependent manner, demonstrating hormesis.
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17
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Jafaripour S, Sedighi S, Jokar MH, Aghaei M, Moradzadeh M. Inflammation, diet, and type 2 diabetes: a mini-review. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2020; 41:768-777. [PMID: 32397924 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1750423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a common feature of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Inflammatory cytokines increase in patients with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and heart disease. Various types of cells can produce inflammatory cytokines and then release them into the bloodstream, where their complex interactions with target tissues raise a tissue-specific immune response. This review focused on C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α as an inflammatory cytokine, and adiponectin produced by adipose tissues. Despite the major role of cytokines in the development of T2D, further studies are required to investigate the possible effects of the macronutrient composition of diet on these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Jafaripour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sima Sedighi
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Jokar
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Aghaei
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maliheh Moradzadeh
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
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18
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Warraich UEA, Hussain F, Kayani HUR. Aging - Oxidative stress, antioxidants and computational modeling. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04107. [PMID: 32509998 PMCID: PMC7264715 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a degenerative, biological, time-dependent, universally conserved process thus designed as one of the highest known risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Every individual has its own aging mechanisms as both environmental conditions (75%) and genetics (25%) account for aging. Several theories have been proposed until now but not even a single theory solves this mystery. There are still some queries un-answered to the scientific community regarding mechanisms behind aging. However, oxidative stress theory (OST) is considered one of the famous theories that sees mitochondria as one of the leading organelles which largely contribute to the aging process. Many reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced endogenously and exogenously that are associated with aging. But the mitochondrial ROS contribute largely to the aging process as mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress is considered one of the contributors toward aging. Although ROS is known to damage cell machinery, new evidence suggests their role in signal transduction to regulate biological and physiological processes. Moreover, besides mitochondria, other important cell organelles such as peroxisome and endoplasmic reticulum also produce ROS that contribute to aging. However, nature has provided humans with free radical scavengers called antioxidants that protect from harmful effects of ROS. Future predictions regarding aging, biochemical mechanisms involved, biomarkers internal and external factors can be easily done with machine learning algorithms and other computational models. This review explains important aspects of aging, the contribution of ROS producing organelles in aging, importance of antioxidants fighting against ROS, different computational models developed to understand the complexities of the aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umm-e-Ammara Warraich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatma Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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19
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Park SH, Kwon OS, Park SY, Weavil JC, Hydren JR, Reese V, Andtbacka RHI, Hyngstrom JR, Richardson RS. Vasodilatory and vascular mitochondrial respiratory function with advancing age: evidence of a free radically mediated link in the human vasculature. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R701-R711. [PMID: 32022597 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00268.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recognizing the age-related decline in skeletal muscle feed artery (SMFA) vasodilatory function, this study examined the link between vasodilatory and mitochondrial respiratory function in the human vasculature. Twenty-four SMFAs were harvested from young (35 ± 6 yr, n = 9) and old (71 ± 9 yr, n = 15) subjects. Vasodilation in SMFAs was assessed, by pressure myography, in response to flow-induced shear stress, acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) while mitochondrial respiration was measured, by respirometry, in permeabilized SMFAs. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was significantly attenuated in the old, induced by both flow (young: 92 ± 3, old: 45 ± 4%) and ACh (young: 92 ± 3, old: 54 ± 5%), with no significant difference in endothelium-independent vasodilation. Complex I and I + II state 3 respiration was significantly lower in the old (CI young: 10.1 ± 0.8, old: 7.0 ± 0.4 pmol·s-1·mg-1; CI + II young: 12.3 ± 0.6, old: 7.6 ± 0.4 pmol·s-1·mg-1). The respiratory control ratio (RCR) was also significantly attenuated in the old (young: 2.2 ± 0.1, old: 1.1 ± 0.1). Furthermore, state 3 (CI + II) and 4 respiration, as well as RCR, were significantly correlated (r = 0.49-0.86) with endothelium-dependent, but not endothelium-independent, function. Finally, the direct intervention with mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant (MitoQ) significantly improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the old but not in the young. Thus, the age-related decline in vasodilatory function is linked to attenuated vascular mitochondrial respiratory function, likely by augmented free radicals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In human skeletal muscle feed arteries, the well-recognized age-related fall in endothelium-dependent vasodilatory function is strongly linked to a concomitant fall in vascular mitochondrial respiratory function. The direct intervention with the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant restored vasodilatory function in the old but not in the young, supporting the concept that exacerbated mitochondrial-derived free radical production is linked to age-related vasodilatory dysfunction. Age-related vasodilatory dysfunction in humans is linked to attenuated vascular mitochondrial respiratory function, likely a consequence of augmented free radical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung Hun Park
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Oh Sung Kwon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Song-Young Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Joshua C Weavil
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jay R Hydren
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Van Reese
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert H I Andtbacka
- Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John R Hyngstrom
- Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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20
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Wu B, Yue H, Zhou GH, Zhu YY, Wu TH, Wen JF, Cho KW, Jin SN. Protective effects of oxymatrine on homocysteine-induced endothelial injury: Involvement of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and Akt-eNOS-NO signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 864:172717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Wang X, Liu Y, Jia Y, Liu H, Bao X, He Z, Ge W. Proteome Profiling of Cerebral Vessels in Rhesus Macaques: Dysregulation of Antioxidant Activity and Extracellular Matrix Proteins Contributes to Cerebrovascular Aging in Rhesus Macaques. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:293. [PMID: 31708766 PMCID: PMC6819311 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for cerebrovascular disease; however, the molecular mechanisms of cerebrovascular aging remain to be clarified. The aim of this study was to reveal the molecular signaling pathways involved in cerebrovascular aging. This study used high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), in combination with quantitative 6-plex tandem mass tag labeling, to profile protein changes in brain vessels from three groups of healthy rhesus macaques (3-years, 6-years, and 20-years). Western blot analyses were used to validate the proteomic data. A total of 2,934 proteins were identified and analyzed. Twenty-two proteins were continuously downregulated with increasing age, while three proteins were continuously upregulated. When comparing Group C vs. Group B, 270 proteins were downregulated, while 73 proteins were upregulated. All these 368 significantly changed proteins were used for further analysis. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the changed proteins were involved in several signaling pathways during cerebrovascular aging. Proteins in the NRF2 pathway, such as Glutathione S-transferase Mu (GSTM), were consistently downregulated especially after 6-years old, whereas proteins related to miRNA targets in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and membrane receptors were upregulated. Protein-protein interaction networks demonstrated that disorders of energy pathways and serine/threonine kinases were critical during cerebrovascular aging. Data are available via ProteomeXchange under the identifier PXD012306. Our results indicated that during aging, the disorders of energy metabolism and dysfunction of antioxidant activity caused over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may exacerbate cerebrovascular aging. In addition, accumulation of ECM proteins during aging might be closely associated with age-related arterial stiffening and decreased compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yangjie Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanlong He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
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22
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Liu X, Du H, Chen D, Yuan H, Chen W, Jia W, Wang X, Li X, Gao L. Cyclophilin D deficiency protects against the development of mitochondrial ROS and cellular inflammation in aorta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:1202-1208. [PMID: 30554656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation and oxidative stress are closely correlated in the pathology of cardiovascular disease. Mitochondrial cyclophilin D (CypD), the important modulator for mPTP opening, is increasingly recognized as a key regulator of cellular ROS generation. Besides, its association with cell inflammation is also being discovered. However, the effects of CypD in modulating vascular inflammatory response is unknown. We sought to investigate whether CypD deficiency attenutes vascular inflammation under physical conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS We adopted CypD KO mouse and their littermate controls to observe the effects of CypD deficiency on aortic mitochondrial functions and vascular inflammation. As we found in our study, we confirmed that under physical conditions, CypD deficiency enhanced mouse whole body metabolic status, increased aortic mitochondrial complex III activity and decreased mitochondrial ROS generation. Functionally, CypD deficiency also attenuated inflammatory molecules expression, including VCAM-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in mouse aorta. CONCLUSIONS Our results review that mitochondrial CypD is involved in the regulation of inflammation in aorta and provide insights that blocking mitochondrial CypD enhances vascular resistance to inflammatory injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Dan Chen
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Electrocardiographic, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Hai Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Wenyu Jia
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
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Ludewig P, Winneberger J, Magnus T. The cerebral endothelial cell as a key regulator of inflammatory processes in sterile inflammation. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 326:38-44. [PMID: 30472304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral endothelial cells accomplish numerous tasks connected to the maintenance of homeostasis of the central nervous system. They create a barrier between the central nervous system and peripheral blood and regulate mechanotransduction, vascular permeability, rheology, thrombogenesis, and leukocyte adhesion. In pathophysiological conditions (e.g., stroke or ischemia-reperfusion injury) the endothelial functions are impaired, leading to increased vascular permeability, vascular inflammation, leukocyte-endothelium interactions, and transendothelial migration, driving CNS inflammation and neuronal destruction. This review describes the current knowledge on the regulatory roles of endothelial cells in neuroinflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ludewig
- Department of Neurology at the University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jack Winneberger
- Department of Neurology at the University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology at the University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Sure VN, Sakamuri SSVP, Sperling JA, Evans WR, Merdzo I, Mostany R, Murfee WL, Busija DW, Katakam PVG. A novel high-throughput assay for respiration in isolated brain microvessels reveals impaired mitochondrial function in the aged mice. GeroScience 2018; 40:365-375. [PMID: 30074132 PMCID: PMC6136296 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is uniquely regulated by the anatomical design of the cerebral vasculature as well as through neurovascular coupling. The process of directing the CBF to meet the energy demands of neuronal activity is referred to as neurovascular coupling. Microvasculature in the brain constitutes the critical component of the neurovascular coupling. Mitochondria provide the majority of ATP to meet the high-energy demand of the brain. Impairment of mitochondrial function plays a central role in several age-related diseases such as hypertension, ischemic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson disease. Interestingly, microvessels and small arteries of the brain have been the focus of the studies implicating the vascular mechanisms in several age-related neurological diseases. However, the role of microvascular mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases remains unexplored. To date, high-throughput assay for measuring mitochondrial respiration in microvessels is lacking. The current study presents a novel method to measure mitochondrial respiratory parameters in freshly isolated microvessels from mouse brain ex vivo using Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer. We validated the method by demonstrating impairments of mitochondrial respiration in cerebral microvessels isolated from old mice compared to the young mice. Thus, application of mitochondrial respiration studies in microvessels will help identify novel vascular mechanisms underlying a variety of age-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata N Sure
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Siva S V P Sakamuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jared A Sperling
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wesley R Evans
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue; Room 3554C, 8683, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ivan Merdzo
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mostar School of Medicine, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ricardo Mostany
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue; Room 3554C, 8683, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue; Room 3554C, 8683, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Prasad V G Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue; Room 3554C, 8683, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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25
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Droplet digital PCR shows the D-Loop to be an error prone locus for mitochondrial DNA copy number determination. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11392. [PMID: 30061621 PMCID: PMC6065360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Absolute quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mCN) provides important insights in many fields of research including cancer, cardiovascular and reproductive health. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) natively reports absolute copy number, and we have developed a single-dye, multiplex assay to measure rat mCN that is accurate, precise and affordable. We demonstrate simple methods to optimize this assay and to determine nuclear reference pseudogene copy number to extend the range of mCN that can be measured with this assay. We evaluated two commonly used mitochondrial DNA reference loci to determine mCN, the ND1 gene and the D-Loop. Harnessing the absolute measures of ddPCR, we found that the D-Loop amplifies with a copy number of ~1.0–1.5 relative to other sites on the mitochondrial genome. This anomalous copy number varied significantly between rats and tissues (aorta, brain, heart, liver, soleus muscle). We advocate for avoiding the D-Loop as a mitochondrial reference in future studies of mCN. Further, we report a novel approach to quantifying immunolabelled mitochondrial DNA that provides single-cell estimates of mCN that closely agree with the population analyses by ddPCR. The combination of these assays represents a cost-effective and powerful suite of tools to study mCN.
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26
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Izzo C, Carrizzo A, Alfano A, Virtuoso N, Capunzo M, Calabrese M, De Simone E, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Oliveti M, Damato A, Ambrosio M, De Caro F, Remondelli P, Vecchione C. The Impact of Aging on Cardio and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E481. [PMID: 29415476 PMCID: PMC5855703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of evidences report that aging represents the major risk factor for the development of cardio and cerebrovascular diseases. Understanding Aging from a genetic, biochemical and physiological point of view could be helpful to design a better medical approach and to elaborate the best therapeutic strategy to adopt, without neglecting all the risk factors associated with advanced age. Of course, the better way should always be understanding risk-to-benefit ratio, maintenance of independence and reduction of symptoms. Although improvements in treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly population have increased the survival rate, several studies are needed to understand the best management option to improve therapeutic outcomes. The aim of this review is to give a 360° panorama on what goes on in the fragile ecosystem of elderly, why it happens and what we can do, right now, with the tools at our disposal to slow down aging, until new discoveries on aging, cardio and cerebrovascular diseases are at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Izzo
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Antonia Alfano
- Heart Department, A.O.U. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.A.); (E.D.S.)
| | - Nicola Virtuoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Mariaconsiglia Calabrese
- Rehabilitation Department, A.O.U. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Eros De Simone
- Heart Department, A.O.U. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.A.); (E.D.S.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Marco Oliveti
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Antonio Damato
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Mariateresa Ambrosio
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Francesco De Caro
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Paolo Remondelli
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
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27
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Nair N, Gongora E. Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Aging: Interaction Between NRF-2 and ADMA. Curr Cardiol Rev 2017; 13:183-188. [PMID: 28215178 PMCID: PMC5633712 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x13666170216150955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The concept of antioxidant therapies assumes high importance as oxidative stress is associated with cardiovascular aging via endothelial dysfunction. This review focuses on exploring the interaction between nrf-2 and ADMA in influencing the nitric oxide pathway and cardiovascular function. Objective: A systematic review of literature from 1990 to 2016 was conducted using Pubmed and Google Scholar. The literature suggests a strong influence of nrf-2 activation on up regulation of DDAH I which degrades ADMA, the endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. The resulting decrease of ADMA would in turn enhance nitric oxide (NO) production. This would support endothelial function by adequate NO production and homeostasis of endothelial function. Conclusion: As NO production has many positive pleiotropic effects in the cardiovascular system, such an interaction could be utilized for designing molecular therapeutics. The targets for therapy need not be limited to activation of nrf-2. Modulation of molecules downstream such as DDAH I can be used to regulate ADMA levels. Most current literature is supported by animal studies. The concept of antioxidant therapies needs to be tested in well-defined randomized control trials. The biochemical basis of nrf-2 activation needs to be substantiated in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Nair
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Enrique Gongora
- Memorial Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Hollywood, FL 33031, United States
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28
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Smith GA, Fearnley GW, Abdul-Zani I, Wheatcroft SB, Tomlinson DC, Harrison MA, Ponnambalam S. Ubiquitination of basal VEGFR2 regulates signal transduction and endothelial function. Biol Open 2017; 6:1404-1415. [PMID: 28798148 PMCID: PMC5665470 DOI: 10.1242/bio.027896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface receptors can undergo recycling or proteolysis but the cellular decision-making events that sort between these pathways remain poorly defined. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) regulate signal transduction and angiogenesis, but how signaling and proteolysis is regulated is not well understood. Here, we provide evidence that a pathway requiring the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBA1 controls basal VEGFR2 levels, hence metering plasma membrane receptor availability for the VEGF-A-regulated endothelial cell response. VEGFR2 undergoes VEGF-A-independent constitutive degradation via a UBA1-dependent ubiquitin-linked pathway. Depletion of UBA1 increased VEGFR2 recycling from endosome-to-plasma membrane and decreased proteolysis. Increased membrane receptor availability after UBA1 depletion elevated VEGF-A-stimulated activation of key signaling enzymes such as PLCγ1 and ERK1/2. Although UBA1 depletion caused an overall decrease in endothelial cell proliferation, surviving cells showed greater VEGF-A-stimulated responses such as cell migration and tubulogenesis. Our study now suggests that a ubiquitin-linked pathway regulates the balance between receptor recycling and degradation which in turn impacts on the intensity and duration of VEGF-A-stimulated signal transduction and the endothelial response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina A Smith
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gareth W Fearnley
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Izma Abdul-Zani
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Darren C Tomlinson
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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29
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Li Y, Li F, Chen S, Duan Y, Guo Q, Wang W, Wen C, Yin Y. Protein-Restricted Diet Regulates Lipid and Energy Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle of Growing Pigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9412-9420. [PMID: 27960278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the lipid metabolism and energy status of skeletal muscle of pigs as affected by dietary protein restriction. Eighteen growing pigs were distributed into three treatments, and each group was fed one of three levels (20, 17, and 14%) of crude protein (CP) diets. Our results showed that pigs fed the 20% CP had greater (P < 0.05) gain:feed and muscle weight than those fed the 14% CP, but no differences between the 20 and 17% CP treatments. Additionally, protein restriction tended to increase (P = 0.07) the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) and up-regulated (P < 0.05) expression of lipogenic-related genes. Energy status was changed and, concomitantly, AMP-activated protein kinase α pathway was inhibited by reducing the dietary protein level. These results indicate protein restriction could be useful to improve IMF content of pigs through regulating lipid metabolism and associated energy utilization in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410018, China
| | - Chaoyue Wen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410018, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410018, China
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Proanthocyanidins block aldosterone-dependent up-regulation of cardiac gamma ENaC and Nedd4-2 inactivation via SGK1. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 37:13-19. [PMID: 27592201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone plays a central role in the development of cardiac pathological states involving ion transport imbalances, especially sodium transport. We have previously demonstrated a cardioprotective effect of proanthocyanidins in aldosterone-treated rats. Our objective was to investigate for the first time the effect of proanthocyanidins on serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), epithelial Na+ channel (γ-ENaC), neuronal precursor cells expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-2 (Nedd4-2) and phosphoNedd4-2 protein expression in the hearts of aldosterone-treated rats. Male Wistar rats received aldosterone (1mg kg-1day-1)+1% NaCl for 3weeks. Half of the animals in each group were simultaneously treated with the proanthocyanidins-rich extract (80% w/w) (PRO80, 5mg kg-1day-1). Hypertension and diastolic dysfunction induced by aldosterone were abolished by treatment with PRO80. Expression of fibrotic, inflammatory and oxidative mediators were increased by aldosterone-salt administration and blunted by PRO80. Antioxidant capacity was improved by PRO80. The up-regulated aldosterone mediator SGK1, ENaC and p-Nedd4-2/total Nedd4-2 ratio were blocked by PRO80. PRO80 blunted aldosterone-mineralocorticoid-mediated up-regulation of ENaC provides new mechanistic insight of the beneficial effect of proanthocyanidins preventing the cardiac alterations induced by aldosterone excess.
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Pantsulaia I, Ciszewski WM, Niewiarowska J. Senescent endothelial cells: Potential modulators of immunosenescence and ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 29:13-25. [PMID: 27235855 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the accumulation of senescent endothelial cells may be the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases. Because of their multifunctional properties, endothelial cells actively take part in stimulating the immune system and inflammation. In addition, ageing is characterized by the progressive deterioration of immune cells and a decline in the activation of the immune response. This results in a loss of the primary function of the immune system, which is eliminating damaged/senescent cells and neutralizing potential sources of harmful inflammatory reactions. In this review, we discuss cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of endothelial cells and summarize the link between endothelial cells and immunosenescence. We describe the possibility that age-related changes in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and microRNAs can affect the phenotypes of senescent endothelial cells and immune cells via a negative feedback loop aimed at restraining the excessive pro-inflammatory response. This review also addresses the following questions: how do senescent endothelial cells influence ageing or age-related changes in the inflammatory burden; what is the connection between ECs and immunosenescence, and what are the crucial hypothetical pathways linking endothelial cells and the immune system during ageing.
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Yeung KR, Chiu CL, Pears S, Heffernan SJ, Makris A, Hennessy A, Lind JM. A Cross-Sectional Study of Ageing and Cardiovascular Function over the Baboon Lifespan. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159576. [PMID: 27427971 PMCID: PMC4948874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ageing is associated with changes at the molecular and cellular level that can alter cardiovascular function and ultimately lead to disease. The baboon is an ideal model for studying ageing due to the similarities in genetic, anatomical, physiological and biochemical characteristics with humans. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the changes in cardiovascular profile of baboons over the course of their lifespan. Methods Data were collected from 109 healthy baboons (Papio hamadryas) at the Australian National Baboon Colony. A linear regression model, adjusting for sex, was used to analyse the association between age and markers of ageing with P < 0.01 considered significant. Results Male (n = 49, 1.5–28.5 years) and female (n = 60, 1.8–24.6 years) baboons were included in the study. Age was significantly correlated with systolic (R2 = 0.23, P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (R2 = 0.44, P < 0.001), with blood pressure increasing with age. Age was also highly correlated with core augmentation index (R2 = 0.17, P < 0.001) and core pulse pressure (R2 = 0.30, P < 0.001). Creatinine and urea were significantly higher in older animals compared to young animals (P < 0.001 for both). Older animals (>12 years) had significantly shorter telomeres when compared to younger (<3 years) baboons (P = 0.001). Conclusion This study is the first to demonstrate that cardiovascular function alters with age in the baboon. This research identifies similarities within cardiovascular parameters between humans and baboon even though the length of life differs between the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R. Yeung
- Western Sydney University, School of Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Suzanne Pears
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Scott J. Heffernan
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angela Makris
- Western Sydney University, School of Medicine, Sydney, Australia
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Annemarie Hennessy
- Western Sydney University, School of Medicine, Sydney, Australia
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanne M. Lind
- Western Sydney University, School of Medicine, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Tsai IC, Pan ZC, Cheng HP, Liu CH, Lin BT, Jiang MJ. Reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidase 1 and mitochondria mediate angiotensin II-induced smooth muscle cell senescence. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 98:18-27. [PMID: 27381955 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence has emerged as an important player in both physiology and pathology. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to mediate cellular senescence. NADPH oxidases are major sources for ROS production in the vascular wall; the roles of different NADPH oxidase isoforms in cellular senescence remain unclear, however. We investigated the roles of two NADPH oxidase isoforms in mitochondrial dysfunction during angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cellular senescence of human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Ang II (10(-7)M) stimulated ROS generation, exhibiting early increases between 30 and 60min and sustained increases between 24h and 72h, and induced VSMCs senescence after 48h or 72h treatment as assessed with senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and the expression of two cell cycle inhibitors, p21 and p16. ROS scavengers and membrane-permeable catalase (catalase-PEG) reduced Ang II-stimulated cellular senescence. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) of NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit Nox1, but not that of another isoform Nox4, inhibited Ang II-induced cellular senescence. Nox1 siRNA inhibited both early and sustained ROS increases induced by Ang II. In addition, a mitochondrial-specific antioxidant, mitoQ10, effectively inhibited Ang II-induced ROS increases and cellular senescence. Ang II decreased ATP synthesis and induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization, which were attenuated by pre-treating cells with Nox1 siRNA, mitoQ10 or catalase-PEG. The effect of Ang II on the mitochondrial regulator peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and its downstream genes was examined. Ang II stimulated S570 phosphorylation of PGC-1α with concomitant decreases in catalase and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) levels between 12h and 72h, which were inhibited by Nox1 siRNA. Knockdown of both catalase and UCP-2 mimicked Ang II-induced VSMC senescence. These results suggested that Ang II-stimulated Nox1 activation mediates mitochondrial dysfunction, probably by decreasing PGC-1α activity and increasing mitochondrial oxidative stress, and leads to cellular senescence of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ching Tsai
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Cian Pan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Pin Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Tyng Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Meei Jyh Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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Yuan Y, Cruzat VF, Newsholme P, Cheng J, Chen Y, Lu Y. Regulation of SIRT1 in aging: Roles in mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 155:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease risk and all-cause mortality are largely predicted by physical fitness. Exercise stimulates vascular mitochondrial biogenesis through endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), sirtuins, and PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a response absent in diabetes and hypertension. We hypothesized that an agent regulating eNOS in the context of diabetes could reconstitute exercise-mediated signaling to mitochondrial biogenesis. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) stimulates eNOS and blood flow; we used saxagliptin, an inhibitor of GLP-1 degradation, to test whether vascular mitochondrial adaptation to exercise in diabetes could be restored. Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a nonobese, type 2 diabetes model, and Wistar controls were exposed to an 8-day exercise intervention with or without saxagliptin (10 mg·kg−1·d−1). We evaluated the impact of exercise and saxagliptin on mitochondrial proteins and signaling pathways in aorta. Mitochondrial protein expression increased with exercise in the Wistar aorta and decreased or remained unchanged in the GK animals. GK rats treated with saxagliptin plus exercise showed increased expression of mitochondrial complexes, cytochrome c, eNOS, nNOS, PGC-1α, and UCP3 proteins. Notably, a 3-week saxagliptin plus exercise intervention significantly increased running time in the GK rats. These data suggest that saxagliptin restores vascular mitochondrial adaptation to exercise in a diabetic rodent model and may augment the impact of exercise on the vasculature.
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Park SY, Rossman MJ, Gifford JR, Bharath LP, Bauersachs J, Richardson RS, Abel ED, Symons JD, Riehle C. Exercise training improves vascular mitochondrial function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H821-9. [PMID: 26825520 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00751.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training is recognized to improve cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity; however, the impact of chronic exercise on vascular mitochondrial respiratory function is unknown. We hypothesized that exercise training concomitantly increases both vascular mitochondrial respiratory capacity and vascular function. Arteries from both sedentary (SED) and swim-trained (EX, 5 wk) mice were compared in terms of mitochondrial respiratory function, mitochondrial content, markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, redox balance, nitric oxide (NO) signaling, and vessel function. Mitochondrial complex I and complex I + II state 3 respiration and the respiratory control ratio (complex I + II state 3 respiration/complex I state 2 respiration) were greater in vessels from EX relative to SED mice, despite similar levels of arterial citrate synthase activity and mitochondrial DNA content. Furthermore, compared with the SED mice, arteries from EX mice displayed elevated transcript levels of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α and the downstream targets cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1,isocitrate dehydrogenase(Idh)2, and Idh3a, increased manganese superoxide dismutase protein expression, increased endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation (Ser(1177)), and suppressed reactive oxygen species generation (all P< 0.05). Although there were no differences in EX and SED mice concerning endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation, phenylephrine-induced vasocontraction was blunted in vessels from EX compared with SED mice, and this effect was normalized by NOS inhibition. These training-induced increases in vascular mitochondrial respiratory capacity and evidence of improved redox balance, which may, at least in part, be attributable to elevated NO bioavailability, have the potential to protect against age- and disease-related challenges to arterial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Young Park
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jayson R Gifford
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Leena P Bharath
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - J David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Christian Riehle
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Differential Mitochondrial Adaptation in Primary Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from a Diabetic Rat Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8524267. [PMID: 27034743 PMCID: PMC4737048 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8524267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes affects more than 330 million people worldwide and causes elevated cardiovascular disease risk. Mitochondria are critical for vascular function, generate cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and are perturbed by diabetes, representing a novel target for therapeutics. We hypothesized that adaptive mitochondrial plasticity in response to nutrient stress would be impaired in diabetes cellular physiology via a nitric oxide synthase- (NOS-) mediated decrease in mitochondrial function. Primary smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from aorta of the nonobese, insulin resistant rat diabetes model Goto-Kakizaki (GK) and the Wistar control rat were exposed to high glucose (25 mM). At baseline, significantly greater nitric oxide evolution, ROS production, and respiratory control ratio (RCR) were observed in GK SMCs. Upon exposure to high glucose, expression of phosphorylated eNOS, uncoupled respiration, and expression of mitochondrial complexes I, II, III, and V were significantly decreased in GK SMCs (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial superoxide increased with high glucose in Wistar SMCs (p < 0.05) with no change in the GK beyond elevated baseline concentrations. Baseline comparisons show persistent metabolic perturbations in a diabetes phenotype. Overall, nutrient stress in GK SMCs caused a persistent decline in eNOS and mitochondrial function and disrupted mitochondrial plasticity, illustrating eNOS and mitochondria as potential therapeutic targets.
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Katakam PVG, Gordon AO, Sure VNLR, Rutkai I, Busija DW. Diversity of mitochondria-dependent dilator mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle of cerebral arteries from normal and insulin-resistant rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 307:H493-503. [PMID: 24929852 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00091.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial depolarization following ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel activation has been shown to induce cerebral vasodilation by generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), which sequentially promotes frequency of calcium sparks and activation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa) in vascular smooth muscle (VSM). We previously demonstrated that cerebrovascular insulin resistance accompanies aging and obesity. It is unclear whether mitochondrial depolarization without the ROS generation enhances calcium sparks and vasodilation in phenotypically normal [Sprague Dawley (SD); Zucker lean (ZL)] and insulin-resistant [Zucker obese (ZO)] rats. We compared the mechanisms underlying the vasodilation to ROS-dependent (diazoxide) and ROS-independent [BMS-191095 (BMS)] mitoKATP channel activators in normal and ZO rats. Arterial diameter studies from SD, ZL, and ZO rats showed that BMS as well as diazoxide induced vasodilation in endothelium-denuded cerebral arteries. In normal rats, BMS-induced vasodilation was mediated by mitochondrial depolarization and calcium sparks generation in VSM and was reduced by inhibition of BKCa channels. However, unlike diazoxide-induced vasodilation, scavenging of ROS had no effect on BMS-induced vasodilation. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy confirmed that diazoxide but not BMS promoted vascular ROS generation. BMS- as well as diazoxide-induced vasodilation, mitochondrial depolarization, and calcium spark generation were diminished in cerebral arteries from ZO rats. Thus pharmacological depolarization of VSM mitochondria by BMS promotes ROS-independent vasodilation via generation of calcium sparks and activation of BKCa channels. Diminished generation of calcium sparks and reduced vasodilation in ZO arteries in response to BMS and diazoxide provide new insights into mechanisms of cerebrovascular dysfunction in insulin resistance.
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Greco S, Gorospe M, Martelli F. Noncoding RNA in age-related cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:142-55. [PMID: 25640162 PMCID: PMC5509469 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic gene expression is tightly regulated transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally by a host of noncoding (nc)RNAs. The best-studied class of short ncRNAs, microRNAs, mainly repress gene expression post-transcriptionally. Long noncoding (lnc)RNAs, which comprise RNAs differing widely in length and function, can regulate gene transcription as well as post-transcriptional mRNA fate. Collectively, ncRNAs affect a broad range of age-related physiologic deteriorations and pathologies, including reduced cardiovascular vigor and age-associated cardiovascular disease. This review presents an update of our understanding of regulatory ncRNAs contributing to cardiovascular health and disease as a function of advancing age. We will discuss (1) regulatory ncRNAs that control aging-associated cardiovascular homeostasis and disease, (2) the concepts, approaches, and methodologies needed to study regulatory ncRNAs in cardiovascular aging and (3) the challenges and opportunities that age-associated regulatory ncRNAs present in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "CV Aging".
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Greco
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Policlinico San Donato-IRCCS, Milan, 20097, Italy
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Policlinico San Donato-IRCCS, Milan, 20097, Italy.
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Xie Q, Deng Y, Huang C, Liu P, Yang Y, Shen W, Gao P. Chemerin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:986-95. [PMID: 25754411 PMCID: PMC4420601 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is a novel adipocyte-derived factor that induces insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. However, the effect of chemerin on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function has received little attention. In the present study, we investigated whether mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of chemerin-mediated insulin resistance. In this study, we used recombinant adenovirus to express murine chemerin in C57BL/6 mice. The mitochondrial function and structure were evaluated in isolated soleus muscles from mice. The oxidative mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured C2C12 myotubes exposed to recombinant chemerin was analysed by western blotting, immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The overexpression of chemerin in mice reduced the muscle mitochondrial content and increased mitochondrial autophagy, as determined by the increased conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and higher expression levels of Beclin1 and autophagy-related protein-5 and 7. The chemerin treatment of C2C12 myotubes increased the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, concomitant with a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the occurrence of mitochondrial protein carbonyls and mitochondrial DNA deletions. Knockdown of the expression of chemokine-like receptor 1 or the use of mitochondria-targeting antioxidant Mito-TEMPO restored the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by chemerin. Furthermore, chemerin exposure in C2C12 myotubes not only reduced the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) but also dephosphorylated forkhead box O3α (FoxO3α). Chemerin-induced mitochondrial autophagy likely through an AKT-FoxO3α-dependent signalling pathway. These findings provide direct evidence that chemerin may play an important role in regulating mitochondrial remodelling and function in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Taylor JMW, Allen AM, Graham A. Targeting mitochondrial 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) regulates macrophage cholesterol efflux and lipid phenotype. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:603-13. [PMID: 24814875 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish mitochondrial cholesterol trafficking 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) as a potential therapeutic target, capable of increasing macrophage cholesterol efflux to (apo)lipoprotein acceptors. Expression and activity of TSPO in human (THP-1) macrophages were manipulated genetically and by the use of selective TSPO ligands. Cellular responses were analysed by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), immunoblotting and radiolabelling, including [3H]cholesterol efflux to (apo)lipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and human serum. Induction of macrophage cholesterol deposition by acetylated low-density lipoprotein (AcLDL) increased expression of TSPO mRNA and protein, reflecting findings in human carotid atherosclerosis. Transient overexpression of TSPO enhanced efflux (E%) of [3H]cholesterol to apoA-I, HDL and human serum compared with empty vector (EV) controls, whereas gene knockdown of TSPO achieved the converse. Ligation of TSPO (using PK11195, FGIN-1-27 and flunitrazepam) triggered increases in [3H]cholesterol efflux, an effect that was amplified in TSPO-overexpressing macrophages. Overexpression of TSPO induced the expression of genes [PPARA (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor α), NR1H3 (nuclear receptor 1H3/liver X receptor α), ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette A1), ABCG4 (ATP-binding cassette G4) and APOE (apolipoprotein E)] and proteins (ABCA1 and PPARα) involved in cholesterol efflux, reduced macrophage neutral lipid mass and lipogenesis and limited cholesterol esterification following exposure to AcLDL. Thus, targeting TSPO reduces macrophage lipid content and prevents macrophage foam cell formation, via enhanced cholesterol efflux to (apo)lipoprotein acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M W Taylor
- *Department of Life Sciences and the Diabetes Research Group, Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, U.K
| | - Anne-Marie Allen
- *Department of Life Sciences and the Diabetes Research Group, Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, U.K
| | - Annette Graham
- *Department of Life Sciences and the Diabetes Research Group, Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, U.K
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Font de Mora J, Díez Juan A. The decay of stem cell nourishment at the niche. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 16:487-94. [PMID: 23937078 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main features of human aging is the loss of adult stem cell homeostasis. Organs that are very dependent on adult stem cells show increased susceptibility to aging, particularly organs that present a vascular stem cell niche. Reduced regenerative capacity in tissues correlates with reduced stem cell function, which parallels a loss of microvascular density (rarefraction) and plasticity. Moreover, the age-related loss of microvascular plasticity and rarefaction has significance beyond metabolic support for tissues because stem cell niches are regulated co-ordinately with the vascular cells. In addition, microvascular rarefaction is related to increased inflammatory signals that may negatively regulate the stem cell population. Thus, the processes of microvascular rarefaction, adult stem cell dysfunction, and inflammation underlie the cycle of physiological decline that we call aging. Observations from new mouse models and humans are discussed here to support the vascular aging theory. We develop a novel theory to explain the complexity of aging in mammals and perhaps in other organisms. The connection between vascular endothelial tissue and organismal aging provides a potential evolutionary conserved mechanism that is an ideal target for the development of therapies to prevent or delay age-related processes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Font de Mora
- 1 Fundación para la Investigación Hospital La Fe and Instituto Valenciano de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir , Valencia, Spain
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Sindler AL, Devan AE, Fleenor BS, Seals DR. Inorganic nitrite supplementation for healthy arterial aging. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 116:463-77. [PMID: 24408999 PMCID: PMC3949212 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01100.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This is attributable primarily to adverse changes in arteries, notably, increases in large elastic artery stiffness and endothelial dysfunction mediated by inadequate concentrations of the vascular-protective molecule, nitric oxide (NO), and higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. Inorganic nitrite is a promising precursor molecule for augmenting circulating and tissue NO bioavailability because it requires only a one-step reduction to NO. Nitrite also acts as an independent signaling molecule, exerting many of the effects previously attributed to NO. Results of recent studies indicate that nitrite may be effective in the treatment of vascular aging. In old mice, short-term oral sodium nitrite supplementation reduces aortic pulse wave velocity, the gold-standard measure of large elastic artery stiffness, and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction, as indicated by normalization of NO-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation. These improvements in age-related vascular dysfunction with nitrite are mediated by reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation, and may be linked to increases in mitochondrial biogenesis and health. Increasing nitrite levels via dietary intake of nitrate appears to have similarly beneficial effects in many of the same physiological and clinical settings. Several clinical trials are being performed to determine the broad therapeutic potential of increasing nitrite bioavailability on human health and disease, including studies related to vascular aging. In summary, inorganic nitrite, as well as dietary nitrate supplementation, represents a promising therapy for treatment of arterial aging and prevention of age-associated CVD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Sindler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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D’Alessandro A, Zolla L. The SODyssey: superoxide dismutases from biochemistry, through proteomics, to oxidative stress, aging and nutraceuticals. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 8:405-21. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.11.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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45
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El Assar M, Angulo J, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Oxidative stress and vascular inflammation in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:380-401. [PMID: 23851032 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular aging, a determinant factor for cardiovascular disease and health status in the elderly, is now viewed as a modifiable risk factor. Impaired endothelial vasodilation is a early hallmark of arterial aging that precedes the clinical manifestations of vascular dysfunction, the first step to cardiovascular disease and influencing vascular outcomes in the elderly. Accordingly, the preservation of endothelial function is thought to be an essential determinant of healthy aging. With special attention on the effects of aging on the endothelial function, this review is focused on the two main mechanisms of aging-related endothelial dysfunction: oxidative stress and inflammation. Aging vasculature generates an excess of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, that compromise the vasodilatory activity of nitric oxide (NO) and facilitate the formation of the deleterious radical, peroxynitrite. Main sources of ROS are mitochondrial respiratory chain and NADPH oxidases, although NOS uncoupling could also account for ROS generation. In addition, reduced antioxidant response mediated by erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and downregulation of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) contributes to the establishment of chronic oxidative stress in aged vessels. This is accompanied by a chronic low-grade inflammatory phenotype that participates in defective endothelial vasodilation. The redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), is upregulated in vascular cells from old subjects and drives a proinflammatory shift that feedbacks oxidative stress. This chronic NF-κB activation is contributed by increased angiotensin-II signaling and downregulated sirtuins and precludes adequate cellular response to acute ROS generation. Interventions targeted to recover endogenous antioxidant capacity and cellular stress response rather than exogenous antioxidants could reverse oxidative stress-inflammation vicious cycle in vascular aging. Lifestyle attitudes such as caloric restriction and exercise training appear as effective ways to overcome defective antioxidant response and inflammation, favoring successful vascular aging and decreasing the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.
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46
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Ginsenoside Rg3 improves cardiac mitochondrial population quality: Mimetic exercise training. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:169-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Khurana S, Venkataraman K, Hollingsworth A, Piche M, Tai TC. Polyphenols: benefits to the cardiovascular system in health and in aging. Nutrients 2013; 5:3779-827. [PMID: 24077237 PMCID: PMC3820045 DOI: 10.3390/nu5103779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of naturally occurring dietary polyphenols in promoting cardiovascular health and emphasized the significant role these compounds play in limiting the effects of cellular aging. Polyphenols such as resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and curcumin have been acknowledged for having beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, while some have also been shown to be protective in aging. This review highlights the literature surrounding this topic on the prominently studied and documented polyphenols as pertaining to cardiovascular health and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Khurana
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +705-662-7239; Fax: +705-675-4858
| | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +705-662-7239; Fax: +705-675-4858
| | - Amanda Hollingsworth
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +705-662-7239; Fax: +705-675-4858
| | - Matthew Piche
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +705-662-7239; Fax: +705-675-4858
| | - T. C. Tai
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +705-662-7239; Fax: +705-675-4858
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Miller MW, Knaub LA, Olivera-Fragoso LF, Keller AC, Balasubramaniam V, Watson PA, Reusch JEB. Nitric oxide regulates vascular adaptive mitochondrial dynamics. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1624-33. [PMID: 23585138 PMCID: PMC3680775 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00987.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and physical inactivity, are all correlated with impaired endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) function and decreased nitric oxide (NO) production. NO-mediated regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis has been established in many tissues, yet the role of eNOS in vascular mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics is unclear. We hypothesized that genetic eNOS deletion and 3-day nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition in rodents would result in impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and defunct fission/fusion and autophagy profiles within the aorta. We observed a significant, eNOS expression-dependent decrease in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) protein subunits from complexes I, II, III, and V in eNOS heterozygotes and eNOS null mice compared with age-matched controls. In response to NOS inhibition with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treatment in Sprague Dawley rats, significant decreases were observed in ETC protein subunits from complexes I, III, and IV as well as voltage-dependent anion channel 1. Decreased protein content of upstream regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, cAMP response element-binding protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, were observed in response to 3-day L-NAME treatment. Both genetic eNOS deletion and NOS inhibition resulted in decreased manganese superoxide dismutase protein. L-NAME treatment resulted in significant changes to mitochondrial dynamic protein profiles with decreased fusion, increased fission, and minimally perturbed autophagy. In addition, L-NAME treatment blocked mitochondrial adaptation to an exercise intervention in the aorta. These results suggest that eNOS/NO play a role in basal and adaptive mitochondrial biogenesis in the vasculature and regulation of mitochondrial turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Miller
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Marzetti E, Csiszar A, Dutta D, Balagopal G, Calvani R, Leeuwenburgh C. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and altered autophagy in cardiovascular aging and disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H459-76. [PMID: 23748424 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00936.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced age is associated with a disproportionate prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Intrinsic alterations in the heart and the vasculature occurring over the life course render the cardiovascular system more vulnerable to various stressors in late life, ultimately favoring the development of CVD. Several lines of evidence indicate mitochondrial dysfunction as a major contributor to cardiovascular senescence. Besides being less bioenergetically efficient, damaged mitochondria also produce increased amounts of reactive oxygen species, with detrimental structural and functional consequences for the cardiovascular system. The age-related accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondrial likely results from the combination of impaired clearance of damaged organelles by autophagy and inadequate replenishment of the cellular mitochondrial pool by mitochondriogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about relevant mechanisms and consequences of age-related mitochondrial decay and alterations in mitochondrial quality control in the cardiovascular system. The involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular conditions especially prevalent in late life and the emerging connections with neurodegeneration are also illustrated. Special emphasis is placed on recent discoveries on the role played by alterations in mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission), mitophagy, and their interconnections in the context of age-related CVD and endothelial dysfunction. Finally, we discuss pharmacological interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction to delay cardiovascular aging and manage CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
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Knaub LA, McCune S, Chicco AJ, Miller M, Moore RL, Birdsey N, Lloyd MI, Villarreal J, Keller AC, Watson PA, Reusch JEB. Impaired response to exercise intervention in the vasculature in metabolic syndrome. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2013; 10:222-38. [PMID: 23162060 PMCID: PMC4139293 DOI: 10.1177/1479164112459664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity decreases risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality; however, the specific impact of exercise on the diabetic vasculature is unexamined. We hypothesized that an acute, moderate exercise intervention in diabetic and hypertensive rats would induce mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial antioxidant defence to improve vascular resilience. SHHF/Mcc-fa(cp) lean (hypertensive) and obese (hypertensive, insulin resistant), as well as Sprague Dawley (SD) control rats were run on a treadmill for 8 days. In aortic lysates from SD rats, we observed a significant increase in subunit proteins from oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) complexes I-III, with no changes in the lean or obese SHHF rats. Exercise also increased the expression of mitochondrial antioxidant defence uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) (p < 0.05) in SHHF lean rats, whereas no changes were observed in the SD or SHHF obese rats with exercise. We evaluated upstream signalling pathways for mitochondrial biogenesis, and only peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) significantly decreased in SHHF lean rats (p < 0.05) with exercise. In these experiments, we demonstrate absent mitochondrial induction with exercise exposure in models of chronic vascular disease. These findings suggest that chronic vascular stress results in decreased sensitivity of vasculature to the adaptive mitochondrial responses normally induced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Knaub
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sylvia McCune
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Matthew Miller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Russell L Moore
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Birdsey
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Monique I Lloyd
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Juan Villarreal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amy C Keller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Peter A Watson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jane EB Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
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